Chapter 1 Human Geography (Nature and Scope) | class 12th | quick revision notes for Geography : Fundamentals of Human Geography

Class 12 Geography – Fundamentals of Human Geography Quick Revision notes Chapter 1 Human Geography nature and scope

GIST OF THE LESSON:

·   Geography is a field of study is integrative, empirical and practical
·   it studies each and every event on the earth over the space and time
·   human geography studies the relationship between man and nature
·   Geo. can be studied through law making or descriptive

There are two approaches of geography

1. systematic approach
2. Regional approach
Vi physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using symbols from the human anatomy
Vii definition of human geography
Human Geography Defined
• “Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth‟s surface”. Ratzel
Synthesis has been emphasized in the above definition.
•“Human geography is the study of “the changing relationship between the un-resting man and the unstable earth.”Ellen C. Semple
Dynamism in the relationship is the keyword in Semple‟s definition.
• “Conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it”. Paul Vidal de la Blache

NATURE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Human geography studies the inter relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by man. 2. Elements of physical are land, water, soil, climate, vegetation, fauna 3. Elements of cultural are transport and communication, settlements, crops NATURALISATION OF HUMANS a. Man interact with nature with the help of technology b. It is not important that what he creates but with what tools he used to create c. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society d. Understanding the nature helps to create technology 1. understanding of friction and heat helped to discover fire
2. understanding DNA helped to eradicate diseases
3. laws of thermodynamics helped to develop fast planes
4. knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology and technology loosens the shackles of environment on human being .
5. the interaction between primitive society and nature is called ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM.

HUMANISATION OF NATURE

1. With the development of technology people understood the nature well
2. They move from state of necessity to state of possibilities
3. Human activities created cultural landscape
4. so it is called as possibilism

NEODETERMINISM/ STOP AND GO DETERMINISM

1.Developed by Griffith Taylor
2.It is a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism
3. the concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a condition of absolute freedom.
4. sustainable development is the main aim
5. The Neo determinism maintains balance between development and nature

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY THROUGH THE CORRIDORS OF TIME 

Schools of human geography
WELFARE SCHOOL
Concerned with social well being of the people a. housing b. Health c. Education RADICAL SCHOOL
Concerned with causes of poverty, deprivation and social Inequality BEHAVIOURAL SCHOOL
Given importance to lived experience, perception of space by Social categories STAGES THROUGH CORRIDORIES OF TIME.

PERIOD	APPROACHES	BROAD FEATURES
Colonial	Exploration & description	Imperialism and trade lead to discover many lands
Colonial	Regional analysis	Understanding of parts in totality would lead to understand the whole
1930- interwar	aerial differentiation	Find the reasons for the uniqueness of a region
1950-1960	Spatial organization	Apply technology to study geography
1970	Emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioral school	Emergence of sociopolitical reality with the help of schools
1990	Post modernism	Generalization and apply of universal laws to understand geography

Fields of human geo	Sub field	Sister disciplines
Social geo	—	Social science-sociology
Behavioral geo	Psychology
Geo of social well being	Welfare economics
Geo of leisure	Sociology
Cultural geo	Anthropology
Gender geo	Sociology, anthropology, women studies
Historical geo	History
Medical geo	Epidemiology
Urban geo	—	Urban studies and planning
Political geo	—	Political science
Electoral geo	Psephology
Military geo	Military science
Pop. geo	—	Demography
Settlement geo	—	Urban and rural planning
Eco. geo	—	Economics
Geo. of resources	Resource economics
Geo. of Agriculture	Agricultural science
Geo. of industries	Industrial economics
Geo. of marketing	Business studies, economics, commerce
Geo. of tourism	Tourism and travel management
Geo. of international trade	International trade