NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 11 | POLITICAL SCIENCE | CHAPTER- 4 | EXECUTIVE | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 4 EXECUTIVE NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION for Class 11 POLITICAL SCIENCE which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION ON EXECUTIVE

Question 1.
What do you understand by the dominance of executive leadership?
Answer:
In the parliamentary system, the legislature is formed mainly by the elected representatives because the political party who gets the majority, the leader of that party is called upon by the President to form the government. The parliament enjoys many powers even to pass no confidence motion against the Prime Minister and his Council as well as to remove them from their office. But in fact, the Prime Minister leads the parliament whenever he wants, can dissolve the Lok Sabha. Hence, it is considered as dominance of executive leadership.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the relationship between the President and the Prime Minister.
Answer:

• According to the constitution, the appointment of the Prime Minister is made by the President who calls upon to the leader of majority party to form the government.
• The President is the constitutional head while the Prime Minister is the real head of the state.
• The Prime Minster serves as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.

Question 3.
How is the President of India elected?
Answer:
The President of India is elected by the electoral college which consists of:

• Elected members of both the houses of parliament.
• Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states.
• The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Pondicherry have been authorized to be the part of Electoral College by 70th Amendment of 1992.
• The President should fulfill all the qualifications also as assigned by the constitution of India.

Question 4.
Distinguish between the Political executive and the Permanent executive.
Answer:

• Political executives are elected by the people through the process of elections where permanent executives are appointed by the Government of India on the basis of merits.
• The tenure of Political executives depends on the popular election in order to formulate policy and give direction to administration as long as they command the support of the electorates whereas the civil servants continue in service till they reach the age of superannuation.
• Political executives keep on changing after some duration but the permanent executives are there to cooperate with whichever leader comes in power by maintaining political neutrality in the discharge of their official duties.

Question 5.
Mention the situations to when a Governor can use his discretionary powers.
Answer:

• If any party does not get the absolute majority or the winning is unable to choose its leader, the Governor can appoint chief minister of his own choice.
• If constitutional machinery fails in the state, the Governor immediately sends the report to the President and he is not bound to consult with the council of ministers under such circumstances, he can work independently.
• If the President declares emergency in the state, the Governor acts as an agent to the president in place to act in accordance with the advice of council of ministers.
• If the Governor feels some bills to be contradictory to the Central Government, he can reserve this bill for the approval of the President.

Question 6.
In what circumstances, the President’s rule is imposed in a state? What role does the Governor play during this?
Answer:
Under the following circumstances. President’s rule is imposed in a state:

• If no political party gets the majority and formation of government in the state becomes quiet impossible then on the advice of the Governor, President’s rule is imposed.
• If the President gets information of failing of constitutional machinery in the state. Role of Governor: When a President’s rule is imposed, the legislative assembly is dissolved and all the powers of government come into the hands of the Governor who works as an agent to the President of India and the legislative powers of the state go into the hands of parliament.

Question 7.
What are the Emergency powers of the President of India?
Answer:
The President of India can declare emergency mainly in the following cases:

• If the President feels the internal disturbances in the country, external aggression due to war, an emergency can be proclaimed by the President when parliament has the authority to form laws and fundamental rights of the citizens are also suspended.
• If a constitutional machinery fails in any of the state and the state legislative assembly is dissolved and all the legislative powers of state go into the hands of the parliament.
• The President can declare a financial emergency also and may decrease the pay and allowances of government employees.

Question 8.
Write a short note on single and plural executive.
Answer:
Single Executive: Refers to a person who does not share powers with others as in USA. In the UK and other parliamentary form of governments, the executive authority is vested in the cabinet, a plural body but in fact constituting a singular executive. The British cabinet acts as a unit and goes out of the office together. It functions under the leadership of Prime Minister.
Plural Executive: Refers to directing authority by one single individual for a term but a group of persons have co-equal authority as the Swiss federal council consisting of seven Councillors and the chairman of the council is selected only for a term of one year and is merely the first among equals.

Question 9.
Describe the powers and functions of the President of India.
Answer:
The powers of the President can be summarised as follows:
Executive Powers:

• The President appoints the Prime Minister who is the leader of the majority party and the other members also on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The President appoints the high officials in India, i.e. Governors of the state, Lt. Governors of Union Territories, Attorney General, Controller and Auditor General, the Chairman and the members of UPSC, the Ambassadors or High Commissioners in other countries.
• The President of India is the supreme commander of the Defense forces. The President can declare war and make peace.

2. Legislative Powers:

• The President nominates 12 persons to the Rajya Sabha who are distinguished in the fields of art, literature, science and social service, as well as he can nominate two Anglo-Indian members to the Lok Sabha also.
• The President can summon both the houses, if there are some differences on any bill issued by the parliament, the joint session might be summoned.
• The President has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha before completion of its term and can order for fresh elections, but on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
• The President has the power to give his assent to the bill, because no bill passed by the Parliament can become an Act without the assent of the President. He has no power to reject the Money Bill passed by the Parliament.
• The President has the power to issue the ordinances during the intervals of the sessions of parliament which have the force of laws.

3. Financial Powers:

• The President has the duty to place the budget before the beginning of financial year by the finance minister on behalf of the President.
• Money bills can be introduced only in the Parliament on the recommendation of the President.
• The President has a full control over the contingency fund to spend it according to his will even prior to the consent of the Parliament.
• The President has the power to distribute the share of income-tax among the states.

4. Judicial Powers:

• The President has the power to appoint the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
• The President of India has the power to pardon, reprieve or commute the punishment of any criminal for whom he thinks to deserve pardon.

Question 10.
Describe the powers and functions of the Prime Minister of India.
Answer:

• The Prime Minister forms the Council of Ministers according to the capability of the ministers, he assigns duty to them.
• The Prime Minister allocates the department to the ministers and if he does not find the working satisfactory, can change the departments of the ministers.
• The Prime Minister presides over the meetings of cabinet, he prepares an agenda for meetings and controls it.
• The Prime Minister makes the appointments of state Governors, Ambassadors, members of UPSC by giving the advice to the President to appoint the same.
• The Prime Minister works as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers. No minister can discuss the issues directly with the President without the permission of the Prime Minister.
• The Prime Minister leads the cabinet in the Parliament as he explains the policy and decisions of the cabinet to parliament and if the President requires any information regarding the functioning of Parliament, he would demand such information from the Prime Minister only.