NCERT Most Important Question & Solutions For Class-10 Chapter-1 Resources and Development (Geography) | Extra Question

The start of class 10 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 10 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 10 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 10 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 10 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 10 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.What do you mean by ‘international resources’?

Answer

The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone are international resources.

2.What are the factors which help in the formation of soil?

Answer

Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.

3. What is Agenda 21?

Answer

Agenda 21 is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

4.What is resource planning? Give three phases of resource planning.
Answer

1.How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur?

Answer:
In Palampur, about one-third of the 450 families are landless, i.e., 150 families. Most of them are dalits, and have no land for cultivation.

240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. Cultivation of such plots doesn’t bring adequate income to the farmer’s family.

On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size.
In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.

2.What are the ill effects of the Green Revolution?

Answer:
The ill effects of the Green Revolution are :

• The Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizer.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.
• Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.
• Modern farming methods used under the Green Revolution have overused the natural resources base. Maximum forestland was converted into agricultural land.
• The Green Revolution was limited only up to few states like Punjab and Haryana.

3.What are the features of traditional methods of farming?

Answer:
The features of traditional methods of farming are :

• Traditional seeds are used in this farming.
• Irrigation depends upon monsoons.
• Wooden tools and equipment are used.
• Bullock carts are used to plough land.
• The production is done for family use.
• Manure and cow dung are used to increase the fertility of the soil.

4.What is meant by the Green Revolution? Mention some of its important features.

Answer:

• The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.
• As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.
• HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
• Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation, and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.
• Some of them bought farra-machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

5.Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital.

Answer:
Both fixed capital and working capital come under the category of physical capital which is one of the four requirements for production of goods and services.

(i) Fixed Capital :

• It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
• Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, etc.
• It includes tools, machines, buildings, computers, etc.

(ii) Working Capital :

• It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time at the time of production.
• Whatever money and raw material are required for production, are included in it.
• It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.

6.How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village?

Answer:
Palampur is a well-developed village because :

• This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering.
• The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses, some of which are of mud and straw.
• Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
• Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.

7.How is the required capital in farming arranged?

Answer:

• Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
• In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are, thus, able to arrange for the capital needed.

8.What do you mean by physical capital? What are the items that come under physical capital?

Answer:
Physical capital includes the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. The following items come under the category of physical capital:
(a) Tools, machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc. Tools, machines, building can be used in production over many years.
(b) Raw materials and money in hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

9.Describe transportation, a non-farming activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:

• There are varieties of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
• Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport services.
• They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

10.Discuss dairy farming, a non-farming, activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:
Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass, the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village.
Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

11.What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Answer:
The biggest disadvantage associated with HYV seeds is the requirement of plenty of water and chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. Chemical fertilisers and pesticides degrade our environment by killing necessary bacteria in soil. Poor farmers can not afford HYV seeds due to increased requirement of fertilisers and machinery. New machinery replaced manual labour leading to unemployment and rural-urban migration.

12.Mention the main features of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The main features of Green Revolution are :

• Increase in the production of wheat and rice.
• Use of chemical fertilizers.
• Use of insecticides and pesticides.
• Use of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
• Mechanisation of agriculture. (Any three)

13.What are the essential four requirements for production?
Answer:
The essential four requirements for production of goods and services are :

• Land, and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals.
• Labour, i.e., people who will do the work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.?
• The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
• The fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.

14.Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

a. LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
c. LAND USE (in hectares):

d. FACILITIES:

NCERT Quick Revision Notes of Resources and Development

NCERT Solution of Chapter-1 Resources and Development

NCERT MCQs of Chapter-1 Resources and Development

NCERT Most Important Question & Solutions For Class-9 Chapter-1 Story of village palampur (Economics) | Extra Question

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur?

Answer:
In Palampur, about one-third of the 450 families are landless, i.e., 150 families. Most of them are dalits, and have no land for cultivation.

240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size. Cultivation of such plots doesn’t bring adequate income to the farmer’s family.

