Class 9th AI Notes – Unit 3: ICT Skills-I

Part A: Employability Skills

1. What is a Computer?

Definition: A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to instructions to produce useful information.

Key Points:

  • Takes input → Processes it → Gives output
  • Works on binary system (0s and 1s)
  • Can store large amounts of data

Real-life Example:
Think of a computer like a smart chef:

  • Input: Raw ingredients (data)
  • Processing: Cooking (following recipe/program)
  • Output: Delicious meal (information)

2. ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

Definition: ICT refers to all technologies used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, computers, and software.

Components:

  • Hardware (physical parts)
  • Software (programs)
  • Networks (internet, intranet)

Real-life Examples:

  • Smartphones – Make calls, browse internet, take photos
  • ATM machines – Banking without visiting bank
  • Online classes – Learning from home

3. Input Devices

Definition: Devices that help us give instructions or data to the computer.

Common Input Devices:

  1. Keyboard – Type text and commands
  • Example: Like a typewriter for computers
  1. Mouse – Point and click interface
  • Example: Like a remote control for your screen
  1. Microphone – Input voice/sound
  • Example: Recording voice notes on WhatsApp
  1. Scanner – Convert physical documents to digital
  • Example: Scanning Aadhaar card for online verification
  1. Camera/Webcam – Capture images/video
  • Example: Video calls on Zoom

4. Output Devices

Definition: Devices that display or present the processed information from computer.

Common Output Devices:

  1. Monitor – Display visual information
  • Example: Like a TV screen showing computer content
  1. Printer – Create physical copies
  • Example: Printing exam admit cards
  1. Speaker – Audio output
  • Example: Listening to music or online lectures
  1. Projector – Display on large screen
  • Example: Teachers showing presentations in class

5. Processing Device – Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Definition: The “brain” of the computer that performs all calculations and executes instructions.

Key Functions:

  • Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction)
  • Logical operations (comparisons)
  • Control operations (managing other parts)

Real-life Analogy:
CPU is like your brain:

  • Input: Eyes see a math problem
  • Processing: Brain calculates the answer
  • Output: Hand writes the answer

6. Computer Memory

Types of Memory:

1. RAM (Random Access Memory)

  • Temporary memory
  • Lost when computer shuts down
  • Example: Like a whiteboard – you write, use, then erase

2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

  • Permanent memory
  • Contains startup instructions
  • Example: Like instructions printed on a machine

3. Storage Devices

  • Hard disk, SSD, USB drives
  • Permanent storage
  • Example: Like notebooks where you keep notes forever

7. Measuring Units for Memory

Hierarchy:

  • Bit – Smallest unit (0 or 1)
  • Byte – 8 bits
  • KB (Kilobyte) – 1024 bytes
  • MB (Megabyte) – 1024 KB
  • GB (Gigabyte) – 1024 MB
  • TB (Terabyte) – 1024 GB

Real-life Examples:

  • Text message – Few KB
  • Song – 3-5 MB
  • Movie – 1-2 GB
  • Phone storage – 64GB, 128GB

8. Motherboard

Definition: Main circuit board connecting all computer components.

Components:

  • CPU socket
  • RAM slots
  • Expansion slots
  • Power connectors

Real-life Analogy:
Like a city’s road system connecting all buildings (components).

9. Peripheral Device Ports

Common Ports:

  1. USB Port – Universal connection
  • Example: Connecting pendrive, mouse, keyboard
  1. HDMI Port – Video and audio
  • Example: Connecting laptop to TV
  1. Audio Jack – Sound devices
  • Example: Headphones, speakers
  1. Ethernet Port – Internet connection
  • Example: Wired internet cable

10. Understanding Operating System

Definition: Software that manages computer hardware and provides interface for users.

Functions:

  • Manages files and folders
  • Controls hardware
  • Runs applications
  • Provides security

Examples:

  • Windows
  • macOS
  • Linux
  • Android (for phones)

11. Windows 11 – An Operating System

Key Features:

  • Start menu in center
  • Widgets panel
  • Snap layouts for multitasking
  • Microsoft Teams integration

Desktop Elements:

  • Taskbar – Quick access to apps
  • Start Menu – Launch programs
  • System Tray – Clock, notifications
  • Desktop Icons – Shortcuts

12. Booting & Starting a Computer

Boot Process:

  1. Press power button
  2. BIOS/UEFI checks hardware
  3. Operating system loads
  4. User login screen appears
  5. Desktop appears

