(d) All of these
Castor oil, Tulsi and Dhatura gives us medicines.

(a) Mustard
Oil yielding plants are mustard.

(a) Spider
Honey comes from beehives of honeybee.

(a) Honey
Honey is extracted by a honey extractor from beehive.

(c) Storage of food should be done properly
By storage of fruits should be done properly to avoid wastage of food.

(d) All of these
Our duty is that grow more food, should not get spoilt or eaten away by animals and not to waste food.

(b) sprouts
A small white structure may have grown out of seeds is sprouts.

(c) flowers
Bees collect nectar from flowers.

(d) year
Bees store nectar for their use all through the year.

(a) Milk, rice, sugar
Milk, rice and sugar are the ingredients of kheer.

(b) Rajasthan
Camel milk is used in Rajasthan.

(c) proteins
Eggs are the rich sources of proteins.

(d) beehives
Honeybees nests is called beehives.

(a) juicy
Fruits are juicy.

(c) much animals
The milk producing animals are called milch animals.

(b) Sugarcane
Sugar is obtained from sugarcane.

(a) plants
Parrot eats only plants product.

(b) Meal
Meal is a food eaten at a particular time of the day.

(a) nectar
Sweet juice is known as nectar.

(b) producers
Green plants are also known as producers.

(a) Lunch
Lunch is the food of day time.

(b) stem
Some plants grow under the ground and store food in them is called stem.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 

Food Variety

Question 1.
Define the term food.
Answer:
Eatables taken by human beings and animals which provide them energy for various activities, for growth and good health, are called food.

Question 2.
What do you mean by food habit?
Answer:
The habit of an individual owing to which it takes a particular type of food depending on its taste and availability is called food habit.

Question 3.
Define the term ingredients.
Answer:
The materials that are needed to prepare a particular type of dish are called ingredients.

Question 4.
Explain the importance of food for living organisms.
Answer:
Food is needed by all living organisms for the following reasons:

• It provides us energy to do various activities.
• It helps in growth.
• It helps in repair and replacement of damaged parts of the body.
• It protects us from infections and diseases.

Question 5.
Whether plants or animals give us more varieties of food? Explain.
Answer:
We know that animals give us meat, eggs, milk, honey and few other varieties of food only. On the other hand, plants provide us a large varieties of food. For example, cereals, pulses, fruits, oil, fats, vegetables, sugar and a large number of other products. Thus, we can conclude that plants give us more varieties of food.

Question 6.
Why should we eat cooked food?
Answer:
Cooked food is easily digested by our body. It also kills harmful germs. Cooking increases the taste of the food. That is why we should prefer cooked food.

Question 7.
Write the food habits of the people in Tamil Nadu and Punjab.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu: Idli, Dosa, Sambhar, Banana Chips, Coconut oil, etc.
Punjab: Lassi, Paratha, Pulses, Chapatis, etc.

Activity 1.
Ask your friends in the school about the items they would be eating during a day. See if you can also get this information from friends staying in different states of India.
List all the items in your notebook as given in Table 1.1, for as many friends as possible.

Activity 2.
Choose some of the items you listed in Table 1.1 and try to find out what ingredients are used to prepare these, by discussing with your friends and elders at home. List them in Table 1.2. Some examples are given here. Add some more items to this list.

Food Materials and Sources

Question 1.
Name the animals which provide us milk.
Answer:
Some important animals that give us milk are cow, buffalo, goat and camel.

Question 2.
Name the animals which give us meat.
Answer:
Some important meat giving animals are goat, sheep and pig.

Question 3.
Name some other animals that give us food.
Answer:
Besides milk and meat, animals give us useful food products. For example:

• Birds like chicken, fowl and ducks give us eggs and meat.
• Fish provides us meat.
• Bees provide us honey.

Question 4.
What are the two main sources of food?
Answer:
The two main sources of food are:

1. Plants: We get fruits, vegetables, pulses, etc., from plants.
2. Animals: We get milk, eggs, meat, etc., from animals.

Question 5.
Name two sugar producing plants.
Answer:
The two sugar producing plants are:

1. Sugarcane.
2. Sugar beet.

Activity 3.
Let us take the food items listed earlier and try to find out where they come from— the ingredients and their sources. Some examples are shown in Table 1.3. Fill in the blanks in Table 1.3 and add more examples to this list.

Table 1.3: Ingredients used to prepare food items and their sources

Plant Parts and Animal Products as Food

Question 1.
Write the names of the plants that provide us:

1. Vegetables
2. Fruits
3. Cereals or grains
4. Pulses
5. Oil or fat.

Answer:
Various types of food given by plants are as follows:

1. Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, spinach, potato, etc.
2. Fruits: Banana, grapes, apple, etc.
3. Cereals or grains: Rice, wheat, barley, ragi, etc.
4. Pulses: Gram, pea, beans, etc.
5. Oil or fat: Mustard, groundnut, sunflower, etc.

