RD SHARMA SOLUTION CHAPTER –13 Profit, Loss, Discount and Value Added Tax (VAT) | CLASS 8TH MATHEMATICS-EDUGROWN

Exercise 13.1

Question 1.
A student buys a pen for Rs. 90 and sells it for Rs. 100. Find his gain and gain percent ?
Solution:
C.P. of a pen = Rs. 90
and S.P. = Rs. 100
Gain = S.P. – C.P. = Rs. 100 – 90 (S.P > C.P.)
= Rs. 10

Question 2.
Rekha bought a saree for Rs. 1240 and sold it for Rs. 1147. Find her loss and loss percent.
Solution:
C.P. of saree.= Rs. 1240 and
S.P. = Rs. 1147
Loss = C.P – S.P. = Rs. 1240 – Rs. 1147 (C.P. > S.P.)
= Rs. 93

Question 3.
A boy buys 9 apples for Rs. 9.60 and sells them at 11 for Rs. 12. Find his gain or loss percent.
Solution:
L.C.M. of 9 and 11 = 99
Let 99 apples were purchased.
C.P. of 99 apples at the rate of 9 apples for Rs. 9.60

Question 4.
The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the profit percent.
Solution:
C.P. of 10 articles = S.P. of 9 articles = 90 (Suppose)

Question 5.
A retailer buys a radio for Rs. 225. His overhead expenses are Rs. 15. If he sells the radio for Rs. 300, determine his profit percent.
Solution:
Cost of radio = Rs. 225
Over head expenses = Rs. 15
Total C.P. of the ratio = Rs. 225 + 15 = Rs. 240
S.P. of radio = Rs. 300
Gain = S.P. – C.P. = Rs. 300 – Rs. 240 = Rs. 60

Question 6.
A retailer buys a cooler for Rs. 1200 and overhead expenses on it are Rs. 40. If he sells the cooler for Rs. 1550, determine his profit percent.
Solution:
Cost of cooler = Rs. 1200
Overhead expenses = Rs. 40
Total cost price of cooler = Rs. 1200 + Rs. 40 = Rs. 1240
Selling price = Rs. 1550
Gain = S.P. – C.P. = Rs. 1550 – Rs. 1240 = Rs. 310

Question 7.
A dealer buys a wristwatch for Rs. 225 and spends Rs. 15 on its repairs. If he sells the same for Rs. 300, find his profit percent.
Solution:
Cost of wristwatch = Rs. 225
Cost on repairs = Rs. 15
Total cost price = Rs. 225 + Rs. 15 = Rs. 240
Selling price = Rs. 300
Gain = S.P. – C.P. = Rs. 300 – Rs. 240 = Rs. 60

Question 8.
Ramesh bought two boxes for Rs. 1300. He sold one box at a profit of 20% and the other box at a loss of 12%. If the selling price of both boxes is the same, find the cost price of each box.
Solution:
Total cost price of two boxes = Rs. 1300
S.P. of each box is same.
Let S.P of each box = Rs. 100
S.P. of first box = Rs. 100
Gain = 20%

Question 9.
If the selling price of 10 pens is equal to cost price of 14 pens, find the gain percent.
Solution:
S.P. of 10 pens = C.P. of 14 pens = Rs. 100 (Suppose)

Question 10.
If the cost price of 18 chairs be equal to selling price of 16 chairs, And the gain or loss percent.
Solution:
C.P. of 18 chairs = S.P. of 16 chairs = Rs. 100 (Suppose)

Question 11.
If the selling price of 18 oranges is equal to the cost price of 16 oranges, And the loss percent.
Solution:
S.P. of 18 oranges = C.P. of 16 oranges = Rs. 100 (Suppose)

Question 12.
Ravish sold his motorcycle to Vineet at a loss of 28%. Vineet spent Rs. 1680 on its repairs and sold the motor cycle to Rahul for Rs. 35910, thereby making a profit of 12.5%, find the cost price of the motor cycle for Ravish.
Solution:
Cost price of cycle for Rahul or Selling price for Vineet = Rs. 35910
Gain = 12.5%

Question 13.
By selling a book for Rs. 258, a book-seller gains 20%. For how much should he sell it to gain 30% ?
Solution:
S.P. of a book = Rs. 258
Gain = 20%

Question 14.
A defective briefcase costing Rs. 800 is being sold at a loss of 8%. If its price is further reduced by 5%, find its selling price.
Solution:
C.P. of a briefcase = Rs. 800
Loss = 8%