On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size.
In Palampur, there are 60 families of medium and large farmers who cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.

2.What are the ill effects of the Green Revolution?

Answer:
The ill effects of the Green Revolution are :

• The Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizer.
• Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has led to the depletion of the water-table.
• Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater, are built up over years. Once destroyed, it is very difficult to restore them.
• Modern farming methods used under the Green Revolution have overused the natural resources base. Maximum forestland was converted into agricultural land.
• The Green Revolution was limited only up to few states like Punjab and Haryana.

3.What are the features of traditional methods of farming?

Answer:
The features of traditional methods of farming are :

• Traditional seeds are used in this farming.
• Irrigation depends upon monsoons.
• Wooden tools and equipment are used.
• Bullock carts are used to plough land.
• The production is done for family use.
• Manure and cow dung are used to increase the fertility of the soil.

4.What is meant by the Green Revolution? Mention some of its important features.

Answer:

• The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.
• As a result, the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.
• HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
• Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation, and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming.
• Some of them bought farra-machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

5.Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital.

Answer:
Both fixed capital and working capital come under the category of physical capital which is one of the four requirements for production of goods and services.

(i) Fixed Capital :

• It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
• Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, etc.
• It includes tools, machines, buildings, computers, etc.

(ii) Working Capital :

• It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time at the time of production.
• Whatever money and raw material are required for production, are included in it.
• It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.

6.How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village?

Answer:
Palampur is a well-developed village because :

• This village has about 450 families belonging to several different castes. The 80 upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses, some of them quite large, are made of brick with cement plastering.
• The SCs (dalits) comprise one-third of the population and live in one corner of the village and in much smaller houses, some of which are of mud and straw.
• Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
• Palampur has two primary schools and one high school. There is a primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated.

7.How is the required capital in farming arranged?

Answer:

• Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
• In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are, thus, able to arrange for the capital needed.

8.What do you mean by physical capital? What are the items that come under physical capital?

Answer:
Physical capital includes the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. The following items come under the category of physical capital:
(a) Tools, machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc. Tools, machines, building can be used in production over many years.
(b) Raw materials and money in hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

9.Describe transportation, a non-farming activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:

• There are varieties of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj.
• Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractor, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock cart and bogey are people in the transport services.
• They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

10.Discuss dairy farming, a non-farming, activity in village Palampur, in detail.
Answer:
Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. People feed their buffalos on various kinds of grass, the jowar and bajra that grow during the rainy season. The milk is sold in Raiganj, the nearby large village.
Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centers at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.

11.What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Answer:
The biggest disadvantage associated with HYV seeds is the requirement of plenty of water and chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. Chemical fertilisers and pesticides degrade our environment by killing necessary bacteria in soil. Poor farmers can not afford HYV seeds due to increased requirement of fertilisers and machinery. New machinery replaced manual labour leading to unemployment and rural-urban migration.

12.Mention the main features of the Green Revolution.
Answer:
The main features of Green Revolution are :

• Increase in the production of wheat and rice.
• Use of chemical fertilizers.
• Use of insecticides and pesticides.
• Use of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
• Mechanisation of agriculture. (Any three)

13.What are the essential four requirements for production?
Answer:
The essential four requirements for production of goods and services are :

• Land, and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals.
• Labour, i.e., people who will do the work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.?
• The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
• The fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.

14.Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

a. LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
c. LAND USE (in hectares):

d. FACILITIES:

NCERT Quick Revision Notes of Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur 

NCERT Solution of Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur 

NCERT MCQs of Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur 

NCERT Most Important Question & Solutions For Class-9 Chapter-1 Size and Location (Geography) | Extra Question

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.Discuss the location of India.

Answer

India lies entirely in northern hemisphere between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E. Tropic of Cancer which passes through India divides the country into almost two equal halves.

2.What is longitudinal extent of India? State its implications

Answer

The longitudinal extent of India is between 68°7′ E and 97°25′ E. Its implications are:
→ This is useful in identifying geographical location of India on the map.
→ The time lag is also decided by its longitudinal extent. India has longitudinal extent of 30° so there is time difference of 2 hours in local time between the eastern and western limits as every degree equals to 4 minutes.