Types of Booting:

  • Cold Boot – Starting from off state
  • Warm Boot – Restart

13. Files and Folders in Windows 11

File: Individual document or program

  • Examples: photo.jpg, essay.docx

Folder: Container for files

  • Examples: Documents, Pictures, Downloads

File Management:

  • Create – Right-click → New
  • Copy – Ctrl+C
  • Paste – Ctrl+V
  • Delete – Delete key
  • Rename – Right-click → Rename

14. Mouse Operations in Windows 11

Basic Operations:

  1. Click – Select items
  2. Double-click – Open items
  3. Right-click – Context menu
  4. Drag – Move items
  5. Scroll – Navigate pages

Real-life Practice:
Playing solitaire game to improve mouse skills

15. Keyboard Operations in Windows 11

Important Keys:

  • Enter – Confirm/New line
  • Backspace – Delete left
  • Delete – Delete right
  • Tab – Move between fields
  • Caps Lock – CAPITAL LETTERS

Shortcuts:

  • Ctrl+C – Copy
  • Ctrl+V – Paste
  • Ctrl+Z – Undo
  • Alt+Tab – Switch windows

16. Internet – Introduction

Definition: Global network connecting millions of computers.

Uses:

  • Information search
  • Communication
  • Entertainment
  • Education
  • Shopping

Requirements:

  • Computer/Device
  • Internet Service Provider (ISP)
  • Modem/Router
  • Web browser

17. Internet Terminologies

  1. Website – Collection of web pages
  • Example: www.google.com
  1. URL – Web address
  • Example: https://www.wikipedia.org
  1. Browser – Software to access internet
  • Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Edge
  1. Download – Save from internet
  2. Upload – Send to internet
  3. Bandwidth – Internet speed

18. Microsoft Edge

Features:

  • Built-in Windows browser
  • Collections for research
  • Reading mode
  • Password manager

Basic Use:

  1. Click Edge icon
  2. Type URL or search term
  3. Press Enter
  4. Browse websites

19. Email

Definition: Electronic mail for sending messages over internet.

Components:

  • To: Recipient’s address
  • Subject: Topic of email
  • Body: Main message
  • Attachments: Files to send

Email Address Format:
username@provider.com

  • Example: student123@gmail.com

20. Creating an Email Account

Steps (Gmail Example):

  1. Go to gmail.com
  2. Click “Create account”
  3. Fill personal information
  4. Choose username
  5. Create strong password
  6. Add recovery phone/email
  7. Agree to terms

Password Tips:

  • Use 8+ characters
  • Mix letters, numbers, symbols
  • Don’t use personal info

21. Social Media Introduction

Definition: Online platforms for sharing and connecting.

Popular Platforms:

  • Facebook – Connect with friends/family
  • Instagram – Share photos/videos
  • Twitter – Share short messages
  • LinkedIn – Professional networking

Safety Tips:

  • Don’t share personal information
  • Think before you post
  • Use privacy settings

22. Mobile Device Layout

Key Components:

  • Home Screen – App icons
  • Status Bar – Battery, network, time
  • Navigation – Back, home, recent apps
  • App Drawer – All installed apps

Common Operations:

  • Tap – Select
  • Long press – Options
  • Swipe – Navigate
  • Pinch – Zoom

23. Digital India

Definition: Government initiative to transform India into digitally empowered society.

Key Programs:

  1. BharatNet – Broadband to villages
  2. DigiLocker – Store documents digitally
  3. UMANG – Government services app
  4. e-Hospital – Online medical services

Benefits:

  • Paperless services
  • Time saving
  • Transparency
  • Easy access

24. Shutting Down the Computer

Proper Shutdown Steps:

  1. Save all work
  2. Close all programs
  3. Click Start menu
  4. Click Power button
  5. Select “Shut down”
  6. Wait for complete shutdown

Why Proper Shutdown?

  • Saves work properly
  • Prevents file corruption
  • Extends hardware life

Quick Revision Tips:

  1. Practice Daily: Use computer for 30 minutes daily
  2. Keyboard Practice: Use typing games
  3. File Organization: Create folders for subjects
  4. Internet Safety: Never share passwords
  5. Email Etiquette: Use proper subject lines

Important Remember:

  • Computers make work faster and easier
  • Always save your work regularly
  • Keep passwords secret and strong
  • Use internet responsibly
  • Practice makes perfect!

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