NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 12 | POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-A CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION | CHAPTER- 6 | INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 6 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE PART- A CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION

Question 1.
What steps should be taken to strengthen the UNO?
Answer:
In order to strengthen the UNO following steps can be taken:

1. Reform of the organisation’s structure and processes. This step should be taken :
   • To increase the permanent and non-permanent member in the UN Security Council so that it can represent contemporary world politics effective and better way.
   • To bring improvement in the UN’s budgetary procedure and its administration.
2. Review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation. It will facilitate the following:
   • Greater role of UN in maintaining world peace and security.
   • Limiting the role of UN to develop¬ment and humanitarian work.

Question 2.
Explain any four reasons as to why India should be given a permanent membership in the UN Security Council.
Answer:
The four reasons suggesting that India should be given a permanent membership in the UN Security Council are :

1. India is the second most populous country which constitutes l/5th of the population of the world.
2. India is also the world’s largest democracy.
3. India actively participated in UN’s progrAllmes and played a material role in keeping and managing place and cooperation.
4. The regular financial aid to UN and evolution of its economy support India’s desire to be the permanent member.

Question 3.
Match the following organs/agencies of the UN and their functions:

(a)	Economic and Social Council	(i) Look after, administration and coordination of UN affairs
(b)	International Atomic Energy Agency	(ii) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies
(c)	UN High Commission for Refugees	(iii) Performs economic and social welfare functions of the member countries
(d)	Secretariat	(iv) Safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology

Answer:

(a)	Economic and Social Council	(iii) Performs economic and social welfare functions of the member countries
(b)	International Atomic Energy Agency	(iv) Safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology
(c)	UN High Commission for Refugees	(ii) Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies
(d)	Secretariat	(i) Look after, administration and coordination of UN affairs

Question 4.
How are international organisation helpful to the nations?
Answer:
International organisation can be helpful to nations following ways :

1. They facilitate plateform where different countries can cooperate for better living condition for all of us.
2. They help in managing the matter of war and peace.
3. They provide mechanisms, rules and human resources to the member states to deal with issues and problems of global concern.
4. They develop a sense of shared responsibility for shared problems such as terrorism, climate change, global warming etc.
5. They produce important information and conduct research which can be helpful for international society to have better understanding of state of affairs.

Question 5.
Trace the evolution of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. How does it function with the help of its structures and agencies?
Answer:
The United Nations was established in 1945 after the end of Second World War as a successor to the League of Nations. The United Nations Charter was signed by 51 states for setting up of UN.

Objectives of UN.
The basic aim was to achieve what League of Nations was not able to achieve during the two World Wars. The other objectives of UN are as follows:

1. Prevention of conflicts and facilitating cooperation Among nations.
2. To stop conflicts Among states resulting into war and if it takes the shape of war, to limit the effects of war.
3. To reduce the reasons for conflict by bringing the countries together for improving social and economic- development all over the world.

UN Structures and Agencies
UN includes many different structures for dealing with different issues. The issue relating to war and peace, and differences between member states are dealt by discussion in General Assembly as well as in the security council education. The other issues such as social and economic are dealt by a number of agencies which include :

• WHO World Health Organisation.
• UNDP United Nations Development ProgrAllme.
• UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Commission.
• UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
• UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund.
• UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 6.
Describe the two basic reforms of the UN on which almost everyone agrees that they are necessary after the cold war.
Answer:
As reform and improvement are fundamental to any organisation, there have been demands for changes in the UN from different countries.
The nature of reforms that are desired are of two types:

1. Reform of the organisation’s structure and processes.
2. Review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation.

The structural reform’s major area was the functioning of the security council. This covers the increment of permanent and non-permanent members of UN Security Council so as to show in better way the realities of present world politics. Whereas the proposed increment should be from Asia, Africa and South America. The another area of reform for UN was its budgetary procedures and its administration.

When the areas of jurisdiction are taken, some states and experts wish that the UN should have more role in peace and security missions whereas others wish to restrict UN’s role in development and humanitarian work like health, education environment, population control, human rights, gender and social justice.

Question 7.
Which three complaints related to the UN Security Council were reflected in the resolution passed by the UN General Assembly in 1992? Describe any three criteria that have been proposed for new permanent members of the security council.
Answer:
In 1992, with a view to bring reforms in the UN Security Council, a resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly.
The resolution was about following three main complaints:

1. The security council is not adequately representing the present political realities.
2. Decisions by security council are reflective of Western values and interests and dominance by a few powers.
3. The representation is not on an equitable basis.

In view of reorganisation, UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan initiated an inquiry into the ways of reformation of UN on 1st January, 1997.

After the years of inquiry, following criteria have been suggested for the permanent and non-permanent members of Security Council.

For criteria,
To be a new member following criteria should be fulfilled:

• It should be a major economic power.
• It should contribute substantially to the UN budget.
• Population of the nation should be high.
• Nation should respect human rights and democracy.
• The inclusion of that country should make the security council look more vivid in terms of geography, economic systems and culture.
• It should be a major military power.

Question 8.
Describe the composition of the UN Security Council. What is the major difference in the privileges given to its permanent and non-permanent members?
Answer:
Composition of the UN Security Council. The Security Council is an important organ of the United Nations Organisation (UNO).
It consists of five permanent members (China, United States of America, United Kingdom, Russia and France) and ten non-permanent members who are elected for a period of two years).

The selection of the permanent members were on the basis of their being powerful immediately after the Second World War and they being the victors in the war.
There is the major difference in the privileges given to the permanent and non-permanent members.

Privileges to Its Permanent and Non-Permanent Members The UN Charter gave the permanent members a privileged position to bring about stability in the world. After the Second World War the main privileges enjoyed by the permanent members are :

1. Permanency
2. Veto power

The non-permanent members are elected only for two years at a time and cannot be re-elected immediately after completing two years. They are elected in a manner so that they represent all continents of the world.

The non-permanent members do not have the veto power. When decisions are taken by security council, voting is done. All members have one vote. But the permanent members can vote in a negative manner so that even if all other permanent and non-permanent members vote for a particular decision, any permanent member’s negative vote can stall the decision. This negative vote is the veto.

Question 9.
Assess any six steps suggested since 2005 to make the United Nations more relevant in the changing context.
Answer:
The following steps were proposed to make the UN more relevant in the changing scenario :

1. Peace building commission will be created.
2. UN as an international community will accept its responsibility in case off failure of National Government to save their citizens from atrocities.
3. Creation of Human Rights Council (operation since 19th June, 2006)
4. Agreements regarding achievement of millennium development goals.
5. To condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
6. Democracy fund will be created.
7. Agreement regarding dissolving the trusteeship council.

Question 10.
How far did the UN perform its role successfully in maintaining peace in the world? Explain.
Answer:
The UN performs its role successfully in maintaining peace in the world. This can be justified from the points below :

1. US leaders, in spite of their frequent criticism of the UN, do see the organisation as serving a purpose in bringing together over 190 nations in dealing with conflict and social and economic development.
2. The UN provides an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies.
3. Although the rest of the world is rarely united against Washington, and it is virtually impossible to ‘balance’ US power. However, the UN does provide a space within which argument against specific US attitudes and policies are heard and compromises and concessions can be shaped.
4. The UN is an imperfect body, but without it the world would be worse off. Given the growing connections and links between societies and issues-what we often call interdependence-it is hard to imagine how more than seven billion people would live together without an organisation such as the UN.
5. Technology promises to increase planetary interdependence, and therefore the importance of the UN will only increase.
6. Peoples and governments also find ways of supporting and using the UN and other international organisations
   in ways that are consistent with their own interests and the interests of the international community more broadly.