3.Name the two islands of Indian mainland.

Answer

The two islands are:
• Andaman and Nicobar islands located in Bay of Bengal in the southeast.
• Lakshadweep islands located in Arabian sea in the southwest.

4.Name the southernmost point of the Indian Union and describe its present situation.

Answer

Indira Point is the southernmost point of the Indian Union located in the Andaman and Nicobar islands which got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.

5.Describe the size of India.

Answer

Total landmass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. which accounts for about 2.4 percent of the total geographical area of the world. It is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of landmass. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km.

6.What is the Standard Meridian of India and where does it pass?

Answer

The Standard Meridian of India is 82°30′ E which passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.

7.Why 82°30′ E is selected as Standard Meridian of India?

Answer

82°30′ E is selected as Standard Meridian of India because:
→ It almost passes through the center of the country.
→ It is exactly 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT.
→ It is multiple of 7°30′ as a globe has 24 time zones, each of 15 longitudes so local time in each zone at the middle longitude (divided by 7°30′) is taken as Standard Time.

8. What is the importance of the Standard Meridian of India?

Answer

There is two hours difference between the easternmost and westernmost part of India. The local time at Arunachal Pradesh would be at least 2 hours ahead of Gujarat. Therefore, to maintain a uniform time throughout the country Standard meridian is important. This helps in avoiding confusion among people regarding the timing of trains, flights and telecast of various programs.

9.Why Indian Ocean named after country, India? Give reasons.

Answer

The Indian Ocean named after country, India because:
→ No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has.
→ The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean has provided India a strategic location of great significance along the trans-Indian Ocean route. It is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean which justifies the naming of the ocean after India.

10. What is the importance of Suez canal?

Answer

The opening of Suez canal reduced the distance of India from Europe by 7000 km.

11. What role Indian land route play in relationship of India with other countries?

Answer

The Indian land routes are much older than her maritime contacts.
→ The various passes across the mountains in the north have provided passages to the ancient travellers while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time.
→ These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times. The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals, and the decimal system thus could reach many parts of the world.
→ The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries. On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in different parts of India.

12. Why is India often called subcontinent?

Answer

India is often called Indian Subcontinent because:
→ It has distinct geographical features separated from other Asian countries by the majestic Himalayas and its extensions.
→ The climate of Indian subcontinent is characterised by monsoon type of climate.
→ It has its own culture as distinct from the rest of Asia.

13. Name the countries who share boundaries with India with their location.

Answer

The countries who shares its land boundaries with India are Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east.

14.Why is the difference between the durations of day and night hardly felt at Kanyakumari but not so in Kashmir?

17.Identify the following with the help of map reading.

(i) The island groups of India lying in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
(ii) The countries constituting Indian Subcontinent.
(iv) The states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
(iv) The northernmost latitude in degrees.
(v) The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees.
(vi) The eastern and the western most longitudes in degrees.
(vii) The place situated on the three seas.
(viii)The strait separating Sri Lanka and India.
(ix) The Union Territories of India.

Answer

(i) Lakshadweep

(ii) Countries which make the Indian subcontinent are Pakistan in the north-west, India at the core, Nepal in the north, Bhutan in the north-east and Bangladesh in the east.

(iii) Tropic of Cancer passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

 

(iv) 37°6′ N

 

(v) 8°4′ N

 

(vi) Western – 68°7′ E, Eastern – 97°25′ E

 

(vii) Kanyakumari

(viii) The Palk Strait.

(ix) Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep, Puducherry (Pondicherry).

NCERT Quick Revision Notes of Chapter-1 India – Size and Location 

NCERT Solution of Chapter-1 India – Size and Location 

NCERT MCQs of Chapter-1 India – Size and Location 

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION FOR CLASS-9 CHAPTER-2 Constitutional Design (POLITICAL SCIENCE)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.What do you mean by political equality?

