Chapter 7 Packing | Class 9th Beehive Most Important Questions english

Packing Class 9 Important Questions

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why did Jerome offer to pack?

Answer: Jerome, the narrator, took pride in himself on his packing. When, he along with his friends, George and Harris decided to go on a holiday, he offered to do the packing as he felt it would be an easy task.

2. The author had to find his toothbrush. What did he do to get it?

Answer: The toothbrush was the thing that always haunted the author while travelling. He had to unpack all his things to search for the toothbrush. He put the things back one by one and held everything up and shook it. At last, he found it inside a boot.

3. How did Montmorency, the dog, create troubles while packing?

Answer: Montmorency’s purpose was to disturb the work and got scolded for it. He poked his nose during packing as well. He sat on the things that had to be packed, put his leg into the jam, disturbed the teaspoons and destroyed the lemons thinking them to be rats.

4. Do you think the author packed better than George and Harris? Give reasons in support for your answer.

Answer: No, the author was careless in packing. He forgot to pack the boots, packed the brush before brushing, and also packed his tobacco pouch by mistake. This way, he kept forgetting the things and kept on packing and unpacking the luggage.

5. Were George and Harris good at packing? Support your answer with examples.

Answer: No, George and Harris were not at all good at packing. They broke a cup, and squashed a tomato during packing. George even walked over the butter while he was packing.

6. What did Harris and George do, when Jerome asked them to leave the matter of packing entirely to him?

Answer: Since Jerome asked Harris and George to leave the matter of packing entirely on him, George put on a pipe and spread himself over the easy-chair and Harris cocked his legs on the table and lit a cigar.

7. Write three incidents which made the ‘packing’ a humorous story. Describe the incidents in the order in which they took place.

Answer: Packing by three friends has made the story very humorous. They did many foolish things and unpacked the bag several times. The author forgot to pack the boots, he reopened it. Harris and George offered to pack the hamper. They broke the cup, walked on the butter and stepped on the things, upsetting everything. Tomatoes were squashed and Harris sat on the butter. Montmorency, the dog, added to the confusion by destroying the lemons thinking them to be rats.

8. While doing the packing, the author and his friends did many foolish things. Give the details of any four things.

Answer: The three friends were absent-minded, careless and confused people who carried out the job of packing in an unplanned way. None of them was a good packer. They packed things, forgot about them and again unpacked them to search for the things. They forgot to pack the boots, again unpacked to keep it and to make sure that the tooth-brush was kept or not, they unpacked while making a chaos of the things. They stepped on the things. They made a mess of soft items like butter and jam.

9. Who was Montmorency? How did he contribute to the packing?

Answer: Montmorency was the author’s dog. His purpose in life was to meddle in other people’s work and create trouble for them. He was very active and troublesome; had the habit of moving everywhere and troubling people around him. At the time of packing, he sat on the things when they were needed; got into the hampers, put his legs into the jam, ran all over the room, took lemons to be rats thereby spoiling them completely, disturbed the teaspoons and overall delayed the packing.

10. Do you find this story funny? What are the humorous elements present in it? Explain any three such incidents.

Answer: This story is quite humorous and funny. The funniest episode in the story is that of packing and especially Montmorency’s contribution towards it. Jerome got confused about whether he had packed his toothbrush or not. He unpacked everything only to find it in a shoe. Then, he packed his tobacco pouch and had to undo it again. They squashed tomatoes, sat on the butter. Montmorency’s contribution by considering the lemons to be rats and destroying them, leaves the reader in splits.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Who offered to pick the bag for the trip? Was he happy at his own offer.

Answer: The author and his friends decided to go on holiday. The author thought he was an expert in packing. He told his friends, George and Harris that he would do the packing. They at once agreed to his suggestion. George put on a pipe and sat in an easy chair. Han-is put his legs on a table and lit a cigar. The author had not intended this He was unhappy with himself for having offered to pack. He had thought that Harris and George would pack and he would boss over them. When he worked and the people around him relaxed, he was greatly irritated. At the same time, he could not sit still and see others working. He enjoyed getting up and supervising their work.

2. Describe how the author packed the bag for going on a trip?

Answer: the narrator started packing. It seemed a longer job than he had thought it was going to be. At last, he finished packing. But Harris told him that he had not packed the boots. He opened the bag and packed the boots in. Then, when he was going to close it, an idea came to him. He was not sure whether he had packed his toothbrush. So he unpacked the bag and took everything out but could not find the toothbrush. Then he shook everything one by one. At last, he found his toothbrush in a boot. He repacked once more. Now George asked him if he had packed the soap. He decided not to do the packing again. But he found Ile had packed his tobacco-pouch in it. So he reopened the bag and repacked it. He was able to co e packing at 10.05 p.m.

3. Of the three, Jerome, George and Harris, who do you think is the best or the worst packer? Support your answer with details from the text

Answer: Jerome, George and Harris are equally clumsy and disorganised packers. Jerome takes a lot of time to pack the bag and George and Harris damage a lot of things while packing the hamper. Jerome works all by himself and his friends work together but the end results in both the cases remain the same – a terrible mess. Jerome first forgets to pack his boots and then forgets having packed his toothbrush. After unpacking twice, he again packs in his spectacles absentmindedly. George and Harris take upon themselves the task of packing the hamper with quite an elan but break a cup at the very outset. They falter many times while packing the huge pile of assorted things like cups, bottles, kettle, pies, tomatoes etc. They ‘misplace’ the butter and spread salt over everything. However, all three of them finally complete packing and leave the readers splitting with laughter at their clumsiness.

4. How did the butter episode in the story cause nuisance?

Answer: The butter episode in the story caused a lot of nuisance as it was being handled by the clumsiest of people. First of all, George stepped over the butter and then he and Harris struggled to put it in the kettle but got stuck. The butter would neither go in nor could it be taken out. Then Harris somehow managed to scrape it and put it on the chair. A little while later, an absent-minded Harris sat on the chair and the butter got stuck to his back. Then the two boys started looking for the butter all over the place without knowing that it was stuck behind Harris’s back. After having toppled everything in their search for the butter, George finally noticed it behind Harris’s back from where it was removed. Hence, the butter episode created a lot of nuisance and became the funniest episode in the story.

5. Do you find this story funny? What are the humorous elements in it?

Answer: The story is very funny with loud and boisterous humour. The chaos and confusion created by all the characters amuse the reader. The gap between their self-assessment and their actual capabilities makes us burst out laughing. The dog’s contribution to humour is no less significant.

Jerome’s sense of pride in his packing skills and the manner in which he is left alone to pack the bag is very funny. While Jerome expected to use the opportunity for bossing over his friends, they make him toil instead. The frequent forgetfulness of Jerome and the subsequent unpacking of the bag many times over dilute his hard work and amuse the reader. Harris and George’s faltering and fumbling while packing the hamper is very amusing and rib-tickling. The manner in which they pile up an assortment of things and then fail to pack them properly amuse the reader. The butter episode, in particular, generates side-splitting laughter.

Montmorency, the dog, too adds to the humour with his habit of getting in the way of things. His indiscipline and animal-curiosity earn him curses and hits from his masters but he still manages to put his leg in the jam and chase lemons like rats. Hence, all these instances lend humour to the story.

6. When did the “horrible idea” occur to Jerome? Why was it a “horrible idea”?
Or
What fuss does Jerome’s toothbrush often create for him?

Answer: The “horrible idea” that occurred to Jerome as soon as he had finished packing in his boots was whether he had packed in his toothbrush or not. He was always in the habit of forgetting to pack his toothbrush.