Question 15.
By selling 90 ball pens for Rs. 160, a person losses 20%. How many ball pens should be sold for Rs. 96 so as to have a profit of 20%.
Solution:
S.P of 90 ball pens = Rs. 160

Question 16.
A man sells an article at a profit of 25%. If he had bought it at 20% less and sold it for Rs. 36.75 less, he would have gained 30%. Find the cost price of the article.
Solution:
Let C.P. of the article = Rs. 100
In first case gain = 25%
S.P. = 100 + 25 = Rs. 125
In second case,
C.P. = 20% less of Rs. 100 = 100 – 20 = Rs. 80
Gain = 30%

Question 17.
A dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell pulses at his cost price but uses a false weight of 950 for each kilogram. Find his gain percent.
Solution:
Let C.P. of 1 kg of pulses = Rs. 100
S.P. of 950 gm = Rs. 100

Question 18.
A dealer bought two tables for Rs. 3120. He sold one of them at a loss of 15% and other at a gain of 36%. Then he found that each table was sold for the same price, find the cost price of each table.
Solution:
Cost price of two tables = Rs. 3120
Let S.P of each table = Rs. 100
Now S.P of one table = Rs. 100
Loss = 15%

Question 19.
Mariam bought two fans for Rs. 3605. She sold one at a profit of 15% and the other at a loss of 9%. If Mariam obtained the same amount for each fan, find the cost price of each fan.
Solution:
Total cost price of two fans = Rs. 3605
Let selling price of each fan = Rs. 100
Now S.P. of first fan = Rs. 100
Profit = 15%

Question 20.
Some toffees are bought at the rate of 11 for Rs. 10 and the same number at the rate of 9 for Rs. 10. If the whole lot is sold at one rupee per toffee, find the gain or loss percent on the whole transaction.
Solution:
L.C.M. of 11 and 9 = 99
Let each time 99 toffees are bought.
In first case, the C.P. of 99 toffees at the rate of 11 for Rs. 10

Question 21.
A tricycle is sold at a gain of 16%. Had it been sold for Rs. 100 more, the gain would have been 20%. Find the C.P. of the tricycle.
Solution:
Let the C.P. of tricycle = Rs. 100
In first case, gain = 16%
S.P. = Rs. 100 + 16 = Rs. 116
In second case, gain = 20%
S.P. = Rs. 100 + 20 = Rs. 120
Difference in S.P.’s = Rs. 120 – Rs. 116 = Rs. 4
If difference is Rs. 4,
then C.P. of the tricycle = Rs. 100
and if difference is Re. 1, then C.P.

Question 22.
Shabana bought 16 dozen ball pens and sold then at a loss equal to S.P. of 8 ball pens. Find
(i) her loss percent
(ii) S.P. of 1 dozen ball pens, if she purchased these 16 dozen ball pens for Rs. 576.
Solution:
C.P. of 16 dozen ball pens = S.P. of 16 dozen pens – loss
C.P. of 16 x 12 pens = S.P. of 16 dozen pens x S.P. of 8 pens
C.P. of 192 pens = S.P. of 16 x 12 pens x S.P. of 8 pens
S.P. of 192 pens + S.P. of 8 pens = S.P. of 200 pens
(i) Let C.P. of 1 pen = Re. 1
Then C.P. of 192 pens = Rs. 192
and S.P. of 200 pens = Rs. 192

Question 23.
The difference between two selling prices of a shirt at profits of 4% and 5% is Rs. 6. Find
(i) C.P. of the shirt
(ii) The two selling prices of the shirt
Solution:
The difference of two selling prices of shirt = Rs. 6
Difference in profits of 4% and 5% = 5 – 4 = 1%
(i) C.P. = 1 x 6 x 100 = Rs. 600

Question 24.
Toshiba bought 100 hens for Rs. 8000 and sold 20 of these at a gain of 5%. At what gain percent she must sell the remaining hens so as to gain 20% on the whole ?
Solution:
Total number of hens bought = 100
C.P. of 100 hens = Rs. 8000

Exercise 13.2

Question 1.
Find the S.P. If
(i) M.P. = Rs. 1300 and Discount = 10%
(ii) M.P. = Rs. 500 and Discount = 15%
Solution:
(i) M.P. = Rs. 1300, Discount = 10%

Question 2.
Find the M.P. If
(i) S.P. = Rs. 1222 and Discount = 6%
(ii) S.P. = Rs. 495 and Discount = 1%
Solution:
(i) S.P. = Rs. 1222, discount = 6%

