NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 12 | CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | CHAPTER – 16 | CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing Chapter-16 CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Question 1.
Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics. (Delhi 2012)
Answer:

Antiseptics	Disinfectants
1. They are chemical substances which prevent the growth of micro-organisms and may even kill them.	1. They are chemical substances which kill micro-organisms.
2. They are safe to be applied to the living tissues.	2. They are not safe to be applied to the living tissues.
3. They are generally applied on wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Example : Furacin, soframycin, dettol and savlon, 0.2% solution of phenol.	3. They are used to kill micro-organisms present in the drains, toilets, floors etc. Example: Phenol (> 1% solution) and chlorine (0.2 to 0.4 ppm).

Question 2.
What are limited spectrum antibiotics? Give one example. (Comptt. Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Those antibiotics which are specific for certain diseases are called limited spectrum antibiotics. Example: Streptomycin for tuberculosis.

Question 3.
Name the important by-products of soap industry. (Comptt. Delhi 2012)
Answer:
Glycerol is the important by-product of soap industry.

Question 4.
Why do we require artificial sweetening agents? (Comptt. All India 2012)
Answer:
To reduce calorie intake and to protect teeth from decaying, we need artificial sweetners.

Question 5.
What are food preservatives? Name two such substances. (All India 2012)
Answer:
Food preservatives : Food preservatives are the compounds which prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth.
Two substances : Example : Sodium benzoate, vinegar.

Question 6.
Explain the cleaning action of soap. Why do soaps not work in hard water? (All India 2012)
Answer:
Cleaning action of soap : The cleansing action of soap is due to the fact that soap molecules form micelles around the oil droplets in such a way that hydrophobic part of stearate ions is in the oil droplet and hydrophilic part projects out of the grease droplet like the bristles. Since the polar groups can interact with water, the oil droplet surrounded by stearate ions is now pulled in water and removed from the dirty surface. Thus soap helps in emulsification and washing away of oils and fats.

Reason : Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions. These ions form insoluble Ca and Mg salts. These salts act as scum. The insoluble scum sticks on the clothes, so the cleaning capacity of soap is reduced when Na or K soaps are dissolved in hard water.

Question 7.
Explain the following terms with suitable examples :
(a) Cationic detergents
(b) Anionic detergents (Comptt. Delhi 2013)
Answer:
(a) Cationic detergents :
(i) Cationic detergents : They are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions and the cationic part possess a long hydrocarbon chain, and a positive charge on nitrogen atom. Therefore they are called cationic detergents.

(b) Anionic detergents : Those detergents in which large part of their molecules are anions and used in cleansing action, are called anionic detergents.
Example : Sodium alkyl sulphates These are obtained from long straight chain alcohols containing 12-18 carbon atoms by treatment with cone. H2S04 followed by neutralization with NaOH.
Example : Sodium lauryl sulphate.

Question 8.
Explain the following types of substances with one suitable example, for each case :
(i) Cationic detergents.
(ii) Food preservatives.
(iii) Analgesics. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
(i) Cationic detergents : They are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions and the cationic part possess a long hydrocarbon chain, and a positive charge on nitrogen atom. Therefore they are called cationic detergents.

(ii) Food preservatives : They are used to prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth.
Example : Table salt, vegetable oils, sodium benzoate etc.

(iii) Analgesics : Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, in coordination or paralysis or some other disturbance of nervous system.
They are of two types :
(a) Non-narcotic analgesics Example : Aspirin
(b) Narcotic analgesics Example : Morphine

Question 9.
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each type. (Delhi 2008)
Antiseptics Disinfectants
Answer:

Antiseptics	Disinfectants
1. They are chemical substances which prevent the growth of micro-organisms and may even kill them.	1. They are chemical substances which kill micro-organisms.
2. They are safe to be applied to the living tissues.	2. They are not safe to be applied to the living tissues.
3. They are generally applied on wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Example : Furacin, soframycin, dettol and savlon, 0.2% solution of phenol.	3. They are used to kill micro-organisms present in the drains, toilets, floors etc. Example: Phenol (> 1% solution) and chlorine (0.2 to 0.4 ppm).

Question 10.
What are the following substances? Give one example of each type.
(i) Antacid
(ii) Non-ionic detergents
(iii) Antiseptics (All India 2008)
Answer:
(i) Antacid : Those substances which neutralize the excess acid and raise the pH to an appropriate level in stomach are called antacids.
Example : Sodium bicarbonate, Mg(OH)₂