The idea was horrible in the sense that it made him panic and grow restless. It would haunt him so much that at night he would dream that he had not packed the toothbrush. He would wake up in cold perspiration, get out of bed and hunt for it.

Again he would pack it without using it in the morning, which meant that he would have to unpack it again. And whenever he was fishing for it, it would be the last thing to come out of the bag.

After using it he would again forget to pack it and at the last moment would have to rush upstairs to fetch it. As a result, he would carry it to the railway station, wrapped up in his pocket-handkerchief. Thus, the toothbrush was a constant source of bother and horror for Jerome.

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Chapter 8 A Short Monsoon Diary mcqs & important questions | class 8th honeydew english

A Short Monsoon Diary MCQ Questions Class 8 English with Answers

Question. Name the arrival of some seasonal visitors heralded by the rain.
(a) Leopard
(b) Wild bears
(c) Thousand leeches
(d) Both (a) & (c)

Answer : D

Question. Who are the obnoxious visitors that arrive at the hill station?
(a) Leopards and leeches
(b) Drongos and minivets
(c) Drongos and leopards
(d) Leopards and minivates

Answer : A

Question. Monsoon rain is
(a) cold and unpleasant
(b) very small
(c) warm and humid
(d) hot

Answer : C

Question. Who was chopping up sticks?
(a) Woman
(b) Girl
(c) Man
(d) Farmer

Answer : A

Question. How did he describe the early monsoon rain?
(a) Cold and humid
(b) Cold and breezy
(c) Warm and humid
(d) Warm and breezy

Answer : C

Question. “Even as I write, I see a _________ forming.”
(a) Rainbow
(b) Cloud
(c) Storm<
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. Perhaps that’s what makes the mist so —–‘
(a) Melancholy
(b) Beautiful
(c) Exciting
(d) Dreadful

Answer : A

Question. For how many days they have not seen the sun?
(a) For to five
(b) Eight to nine
(c) Ten to fifteen
(d) Seven to eight

Answer : B

Question. During rains, for whom there is no dearth of food?
(a) Herbivorous insects
(b) Carnivorous birds
(c) Insectivorous
(d) All of these

Answer : C

Question. What do you mean by the word “ravine”?
(a) Rain
(a) Devine
(b) Plateau
(d) valley

Answer : D

Question. ‘The seeds of the cobra lily are turning —‘ signifying that the rains are coming to an end.’
(a) Yellow
(b) Black
(c) Red
(d) Blue

Answer : C

Question. Who came along with the minivets?
(a) A pair of drongos
(b) Some birds Some
(c) Insects
(d) butterflies

Answer : A

Question. Fearing whom does the leopards run away?
(a) Bijju
(b) Bijju’s sister
(c) Bijju’s grandmother
(d) Bijju’s mother

Answer : C

Question. “——- are lucky — They bring money!”
(a) Rats
(b) Cockroach
(c) Lizard
(d) Chuchundars

Answer : D

Question. All night the —- has been drumming on the corrugated tin roof’
(a) Storm
(b) Rain
(c) Thunder
(d) Lightning

Answer : B

Question. Which birds cannot conceal themselves?
(a) Drongo
(b) Scarlet minivet
(c) Cuckoo
(d) None of the above

Answer : B

Question. Which late monsoon flowers began to appear by August 12?
(a) Dahlias
(b) Ground orchids
(c) Wild balsam
(d) All of the Above

Answer : D

Question. Where do we go straight from monsoon season?
(a) Summer rain
(b) Spring
(c) Winter rain
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. Insectivorous birds are happy in the monsoon season
(a) as they get plenty of food
(b) because they breed in this season
(c) because they love water
(d) as the weather is to their liking

Answer : A

Question. ‘And the first —- rears its head from the ferns as I walk up to the bank and post office.
(a) Coneflower
(b) Cobra lily
(c) White Water lily
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. Name the most famous diary published as a book.
(a) Robert Scott’s Captain’s Log
(b) Samuel Pepy’s Secret Diary
(c) The Bunker Diary
(d) The Diary of Anne Frank

Answer : D

Question. ‘The blackest cloud I’ve even squatted over —–‘
(a) Mussorie
(b) Gulmarg
(c) Darjeeling
(d) Gangtok

Answer : A

Question. “. Ground orchids, mauve lady’s slipper and the white butterfly orchids put on a fashion display on the grassy slopes of __________”
(a) Valley
(b) Mussoorie
(c) Landour
(d) None of the above

Answer : C

Question. Who did the seasonal visitor lift from near the servant’s quarters?
(a) Dog
(b) Cat
(c) Leopard
(d) All of the above

Answer : A

Question. Name the lesson.
(a) A Visit to Cambridge
(b) The Tsunami
(c) A Short Monsoon Diary
(d) The Great Stone Face-II

Answer : C

Question. Name the arrival of some seasonal visitors heralded by the rain.
(a) Leopard
(b) Wild bears
(c) Thousand leeches
(d) Both (a) & (c)

Answer : D

Question. What happened on the first day of monsoon?
(a) There was a lot of rain
(b) There was snow everywhere
(c) Mist had covered the hills
(d) A cold wind was blowing

Answer : C

Question. Which female birds are yellow mentioned in this story?
(a) Drongo
(b) Cuckoo
(c) Scarlet minivet
(d) Dove

Answer : C

Question. When was the first day of monsoon mist mentioned in this story?
(a) May 20
(b) July 12
(c) Aug 5
(d) June 24

Answer : D

Question. This Diary is written by
(a) Michael Morpurgo
(b) S.D. Sawant
(c) Satyajit Ray
(d) Ruskin Bond

Answer : D

Important Questions for Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 8

1. How did the author describe the valley in one sentence?

Answer: The author described the valley as ‘A paradise that might have been.’

2. When was there no dearth of food for insectivorous birds?

Answer: There was no dearth of food for insectivorous birds when there were rains.

3. How do the hills look like in mist?

Answer: The mist in the hills provides privacy. Nothing can be seen. The hills are completely surrounded by mist making them silent. The birds sitting on the tree fly away to different places. As soon as the mist surrounds the hills, birds too fall silent.

4. What does the author’s grandmother ask him not to kill? Why?

Answer: The author’s grandmother asked him not to kill chuchundars because they are lucky and bring money. The author got the cheque on the very same day.

5. What is a diary? What do the extracts from Ruskin Bond’s diary portray?

Answer: A diary is a record of personal experiences/events that occur in one’s life. It is written day after day over a long period of time. The extracts from Ruskin Bond’s diary portray monsoon season and the changes that occur as the rains progress from June to March.

6. How does the author describe the first day of monsoon mist?

Answer: On the first day of monsoon mist all the birds suddenly fall silent and with it absolute silence is spread. The hills got hidden by the mist. The forest is deadly still as though it were midnight.

7. How does the author describe the scarlet minivets?

Answer: The scarlet minivets are seen during rainy season. They flit silently among the leaves like brilliant jewels. No matter how leafy the trees, these brightly coloured birds cannot hide themselves.

8. Why couldn’t the author sleep on August 2 night?

Answer: On August 2 it rained throughout the night. The rain had been drumming on the corrugated tin roof. There had been a steady swish of a tropical downpour. The author, therefore, couldn’t sleep.

9. What happened on August 12?

Answer: Heavy downpour started on August 12. The rain continued for eight or nine days. Everything got damp and soggy. The author had to stay inside during these days.