Answer

Every citizen is entitled to all the constitutional rights and freedom without making distinction of any kind like gender, race, status, religion, etc.

2.Define Constitution.

Answer

The Constitution is the system of beliefs and laws by while a country, state or organization is governed.

3.What do you mean by apartheid?

Answer

The system of racial discrimination practiced against blacks in South Africa.

4.Name the great leader of Indian freedom movement who was not the member of the Indian Constituent Assembly.

Answer

Mahatma Gandhi, the great leader of Indian freedom movement was not the member of the Indian Constituent Assembly.

5.When did the Constituent Assembly adopt the constitution of India?

Answer

The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India on 26th November 1949.

6.Explain the necessity of a Constitution in the newly born democracy in South Africa.

12.Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.

NCERT Quick Revision Notes for Chapter-2 Constitutional Design

NCERT Solution for Chapter-2 Constitutional Design

NCERT MCQs for Chapter-2 Constitutional Design

NCERT Most Important Question For Class-9 Chapter-1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? (Political Science)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.How did General Pervez Musharraf become the President of Pakistan?  

NCERT Quick Revision Notes of Chapter-1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

NCERT Solution of Chapter-1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

NCERT MCQs of Chapter-1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

NCERT Most Important Question For Class-9 Chapter-1 French Revolution(History)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.Describe the division of French society before French revolution?

NCERT Quick Revision Notes Ch-1 French Revolution (History)

NCERT Solution Ch-1 French Revolution (History)

NCERT MCQs Ch-1 French Revolution (History)

NCERT Most Important Questions For Class-9 Chapter-9 Force and Laws of Motion (Physics)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1. Give one point of difference between balanced and unbalanced forces.
Answer
When forces acting on a body from all sides are equal, they cancel effect of each other and are known as balanced forces. On the other hand, when forces acting on a body are not equal/do not cancel each other are called unbalanced forces.

2.Mass of a body is doubled. How does its acceleration change under a given force?
Answer
Acceleration becomes half.

3.Mention any two kinds of changes that can be brought about in a body by force.
Answer
Change in speed/change of direction/change of shape.

4.State the SI unit of pressure. Mention the unit which we use to measure pressure exerted by a gas. What do you understand by normal atmospheric pressure?

Answer

Pascal Atmosphere (atm)
Atmospheric pressure at sea level = 1 atm

5.Define SI unit of force. A force of 2N acting on a body changes its velocity uniformly from 2 m/s to 5m/s in 10s. Calculate the mass of the body.

Answer

6.Derive Newton’s first law of motion from the mathematical expression of the second law of motion.

Answer

Newton’s first law states that a body stays at rest if it is at rest and moves with a constant velocity unit if a net force is applied on it. Newton’s second law states that the net force applied on the body is equal to the rate of change in its momentum.
F= ma
F = m(v-u)/t
Ft = mv-mu

8.

What type of force is acting in the cases given above ?

Answer

(i) Accelerating unbalanced force.
(ii) No force.
(iii) Retarding unbalanced force.

15.From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of 35 m s⁻¹. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.

Answer

Mass of the rifle, m₁= 4 kg

Bullet is fired with an initial velocity, v₂= 35m/s
Initially, the rifle is at rest.
Thus, its initial velocity, v= 0
Total initial momentum of the rifle and bullet system= (m₁+m₂)v= 0

= m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = 0.05 × 35 = 4v₁ + 1.75

According to the law of conservation of momentum:
Total momentum after the firing = Total momentum before the firing  4v₁ + 1.75= 0
v₁ = -1.75/4 = -0.4375 m/s
The negative sign indicates that the rifle recoils backwards with a velocity of 0.4375 m/s.

16.Two objects of masses 100 g and 200 g are moving along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 ms⁻¹ and 1 ms⁻¹, respectively. They collide and after the collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 ms⁻¹. Determine the velocity of the second object.

