NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 12 | POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-A CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION | CHAPTER- 9 | GLOBALISATION | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 9 GLOBALISATION NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE PART- A CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON GLOBALISATION

Question 1.
Explain any four economic consequences of globalisation.
Answer:
For definition of globalisation, Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.

Political consequences The political consequences can be understood through following points ;

• It decreases the role of state. It leads to market state rather than welfare state.
• It leads to the emergence of IMF, World Bank and WTO etc.
• Market factors influences the decision-making process of the governments.
• It has affected the traditional concept of state sovereignty.

Economic consequences The economic consequences can be understood through following points :

• It focuses on the development of some elite groups of the society.
• Economic globalisation enhances the disparities among the different classes of the society.
• It also increases the role of WTO, World Bank and IMF.
• Economic globalisation leads to consumerism which enhances the market’s role in society.

Cultural consequences The cultural consequences can be understood through following points :

• It leads to cultural dominance that is the dominance of Western culture.
• It also leads towards the unification of the culture that is cultural homogenisation.
• Due to cultural homogenisation, cultural globalisation leads towards cultural heterogenisation.
• It also leads to cultural colonialism.

Question 2.
Explain any three reasons for resistance to globalisation.
Answer:
For meaning of globalisation, Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.

The four reasons due to which globalisation is resisted are :

• Leftist parties argue that contemporary globalisation represents a global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
• Weakening of the state leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interest of its poor.
• Rightist parties expresse anxiety over the political economic and cultural effects.
• The cultural globalisation would harm age old values of people while harming their traditional culture.

Question 3.
Explain the positive impacts of globalisation on the present day world.
Answer:
Positive Impacts of globalisation are (any two) :

• Increase in the volume of trade in goods and services.
• It attracts private foreign capital investment.
• It creates new job opportunities.
• It raises standard of living.
• It increases production, efficiency and healthy competition.
• It attracts foreign direct investment also.

Negative impacts of globalisation are (any two) :

• Ths foreign companies focus on their profit orientation projects only in place of social welfare.
• It has widened income disparities by making the rich richer and the poor more poorer.
• Globalisation is also a reason for depletion of flora and fauna in country.

Question 4.
Describe any three effects of globalisation on the culture of a country.
Answer:
The effects of globalisation on the culture of a country are :

1. Cultural globalisation affects our food, clothes and thinking. But some times external influence simply enlarge our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional norms, e.g. the burger is no substitute for a masala dosa and therefore does not pose any real challenge.
2. In the same way blue jeans can go well with a homespun khadi kurta. Here the outcome of outside influences is a new combination that is unique. This clothing combination has been exported back to the country that gave us blue jeAnswer:
3. The culture of the politically and economically dominant society leaves it imprint on a less powerful society, and the world begins to look more like a dominant power wishes it to be.
4. This is dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of humanity for it leads to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
   So we can say that globalisation broadens our cultural outlook and promotes cultural homogenisation.

Question 5.
Describe any three effects of globalisation on the economy of a country.
Answer:
Following are the three effects of globalisation on the economy of a country

• Economic globalisation gives more importance to institutions like the IMF and the WTO.
• It involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world.
• As the restrictions imposed by different countries have been reduced, so, greater trade in commodities across the globe can be seen.
• It has led to the flow of ideas across national boundaries through internet and computer.
• Economic globalisation has also brought economic ruin for the weaker countries, especially for the poor within these countries.

Question 6.
Describe any three factors which are responsible for globalisation,
Answer:
For definition of globalisation
Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.

The factors responsible for globalisation are :

1. Globalisation is not caused by a single factor. Now-a-days technology is the most important element. The invention of the telegraph, the telephone and the microchip has revolutionised communication between various global factors and hence, invention of printing laid the basis for the emergence of nationalism. The technology affects both our personal and collective lives.
2. The technology has made it easier to exchange ideas, capital, commodities and people from one place to another. The transfer of capital and commodities is likely to be wider and quicker, than the transfer of people across different parts of the world.
3. It is not just the availability of improved communication which led to the emergence of globalisation, rather the role of people in different parts of the world is also significant who recognise these interconnections with the rest of the world.
4. The events taking place in one part of world have an influence, on the other part of the world.

Here, we can take an example of bird flu or tsunami, which is not confined to only one nation. It has affected the world as whole. Similarly, any major economic event would have an immediate impact on the local, national or regional environment at the world level.

Question 7.
Explain any three benefits of globalisation with examples.
Answer:
The three benefits of globalisation are as follows:

(i) Economic benefits

• It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
• It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
• The restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced.
• This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries.

(ii) Technological benefits Technological equipments as telephone , internet, telegraph and microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capitals and people to make convenient to move from one place to another at a fast pace under the process of globalisation.

(iii) Political Benefits

• The primary status remains unchallenged basis of political community.
• States have received a boost under globalisation to become more powerful and strong.

Question 8.
How has globalisation impacted India and how is India impacting globalisation?
Answer:
Globalisation affected India economically, socially and culturally. After adopting New Economic Policy in 1991, India has removed restrictions on imports of goods. It also encouraged the investors to invest in India. FDI to produce goods and services has increased, it also enhanced foreign exchange reserves.

After adopting globalisation, USA and European culture spread in India. The food habit and dressing style is changing. Families are converting from joint to the nuclear. Eating burgers and pizzas and wearing jeans have brought dramatic change in our lives.

In India, information technology and space technology have been enhanced after globalisation. India is also involved in trade and commerce with other nations. Even though at some places India plays a leadership role. However, in India, resistance to globalisation has come from various quarters.

These are as follows:

1. Trade unions of industrial workforce, as well as social movements and farmer agitation against monopoly MNCs, are also some forms of resistance to globalisation.
2. The patenting of certain plants like Neem by American and European firms has also generated widespread opposition in India.

Question 9.
Explain any four reasons due to which globalisation is resisted.
Answer:
For meaning of globalisation, Globalisation means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished.

The four reasons due to which globalisation is resisted are :

• Leftist parties argue that contemporary globalisation represents a global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
• Weakening of the state leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interest of its poor.
• Rightist parties expresse anxiety over the political economic and cultural effects.
• The cultural globalisation would harm age old values of people while harming their traditional culture.

Question 10.
Explain any two positive and any two negative effects of globalisation.
Answer:
Positive Impacts of globalisation are (any two):

• Increase in the volume of trade in goods and services.
• It attracts private foreign capital investment.
• It creates new job opportunities.
• It raises standard of living.
• It increases production, efficiency and healthy competition.
• It attracts foreign direct investment also.

Negative impacts of globalisation are (any two) :

• Ths foreign companies focus on their profit orientation projects only in place of social welfare.
• It has widened income disparities by making the rich richer and the poor more poorer.
• Globalisation is also a reason for depletion of flora and fauna in country.