NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 12 | GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | CHAPTER- 22 | GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 22 GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

Question 1.
How is environment pollution caused? Mention four types of pollution responsible for environmental degradation.
Answer:
Pollution is the contamination of the environment by the introduction of contaminants that can cause damage to the environment and harm or discomfort to humans or other living species.

It is the addition of another form of any substance or form of energy to the environment at a faster rate than that the environment can accommodate it by dispersion, breakdown recycling or shortage in some harmless form.

The four types of pollution which are responsible for environmental degradation are as follows:

• Water pollution
• Air pollution
• Land pollution
• Noise pollution

Question 2.
How do industries pollute India’s water bodies? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Wastewater, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc from industries contribute to water pollution. During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few sub-sections, mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic pollutants.

Most of these defaulting industries are leather, pulp and paper, textiles, chemicals, sugar mills, distilleries and thermal power stations. Not all industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents. As small scale industries cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment as their profit margin is very slender.

Question 3.
What is noise pollution? Explain any four sources of noise.
OR
Describe three main sources of noise pollution in India.
OR
How has noise pollution become hazardous in many big cities of India? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Noise pollution refers to a noise that causes a condition which is unbearable and uncomfortable for human beings. After technological innovations, it has become a serious problem, especially in urban areas.

The noise can be from various sources such as:

1. Factories, mechanised construction and demolition works, aircraft, automobiles loudspeaker, siren, etc.
2. The noise produced by traffic is a major source of noise pollution. It creates a huge inconvenience to the people. Intensity and nature of noise made by traffic are dependent on various factors such as type of vehicle, (aircraft, train, etc) condition of road and condition of the vehicle (in case of automobiles).
3. In sea traffic, noise pollution is limited to the harbour because of the loading and unloading activities of containers.
4. Noise pollution from industries is also a serious problem, but its intensity varies because of some factors such as types of industry, types of machines and tools, etc.

Question 4.
Explain any three consequences of air pollution.
OR
Explain any three effects of air pollution on human life.
OR
Explain any three ill effects of air pollution ‘on human health in India.
Answer:
The main consequences of air pollution are as follows:

1. Air pollution is responsible for many diseases that cause harm to our respiratory, nervous and circulatory systems.
2. Air pollution is responsible for creating a smoky fog over cities which is known as urban smog. It also has negative effects on human health.
3. Air pollution is also responsible for acid rains. The first rain after summers in urban area always shows acidic nature of rainwater i.e. it shows a lower pH level than the subsequent rain.
4. Air pollution may be harmful to flora and fauna and to property.

Question 5.
Why is the urban waste disposal a serious problem in India? Explain any three reasons.
OR
Analyse three problems arising as a result of urban waste disposal.
OR
Explain any three problems caused by urban waste disposal in India.
OR
Explain any three major problems associated with urban waste disposal in India,
OR
Explain with examples any three major problems associated with urban waste disposal in India.
Answer:
Mismanagement and environmental problem related to solid waste have now become a major problem, in India, most of the solid wastes are not collected properly.

Impacts of improper management of solid wastes are.

1. Solid wastes are a threat to human health and can cause various diseases. It creates the foul smell and it harbours flies and rodents that can cause typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhoea, malaria, cholera and other diseases.
2. Solid waste can create inconvenience rapidly if they are not properly handled, wind and rainwater can splitted it and cause discomfort to people.
3. Industrial solid waste can cause water pollution by dumping it into water bodies. Drains carrying untreated sewage also result in various health problems.

Question 6.
Describe any three major problems of slums in India. All India,
OR
Analyse any three major problems of a slum dweller in India.
OR
Explain any three problems faced by slum dwellers in India.
OR
How do slums develop in India? Explain any four miserable conditions of the residents of slums areas. (HOTS; All India 2010)
Answer:
Slums are environmentally incompatible and degraded areas of the cities. These are occupied by the migrants who were forced to migrate from rural areas to urban areas for employment and livelihood.

But because of high rent and high costs of land, they could not afford proper housing and start to live in these areas.

Four problems faced by the residents of slums are as follows:

1. Slums are the least choice residential areas that have broken down houses, bad hygienic conditions, poor ventilation and does not have basic facilities like drinking water, light and toilet, etc.
2. They face various health-related problems such as malnutrition, illness and prone to various diseases. They are not able to send their children school to provide them with education, because of a low level of income.
3. Dwellers are vulnerable to drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism, escapism, apathy and social exclusion because of poverty.

Question 7.
How is the degradation of cultivable land one of the serious problems in India? Explain in any three points. (Delhi 2010)
Answer:
Degradation of cultivable land is one of the serious problems in India because:

1. The limited availability and deterioration of quality of land, both are responsible to exert pressure on agricultural land.
2. Soil erosion, water logging, salinisation and alkalinisation of land lead to land degradation which declines productivity of the land.
3. Natural and man-made processes, both degrade the quality of the land.

Question 8.
State any two major sources of air pollution in India. How is air pollution harmful to human health? Explain. (HOTS; Delhi 2008)
Answer:
The main sources of air pollution are a release of various gases such as oxides of sulphur and nitrogens, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead and asbestos by combustion of fossil fuels/mining and industries.
For the effects of air pollution,

The main consequences of air pollution are as follows:

1. Air pollution is responsible for many diseases that cause harm to our respiratory, nervous and circulatory systems.
2. Air pollution is responsible for creating a smoky fog over cities which is known as urban smog. It also has negative effects on human health.
3. Air pollution is also responsible for acid rains. The first rain after summers in urban area always shows acidic nature of rainwater i.e. it shows a lower pH level than the subsequent rain.
4. Air pollution may be harmful to flora and fauna and to property.

Question 9.
“ Indiscriminate use of water by increasing population and industrial expansion has led to degradation of the water quality considerably in India”. Explain the values that can help in maintaining the quality of water.
Answer:
Following values will help in maintaining the quality of water:
Creating Awareness Creating awareness towards our environment is very important. The government should try to make people aware of the importance of water.

Participation of Community By creating awareness and making community participate in saving water will help in maintaining the quality of water. Use of New Techniques It will also maintain the quality of water.

Value Based Questions

Question 10.
“The urban waste should be properly treated as a resource for various needs of mankind.” Explain the values that can help in changing urban waste into resources.
Answer:
The values that can help in changing urban waste into resources are as follows:
Creating Awareness Creating awareness towards our environment is very important. The government should try to make people aware of health hazard through piles of garbage that may be around their locality.

When these wastes carelessly handle, they spread by wind and splattered through rainwater, thus cause many diseases. Participation of Community By creating awareness, the government wants people to come forward and give their helping hand to manage and dispose of urban waste properly. Use New Techniques There is a need to use improved quality control and process monitoring for garbage management.

For e.g. scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the beginning of the manufacturing line so that they do not become a waste product.