Chapter 2 Rights and Duties in the Indian | class11th | ncert quick revision notes political science

Class 11 Political Science Notes Chapter 2 Rights and Duties in the Indian Constitution

• Rights are the favorable conditions and guarantees to be provided by a state to its citizens to live up a dignified life.
• These rights can be categorized as Social Rights, Political Rights and Fundamental Rights to procure equality, liberty and social justice into society.
• Fundamental Rights are specially protected to ensure that they are not violated even by the government. Because these are protected by the constitution of the country.
• There are 6 Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Indian Constitution to its citizens:
  • Right to Equality
  • Right to Freedom
  • Right to Freedom of Religion
  • Right against Exploitation
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies
• Fundamental Rights except the Right to Life and personal liberty may be suspended only during the emergencies like foreign attacks or internal disturbances.
• South African Constitution grants most extensive range of rights to its citizens including even right to dignity, privacy, fair labour practices, healthy environment, adequate housing, information, etc.
• Indian Constitution contains Directive Principles of State Policy also to establish a welfare state along with the Fundamental Rights.
• The judiciary has the power to enforce the Fundamental Rights but the Directive Principles of State are not enforceable by law.
• By the 42nd amendment, in 1976, the Fundamental Duties have also been inserted which are ten in numbers to defend our country, promote harmony and protect the environment.
• The inclusion of fundamental duties has not changed the status of our fundamental rights.

Important terms:

• Rights: These are guarantees to citizens to live up a social life in a dignified manner.
• Duties: A performance towards others or society to enjoy rights.
• Constitutional Remedies: Protective arrangements to citizens by the Constitution against any exploitation.
• Exploitation: The act of doing injustice with others in any manner.
• Begar: A forced labour without payment.
• Minorities: These are the groups having common language or religion and in a particular part of the country or in a country as a whole, these are out-numbered by some other social sections.
• Marginalized Communities: Communities left ignored like Dalits, OBCs, Weaker sections,, etc.