Answer

Mass of one of the objects, m₁ = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Mass of the other object, m₂ = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Velocity of m₁ before collision, v₁= 2 m/s

Velocity of m₁ after collision, v₃= 1.67 m/s

According to the law of conservation of momentum:
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

Hence, the velocity of the second object becomes 1.165 m/s after the collision.

17.When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.

Answer

When the carpet is beaten, it is suddenly set into motion. The dust particles tend to remain at rest due to inertia of rest, therefore the dust comes out of it.

18.A motorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of 90 km/h. Its velocity is slowed down to 18 km/h in 4 s by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required.

Answer

Mass of the motor car, m = 1200 kg
Initial velocity of the motor car, u = 90 km/h = 25 m/s
Final velocity of the motor car, v = 18 km/h = 5 m/s
Time taken, t = 4 s
According to the first equation of motion:
v = u + at
⇒ 5 = 25 + a (4)
⇒ a = − 5 m/s²
Negative sign indicates that its a retarding motion i.e. velocity is decreasing.
Change in momentum = mv − mu = m (v−u)
= 1200 (5 − 25) = −24000 kg m s⁻¹
∵ Force = Mass × Acceleration
= 1200 × −5 = −6000 N
Acceleration of the motor car = −5 m/s²
Change in momentum of the motor car = −24000 kg m s⁻¹
Hence, the force required to decrease the velocity is 6000 N.
(Negative sign indicates retardation, decrease in momentum and retarding force)

19.An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s⁻¹ to 8 m
s⁻¹ in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object.

Answer

Initial velocity of the object, u = 5 m/s
Final velocity of the object, v = 8 m/s
Mass of the object, m = 100 kg
Time take by the object to accelerate, t = 6 s
Initial momentum = mu = 100 × 5 = 500 kg ms⁻¹
Final momentum = mv = 100 × 8 = 800 kg ms⁻¹
Force exerted on the object, F = (mv – mu)/ t
= m (v-u)/t
= 800 – 500
= 300/6
= 50 N

Initial momentum of the object is 500 kg ms⁻¹.
Final momentum of the object is 800 kg ms⁻¹.
Force exerted on the object is 50 N.

20. How much momentum will a dumbbell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s⁻².

Answer

Mass of the dumbbell, m = 10 kg
Distance covered by the dumbbell, s = 80 cm = 0.8 m
Acceleration in the downward direction, a = 10 m/s²
Initial velocity of the dumbbell, u = 0
Final velocity of the dumbbell (when it was about to hit the floor) = v
According to the third equation of motion:
v² = u² + 2as
⇒ v² = 0 + 2 (10) 0.8
⇒ v = 4 m/s
Hence, the momentum with which the dumbbell hits the floor is
= mv = 10 × 4 = 40 kgms⁻¹

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NCERT Most Important Questions For Class-9 Chapter-8 Motion (Physics)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.Give an example of a body which may appear to be moving for one person and stationary for the other.

Answer

The passengers in a moving bus observe that the trees, buildings as well as the people on the roadside appear to be moving backwards. Similarly, a person standing on the roadside observes that the bus (along with its passengers) is moving in forward direction. But, at the same time, each passenger in a moving bus or train observes, his fellow passengers sitting and not moving. Thus, we can tell that motion is relative.

2.How can we describe the location of an object?

Answer

To describe the position of an object we need to specify a reference point called the origin. For example, suppose that a library in a city is 2 km north of the railway station. We have specified the position of the library with respect to the railway station i.e., in this case, the railway station acts as the reference point.

3.What do you mean by average speed? What are its units?

Answer

Average speed is defined as the average distance travelled per unit time and is obtained by dividing the total distance travelled by the total time taken. The unit of average speed is the same as that of the speed, that is, ms^-1.

4.What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-uniform velocity?

Answer

Uniform velocity: An object with uniform velocity covers equal distances in equal intervals of time in a specified direction, e.g., an object moving with speed of 40km h^-1 towards west has uniform velocity.
Non-uniform velocity: When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in a specified direction, or if the direction of motion changes, it is said to be moving with a non-uniform or variable velocity, e.g., revolving fan at a constant speed has variable velocity.

