Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Q.1. Assertion (A) : Capitalist were against private property, and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
Reason (R) : Individuals owned the property that gave employment but the propertied were concerned only with personal gain and not with the welfare of those who made the property productive.
AnswerAnswer: (d) Socialists were against private property, and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Those who resisted Collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled.
Reason (R) : Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such cultivators sympathetically.
AnswerAnswer: (c) Those who resisted Collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled. As they resisted Collectivisation, peasants argued that they were not rich and they were not against Socialism. They merely did not want to work in collective farms for a variety of reasons. Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : Marx believed that to free themselves from Capitalist exploitation, workers had to construct a radically Socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
Reason (R) : He was convinced that workers would triumph in their conflict with capitalists. A communist society was the natural society of the future.
AnswerAnswer: (a)
Q.4. Assertion (A) : At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vast majority of Russia’s people were industrialist.
Reason (R) : Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of theproduction, but large factories existed alongside craft workshop.
AnswerAnswer: (d) At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vast majority of Russia’s people were agriculturists. About 85 per cent of the Russian empire’s population earned their living from agriculture.
Q.5. Assertion (A) : Liberals and Radicals themselves were often property owners and employers.
Reason (R) : Opposed to the privileges the old Aristocracy had by birth, they firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.
AnswerAnswer: (a) Industrialization brought men, women, and children to factories. There were many issues like long working hours, unemployment, housing, and sanitation, etc. These problems were common since towns were growing rapidly. Liberals and Radicals searched for solutions to these issues. Almost all industries were the property of individuals. Liberals and Radicals themselves were often property owners and employers. Having made their wealth through trade or industrial ventures, they felt that such effort should be encouraged. Opposed to the privileges the old Aristocracy had by birth, they firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.
Q.6. Assertion (A) : 22 February came to be called the International Women’s Day.
Reason (R) : On 22 February, a lockout took place at a factory on the right bank. The next day, workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy. In many factories, women led the way to strikes
AnswerAnswer: (a)
Q.7. Assertion (A): The Tsar dismissed the first Duma with 25 days and re-elected the second Duma within two months.
Reason (R): Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out.
➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (D)
Q.8. Assertion (A): Industrialisation brought men, women and children to factories.
Reason (R): Working hours were often long and wages were poor.
➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (B)
Q.9. Assertion (A): The Liberals wanted to Safeguard the rights of individuals against government.
Reason (R): They wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population.
➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (C)
Q.10. Assertion (A): Industry was found in Pockets in Russia.
Reason (R): Most Industry were the Private Property of Industrialists
.➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (A)
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