10. Name the flowers that you come across in the lesson.

Answer: Wild balsom, dahlias, begonias, ground orchids, cobra lilies etc.

11. Who are the seasonal visitors? How does the author describe them?

Answer: The seasonal visitors are a leopard, several thousand leeches and different kinds of birds. The leopard created nuisance. It lifted a dog from near the servants’ quarter below the school. In the evening, it attacked one of Bijju’s cows. The scarlet minivets flitted silently among the leaves like brilliant jewels. No matter how leafy the trees, these brightly coloured birds could not conceal themselves. There was also a pair of drongos. They looked aggressive and chased the minivets away. A tree creeper moved rapidly up the trunk of the oak tree, snapping up insects, all the way.

12. Sum up the main ideas of the author’s Monsoon Diary in about 100 word.

Answer: The writer was in Mussoorie, a hill station in U.P. The first day of monsoon brought mist. The birds got silent and the hills became invisible. On June 25, came the early monsoon rain. He described the hill station as A paradise’ that might have been’ to a school boy. With the onset of the monsoon one could see leopards and leeches and the colourful minivet birds. There was no dearth of insects for the birds to eat.

On August 2, it rained heavily and non-stop. The roofs began to leak. The rain stopped on August 3. The sunlight fell on the hills and the song birds began to sing. On August 12, there was heavy downpour and mist for more than a week. Everything was damp. Meanwhile wild flowers began to appear. August 31 saw the greenery at its peak. Snakes and rodents came out of their flooded holes and hid in roofs or godowns. Winter rain, hailstones and snow came on October 3. The author couldn’t go outside and he felt very lonely in his room. Late March saw the end of winter. He received a cheque in the mail.


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Chapter 1 The Best Christmas Present in the World mcqs & important question | class 8th honeydew english

The Best Christmas Present in the World MCQ Questions Class 8 English with Answers

Question. Where was football match played between both the armies ?      
(a) On the war field
(b) In a trench
(c) In a football ground
(d) In a garden

Answer : A

Question. What was the German doing?           
(a) Mending his rifle
(b) Doing nothing
(c) Waving a bottle
(d) Waving a bottle above his head

Answer : D

Question. What was Mrs. Macpherson’s the best Christmas present in the world?           
(a) Christmas cake
(b) Marzipan
(c) Jim
(d) Necklace

Answer : C

Question. Why did the author not buy the roll-top desk from the junk shop?      
(a) He did not like it
(b) It was very expensive
(c) It was not beautiful
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. Who wrote the letter?           
(a) Connie
(b) Jim
(c) Tommy
(d) Fritz

Answer : B

Question. First someone saw a —— waving from the trenches opposite.          
(a) White flag
(b) Hands
(c) Coloured flag
(d) Black flag

Answer : A

Question. The old lady prepared something for Jim. What was it?          
(a) A dish
(b) A pizza
(c) A pullover
(d) Christmas cake

Answer : D

Question. Whom did the author introduced himself in the nursing home?           
(a) Husband of Mrs. Macpherson
(b) Brother of Mr. Macpherson
(c) Relative of Mrs. Macpherson
(d) Friend of Mrs. Macpherson.

Answer : D

Question. The narrator bought the desk from a junk shop because            
(a) such a desk was not available anywhere else
(b) the author wanted an ancient roll-top desk
(c) its roll-top was in several pieces
(d) the narrator could not afford a new roll-top desk

Answer : D

Question. ‘That was the moment her eyes lit up’. What was the moment?          
(a) When the author called her
(b) When she saw the author
(c) When the author handed Jim’s last letter
(d) None of these to his wife

Answer : C

Question. The Christmas celebrations were initiated by     
(a) the British
(b) the Germans
(c) both of the above
(d) chance

Answer : B

Question. Who was fritz?              
(a) Name of the author
(b) The British soldier
(c) German soldier
(d) None of the above

Answer : C

Question. “I began work on it on Christmas Eve”. In the above sentence ‘it’ stands for             
(a) a junk shop
(b) the garage
(c) the roll-top desk
(d) the drawers

Answer : C

Question. Who was Jim Macpherson?    
(a) Connie
(b) Fritz
(c) Tommy
(d) Author

Answer : A

Question.What was the German doing?             
(a) Mending his rifle
(b) Doing nothing
(c) Waving a bottle
(d) Waving a bottle above his head

Answer : D

Question. Who did she think had come?     
(a) Jim
(b) Hans Wolf
(c) Her father
(d) Her brother

Answer : A

Question. The speaker of these lines is         
(a) the narrator
(b) the author
(c) Jim
(d) Connie. 

Answer : A

Question. When was the war between the British and the Germans took place?           
(a) 1920
(b) 1915
(c) 1914
(d) 1907

Answer : C

Question.Which day was being celebrated?           
(a) Christmas
(b) Diwali
(c) Holi
(d) Good Friday

Answer : A

Question. Why football can be played instead of war according to Hans wolf?            
(a) No one dies
(b) No children are orphaned
(c) No wives becomes windows
(d) All of them 

Answer : D

Question. ‘Same to you’ here means           
(a) Happy Christmas
(b) good feelings
(c) we are same
(d) we are fine.

Answer : A

Question. Where did the author bring the desk?           
(a) In his balcony
(b) Workroom at the back of the garage
(c) In front of his house
(d) Inside his house

Answer : B

Question. Who first approached Jim?              
(a) Connie
(b) The author
(c) Hans wolf
(d) None of them

Answer : C

Question. he author found a roll-top desk in a junk shop in ——-.       
(a) London
(b) Dusseldorf
(c) Bridport
(d) Dorchester road

Answer : C

Question. Who was a school teacher?           
(a) Hans wolf
(b) Connie
(c) Jim
(d) None of them

Answer : C

Question. The lady was not listening because           
(a) she was sick
(b) she was deaf
(c) she was too happy
(d) she had recognised the speaker

Answer : C

Question. What was written on the box?     
(a) Jim’s last letter
(b) Jim’s last letter to his friend
(c) Jim’s last letter written on Jan. 25, 1915.
(d) Jim’s last letter received on Jan. 25, 1915

Answer : D

Question. In which year Yuri A Gagarin became the first human to orbit the earth?
(a) 13th April, 1961
(b) 12th April, 1960
(c) 14th April, 1960
(d) 12th April, 1961

Answer : D

Question. What was the speaker’s reaction when he realises that it wasn’t a trick ?            
(a) He was ashamed
(b) He gets very angry
(c) He was embarrassed
(d) He began to cry

Answer : A

Question.Who did she think had come ?        
(a) Jim
(b) Hans Wolf
(c) Her father
(d) Her brother

Answer : A

Important Questions Class 8 English Honeydew Chapter 1

1. Where did the author find the letter?

Answer: The author had bought a very old roll-top desk. Inside its drawer there was a secret drawer. The author found the letter inside it.

2. How did the German and the British soldiers celebrate Christmas?

Answer: The German and the British soldiers forgot their enmity. They smoked, drank and ate together, they sang and played a match of football with each other and finally went to their trenches.

3. How did the author find Jim’s letter? What did it contain?

Answer: The author found Jim’s letter in the small black tin box, put in the drawer of an old table. Jim’s letter was addressed to his wife. He was a British soldier but he was glad to have celebrated Christmas together with the German soldiers. He put it down in the letter and promised to come back home on Christmas.

