NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 11 | POLITICAL SCIENCE | CHAPTER- 7 | FEDERALISM | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 7 FEDERALISM NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION for Class 11 POLITICAL SCIENCE which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION ON FEDERALISM

Question 1.
Define federalism. Why it is needed in a plural society?
Answer:
Federalism is a system of government in which powers are divided between the centre and the states. In a true federation, the states surrender their certain powers and create a centre to administer on the issues which are of national and international importance. On local issues the states Government administrate. Such a system of Governance becomes necessary in a plural society because a number of states are formed on the basis of administration convince.’The regional aspirations and centres of the people of such formed states are realised in federal aspirations of the people remain unfulfilled and unrealised. Therefore for a fuller development of linguistic and cultural aspirations, the federal system is necessary.

Question 2.
Compare the federal system of India with a federal system of the United States of America.
Answer:
India and the United States of America both are the federal systems of Government but both have a different system. The USA is said to be a true federal system while different people say differently about the nature of the Indian federal system. Followings are the difference between India and USA

1. In America centre is the creation of states while in India states are the creation of the centre.
2. In the Constitution of India, the USA is described as a federation. In the Indian Constitution, India is described as Union of States.
3. In the USA more powers are given to states. In India, the centre is given more powers.
4. In USA residual powers are with states. In India, residual powers are given to the centre.

Question 3.
Explain the unity in diversity in India.
Answer:
It is rightly said about India that India is not a country, it is a continent. There are more than 20 major languages and several hundred minor ones. It has several major regions of different geography and Culture. In climate changes after every twenty kilometres. In spite of all such diversities, we share many common values, history and ethos. We all fought for national independence jointly in which Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christians participated. We do not share common part only we cherish common hopes and aspirations. This has led to national leaders to visualise India as a country where there is unity in diversity. India in its last 60 years of journey of the post-independent period has stood the test of this slogan ie, unity in diversity.

Question 4.
Write the main features of a federal system.
Answer:
Federalism, as a principle of Government, has evolved differently in different situations yet there are some basic features which are generally considered essential for a federal system. These areas under.

1. Written Constitution & double Constitution
2. Rigid Consitution
3. The institutional mechanism to accommodate two sets of politics.
4. Two sets of identities and loyalties of the people to their region as well as their nation.
5. Distribution of powers between two sets of Government one at centra! level and other at the state level.
6. Bicameral legislative
7. Independent Judiciary
8. Double Citizenship
9. Supremacy of Constitution
10. Residual powers with the states

Question 5.
Write federal features of the Indian constitution.
Answer:
Indian society is a plural society so there is a plural polity in India. Followings are the main dominant features in the Indian Constitution on the basis of which we can term the Indian Constitution as a federal system:

1. Written Constitution
2. Rigid Constitution
3. Supremacy of Constitution
4. Divisions of Powers between centre and states.
5. Double sets of polity
6. Double set of loyalties of the people. One for their regions and others for the nation
7. Bicameral Legislature
8. Independent judiciary to settle the dispute between the centre and states.

Question 6.
Write the main unitary features of Indian constitution.
Answer:
Structurally Indian Constitution appears to be federal but there are some features in Indian Constitution which make it unitary. These are as under:

1. There is no word federation in the Indian constitution. Rather it is the union of states.
2. Unequal distribution of powers between the centre and states.
3. Unequal representation of the states in the upper House.
4. Emergency powers of the President
5. Integrated judiciary
6. President Rule in the states
7. Important appointment by the President
8. Governor as the agent of centre in States.
9. Single Constitution
10. Single Citizenship
11. The dominance of centre on Election Commission, Planing commission and NDC
12. The increasing role of All India Government Service

Question 7.
Write Legislative relations between the centre and states.
Answer:
Subjects are divided between the centre and states for this purpose three lists are formed which areas:

1. Central list 96 subjects (Parliament Legislates on their subjects)
2. State list 66 subjects (State legislative legislates these subjects
3. Concert List 47 subjects (on these issues central Parliament, as well as the state legislature, can legislate on their issue but in case of conflict central view will prevail)
4. Residual powers rest with the centre.
5. In Emergency Parliament can Legislate on any subject of state list
6. In President Rule, Parliament will make law for a state w. which President Rule is in force.
7. To fulfil international commitment Parliament can make law on a state subject.
8. Governor can refer to President any bill which is passed by the State Assembly.

Question 8.
What is President Rule?
Answer:
Under Art 356 of the Indian Constitution Governor can recommend President Rule in the state in the following circumstances:

1. If the law and order is broke down in the state
2. There is political instability in the state
3. No party has secured a majority for the formation of a Government and there is political hoarding
4. If the constitutional machinery has failed and the government is not being run according to the provisions of the Constitution.

It is the discretionary power of the Governor to see that such a situation has arisen or not as to warrant the imposition of President Rule.

Question 9.
Explain the executive relations between the centre and states.
Answer:

1. Art 257 of the Constitution says that the executive power of every state shall be so exercised as not to implode or prejudice the exercise of the executive powers of the union and the executive powers of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to- the government of India to be necessary for that purpose.
2. States will make their policies as per in tune with the policies of the central government.
3. During an emergency, the President may give any direction to the states as seems necessary. During an emergency, the administration of the states comes in the hands of President Rule because it becomes unitary in Emergency.
4. Governor is the agent of the centre and he can recommend imposition of President Rule in the state in the given circumstances.
5. All India Service (IAS and IPS other) control the states development and law and order.

Question 10.
Explaining the measuring bf federalism, discuss the features and nature of Indian federalism.
Answer:
Federalism is a system of government where powers are divided between the centre and states. It involves the territorial distribution of powers.

It is very much needed for a divine plural society. Since India is also a plural society, the Indian constitution-makers also introduced dominant features of a federal Government like the written constitution, division of powers between the centre and states, bicameral legislature and independent judiciary. At /the same time many threats were emerging for national integration. Therefore they introduced the provision for national integration and a strong centre.

They adopted the concept of the union of states which crates federal structure with the strong unitary feature. The concept of the union of states was adopted from Canada. The most important unitary, the feature is:

1. Unequal distribution of powers between the centre and states.
2. Residual powers are with the centre
3. Provision of Emergency powers for the President (Art 352)
4. Provision of President rule in the states Art 356
5. Integrated judiciary
6. Integrated bureaucracy and dominance of All India Services in the states.
7. Appointment of Governor by the President
8. Governor’s role as the agent of the centre.
9. Amendment powers are with the centre.
10. The dominance of centre over NDC, planing commission UPSC and Finance Commission and Election Commission;

Therefore India is a federal system with strong unitary feature^ on the basis of its working during the last 60 years. K.C. Where has termed as the co-operative federal system and Morris Jones has termed it a Bargaining system.