NCERT Most Important Question & Solutions For Class-10 Chapter-1 Resources and Development (Geography) | Extra Question
The start of class 10 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 10 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 10 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 10 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 10 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 10 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.
1.What do you mean by ‘international resources’?
Answer
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone are international resources.
2.What are the factors which help in the formation of soil?
Answer
Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
3. What is Agenda 21?
Answer
Agenda 21 is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
4.What is resource planning? Give three phases of resource planning.
Answer
The phases of resource planning are:
• Identification and inventory of resources across various regions of the country. It involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
• Evolving a planning structure, endowed with appropriate technological skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
• Matching the resource development with overall national development plans.
Answer
Anything which can be used to satisfy our needs is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.
The resources can be classified into various categories:
• On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
• On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable
• On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
• On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.
Answer
Three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation:
• Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
• Proper management of waste lands and control of mining activities.
Answer
Three characteristics of Arid soils in India are:
(i) These soils range from red to brown in color.
(ii) These soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium content downwards.
Answer
The resources on the basis of exhaustibility are classified into two categories:
• Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
• Non-Renewable Resources: These resources take millions of years in their formation. Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of such resources. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
Answer
The soil erosion in hilly areas can be controlled by:
• Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
• Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces which restricts erosion.
• Strip cropping: Large fields are divided into strips and strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
Answer
It is essential to have resource planning because:
• Resources are limited in supply.
• Resources are unevenly distributed over the surface of the earth.
• Exploitation and over utilisation of resources must be checked.
Answer
The uppermost layer of earth is called soil. It is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
The four main factors which help in the formation of soil are:
• Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
• Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
• Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
OR
Provide a suitable classification for resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of such resources.
Answer
Classification of resources on the basis of ownership:
• Individual Resources: Resources which are owned privately by individuals such as plots, houses, plantation, pasture lands, ponds etc.
• Community Owned Resources: Resources which are accessible to all the members of the community such as grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds etc.
• National Resources: All the resources within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.
• International Resources: The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer
(i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil.
Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.
(ii) Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.
Three features of alluvial soil:
→ Alluvial soils are very fertile.
→ They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.
→ The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
(iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines, making use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water.
(iv) Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. For example, animals and plants including human beings.
Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer
(i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing, and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land used for other non-agricultural purposes such as housing, roads and industry. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.78% is covered by forests, and 3.38% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.
The land under forest has not increased since 1960–61 because in the post-independence era demand for more land to expand agriculture, mainly after Green Revolution, developmental works and infrastructural facilities, led to clearance of forests areas. Industrialisation and urbanisation also decreased the forest area. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.
→ Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, production increases ultimately leading to consumption of more resources.
→ Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again results into more consumption of resources.
→ Economic development provides favourable environment for the development of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around us into resources. Finally, it results into the consumption of new available resources too.
• Developed Resources: Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation.
• Reserves: The resources that have been surveyed and we can use them with present technology but their use has not been started are known as Reserves. For example: the water in the dams, forests etc.
→ Found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
1.How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur?
Answer:
In Palampur, about one-third of the 450 families are landless, i.e., 150 families. Most of them are dalits, and have no land for cultivation.
240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. Cultivation of such plots doesn’t bring adequate income to the farmer’s family.
On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size.
In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.
2.What are the ill effects of the Green Revolution?
Answer:
The ill effects of the Green Revolution are :
- The Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizer.
- Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.
- Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.
- Modern farming methods used under the Green Revolution have overused the natural resources base. Maximum forestland was converted into agricultural land.
- The Green Revolution was limited only up to few states like Punjab and Haryana.
3.What are the features of traditional methods of farming?
Answer:
The features of traditional methods of farming are :
- Traditional seeds are used in this farming.
- Irrigation depends upon monsoons.
- Wooden tools and equipment are used.
- Bullock carts are used to plough land.
- The production is done for family use.
- Manure and cow dung are used to increase the fertility of the soil.
4.What is meant by the Green Revolution? Mention some of its important features.
Answer:
- The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.
- As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.
- HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
- Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation, and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.
- Some of them bought farra-machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.
5.Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
Both fixed capital and working capital come under the category of physical capital which is one of the four requirements for production of goods and services.
(i) Fixed Capital :
- It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
- Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, etc.
- It includes tools, machines, buildings, computers, etc.
(ii) Working Capital :
- It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time at the time of production.
- Whatever money and raw material are required for production, are included in it.
- It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.
6.How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village?
Answer:
Palampur is a well-developed village because :
- This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering.
- The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses, some of which are of mud and straw.
- Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
- Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.
7.How is the required capital in farming arranged?
Answer:
- Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
- In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are, thus, able to arrange for the capital needed.
8.What do you mean by physical capital? What are the items that come under physical capital?
Answer:
Physical capital includes the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. The following items come under the category of physical capital:
(a) Tools, machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc. Tools, machines, building can be used in production over many years.
(b) Raw materials and money in hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.
9.Describe transportation, a non-farming activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:
- There are varieties of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
- Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport services.
- They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.
10.Discuss dairy farming, a non-farming, activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:
Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass, the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village.
Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.
11.What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Answer:
The biggest disadvantage associated with HYV seeds is the requirement of plenty of water and chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. Chemical fertilisers and pesticides degrade our environment by killing necessary bacteria in soil. Poor farmers can not afford HYV seeds due to increased requirement of fertilisers and machinery. New machinery replaced manual labour leading to unemployment and rural-urban migration.
12.Mention the main features of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The main features of Green Revolution are :
- Increase in the production of wheat and rice.
- Use of chemical fertilizers.
- Use of insecticides and pesticides.
- Use of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
- Mechanisation of agriculture. (Any three)
13.What are the essential four requirements for production?
Answer:
The essential four requirements for production of goods and services are :
- Land, and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals.
- Labour, i.e., people who will do the work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.?
- The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
- The fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.
14.Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE:
c. LAND USE (in hectares):
|
Cultivated Land
|
Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) | |
|
Irrigated
|
Unirrigated
|
|
|
–
|
–
|
26 hectares
|
d. FACILITIES:
| Educational |
–
|
| Medical |
–
|
| Market |
–
|
| Electricity Supply |
–
|
| Communication |
–
|
| Nearest Town |
–
|
a. LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
c. LAND USE (in hectares):
|
Cultivated Land
|
Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) | |
|
Irrigated
|
Unirrigated
|
|
| 200 hectares |
–
|
26 hectares |
d. FACILITIES:
| Educational | 2 primary schools and 1 high school |
| Medical | 1 primary health centre and 1 private dispensary |
| Market | Raiganj and Shahpur |
| Electricity Supply | Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. |
| Communication | Well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. 3 kms from Raiganj. All-weather road connects it to Raiganj and further on to Shahpur. Many kinds of transport like bullock carts, tongas, bogeys, motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks are present. |
| Nearest Town | Shahpur |
15.Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer
Farm workers at Palampur village get lower wages than the minimum wages fixed by the government. The minimum wages for a farm labourer is fixed at Rs 115 per day. But farm labourers get only Rs 70 – 80. This happens because of heavy competition for work among the farm labourers at Palampur village.
16.On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer
Savita required money for buying seeds, fertilisers and pesticides, and water for irrigation. She also needed money for repairing her farm instruments. So, she decided to borrow money from Tejpal Singh, a large farmer in her village. Tejpal Singh agreed to give the loan of Rs. 3000 at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months. He also got her to agree to work on his field during the harvest season for Rs. 35 a day.
NCERT Quick Revision Notes of Resources and Development
NCERT Solution of Chapter-1 Resources and Development
NCERT MCQs of Chapter-1 Resources and Development
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