Class 9th AI Notes – Part A: Employability Skills

Unit 1: Communication Skills

1. What is Communication?

Definition: Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings between two or more people.

Key Elements:

  • Sender – The person who starts the communication
  • Message – The information being shared
  • Channel – The medium used (speaking, writing, gestures)
  • Receiver – The person who gets the message
  • Feedback – The response from the receiver

Real-Life Example: When you order food at a restaurant:

  • You (sender) → tell your order (message) → to the waiter (receiver) → who confirms it (feedback)

2. Types of Communication

A. Verbal Communication

  • Uses spoken or written words
  • Example: Talking to friends, writing WhatsApp messages

B. Non-Verbal Communication

  • Uses body language, gestures, facial expressions
  • Example: Thumbs up = Good job, Nodding = Yes/Agreement

C. Visual Communication

  • Uses images, graphs, charts
  • Example: Traffic signals, emoji in messages 🚦😊

3. 3P’s of Public Speaking

P1: Prepare

  • Research your topic thoroughly
  • Make notes and practice
  • Example: Before a class presentation, gather information and create cue cards

P2: Practice

  • Rehearse multiple times
  • Time yourself
  • Example: Practice your speech in front of a mirror or family members

P3: Perform

  • Speak clearly and confidently
  • Make eye contact
  • Example: During school assembly speech, stand straight and speak loudly

4. What is a Sentence?

Definition: A group of words that expresses a complete thought and makes sense.

Requirements:

  • Must have a subject (who/what)
  • Must have a verb (action)
  • Must express a complete idea

Examples:

  • ✅ “Rahul plays cricket.” (Complete sentence)
  • ❌ “Playing in the garden” (Incomplete – no subject)

5. When No Articles are Used

No articles needed before:

  1. Proper nouns: India, Priya, December
  2. Languages: Hindi, English, French
  3. Subjects: Mathematics, Science, History
  4. Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner
  5. Sports: cricket, football, chess

Examples:

  • ❌ “I speak the Hindi”
  • ✅ “I speak Hindi”
  • ❌ “She plays the tennis”
  • ✅ “She plays tennis”

6. Perspectives in Communication

Different viewpoints affect how we communicate:

First Person (I, We)

  • Personal experience
  • Example: “I think online classes are convenient”

Second Person (You)

  • Direct address
  • Example: “You should complete your homework”

Third Person (He, She, They)

  • Outside observer
  • Example: “Students find math challenging”

7. Greetings

Formal Greetings:

  • Good morning/afternoon/evening
  • How do you do?
  • It’s a pleasure to meet you

Informal Greetings:

  • Hi/Hello
  • What’s up?
  • How’s it going?

Real-Life Usage:

  • To Teacher: “Good morning, Ma’am”
  • To Friend: “Hey, what’s up?”

8. Writing Skills

Essential Elements:

  1. Clarity – Write simple, clear sentences
  2. Structure – Introduction, body, conclusion
  3. Grammar – Correct spelling and punctuation
  4. Purpose – Know why you’re writing

Example: Writing an email to teacher for leave:

  • Subject line (clear purpose)
  • Proper greeting
  • Reason for leave
  • Polite closing

9. Parts of Speech

The 8 building blocks of language:

  1. Noun – Person, place, thing (Ram, Delhi, book)
  2. Pronoun – Replaces noun (he, she, it)
  3. Verb – Action word (run, eat, study)
  4. Adjective – Describes noun (beautiful, tall, smart)
  5. Adverb – Describes verb (quickly, slowly, carefully)
  6. Preposition – Shows position (in, on, under)
  7. Conjunction – Joins words (and, but, or)
  8. Interjection – Shows emotion (Oh!, Wow!, Alas!)

Example Sentence: “Wow! The beautiful girl quickly ran to school.”

  • Wow (interjection)
  • beautiful (adjective)
  • girl (noun)
  • quickly (adverb)
  • ran (verb)

10. Construction of a Paragraph

Structure:

  1. Topic Sentence – Main idea
  2. Supporting Sentences – Details and examples
  3. Concluding Sentence – Summarizes the point

Example Paragraph:
“Mobile phones are essential in today’s world. They help us stay connected with family and friends through calls and messages. We can also use them for online learning, banking, and entertainment. Therefore, mobile phones have become an important part of our daily lives.”

11. Effective Ways of Communication

Do’s:

  • Listen actively
  • Be clear and concise
  • Use appropriate body language
  • Show empathy
  • Give feedback

Don’ts:

  • Interrupt others
  • Use complex words unnecessarily
  • Avoid eye contact
  • Be judgmental

Real-Life Example: In a group project:

  • Listen to everyone’s ideas
  • Speak clearly about your thoughts
  • Respect different opinions

12. Talking About Yourself

Key Components:

  1. Name and background
  2. Interests and hobbies
  3. Goals and aspirations
  4. Relevant experiences

Example Introduction:
“Hi, I’m Ananya from Delhi. I’m in class 9th and I love reading books and playing badminton. I want to become a software engineer. Currently, I’m learning Python programming.”

13. Phrases

Definition: A group of words that work together but don’t form a complete sentence.

Types:

  1. Noun Phrase: “The red car”
  2. Verb Phrase: “is playing cricket”
  3. Prepositional Phrase: “under the table”

Common Phrases in Daily Life:

  • “Thank you very much”
  • “You’re welcome”
  • “Excuse me”
  • “I’m sorry”

14. Use of Articles

‘A’ and ‘An’ (Indefinite Articles)

  • Use with singular, countable nouns
  • ‘A’ before consonant sounds: a book, a university
  • ‘An’ before vowel sounds: an apple, an hour

‘The’ (Definite Article)

  • Use for specific things
  • Example: “The book on the table” (specific book)

Practice Examples:

  • I saw _ elephant (an)
  • She is _ honest girl (an)
  • _ Sun rises in the east (The)

15. Pronunciation Basics

Key Tips:

  1. Syllable Stress – Emphasize the right part
  • Com-PU-ter (stress on PU)
  • PHO-to-graph (stress on PHO)
  1. Silent Letters – Don’t pronounce these
  • Knight (K is silent)
  • Hour (H is silent)
  1. Common Mistakes to Avoid:
  • Wednesday (pronounce: Wens-day)
  • Pizza (pronounce: Peet-za, not Piz-za)
  • Queue (pronounce: Kyoo)

Practice Tip: Use online dictionaries with audio pronunciation or watch English videos with subtitles.

Quick Revision Tips:

  1. Practice one communication skill daily
  2. Read newspapers to improve vocabulary
  3. Record yourself speaking and listen for improvements
  4. Write one paragraph daily on any topic
  5. Learn 5 new words with their pronunciation weekly

Remember: Good communication is not about using big words, but about expressing yourself clearly and effectively! 🌟

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