Directio: The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1.) Assertion (A) : Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society should be preserved.
Reason (R) : Zollverein was formed to preserve conservatism
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Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false
2.) Assertion (A) : The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
Reason (R) : The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country.
Answer- (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3.) Assertion (A) : Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.
Reason (R) : Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against the contractors who supplied raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
Answer- (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
4.) Assertion (A) : Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian princely house.
Reason (R) : The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
5) Assertion (A) : Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason (R) : Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
Answer- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
6.) Assertion (A) : In France, were the ‘Bibliothéque Bleué, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.
Reason (R) : In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.
Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
7) Assertion (A) : In the areas conquered by Napoleon the reactions of the local population were mixed.
Reason (R) : Increased taxation, censorship etc. out-weigh the advantages of administrative changes.
Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
8.) Assertion (A) : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
Reason (R) : They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule.
Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
9.) Assertion (A) : From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason (R) : This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
10.) Assertion (A) : On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament.
Reason (R) : The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political rights to women.
Answer- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
11) Assertion : Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by personifying a nation.
Reason : they represented a country as if it were a person.
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Answer – (B) both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
12.) Assertion : Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.
Reason : During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven States.
Answer- (A) both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
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