Question 3.
Find discount in percent when
(i) M.P. = Rs. 900 and S.P. = Rs. 873
(ii) M.P. = Rs. 500 and S.P. = Rs. 425
Solution:
(i) M.P. = Rs. 900
S.P. = Rs. 873
Discount = M.P. – S.P. = Rs. 900 – Rs. 873 = Rs. 27

(ii) M.P. = Rs. 500
S.P. = Rs. 425
Discount M.P. – S.P. = Rs. 500 – Rs. 425 = = Rs. 75

Question 4.
A shop selling sewing machines offers 3% discount on ail cash purchases. What cash amount does a customer pay for a sewing machine, the price of which is marked as Rs. 650.
Solution:
Marked price (M.P.) of one sewing machine = Rs. 650
Rate of discount = 3%

Question 5.
The marked price of a ceiling fan is Rs. 720. During off season, it is sold for Rs. 684. Determine the discount percent.
Solution:
Marked price (M.P.) of fan = Rs. 720
Sale price (S.P.) = Rs. 684
Amount of discount = M.P. – S.P. = Rs. 720 – Rs. 684 = Rs. 36

Question 6.
On the eve of Gandhi Jayanti, a saree is sold for Rs. 720 after allowing 20% discount. What is the marked price ?
Solution:
S.P. of saree = Rs. 720
Rate of discount = 20%

Question 7.
After allowing a discount of 712 % on the marked price, an article is sold for Rs. 555. Find its marked price.
Solution:
Selling price (S.P.) = Rs. 555

Question 8.
A shopkeeper allows his customers 10% off on the marked price of goods and still gets a profit of 25%. What is the actual cost to him of an article marked Rs. 250?
Solution:
Marked price = Rs. 250
Discount allowed = 10%

Question 9.
A shopkeeper allows 20% off on the marked price of goods and still gets a profit of 25%. What is the actual cost to him of an article marked Rs. 500 ?
Solution:
Marked price (M.P.) of an article = Rs. 500
Discount allowed = 20%
Selling price (S.P.)

Question 10.
A tradesman marks his goods at such a price that after allowing a discount of 15%, he makes a profit of 20%. What is the marked price of an article whose cost price is Rs 170 ?
Solution:
Rate of discount = 15% gain = 20%
Cost price (C.P.) of an article = Rs 170
Selling price (S.P.)

Question 11.
A shopkeeper marks his goods in such a way that after allowing a discount of 25% on the marked price, he still makes a profit of 50%. Find the ratio of the C.P. to the M.P.
Solution:
Let cost price (C.P.) = Rs 100
Profit = 50%
Selling Price (S.P.)

Question 12.
A cycle dealer offers a discount of 10% and still makes a profit of 26%. What is the actual cost to him of a cycle whose marked price is Rs 840 ?
Solution:
Rate of discount = 10%
Gain = 26%
Marked Price (M.P.) = Rs 840
Selling Price (S.P.)

Question 13.
A shopkeeper allows 23% commission on his advertised price and still makes a profit of 10%. If he gains Rs 56 on one item, find his advertised price.
Solution:
Rate of commission = 23%
Profit = 10%
Total gain = Rs 56

Question 14.
A shopkeeper marks his goods at 40% above the cost price but allows a discount of 5% for cash payment to his customers. What actual profit does he make, if he receives Rs 1064 after paying the discount ?
Solution:
Let cost price (C.P.) = Rs 100
Marked price = Rs 100 + 40 = Rs 140
Rate of discount = 5%
Selling price (S.P)

Question 15.
By selling a pair of ear rings at a discount of 25% on the marked price, a jeweller makes a profit of 16%. If the profit is Rs 48, what is the cost price ? What is the marked price and the price at which the pair was eventually bought ?
Solution:
Total profit = Rs 48
Profit percent = 16%
Cost price = 48×10016 = Rs 300
Selling Price = C.P. + profit = Rs 300 + Rs 48 = Rs 348
Rate of discount = 25%

Question 16.
A publisher gives 32% discount on the printed price of a book to booksellers. What does a bookseller pay for a book whose printed price is Rs 275 ?
Solution:
Printed price of a book = Rs 275
Rate of discount = 32%
Selling price (S.P.)