4. Jim talks about an incident that had just happened at the front. What was it? 

Answer: England and Germany were at war with each other. The British soldiers were waiting to shoot the German soldiers. But on Christmas, a strange development took place. The German soldiers came out of their hiding places and called out ‘Happy Christmas’. They were unarmed and they waved a white flag. The British soldiers led by captain Jim Macpherson agreed to celebrate the festival together.

5. Who are Fritz and Tommy in the story?

Answer: Fritz and Tommy are the names given to the German and the British soldiers respectively.

6. Describe in brief the author’s meeting with Connie.

Answer: Connie or Mrs Macpherson was 101 years old. When the author took Jim’s letter to her in a nursing home she became very excited. Her eyes lit up and she mistook the author for her husband. She kissed his cheek. She said that she had been reading his letter every day. But she wanted to hear his voice. She had made a Christmas cake also for him as he had promised to come home. She thought that he was back home. She called his presence at home as the best Christmas present for her in the world.

7. What had happened to Mrs. Macpherson? Describe her condition.

Answer: Mrs. Macpherson lived alone after her husband (Jim Macpherson) went to join the British army during the First World War. One day her house caught fire. But she was saved by the firemen. From then she had been in a nursing home for treatment. She had grown extremely old and couldn’t walk on herself. And her life got confined to a wheelchair.

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Chapter 7 क्या निराश हुआ जाए ncert solution hindi | class 8th

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 7 क्या निराश हुआ जाए

प्रश्न-अभ्यास

Question 1:
लेखक ने स्वीकार किया है कि लोगों ने उन्हें भी धोखा दिया है फिर भी वह निराश नहीं हैं। आपके विचार से इस बात का क्या कारण हो सकता है?

Solution:
लेखक ने अपने व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों का वर्णन करते हुए कहा है कि उसने धोखा भी खाया है परंतु बहुत कम स्थलों पर विश्वासघात नाम की चीज मिलती है। पर उसका मानना है कि अगर वो इन धोखों को याद रखेगा तो उसके लिए विश्वास करना बेहद कष्टकारी होगा और ऐसी घटनाएँ भी बहुत कम नहीं हैं जब लोगों ने अकारण उनकी सहायता की है, निराश मन को ढाँढस दिया है और हिम्मत बँधाई है।
टिकट बाबू द्वारा बचे हुए पैसे लेखक को लौटाना, बस कंडक्टर द्वारा दूसरी बस व बच्चों के लिए दूध लाना आदि ऐसी घटनाएँ हैं। इसलिए उसे विश्वास है कि समाज में मानवता, प्रेम, आपसी सहयोग समाप्त नहीं हो सकते।

Question 2:
दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश करना कब बुरा रूप ले सकता है?

Solution:
दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश करना तब बुरा रूप ले सकता है जब हम किसी के आचरण के गलत पक्ष को उद्घाटित करके उसमें रस लेते है या जब हमारे ऐसा करने से वे लोग उग्र रूप धारण कर किसी को हानि पहुँचाए।

Question 3:
आजकल के बहुत से समाचार पत्र या समाचार चैनल ‘दोषों का पर्दाफ़ाश’ कर रहे हैं। इस प्रकार के समाचारों और कार्यक्रमों की सार्थकता पर तर्क सहित विचार लिखिए?

Solution:
इस प्रकार के पर्दा फाश से समाज में व्याप्त बुराईयों से, अपने आस-पास के वातावरण तथा लोगों से अवगत हो जाते हैं और इसके कारण समाज में जागरूकता भी आती है साथ ही समाज समय रहते ही सचेत और सावधान हो जाता हैं।

Question 4:
निम्नलिखित के संभावित परिणाम क्या-क्या हो सकते हैं? आपस में चर्चा कीजिए, जैसे – ”ईमानदारी को मूर्खता का पर्याय समझा जाने लगा है। ”परिणाम-भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ेगा।

  1. ”सच्चाईकेवल भीरु और बेबस लोगों के हिस्से पड़ी है।” ………………..
  2. ”झूठ और फरेब का रोज़गार करनेवाले फल-फूल रहे हैं।” ………………..
  3. ”हर आदमी दोषी अधिक दिख रहा है, गुणी कम।” ………………..

Solution:

  1. ”सच्चाईकेवल भीरु और बेबस लोगों के हिस्से पड़ी है। – तानाशाही बढ़ेगी
  2. ”झूठ और फरेब का रोज़गार करनेवाले फल-फूल रहे हैं।” – भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ेगा
  3. ”हर आदमी दोषी अधिक दिख रहा है, गुणी कम।” – अविश्वास बढ़ेगा

Question 5:
लेखक ने लेख का शीर्षक ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ क्यों रखा होगा? क्या आप इससे भी बेहतर शीर्षक सुझा सकते हैं?

Solution:
लेखक ने इस लेख का शीर्षक ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ उचित रखा है। आजकल हम अराजकता की जो घटनाऍ अपने आसपास घटते देखते रहते हैं। जिससे हमारे मन में निराशा भर जाती है। लेकिन लेखक हमें उस समय समाज के मानवीय गुणों से भरे लोगों को और उनके कार्यों को याद करने कहा हैं जिससे हम निराश न हो।
इसका अन्य शीर्षक ‘हम निराशा से आशा’ भी रख सकते हैं।

Question 6:
यदि ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ के बाद कोई विराम चिहन  लगाने के लिए कहा जाए तो आप दिए गए चिह्नों में से कौन-सा चिहन लगाएँगे? अपने चुनाव का कारण भी बताइए – , । .
। ? ; – , …. ।
Solution:
‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए’ के बाद मैं प्रश्न चिन्ह ‘क्या निराश हुआ जाए?’ लगाना उचित समझता हूँ। समाज में व्याप्त बुराइयों के बीच रहते हुए भी जीवन जीने के लिए सकारात्मक दृष्टि जरूरी है।

Question 7:
”आदर्शों की बातें करना तो बहुत आसान है पर उन पर चलना बहुत कठिन है।” क्या आप इस बात से सहमत हैं? तर्क सहित उत्तर दीजिए।

Solution:
”आदर्शों की बातें करना तो बहुत आसान है पर उन पर चलना बहुत कठिन है।” – मैं इस कथन से सहमत हूँ क्योंकि व्यक्ति जब आदर्शो की राह पर चलता है तब उसे कई कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। असामाजिक तत्वों का अकेले सामना करना पड़ता है।

भाषा की बात

Question 1:
दो शब्दों के मिलने से समास बनता है। समास का एक प्रकार है – द्वंद्व समास।
इसमें दोनों शब्द प्रधान होते हैं। जब दोनों भाग प्रधान होंगे तो एक-दूसरे में द्वंद्व (स्पर्धा, होड़) की संभावना होती है। कोई किसी से पीछे रहना नहीं चाहता,


जैसे – चरम और परम = चरम-परम, भीरु और बेबस = भीरू-बेबस। दिन और रात = दिन-रात।


‘और’ के साथ आए शब्दों के जोड़े को ‘और’ हटाकर (-) योजक चिह्न भी लगाया जाता है। कभी-कभी एक साथ भी लिखा जाता है।
द्वंद्व समास के बारह उदाहरण ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Solution:

सुख और दुखसुख-दुख
भूख और प्यासभूख-प्यास
हँसना और रोनाहँसना-रोना
आते और जातेआते-जाते
राजा और रानीराजा-रानी
चाचा और चाचीचाचा-चाची
सच्चा और झूठासच्चा-झूठा
पाना और खोनापाना-खोना
पाप और पुण्यपाप-पुण्य
स्त्री और पुरूषस्त्री-पुरूष
राम और सीताराम-सीता
आना और जानाआना-जाना

Question 2:
पाठ से तीनों प्रकार की संज्ञाओं के उदाहरण खोजकर लिखिए।

Solution:
जातिवाचक संज्ञा : बस, यात्री, मनुष्य, ड्राइवर, कंडक्टर,
हिन्दू, मुस्लिम, आर्य, द्रविड़, पति, पत्नी आदि।
भाववाचक संज्ञा : ईमानदारी, सच्चाई, झूठ, चोर, डकैत आदि।

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant

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Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament? civics ncert solution class 8th

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 – Why Do We Need a Parliament

1. Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how the person gets elected?