5.Differentiate between distance and displacement.

Answer

Distance	Displacement
It is the length of the actual path covered by an object, irrespective of its dirction of motion.	Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object in a given direction.
Distance is a scalar quantity	Displacement is a vector quantity. Displacement may be positive negative or zero.
Distance between two given points may be same or different for different path chosen.	Displacement between two given points is always the same.
Distance covered can never be negative. It is always positive or zero.	Displacement between two given points is always the same.

6.With the help of a graph, derive the relation v = u + at.

Answer

Consider the velocity-time graph of an object that moves under uniform acceleration as shown in the figure (u≠0).


From this graph, we can see that initial velocity of the object (at point A) is u and then it increases to v (at point B) in time t. The velocity changes at uniform rate a. As shown in the figure, the lines BC and BE are drawn from point B on the time and the velocity axes respectively.

The initial velocity is represented by OA.
The final velocity is represented by BC.
The time interval t is represented by OC.

BD = BC – CD, represents the change in velocity in time interval t.

If we draw AD parallel to OC, we observe that BC = BD + DC = BD + OA

Substituting, BC with v and OA with u, we get

v = BD + u
or, BD = v – u — (i)

Thus, from the given velocity-time graph, the acceleration of the object is given by Change in velocity
a = (Change in velocity)/(Time Taken)= BD/AD= BD/OC
Substituting OC with t, we get
a = BD/t ⇒ BD = at — (ii2)

From equations (1) and (2), we have
v-u = at or v =u + at

7.Suppose a ball is thrown vertically upwards from a position P above the ground. It rises to the highest point Q and returns to the same point P. What is the net displacement and distance travelled by the ball?
Answer
Displacement is zero. Distance is twice the distance between position P and Q.

8.A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side 10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds from his initial position?

Answer


Given, Side of the square field= 10m
Therefore, perimeter = 10 m × 4 = 40 m
Farmer moves along the boundary in 40s.
Displacement after 2 m 20 s = 2 × 60 s + 20 s = 140 s =?
Since in 40 s farmer moves 40 m

Therefore, in 1s distance covered by farmer = 40 / 40 m = 1m

Therefore, in 140s distance covered by farmer = 1 × 140 m = 140 m. Now, number of rotation to cover 140 along the boundary= Total Distance / Perimeter
= 140 m /40 m  = 3.5 round
Thus, after 3.5 round farmer will at point C of the field.

Thus, after 2 min 20 seconds the displacement of farmer will be equal to 14.14 m north east from intial position.

9.Distinguish between speed and velocity.

Answer

Speed	Velocity
Speed is the distance travelled by an object in a given interval of time.	Velocity is the displacement of an object in a given interval of time.
Speed = distance / time	Velocity = displacement / time
Speed is scalar quantity i.e. it has only magnitude.	Velocity is vector quantity i.e. it has both magnitude as well as direction.

10.What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

Answer

The odometer of an automobile measures the distance covered by an automobile.

11. A bus decreases its speed from 80 km h⁻¹ to 60 km h⁻¹ in 5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.

Answer

12.What is the nature of the distance – ‘time graphs for uniform and non-uniform motion of an object?

Answer

When the motion is uniform,the distance time graph is a straight line with a slope.

 

When the motion is non uniform, the distance time graph is not a straight line.It can be any curve.

13.What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance – time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis?

 

Answer

 

If distance time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis, the body is at rest.