Question 17.
After allowing a discount of 20% on the marked price of a lamp, a trader loses 10%. By what percentage is the marked price above the cost price ?
Solution:
Rate of discount = 20%
Loss = 10%
Let the cost price of the lamp = Rs 100
Loss = 10%
Selling price = Rs 100 – 10 = Rs 90
Rate of discount = 20%

Question 18.
The list price of a table fan is Rs 480 and it is available to a retailer at 25% discount. For how much should a retailer sell it to gain 15% ?
Solution:
List price of table fan (M.P.) = Rs 480
Rate of discount = 25%
Selling price (S.P)

Question 19.
Rohit buys an item at 25% discount on the marked price. He sells it for Rs 660, making a profit of 10%. What is the marked price of the item ?
Solution:
Rate of discount = 25%
Selling price (S.P.) for Rohit = Rs 660
Profit = 10%

Question 20.
A cycle merchant allows 20% discount on the marked price of the cycles and still makes a profit of 20%. If he gains Rs 360 over the sale of one cycle, find the marked price of the cycle.
Solution:
Rate of discount = 20%
Profit = 20%
Total gain = Rs 360

Question 21.
Jyoti and Meena run a ready-made garment shop. They mark the garments at such a price that even after allowing a discount of 12.5%, they make a profit of 10%. Find the marked price of a suit which costs them Rs 1470.
Solution:
Rate of discount = 12.5%
Profit = 10%
Cost price = Rs 1470

Question 22.
What price should Aslam mark on a pair of shoes ? Which costs him Rs 1200 so as to gain 12% after allowing a discount of 16% ?
Solution:
Cost price of shoes = Rs 1200
Gain = 12%

Question 23.
Jasmine allows 4% discount on the marked price of her goods and still earns a profit of 20%. What is the cost price of a shirt for her marked at Rs 850 ?
Solution:
Marked price of a shirt = Rs 850
Discount = 4%
Selling price

Question 24.
A shopkeeper offers 10% off-season discount to the customers and still makes a profit of 26%. What is the cost price for the shopkeeper on a pair of shoes marked at Rs 1120 ?
Solution:
Marked price = Rs 1120
Rate of discount = 10%
S.P. of shoes

Question 25.
A lady shopkeeper allows her customers 10% discount on the marked price of the goods and still gets a profit of 25%. What is the cost price of a fan for her marked at Rs 1250 ?
Solution:
Marked price (M.P.) of fan = Rs 1250
Discount = 10%
S.P. of the fan

Exercise 13.3

Question 1.
The list price of a refrigerator is Rs 9700. If a value added tax of 6% is to be charged on it, how much one has to pay to buy the refrigerator ?
Solution:
List price of refrigerator = Rs 9700
Rate of VAT = 6%
Amount of VAT = Rs. 9700×6100 = Rs 582
Total price to be paid = Rs 9700 + 582 = Rs 10282

Question 2.
Vikram bought a watch for Rs 825. If this amount includes 10% VAT on the list price, what was the list price of the watch ?
Solution:
Price of watch including VAT = Rs 825
Rate of VAT = 10%

Question 3.
Aman bought a shirt for Rs 374.50 which includes 7% VAT. Find the list price of the shirt.
Solution:
Cost price of the shirt = Rs 374.50
Rate of VAT = 7%

Question 4.
Rani purchases a pair of shoes whose sale price is Rs 175. If he pays a VAT at the rate of 7%, how much amount does he pays as VAT. Find the net value of the pair of shoes.
Solution:
Sale price of a pair of shoes = Rs 175
Rate of VAT = 7%
Total VAT paid = Rs. 175×7100 = Rs 12.25
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Question 5.
Swarna paid Rs 20 as VAT on a pair of shoes worth Rs 250. Find the rate of VAT.
Solution:
Amount of VAT paid = Rs 20
Price of the pair of shoes = Rs 250
Rate of VAT = 20×100250 = 8%

Question 6.
Sarita buys goods worth Rs 5,500. She gets a rebate of 5% on it. After getting the rebate if VAT at the rate of 5% is charged, find the amount she will have to pay for the goods.
Solution:
Price of goods = Rs 5,500
Rate of rebate = 5%
Sales price after rebate

= Rs 5,225
Rate of VAT = 5%
Amount of VAT

Amount to be paid after paying VAT = Rs 5,225 + 261.25 = Rs 5486.25

Question 7.
The cost of furniture inclusive of VAT is Rs 7,150. If the rate of VAT is 10%, find the original cost of the furniture.
Solution:
Cost of furniture including VAT = Rs 7,150
Rate of VAT = 10%
Original cost of furniture

Question 8.
A refrigerator is available for Rs 13,750 including VAT. If the rate of VAT is 10%, find the original cost of refrigerator.
Solution:
Cost of refrigerator including VAT = Rs 13,750
Rate of VAT = 10%
Actual price of refrigerator