Answer: 

A state is divided into many electoral units called constituencies. People of each constituency elect their MLA. The Member of Legislative Assembly, MLA represents the people of his constituency in the Legislative Assembly of the State.

MLAs are elected directly by voting, from a set of candidates who stands in their respective constituencies. Candidate who secures the maximum number of votes is declared a winner and becomes the Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA).

2. Discuss with your teacher the difference between a State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and the Parliament (Lok Sabha).

Answer:

State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)Parliament (Lok Sabha)
Members of Vidhan Sabha are called MLAs.Members of Lok Sabha are called MPs.
Here the size of electoral constituency is smaller.Here the size of electoral constituency is larger. A constituency of MP is composed of many constituencies of MLAs.
MLAs elect their leader who heads the state government.MPs elect their leader who heads the Union government.
An MLA can become a minister in the state cabinet.An MP can become a minister in the Union cabinet.

3. From the list below, identify the work of a State government and that of a Central government.

RELATED STORIES

(a) The decision of the Indian government to maintain peaceful relations with China.

(b) The decision of the Madhya Pradesh government to discontinue Board exams in Class VIII for all schools under this Board.  

(c) Introduction of a new train connection between Ajmer and Mysore.

(d)Introduction of a new 1,000 rupee note.

Answer:

(a) Central government

(b) State government

(c) Central government

(d) Central government

4. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

universal adult franchise; MLAs; representatives; directly

Democratic governments in our times are usually referred to as representative democracies. In representative democracies, people do not participate ____________ but, instead, choose their ____________ through an election process. These____________ meet and make decisions for the entire population. These days, a government cannot call itself democratic unless it allows what is known as ____________ This means that all adult citizens in the country are allowed to vote.

Answer:

Democratic governments in our times are usually referred to as representative democracies. In representative democracies, people do not participate directly but, instead, choose their representatives through an election process. These MLAs meet and make decisions for the entire population. These days, a government cannot call itself democratic unless it allows what is known as universal adult franchise. This means that all adult citizens in the country are allowed to vote.

5. You have read that most elected members whether in the Panchayat, or the Vidhan Sabha or the Parliament are elected for a fixed period of five years. Why do we have a system where the representatives are elected for a fixed period and not for life?

Answer:

Members are elected for a fixed period of five years so that people can change their representative after five years if they are not satisfied with his work. Regular elections and availability of options to the voters are the key features of a democratic system.

Exercises

NCERT Book Page No. 41

1. Why do you think our national movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote?

Answer: 

In our struggle for independence people belonging to different backgrounds came together to fight against the British. They all wanted a free, equal and independent nation where decision-making would be in the hands of the people. The reason to fight for the freedom of the nation was to live in a country governed by the leaders who were sensitive to people’s needs and demands. That is why nationalist movement supported the idea of universal adult franchise, so that the people can take part in the decision making of the country.

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Chapter 1 Resources Class geography ncert solution class 8th

NCERT Solutions for Class 8th: Ch 1 Resources Geography

Excercises

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth?

Answer

The distribution of resources depends upon a number of physical factors like terrain, climate and altitude. Since these factors differ so much over the Earth, the distribution of resources is unequal.

(ii) What is resource conservation?

Answer

Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.

(iii) Why are human resources important?

Answer

People are human resources and human resources are important because people can make the best uses of nature to create more resources by applying knowledge, skill and technology.

(iv) What is sustainable development?

Answer

Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development. In other words, carefully utilizing resources so that besides meeting the present requirements it also takes care of the need of future generations is what is known as sustainable development.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Which one of the following does not make a substance a resource?
(a) Utility
(b) Value
(c) Quantity
► (c) Quantity

(ii) Which one of the following is a human-made resource?
(a) Medicines to treat cancer
(b) Spring water

(c) Tropical forests
► (a) Medicines to treat cancer

(iii) Biotic resources are
(a) Derived from living things
(b) Made by human beings
(c) Derived from non-living things
► (a) Derived from living things

3. Differentiate between the following.

(a) Potential and actual resources
(b) Ubiquitous and localised resources

Answer

Potential resourceActual resource
A resource whose entire quantity is not knownA resource whose quantity is known
Not being used at present, but could be used in the futureBeing used in the present
The present level of technology is not advanced enough to utilise itThe present level of technology is advanced enough to utilise it
Example: The uranium found in Ladakh, which could be used in the futureExample: The dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra
Ubiquitous resourceLocalised resource
A resource which is found everywhereA resource which is found only in certain places
Example: The air we breatheExample: Copper

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Chapter 5 When People Rebel Social science ncert solution claSS 8TH

NCERT Solutions for Class 8th: Ch 5 When People Rebel

QUESTIONS:

1. What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?

Answer

Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi wanted the East India Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir to the kingdom after the death of her husband. This demand was refused by the British.

2. What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?

Answer

In 1850, a new law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit property of his ancestors. This law made it easier to convert to Christianity.

3. What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?

Answer

The new cartridges were suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs. Both Hindus and Muslim sepoys were offended by the introduction of these cartridges. Their religious sentiments were affected, and this was the reason they refused to use the cartridges. They felt that the British were trying to insult their religions

4. How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?

Answer

The last Mughal emperor spent the last years of his life in a jail in Rangoon along with his wife.

Page No: 63

Let’s Discuss

4. What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?

Answer

The reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May, 1857 were too many as described below:
→ There were several riots, rebellion and revolts which occurred before May, 1857. But all these were localized and were suppressed by the British then and there.

→ In the mid 18th century, the powers of Nawabs, rajas, zamindars etc. were eroded. The freedom of the Indian rulers was reduced, their armed forces were disbanded, and their revenue and territories were taken by stages.
→ The Mughal Emperor had lost its control over the provinces. The traditional rulers fought among themselves and could not present a united front against a powerful foreign rule.

→ Residents had been stationed in many courts by the British as their representatives. These residents kept informing the governors about the important developments in every kingdom.
→ Indian princes and chiefs whom the British had allowed to continue used to side with the British during revolts before May, 1857.

5. What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?

Answer

There was a wide spread impact on the people of the whole country and its ruling families after Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion. These were:→ He wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of the country to come forward and organize a confederacy of Indian states to fight with Britishers. All small and big kingdoms, kings, Nawabs, Rajas, princes, zamindars, chiefs and even many Hindu and Muslim religious leaders welcomed this initial step taken by the Emperor and joined hands to rebel against the British.
→ Regiment after regiment mutinied and started to join other troops at nodal points like- Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow.

→ The people of towns and villages also joined the rebellion in mass and rallied around local leaders, zamindars and rulers who were prepared to regain their lost authority and fight against the British.

6. How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?

Answer

The British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh by adopting various methods such as:
→ They announced reward for loyal landowners.
→ They were assured that they would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands.
→ Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to the British, and if they had not killed any white people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land would not be denied.

