NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 11 | PSYCHOLOGY | CHAPTER- 5 | SENSORY, ATTENTIONAL AND PEROECTUAL PROCESSESS | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 5 SENSORY, ATTENTIONAL AND PEROECTUAL PROCESSESSNCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION for Class 11 PSYCHOLOGY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These   can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION ON SENSORY, ATTENTIONAL AND PEROECTUAL PROCESSESS

Question 1:

Explain the functional limitations of sense organs.

ANSWER:

The functional limitations of sense organs of human beings refer to their limited range of stimulation. In order to be noticed, a stimulus has to be of an optimal intensity and magnitude. Thus, the stimulus has to carry a minimum value or weight. For example, our ears cannot hear very faint or loud sounds. Similarly, our eyes cannot see objects in very dim or very bright light.

Question 2:

What is meant by light and dark adaptation? How do they take place?

ANSWER:

Light adaptation is the process of adjusting to bright light after exposure to dim light. This process often takes a minute or two to be completed. Dark adaptation, on the other hand, refers to the process of adjusting to dim light after exposure to bright light. It may take half an hour or longer depending upon the level of exposure.

Light and dark adaptation takes place due to photochemical processes. Light adaptation takes place when the molecules of rhodopsin or visual purple in the rods of the eye get bleached or broken down, as a result of the action of light. Dark adaptation takes place when the light is removed allowing for restorative processes that regenerate the pigment in the rods with the help of vitamin A.

Question 3:

What is colour vision ?

ANSWER:

Colour vision is the ability of the eyes to see and distinguish between colours based upon their varying wavelengths in the visible spectrum of light. The vision of colours depends on the visible spectrum, which includes the range of energy detected by the photoreceptors. Further, the colours are a psychological property of human sensory experience. They are created by the interpretation of the information received by the brain.

Question 4:

How does auditory sensation take place?

ANSWER:

Auditory sensation takes place when sound enters the ear and stimulates the chief organs of hearing. This involves the production of cyclical displacements of molecules in the air. Auditory sensation refers to a subjective hearing of something, and audition is an important sense modality, as it provides spatial information and plays an important role in spoken communication.

Question 5:

Define attention.

ANSWER:

Attention refers to the process through which certain stimuli are selected from a group of others. It requires an allocation of effort. The objects that are at the centre are the focus of attention while objects that are away from the centre are at the fringe.

Question 6:

State the determinants of selective attention. How does selective attention differ from sustained attention?

ANSWER:

The determinants of selective attention are following:

• Motivational factors represent our biological and social needs. Instances of the same are the drivers strictly following all the traffic rules.
• Cognitive factors represent interests, attitude and preparatory set. For instance, an average teenager would be more interested in watching a cricket match than reading a novel.

Selective attention differs from sustained attention as sustained attention is primarily concerned with concentration and refers to the ability to maintain attention on an object for even for long duration. Contrary to this, selective attention is related to the selection of a limited number of stimuli from a larger group of stimuli.

Question 7:

What is the main proposition of Gestalt psychologists with respect to perception of the visual field?

ANSWER:

The main proposition of Gestalt psychologists with respect to perception of the visual field is that humans perceive different stimuli as an organised “whole”, which carries a definite form. According to them, the form of object lies in its whole that is different from the discrete parts. The Gestalt psychologist also believes that human perceive everything in an organised form because of the orientation of cerebral processes towards a pragnanz.

Question 8:

How does perception of space take place?

ANSWER:

Space is perceived in three dimensions. This is because of the ability to transfer a two-dimensional retinal vision into a three dimensional perception. Spatial attributes of objects like size, shape and direction, and the distance between objects also contribute towards the perception of space. While the images of objects projected on the retina are flat and two dimensional, it is possible to perceive them in three dimensions by transferring the two-dimensional retinal vision into a three-dimensional perception.

Question 9:

What are the monocular cues of depth perception? Explain the role of binocular cues in the perception of depth?

ANSWER:

The monocular cues of depth perception induce depth in objects when viewed through a single eye. They are also known as pictorial cues as they are used by artists to induce depth in two dimensional paintings. Important monocular cues are relative size and height, interposition, linear and aerial perspective, light and shade, texture gradient and motion parallax.

The binocular cues of depth perception are provided by both the eyes in three dimensional spaces. Their role in the perception of depth are as follows

Question 10:

Why do illusions occur?

ANSWER:

Illusions occur because of a result of a mismatch between the physical stimuli and its perception by the individual. The mismatch is caused by incorrect interpretation of information received by sensory organs. Illusions are called primitive organisations as they are generated by an external stimulus situation that generates the same kind of experience in all the individuals. Some illusions are universal in nature as they are found in all individuals. They are also known as universal illusions or permanent illusions because they do not change with experience and practice. Contrary to this, illusions that vary in different individuals are known as personal illusions.

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