Question 9.
A colour TV is available for Rs 13,440 inclusive of VAT. If the original cost of TV is Rs 12,000, find the rate of VAT.
Solution:
Cost of TV including VAT = Rs 13,440
Actual cost = Rs 12,000
Amount of VAT = Rs 13,440 – Rs 12,000 = Rs 1,440

Question 10.
Reena goes to a shop to buy a radio, costing Rs 2,568. The rate of VAT is 7%. She tells the shopkeeper to reduce the price of the radio such that she has to pay Rs 2,568 inclusive of VAT. Find the reduction needed in the price of radio.
Solution:
Price of radio inclusive of VAT = Rs 2,568
Rate of VAT = 7%

But the cost of radio in the beginning = Rs 2,568
Reduction = Rs 2568 – Rs 2,400 = Rs 168

Question 11.
Rajat goes to a departmental store and buys the following articles :

Calculate the total amount he has to pay to the store.
Solution:
Price of 2 pairs of shoes @ Rs 800 = Rs800 x 2 = Rs 1,600
Rate of VAT = 5%


Total amount to be paid = Rs 1,680 + Rs 1,590 + Rs 1,352 = Rs 4,622

Question 12.
Ajit buys a motorcycle for Rs 17,600 including value added tax. If the rate of VAT is 10%, what is the sale price of the motorcycle ?
Solution:
Cost price of motorcycle (including VAT) = Rs 17,600
Rate of VAT = 10%
Sale price of motorcycle

Question 13.
Manoj buys a leather coat costing Rs 900 at Rs 990 after paying the VAT. Calculate the VAT charged on the cost.
Solution:
Cost price of coat = Rs 900
And sale price including VAT = Rs 990
Amount of VAT = Rs 990 – Rs 900 = Rs 90
Rate of VAT = 90×100900 = 10%

Question 14.
Rakesh goes to a departmental store and purchases the following articles:
(i) biscuits and bakery products costing Rs 50, VAT @ 5%.
(ii) medicines costing Rs 90. VAT @ 10%,
(iii) clothes costing Rs 400, VAT @ 1% and
(iv) cosmetics costing Rs 150, VAT @ 10% Calculate the total amount to be paid by Rakesh to the store.
Solution:
(i) Cost of biscuits and bakery product = Rs 50
VAT = 5%

Total amount of the bill = Rs 52.50 + Rs 99 + Rs 404 + Rs 165 = Rs 720.50

Question 15.
Rajeeta purchased a set of cosmetics. She paid Rs 165 for it including VAT. If the rate of VAT is 10%, find the sale price of the set.
Solution:
Total price of set including VAT = Rs 165
Rate of VAT = 10%

Question 16.
Sunita purchases a bicycle for Rs 660. She has paid a VAT of 10%. Find the list price of bicycle.
Solution:
Cost price of bicycle including VAT = Rs. 660
Rate of VAT = 10%

Question 17.
The sales price of a television inclusive of VAT is Rs 13,500. If VAT is charged at the rate of 8% of the list price, find the list price of the television.
Solution:
Sale price of television including VAT = Rs 13,500
Rate of VAT = 8%

Question 18.
Shikha purchased a car with a marked price of Rs 2,10,000 at a discount of 5%. If VAT is charged at the rate of 10%, find the amount Shikha had paid for purchasing the car.
Solution:
Marked price of car = Rs 2,10,000
Rate of discount = 5%

Question 19.
Sharuti bought a set of cosmetic items for Rs 345 including 15% value added tax and a purse for Rs 110 including 10% VAT. What percent is the VAT charged on the whole transactions ?
Solution:
Cost price of set = Rs 345
VAT = 15%

Question 20.
List price of a cooler is Rs 2,563. The rate of VAT is 10%. The customer requests the shopkeeper to allow a discount in the price of the cooler to such an extent that the price remains Rs 2,563 inclusive of VAT. Find the discount in the price of the cooler.
Solution:
List price of cooler = Rs. 2,563
On request the price of cooler is paid Rs 2,563 including VAT
VAT = 10%

Amount of discount = Rs 2,563 – Rs 2,330 = Rs 233

Question 21.
List price of a washing machine is Rs 9,000. If the dealer allows a discount of 5% on the cash payment, how much money will a customer pay to the dealer in cash, if the rate of VAT is 10%.
Solution:
List price of washing machine = Rs 9,000
Rate of discount = 5%
Amount after giving discount