7. In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion of 1857?

Answer

Changes in the policies of the British after the suppression of the rebellion of 1857:
→ British Crown took over the control of administration – The British Parliament passed an Act in 1859, under which, the powers of the East India Company were transferred to the British Crown. The British government was now directly responsible for ruling India.
→ Provided a sense of security to the local rulers – The ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territories would never be annexed by the British. However, they had to swear allegiance to the British crown. They also abolished the Doctrine of Lapse, thereby allowing rulers to pass on their kingdoms to adopted sons.
→ Provided a sense of security to landowners – Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars, and give them security of rights over their lands.
→ Reorganised the army- The proportion of Indian soldiers in the army was reduced and the number of European soldiers in the army was increased.
→ Treated the Muslims with suspicion and hostility – Considering them to be responsible for the rebellion in a big way, the British confiscated the land and property of Muslims on a large scale.
→ Promised non-interference in the sphere of religion – The British assured the people of India that their religious and social practises would be respected and not interfered with.

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class 8th Chapter 16 Light ncert solution

Chapter 16 Light ncert solution

 


Exercises

1. Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you see objects in the room? Can you see objects outside the room? Explain.

Answer

We can see any object, when light reflected by that object reaches our eyes. But in the dark room, no light is reflected by the object so we are unable to see objects in dark room. If there is light present outside the room, then we can see the objects outside the room.

2. Differentiate between regular and diffused reflection. Does diffused reflection mean the failure of the laws of reflection?

Answer

Regular reflectionDiffused reflection
1.When all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are parallel, the reflection is known as regular reflectionWhen all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are not parallel, the reflection is known as diffused or irregular reflection
2.It takes place from a smooth or regular surfaceIt takes place from a rough surface
3.Images are formed by regular reflection.Images are not formed by irregular reflection.

The diffused reflection is not due to the failure of laws of reflection but caused by irregularities in the reflecting surface.

3. Mention against each of the following whether regular or diffused reflection will take place when a beam of light strikes. Justify your answer in each case.
(a) Polished wooden table 

(b) Chalk powder
(c) Cardboard surface 

(d) Marble floor with water spread over it
(e) Mirror 

(f) Piece of paper

Answer

(a) Regular reflection
A polished surface is an example of a smooth surface. A polished wooden table has a smooth surface. Hence, reflections from the polished table will be regular.

(b) Diffused reflection
Chalk power spread on a surface is an example of an irregular surface. It is not smooth. Therefore, diffused reflection will take place from chalk powder.

(c) Diffused reflection
Cardboard surface is also an example of an irregular surface. Hence, diffused reflection will take place from a cardboard surface.

(d) Regular reflection
Marble floor with water spread over it is an example of a regular surface. This is because water makes the marble surface smooth. Hence, regular reflection will take place from this surface.

(e) Regular reflection
Mirror has a smooth surface. Therefore, it will give a regular reflection.

(f) Diffused reflection
Although a piece of paper may look smooth, but it has many irregularities on its surface. Due to this reason, it will give a diffused reflection.

4. State the laws of reflection.

Answer

Laws of reflection are:
→ The angle of reflection is always equal to the angle of incidence.
→ The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the reflective surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

5. Describe an activity to show that the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Answer

Place a plane mirror on the table. Take a paper sheet and make a small hole in its centre. Make sure that the light in the room is not bright. Hold the sheet normal to the table. Take another sheet and place it on the table in contact with the vertical mirror. Draw a normal line on the second sheet from the mirror. Now, light a torch on the mirror through the small hole such that the ray of light falls on the normal at the bottom of the mirror. When the ray from this hole is incident on the mirror, it gets reflected in a certain direction. You can easily observe the incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence on the sheet placed on the table. This shows that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

6. Fill in the blanks in the following.
(a) A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be ________ m away from his image.
(b) If you touch your ________ ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror, it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with your _________.

(c) The size of the pupil becomes ________ when you see in dim light.

(d) Night birds have _________ cones than rods in their eyes.

Answer

(a) A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be 2 m away from his image.
(b) If you touch your left ear with your right hand in front of a plane mirror, it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with your left hand.
(c) The size of the pupil becomes large when you see in dim light.
(d) Night birds have less cones than rods in their eyes.

7. Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
(a) Always 

(b) Sometimes
(c) Under special conditions

(d) Never

► (a) Always 

8. Image formed by a plane mirror is
(a) virtual, behind the mirror and enlarged.
(b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.
(c) real at the surface of the mirror and enlarged.
(d) real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.

► (b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.

9. Describe the construction of a kaleidoscope.

Answer

Three rectangular mirror strips of dimensions 15cm x 4cm (l x b) are joined together to form a prism. This prism is fixed into a circular cardboard tube. The circular cardboard tube should be slightly longer that the prism. This circular tube is now closed at one end with a cardboard disc. This disc has a hole in it through which we can see .At the other end of the circular tube, a plane glass plate is fixed. It is important that this glass plate touches the prism mirrors. On this glass plate, several small and broken pieces of coloured glass are placed. This end is now closed by a round glass plate allowing enough space for the coloured glass pieces to move.

Construction of Kaleidoscope

10. Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye.

Answer

Sketch of Human Eye

Page No: 213

11. Gurmit wanted to perform Activity 16.8 using a laser torch. Her teacher advised her not to do so. Can you explain the basis of the teacher’s advice?

Answer

Laser light is harmful for the human eyes, because its intensity is very high. It can cause damage to the retina and lead to blindness. Hence, it is advisable not to look at a laser beam directly.

12. Explain how you can take care of your eyes.

Answer

We can take care of eyes by:
→ Visit an eye specialist regularly.
→ Avoid reading in dim light and very bright light.
→ Avoid direct exposure of sunlight to the eye.
→ Clean your eyes with cold water quickly if dust particles or small insects enter your eye. Do not rub your eyes.
→ Maintain a distance of at least 25 cm between the book and your eyes while reading.

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13. What is the angle of incidence of a ray if the reflected ray is at an angle of 90° to the incident ray?

Answer

As per the laws of reflection
The angle of incidence ∠i = angle of reflection ∠r
Here as given ∠i + ∠r = 90°
∴ ∠i + ∠i = 90 °
or ∠i = 90/2 = 45 °
Hence angle of incidence of a ray = 45 degree

14. How many images of a candle will be formed if it is placed between two parallel plane mirrors separated by 40 cm?

Answer

Infinite images of the candle will be formed due to parallel mirrors.

15. Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray of light is incident on one at an angle of 30° as shown in Fig. 16.19. Draw the reflected ray from the second mirror.

Answer

The first law of reflection is used to obtain the path of reflected light.

It can be observed that the given ray of light will reflect from the second mirror at an angle 60°.

16. Boojho stands at A just on the side of a plane mirror as shown in Fig. 16.20. Can he see himself in the mirror? Also can he see the image of objects situated at P, Q and R?

Answer

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A plane mirror forms a virtual image behind the mirror. The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it. A cannot see his image because the length of the mirror is too short on his side. However, he can see the objects placed at points P and Q, but cannot see the object placed at point R (as shown in the given figure).

17. (a) Find out the position of the image of an object situated at A in the plane mirror (Fig. 16.21).
(b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
(c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
(d) When Paheli moves from B to C, where does the image of A move?

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Answer

(a) Image of the object placed at A is formed behind the mirror. The distance of the image from the mirror is equal to the distance of A from the mirror. Image of A is shown in the given figure

(b) Yes. Paheli at B can see this image.