Question 2.

1. Which part of the plants do we eat generally?
2. Write the names of some more edible parts of the plants.

Answer:

1. Generally we eat fruits of many plants.
2. Besides fruits, we also eat flowers, leaves, roots, rhizomes and stem of some plants. Various edible parts of plants with some examples are listed below:

Question 3.
Name some plants which have two or more edible parts.
Answer:
Examples of plants having two edible parts, and the food obtained are given below:

Question 4.
What is honey? What is its importance?
Answer:
A sweet substance (liquid) prepared by bees from the nectar, i.e., sweet juice collected from flowers, is called honey.
Honey consists of water, sugar, minerals and enzymes. It is easily digestible, and used in medicines as an antiseptic (which destroys the growth of microorganisms).

Question 5.
From where does honey come? How is it produced and collected?
Answer:
We get honey from honey bees.
Production of honey: Honey bees develop their nests called hives on tall trees and buildings. (Fig. 1.2). Bee workers collect nectar from flowers and store in container. The honey bees are also reared in artificial hives.
Extraction of honey: Honey is extracted from bee hives either manually or with the of an artificial help extractor.

Question 6.
We know that every item that we eat is contributed by a number of persons. Show various contributors involved when we eat a chapati (through a flow chart).
Answer:

Question 7.
Make flow charts for the preparation of (a) ghee (b) honey.
Answer:
(a)

(b)

Question 8.
Which parts of a plant are eaten as food?
Answer:
The following parts of a plant are eaten as food:

• Roots
• Stem
• Leaves
• Flowers
• Fruits
• Seeds
• Spices

Question 9.
Define sprouted seeds.
Answer:
The germinating seeds at the initial stage when a white structure grows out from the seed (radicle) are called sprouted seeds.

Activity 4.
From all the food items you have listed in Table 1.3, choose those items whose ingredients are obtained from plants. Which part of a plant? Identify these and list the food items and plant parts as shown in Table 1.4.

What do Animals Eat?

Question 1.
Explain the terms:

1. Herbivores,
2. Carnivores and
3. Omnivores.

1. Herbivores: Animals which eat only the plants or the plant products like fruits, flowers, seeds, nectar, etc., are called herbivores. For example, deer, cow, rat, etc.

2. Carnivores: Animals which eat other animals are called carnivores. For example, tiger, lion, etc.

3. Omnivores: Animals which eat both plants and their products as well as other animals are called omnivores. For example, human beings, cat, crow, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about vegetarian and non-vegetarian habits?
Answer:
Man is omnivorous, i.e., he can feed on both plants and animals. But due to some religious or traditional reasons some people strictly avoid the food containing meat, fish, egg, etc., while some have no hesitation to have such food stuffs. On this basis, there are two types of food habits found in our society:

• Vegetarian – people who do not eat meat, fish, egg, etc.
• Non-vegetarian – people who eat meat, fish, egg, etc.

Question 3.
Define Scavengers, Parasites with examples.
Answer:
Scavengers: Some carnivores and omnivores eat dead animals. They help in cleaning our surroundings. For example: crow, jackel, hyena, etc.

Parasites: These are some very small animals which live on or inside other animals and get their food from them. For example: fleas, leeches, mosquitoes, bed-bugs, etc.

Question 4.
What are known as ‘energy rich food’?
Answer:
Cereals are known as ‘energy rich food’. For example: rice, wheat, jowar, maize, etc.

Question 5.
One day you were busy from morning to evening. You couldn’t have your lunch. How did you feel? Elaborate your experience.
Answer:
One day because of heavy load of work during the day, I could not have my lunch and at the end of the day, I felt very tired, and exhausted. I was too weak to do work. The hunger was in alarming condition.

Question 6.
Suppose one of your friends had only one chapati, some rice and one bowl of pulses for his daily meal. Do you think that by eating such meal he can work and play whole day?
Answer:
No, his diet is not complete. This food is not enough to provide sufficient energy required by him. He will not be able to work and play for the whole day because he will soon get tired due to lack of energy.

Activity 6.
Several animals are listed in Table 1.5. For some of them, the type of food they eat is also given. Fill in the blanks in the table.
Table 1.5: Animal and their Food

Activity 7.
Have a look again at Table 1.5 and group the animals entered here as follows. Place animals which eat only plants or plant products.

• Buffalo, cow and butterfly.