NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 12 | FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | CHAPTER- 7 | TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 7 TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES

Question 1.
Give the meaning of the digital divide.
Answer:
A digital divide is an economic and social inequality arising in the countries due to unequal access and use of knowledge or Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

Question 2.
Explain any three characteristics of quaternary activities.
Answer:
The three characteristics of quaternary activities are as follows:

1. Quaternary activities centre around research and development and may be seen as an advanced form of services involving specialised knowledge and technical skills.
2. Quaternary activities involve the collection, production and dissemination of information.
3. Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment or necessarily localised by markets.

Question 3.
Explain any three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world.

Answer:
The three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world are as follows:

1. Periodical markets in rural areas are found where there are no regular markets. Local periodical markets are organised at different intervals.
2. These may be weekly, bi-weekly markets and people from the surrounding areas meet their demand.
3. These markets are held on specific days and move from one place to another. The shopkeepers thus, remain busy on all the days while a large area is served by them.

Question 4.
What are the two factors affecting tourism in the world? Explain each factor with example. Answer:
The two factors affecting tourism in the world are:
Demand It is the prime factor for tourism. For last few centuries, the demand for recreational and entertainment related activities have increased significantly. The living of the people is being standardised and the nature of work is creating demand for tourism.

Transport The second important factor that affects the tourism sector is transport. The development in transport sector increases the demand for tourism. The easy accessibility to tourist locations and places encourages people to move or visit there. The expansion of air and rail network in the last decade has influenced tourism in increasing the number of tourists. Apart from this, the improvement in infrastructure as tourist spots has also increased demand for tourism.

Question 5.
‘Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in several countries.’ Analyse the statement with three suitable examples.
Answer:
Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centres in India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica. It has created new jobs in these countries. Outsourcing is coming to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available. These are also out-migrating countries. But with the work available in the form of outsourcing, the migration from these countries has come down.

This can be explained through these examples:

1. The Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO) industry includes research and development, e-learning, business research, etc.
2. The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry involves highly skilled workers. It is information driven knowledge outsourcing.
3. Data processing is another IT related service that employs large number of people in Asian countries.

Question 6.
How does the climate of a region attract tourists? Explain with examples from different regions of the world.
Answer:
The climatic conditions of any region decide the demand for tourism. The climate of a region attracts tourists in the following ways:

1. People from colder places want to visit warm places as tourist. That’s why the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature, sunny days and less rainfall attract tourists from Europe.
2. People from warmer regions love to visit colder places. That’s why tourists from Northern plains of India prefer to go to tourist places located in the Himalayan region or other hill stations.
3. Climatic conditions of a region also provide some adventurous activities to do and attract tourists, e.g. ice skating and skiing in snowy regions, sea surfing on beaches, etc.

Question 7.
Compare the features of rural and urban marketing centres of the world in three points. Answer:
Comparison between the features of rural and urban marketing centres are given below:

Basis	Rural Marketing Centres	Urban Marketing Centres
Serving area	They provide services to nearby settlements.	They serve the needs of a large area as compared to rural marketing centres.
Nature of services	They sen/e as trading centres of quasi-urban type. Personal and professional services are not well-developed here.	They provide specialised urban services. They provide ordinary goods and services as well as many of the specialised goods and services.
Types of services	They are local collecting and distributing centres. Most of these have mandis (wholesale markets) and also retailing areas.	Urban centres offer manufactured goods, as well as many specialised markets, develop, e.g. markets for labour, housing, semi or finished products, services of educational institutions and professionals such as teachers, lawyers, physicians, etc.

5 Marks Questions

Question 8.
What is tourism? Analyse any four tourist attractions in the world.
OR
Define the term tourism. Explain any four factors which attract tourists in the world.
Answer:
Tourism is travel which is done for the purpose of recreation rather than business. It is one of the largest sectors of tertiary activities in terms of providing employment. It also generates the largest revenue. The four factors which attract tourists in the world are as follows:

Climate The climatic conditions of any region decide the demand for tourism. People from colder places want to visit warm places and vice versa. People from hilly terrain want to visit beaches and people living around sea-shore wish to visit hilly areas, e.g. the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature during winters attract tourists from Europe.

Landscape Attractive environment like mountains, lakes, spectacular sea coasts and landscapes not completely altered by man are important tourist destinations.

History and Art The archaeological site attracts more people because of its rich past. The area with historical remains like castles, forts, battle fields, palaces, religious monuments, excavation sites are tourist attractions.

Culture and Economy For experiencing ethnic and local customs, tourists like to visit a place. Besides, if a region provides the needs of tourists at a cheap cost, it is likely to become very popular.

Question 9.
What is medical tourism? Explain the scope of medical services for overseas patients in India.
Answer:
When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity, it leads itself to what is commonly known as medical tourism. The scope of medical tourism for overseas patients in India is as follows:

1. In 2005, about 55,000 patients from USA visited India for treatment. In this way, India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world.
2. It bring foreign currency to India.
3. World class hospitals with latest technology are located in metropolitan cities of India. These hospitals cater to patients all over the world.
4. This kind of tourism brings abundant benefits to developing countries like India. Therefore, medical tourism has wide scope in India.

Question 10.
‘Services are very important aspect for economic development of a country.’ Analyse the statement by explaining five components of a service sector.
Answer:
Service sector is very important for the development of economy in the world. It is related to all kinds of services like education, health, welfare, business services, etc in exchange of payments. This sector also provides employment to a large number of people.

The major components of services are:

• Business services like advertising, legal services, public relations and counselling.
• Finance, insurance and real estate includes banking services.
• Wholesale and retail trading with the producers and consumers.
• Transport and communication such as railway, roadway, shipping, airline services, etc.
• Entertainment and mass media such as television, radio, films, magazines and newspapers.