(c) Yes. Boojho at C can see this image.

(d) Image of the object at A will not move. It will remain at the same position when Paheli moves from B to C.

Go Back To NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Chapter 16 Light Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions

Through these NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 16, students should not waste time and adopt a strategy that helps them operate and learn at maximum efficiency. Students will develop the ability to identify what improvements and changes need to be made. It will improve your awareness skills sharply and you can easily memorize more things precisely. You can pinpoint your weaknesses and prepare accordingly to change it in a positive way.

Class 8 Science Chapter 16 Light NCERT Questions and Answers – Topics

• What makes Things Visible

• Laws of Reflection

• Regular and Diffused Reflection

• Reflected Light Can be Reflected Again

• Multiple Images

→ Kaleidoscope

• Sunlight — White or Coloured

• What is inside Our Eyes?

• Care of the Eyes

• Visually Impaired Persons Can Read and Write

• What is the Braille System?

Chapter 16 Light NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science  – Notes

• Light is a form of energy, which induces the sensation of vision in our eyes and makes us able to see various things present in our surrounding. 

• After striking the mirror, the ray of light is reflected in another direction. The light ray, which strikes any surface, is called the incident ray. The ray that comes back from the surface after reflection is known as the reflected ray.

• A line making an angle of 90º to the line representing the mirror at the point where the incident ray strikes the mirror. This line is known as the normal to the reflecting surface at that point.

• The angle between the normal and incident ray is called the angle of incidence (∠i).

• The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is known as the angle of reflection (∠r).

• The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.

• The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.

• An image formed by a mirror the left of the object appears on the right and the right appears on the left. This is known as lateral inversion.

• When all the parallel rays reflected from a rough or irregular surface are not parallel, the reflection is known as diffused or irregular reflection.

• Reflection from a smooth surface like that of a mirror is called regular reflection .

• The periscope makes use of two plane mirrors placed in ‘z’ shaped box at 45º angle.

• Kaleidoscope is based on the principle of multiple reflections. It consists of three plane mirror strips arranged at 60º angle to each other in a hard cardboard tube.

• Structure of the eye : 

→ The outer coat of the eye is white. Its transparent front part is called cornea.

→ Iris is a dark muscular structure present behind cornea is called iris. The colour of the iris determines the colour of the eye.

→ Pupil is a small opening in the iris. The size of the pupil is controlled by the iris. Thus, iris controls the amount of light entering into the eye.

→ Eye Lens is a double convex lens situated behind the iris. The eye lens has the capacity to change its focal length. So that it can focus the images of objects at different distances on the retina of the eye.

• The lens focuses light on the back of the eye, on a layer called retina. The retina contains several

nerve cells. Sensations felt by the nerve cells are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve. 

• There are two kinds of cells–

→ cones, which are sensitive to bright light and

→ rods, which are sensitive to dim light.

• At the junction of the optic nerve and the retina, there are no rods and cones. So no vision is possible at that spot. This spot is called blind spot. Yellow spot is located at the centre of the retina. It has maximum concentration of light sensitive cells.

• The most comfortable distance at which one can read with a normal eye is about 25 cm.

• Lack of vitamin A in foodstuff is responsible for many eye troubles. Most common amongst them is night blindness.

• The most popular resource for visually challenged persons is Braille. The present system was adopted in 1932. Visually impaired people learn the Braille system by beginning with letters, then special characters and letter combinations.

Chapter 16 Light Class 8 Science Questions and Answers – MCQ Questions with answers

1. What is the phenomenon of light bouncing back into the same medium called?

a) Reflection

b) Refraction

c) Dispersion

d) Splitting

► a) Reflection

2. Braille system is used by

a) Hearing impaired

b) Black people

c) Blind people

d) African people

► c) Blind people

3. From a source light travels as rays which are

a) Divergent

b) Convergent

c) Parallel

d) Diffused

► c) Parallel

4. An example of luminous object is

a) Star

b) Smooth surface

c) Mirror

d) Cloth

► a) Star

5. What is the perpendicular drawn at any point on a mirror called?

a) Incident ray

b) Reflected ray

c) Normal

d) Image

► c) Normal

6. What is the nature of image formed on the retina of human eye of an object?

a) Virtual and erect

b) Virtual and inverted

c) Real and erect

d) Real and inverted

► d) Real and inverted

7. Splitting of white rays of light into seven colours is called

a) Dispersion of light

b) Reflection of light

c) Refraction of light

d) Scattering of light

► a) Dispersion of light

8. What happens in lateral inversion?

a) The right side of the object will be on the right side of the image.

b) The left side of the object will be on the left side of the image.

c) The top of the object will be the bottom of the object.

d) The right side of the object will be on the left side of the image.

► d) The right side of the object will be on the left side of the image.

9. In a periscope, how are the reflecting mirrors arranged?

a) Perpendicular to each other

b) At an angle of 45°

c) At an angle of 90°

d) At an angle of 60°

► b) At an angle of 45°

10. Light always travels in straight line. This property is called

a) Rectilinear propagation of light

b) Dispersion of light

c) Convergence of light

d) Diversion of light

► a) Rectilinear propagation of light

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Chapter 14 खानपान की बदलती तस्वीर summary class 7th hindi

खानपान की बदलती तस्वीर सार वसंत भाग – 1 (Summary of Khanpan ki Badalti Tasvir Vasant)

इस निबंध के द्वारा लेखक श्री प्रयाग शुक्ल ने आधुनिक युग तथा पश्चिमी सभ्यता के कारण खान-पान की बदलती हुई तस्वीर को दर्शाया है। पिछले दस-पंद्रह वर्षों से हमारे देश की खान-पान की संस्कृति में बहुत बदलाव आया है। उन्होंने समूचे भारत को एकीकृत कर दिया है। दक्षिण भारतीय व्यंजन इडली, डोसा, सांभर उत्तर भारत में बड़े चाव से खाए जाते हैं वहीं उत्तर भारतीय व्यंजन रोटी, दाल, साग देश के सभी भागों में मिलते हैं। फ़ास्ट फूड (तुरंत भोजन) का चलन सब जगह बढ़ चुका है। ‘टू मिनिट नूडल्स’ के पैकेट बंद रूप से सभी लोग परिचित हो चुके हैं। अब स्थानीय व्यंजनों के साथ अन्य प्रदेशों के व्यंजन पकवान भी प्रायः हर क्षेत्र में उपलब्ध हैं। गुजरात का ढोकला और बंगाल के रसगुल्ले हर जगह दिखाई देते हैं। अंग्रेजों के समय के ब्रेड अब लाखों-करोड़ों घर में नाश्ते का रूप ले चुके हैं।

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खानपान की इस मिश्रित संस्कृति का सबसे सकरात्मक पक्ष यह है कि नई पीढ़ी को देश-विदेश के व्यंजनों को जानने का अवसर मिला है। अब कामकाजी महिलाएँ जल्दी तैयार होनेवाले व्यंजन को पसंद करती हैं| मध्यमवर्गीय जीवन में भोजन विविधता अपनी जगह बना चुकी है। खान-पान की नई संस्कृति में राष्ट्रीय एकता के नये बीज मिलते हैं।

