SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION:
Q1. Does India need to have more than one standard time? If yes, why do you think so?
Answer
Yes, as per my thinking India need to have more than one standard time because there is a time gap of about 2 hours between the easternmost parts to westernmost parts of the country. The longitudinal extent of India is large i.e., 30° approximately. Therefore, we need to more than one time zones. There are some countries where there is more than one standard meridian due to their vast east-to-west extent. For example, the USA has seven time zones.
Q2. What are the implications of India having a long coastline?
Answer
Peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean. This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100 km in the mainland and 7,517 km in the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups Andaman and Nicobar and the Lakshadweep. This helps India in establishing close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast. However, it also forces India to have regular monitoring of coastline for the protection from external forces.
Q3. How is the latitudinal spread of India advantageous to her?
Answer
The latitudinal spread of India advantageous to her in many ways:
• The southern part of the country lies within the tropics and the northern part lies in the sub-tropical zone or the warm temperate zone.
• This is responsible for large variations in land forms, climate, soil types and natural vegetation in the country
Q4.While the sun rises earlier in the east, say Nagaland and also sets earlier, how do the watches at Kohima and New Delhi show the same time?
Answer
India follows one standard time for the whole country. 82°30′ E has been selected as the ‘standard meridian’ of India. Indian Standard Time is ahead of Greenwich Mean Time by 5 hours and 30 minutes. Therefore, while in Nagaland sun rises earlier and also sets earlier, but the watches at Kohima and New Delhi show the same time.
Long Answer Type Questions :
Q1.Size of India has endowed India with unique physical diversity. Substantiate.
Answer:
The size of India has endowed her with great physical diversity. The presence of lofty mountains in the north; large rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri; green forested hills in the north-east and south India; and the vast sandy expanse of Marusthali is very impressive. It is bounded by the Himalayas in the north, Hindukush and Sulaiman ranges in the north-west, Purvachal hills in the north-east and by the large expanse of the Indian ocean in the south. The Himalayas, together with other ranges, have acted as a formidable physical barrier in the past. Except for a few mountain passes such as the Khyber, the Bolan, the Shipkila, the Nathula, the Bomdila, etc. it was difficult to cross it.
It has contributed towards the evolving of a unique regional identity of the Indian subcontinent. Peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean. This has provided the country with a coastline of 6,100 km in the mainland and 7,517 km in the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups Andaman and Nicobar located in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. Thus India, as a country, is a physically diverse land providing occurrence of varied resources.
Q2.Explain in detail about size and extension of India.
Answer:
Total area of India republic is 32,87,263 sq. Km. From the point of view of area, India is seventh largest country of the world. Its population is 1210 million and it has second position in the world after china from population point of view. The mainland of India, extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west. India extends from territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles (about 21.9 km) from the coast. India lies entirely in the Northern hemisphere. The mainland extends between latitudes 8 4′ N (Kanniyakumari, Cape Caverian) and 37 6′ N ( Indira col, Jammu and Kashmir) and longitudes 68 7′ E (Dwarka, Gujarat) and 97 25′ E (Sadiya, Arunachal Pradesh).
Longitudinal extent of India is 68 7′ to 97 25′ E -(29 ). India’s land length is 15,200 km and it has a coastline of 6,100 km in the mainland and 7,517 km in the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups Andaman and Nicobar located in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea Thus India, as a country, is a physically diverse land providing occurrence of varied resources. India is located in the south-central part of the continent of Asia, bordering the Indian Ocean and its two arms extending in the form of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. This maritime location of Peninsular India has provided links to its neighbouring regions through the sea and air routes.
Q3.Differentiate the following:
(a) Gulf and Strait
(b) Gulf and Bay
Answer:
(a) Gulf and strait are two terms that are often discussed when it comes to geography. As gulfs and straits are both common features in seafaring. It is easy to confuse these two words. However, each feature has their own unique characteristics which in turn give them a unique purpose in the history of mankind.
- Meaning: A gulf is a large body of water almost encircled by land except for a small mouth that opens out to the sea. A strait is a strip of water that separates two lands or two large bodies of water.
- Use: Straits are used for navigational purposes and have played an integral part when it comes to shipping routes. Gulfs are more useful for human settlements, as such areas provide easy access to the ocean while being well protected as well.
- Association: Gulfs can be easily associated with inland bodies of water as well as the ocean. Straits are mostly discussed with regards to the ocean.
(b) Difference between Gulf and Bay
- A bay is not as enclosed by land masses as a gulf.
- Gulf is formed because of erosion of the rocks as water makes inroads into adjoining land.
- Gulfs take any form while bays are mostly oval or round shaped.
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