NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 12 | FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | CHAPTER- 1 | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (NATURE AND SCOPE) | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 1 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (NATURE AND SCOPE) NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (NATURE AND SCOPE)

Question 1.
Which are the three core points of the definition of the human geography given by Ellen Sample?
Answer:
The core concerns of geography as a discipline are as follows:

• Changing the relationship between the unresting man and unstable Earth.
• Man is active and unresting.
• Emphasised on determinism.

Question 2.
“Nature and human beings are so intricately intertwined that they cannot be separated.” Justify the statement.
OR
“Nature and humans are inseparable elements”. Justify the statement with suitable examples.
Answer:
Nature and human beings cannot be separated as they are inseparable because man became social, economic and technologically advanced. He broadened his nature by creating his own environment through his design and skill to have provision for better food, shelter, access and comfort.

Both nature and humans are described metaphors using symbols from the human anatomy like we often talk of the face of the earth, an eye of a storm, mouth of the river, snout (nose) of the glacier, neck of the isthmus and profile of the soil.

All the above nicknames are given by humans to the natural.phenomenas. By doing so, a human can interact easily with nature. All these physical features are described as an organism and man-made structure like road, railways and waterways have been described as arteries of circulation.

Question 3.
“The knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop a technology.” Support this statement by giving three examples.
OR
How is the knowledge of nature important to develop technology? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer:
Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. It is not so important to know what human beings produce and create, but it is extremely important to know with the help of what tools and techniques do they produce and create.

Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed a better understanding of natural laws, e.g. the understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us to discover fire. Similarly, understanding the secrets of DNA and genetics helped us to conquer many diseases. We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes. Thus, knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop a technology.

Question 4.
What is the subject matter of the study of human geography? Explain any three facts.
Answer:
The subject matter of the study of human geography is as follows:
To Understand the Inter-relationship There is a close relationship between the physical/natural environment and the human world, so human geography studies and establishes that relation.

Study the Spatial Distribution Human geography also studies the spatial distribution of human phenomena.

Social and Economic Variations The subject matter is also concerned about studying the social and economic differences between different parts of the world.

Question 5.
Explain with examples of how nature gets humanised.
Answer:
Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed a better understanding of natural laws. For example, the understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us to discover fire. Similarly, understanding the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to overcome diseases.

With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. All these modem technologies help humans to construct dams, reservoirs, canals, etc. Weather modified programmes help in cloud seeding to induce precipitation, fogs, checking of hailstorms, nuclear programmes etc.

Thus human moved from a state of necessity to a state of freedom and created possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. In this way, nature gets humanised.

Question 6.
“There is mutual interaction between the elements of physical geography and Human Geography.” Support the statement with suitable examples,
Answer:
Physical geography includes natural environment like landforms, climate, flora and fauna. Human geography includes the inter-relationship between human beings and the physical environment. Humans through the use of technology create the socio-cultural environment of the cultural landscape. These creations are the action of mutual interaction between physical and human geography.

For instance, on highlands, health resorts are created, oceanic routes are discovered on the surface of the oceans, houses in villages and cities are made to use the physical environment in a better way. These examples show that there is mutual interaction between the two.

Question 7.
Explain the concept of ‘possibilism’, with three suitable examples.
Answer:
The concept of possibilism was propounded by Lucian Febure who described that there are no necessities, but possibilities everywhere and man is referred to as a master of these possibilities who judge their use. Man can adapt, adjust and modify the forces of his physical environment with his strength. His imprints could be seen everywhere.

For instance, a health resort on highlands, huge urban sprawls (spread) fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the space.

Question 8.
Define ‘Human Geography’ in your own words. Mention any four fields of Human Geography.
Answer:
Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and the socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other. It attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and space they occur over.
The different fields of human geography are as follows:

Social Geography It is a field of human geography which is connected with social sciences and sociology. Its sub-fields are behavioural geography, a geography of social well being, historical, medical geography, etc.

Urban Geography It is a field of human geography connected with urban studies and planning.

Political Geography It is a field of human geography connected with science. Its sub-fields are electoral geography, military geography, etc.

Population Geography It is a field of human geography connected with the demography.

Question 9.
Define ‘Human geography’. Give four examples of elements of material culture created by humans, using the resources provided by nature.
Answer:
Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and the socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other. It attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and space they occur over.

An element of the physical environment are landforms, soils, climate, water, natural vegetation, rivers, flora and fauna, etc.

Example of elements of material culture created by humans, after using the resources provided by nature are as follows:

• Furniture from tree wood.
• Machines using iron ore.
• Houses using stone and soil.
• Clothes from cotton.

Question 10.
Explain the concept of ‘Determinism’ with suitable examples.
OR
What is the meaning of environmental determinism? How did the naturalisation of humans lead to the development of this concept?
Answer:
The concept of determinism explains that human is a passive agent, influenced by the environmental factors that are physical factors like climate, flora, fauna, etc which determine the attitude of decision-making and lifestyle of human beings.

For instance, the Eskimos of Tundra adapted to the extremely cold climate. Their main food is whale, seals and walrus. They use animal oil for cooking, heating and lighting. They live in igloos. Whereas Samang and Sakai of Malaysia and Pygmies of Congo basin live in hot and humid condition. They live on vegetable, hunting and fishing.

Naturalisation of human means when natural is stronger than humans and therefore humans are controlled by nature. This type of interaction was between primitive human society and nature. At the time, forces of nature were stronger and humans struggled to survive in that environment. Humans were passive agents. This gave rise to the term environmental determinism.