लेकिन खानपान की मिश्रित संस्कृति से हमारे स्थानीय व्यंजनों की लोकप्रियता घट गई। अब यह केवल पाँच सितारा होटल में ‘एथनिक’ के नाम से प्रचलित है। मौसमी सब्जियों के व्यंजन भी अब नहीं मिलते हैं। गली-मुहल्लों में मिलने वाली आम वस्तुएँ केवल खास-दुकानों पर ही बिकती हैं। खान-पान की मिश्रित संस्कृति से भी हमें असली स्वाद नहीं मिलता। लेकिन इस मिश्रित संस्कृति का विकास अभी रुका नहीं है बल्कि यह और भी विकसित होती रहेगी|

कठिन शब्दों के अर्थ –

• खान-पान – खाना-पीना
• बड़ा – दक्षिण भारतीय एक व्यंजन
• मिश्रित – मिली-जुली
• सकारात्मक – अच्छा
• गृहिणियों में – घर में रहने वाली स्त्रियों में
• कामकाजी – काम करने वाली
• विस्तार – फैलाव
• आम – सामान्य
• खास – विशेष

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Chapter 6-  Expert Detectives summary notes class 7th english

Expert Detectives Summary In English

Mysterious Mr Nath
Nishad and his 10 year old sister Maya has always been inquisitive about their neighbour Mr Nath. One day their marbles went inside his house and Nishad got a chance to catch a glimpse of Mr Nath. To Nishad he appeared to be a crook running away from the cops. He had a bad scar on his face and didn’t have any friends. But Mr Nath is a patient to their mother who is a doctor by profession. Their mother has told them that he is a polite man. Nishad is also called Seven because his name meant the seventh note on the musical scale.

Soft Hearted Nishad
The two children were busy discussing their mysterious neighbour. They argued about his financial wealth, how he manages his food and so on. Nishad thinks that he is poor and doesn’t have much money while Maya believes that he has got a lot of it and has kept it hidden somewhere in his room. Then, it was Mr Nath’s scar that bothered the children. They thought that he might have got during a shoot-out with the police. On their mother’s birthday, Nishad went along her to the clinic. He happened to see Mr Nath there.

He was worried seeing Mr Nath’s gaunt appearance. The evening Nishad went to his place and gave a bar of chocolate to Mr Nath. Nishad befriended Ramesh, the boy who used to bring food for Mr Nath from a nearby restaurant. Ramesh informed his that Mr Nath had two meals a day and tea in morning and evening. His meal was the same everyday and always used to pay in cash and tips as well. He brings two lunches in Sunday and it is the same visitor he finds there. The visitor was a tall, stout and spectacled man who talks a lot while Mr Nath is quiet person. The children were thrilled and they were discussing the possibilities of Mr Nath being a crook.

Maya’s Facts
Their school opened after the summer holidays the next day but they could not attend it because of heavy rains. Nishad was busy reading his comics when Maya informed what she had done. She had made a note of everything they knew about Mr Nath calling them facts and gave a number to each one of them. Nishad disagreed with Maya for calling Mr Nath a criminal.

He felt bad for him for having no friends while Maya thought that the visitor who comes to his place on Sunday may be his partner who knows all his secrets and may be the loot as well. Both the children had an argument and Nishad was upset with Maya for calling Mr Nath a crook. Nishad was interested only in finding out why Mr Nath was so thin and a loner. He wanted to be his friend and Maya’s theories didn’t have any impact on Seven.

Expert Detectives Summary In Hindi

रहस्यमयी मिस्टर नाथ
निषाद तथा उसकी दस साल की बहन माया दोनों ही अपने पड़ोसी मिस्टर नाथ को लेकर हमेशा ही उत्सुक रहा करते थे। एक बार निषाद का कंचा गलती से मिस्टर नाथ के घर के अंदर चला गया और उसे घर के अंदर झाँकने का एक मौका मिल गया। निषाद को लगा कि वह कोई अपराधी है, जो पुलिस से बचता फिर रहा है। उसके चेहरे पर एक घाव का निशान है तथा उसका कोई मित्र नहीं है, पर उनकी माँ के लिए मिस्टर नाथ एक मरीज है और उनकी माँ ने बताया था कि वह एक भद्र व्यक्ति है। निषाद का दूसरा नाम ‘सेवन’ भी था, क्योंकि उसका नाम संगीत के सातवें नोट निषाद’ पर था।

दयालु निषाद
दोनों बच्चे अपने रहस्यमयी पड़ोसी के बारे में चर्चा कर रहे थे। वे उसकी आर्थिक स्थिति, उसके खान-पान का जरिया इत्यादि की चर्चा कर रहे थे। निषाद के अनुसार, वह एक गरीब व्यक्ति था। उसके पास ज्यादा पैसे नहीं थे, जबकि माया को लगता था कि उसके पास ढेर सारा धन है और उसने इस धन को अपने कमरे में छिपाकर रखा है। इसके बाद मिस्टर नाथ के चेहरे का घाव दोनों बच्चों को परेशान कर रहा था। उन लोगों को लग रहा था कि उसे यह जख्म पुलिस से मुठभेड़ के दौरान लगा होगा। अपनी माँ के जन्मदिन पर, निषाद उनके साथ क्लीनिक तक गया।

वहाँ पर उसने मिस्टर नाथ को देखा। वह उनके दुबले-पतले शरीर को देखकर चौंक गया। उस दिन शाम को निषाद उनके घर पर गया एवं उसे चॉकलेट दी। निषाद थोड़ी देर के लिए रमेश से मिला, जो पास के रेस्तरों से मिस्टर नाथ के लिए भोजन लाया करता था। रमेश ने उसे बताया कि मिस्टर नाथ दिन में दो बार भोजन करते हैं तथा सुबह और शाम को चाय लेते हैं। उनका भोजन प्रतिदिन एक समान होता था और वे बख्शीश के साथ नकद भुगतान करते थे। रविवार के दिन वह भोजन की दो थाली लाता और हर बार उसे वही अतिथि नजर आता था। अतिथि एक लंबा, हट्टा-कट्टा बंदा था और चश्मा पहनता था। वह बातूनी था, जबकि मिस्टर नाथ एक शांत स्वभाव का व्यक्ति था। बच्चे सहम गए थे और अब दोनों को लग रहा था कि यह व्यक्ति निश्चित रूप से दुष्ट है।

माया के तथ्य
गर्मी की छुट्टियों के बाद उनका स्कूल अगले दिन खुल गया था, पर भारी बारिश की वजह से वे स्कूल नहीं जा सके। जब निषाद कॉमिक पढ़ने में व्यस्त था, तो माया ने उसे कुछ बताना चाहा। उसने मिस्टर नाथ से जुड़ी प्रत्येक बात नोट कर रखी थी तथा उसे ‘तथ्य’ का नाम दिया और प्रत्येक तथ्य को एक अंक प्रदान कर रखा था। निषाद असहमत था कि माया उसे अपराधी कह रही है।

निषाद को मिस्टर नाथ के कोई मित्र न होने पर बहुत बुरा लग रहा था, पर माया के अनुसार, प्रत्येक रविवार को उससे मिलने आने वाला व्यक्ति उसका आपराधिक साथी हो और उसके राज एवं लूट के सामान छिपाने की सारी जगह भी जानता हो। दोनों बच्चों के बीच इस बात को लेकर एक तीखी बहस हो गई थी और निषाद को इस बात का बुरा लग रहा था कि माया उसे अपराधी मान रही है। निषाद बस इतना जानना चाहता था कि मिस्टर नाथ इतने दुबले-पतले तथा अकेले क्यों हैं? वह उनका एक मित्र बनना चाहता था और माया के तथ्यों पर निषाद को जरा भी यकीन नहीं था।

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