16.An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?
Answer

Diameter of circular track (D) = 200 m
Radius of circular track (r) = 200 / 2=100 m
Time taken by the athlete for one round (t) = 40 s
Distance covered by athlete in one round (s) = 2π r
= 2 × ( 22 / 7 ) × 100
Speed of the athlete (v) = Distance / Time
= (2 × 2200) / (7 × 40)
= 4400 / 7 × 40
Therefore, Distance covered in 140 s = Speed (s) × Time(t)
= 4400 / (7 × 40) × (2 × 60 + 20)
= 4400 / (7 × 40) × 140
= 4400 × 140 /7 × 40
= 2200 m

Number of round in 40 s =1 round
Number of round in 140 s =140/40
=3 ¹/₂
After taking start from position X,the athlete will be at postion Y after 3 ¹/₂ rounds as shown in figure

 

Hence, Displacement of the athlete with respect to initial position at x= xy

= Diameter of circular track
= 200 m

17.Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight 300 m road in 2 minutes 30 seconds and then turns around and jogs 100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are Joseph’s average speeds and velocities in jogging (a) from A to B and (b) from A to C?

Answer

Total Distance covered from AB = 300 m
Total time taken = 2 × 60 + 30 s
=150 s

Therefore, Average Speed from AB = Total Distance / Total Time
=300 / 150 m s^-1
=2 m s^-1
Therefore, Velocity from AB =Displacement AB / Time = 300 / 150 m s^-1
=2 m s^-1
Total Distance covered from AC =AB + BC
=300 + 200 m

Total time taken from A to C = Time taken for AB + Time taken for BC
= (2 × 60+30)+60 s
= 210 s
Therefore, Average Speed from AC = Total Distance /Total Time
= 400 /210 m s^-1
= 1.904 m s^-1

Displacement (S) from A to C = AB – BC
= 300-100 m
= 200 m

 

Time (t) taken for displacement from AC = 210 s

Therefore, Velocity from AC = Displacement (s) / Time(t)
= 200 / 210 m s^-1
= 0.952 m s^-1

19.A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h⁻¹ applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km h⁻¹ in another car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?

Answer

As given in the figure below PR and SQ are the Speed-time graph for given two cars with initial speeds 52 kmh⁻¹ and 3 kmh⁻¹ respectively.

Distance Travelled by first car before coming to rest =Area of △ OPR
= (1/2) × OR × OP
= (1/2) × 5s × 52 kmh⁻¹
= (1/2) × 5 × (52 × 1000) / 3600) m
= (1/2) × 5 × (130 / 9) m
= 325 / 9 m
= 36.11 m
Distance Travelled by second car before coming to rest =Area of △ OSQ
= (1/2) × OQ × OS
= (1/2) × 10 s × 3 kmh⁻¹
= (1/2) × 10 × (3 × 1000) / 3600) m
= (1/2) × 10 x (5/6) m
= 5 × (5/6) m
= 25/6 m
= 4.16 m

NCERT Quick Revision Notes OF Chapter-8 Motion

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NCERT Most Important Question For Class-9 Chapter-5 The Fundamental Unit of Life (Biology)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.What is plasmolysis? What happens to a plasmolysed cell when it is placed in water?
Answer

Shrinkage of protoplast from the cell wall in presence of hypertonic solution due to exosmosis is know as plasmolysis. When a plasmolysed cell is placed in water, the concentration of water in the outside medium is more than the concentration in the cell. Hence, water moves inside the cell leading to its swelling.

2.What is plasma membrane ? What are its functions?

Answers

Plasma membrane also called as cell membrane, is the outer covering of a cell that separates its contents from the surrounding medium. It is made up of lipids and proteins, and provides a mechanical barrier to protect the inner contents of the cell. It encloses the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.

3.What do you mean by a nucleoid?

Answer

In prokaryotes and lower organisms like bacteria, the nuclear region of the cell may be poorly defined because of the absence of a nuclear membrane. Such an undefined and incipient nucleic region containing only naked nucleic acids without any membrane covering them is called a nucleoid.

4.(a) Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life?
(b) Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane ?
(c) Name the factor which decides the movement of water across the plasma membrane.

Answer

(a) Because shape and size of cells are related to specific functions they perform. Cells constitute various components of plants and animals.

(b) Because it permits exit and entry of some selected materials in and out of the cells.

(c) Amount of substance dissolved in water or solute concentration.

5. (i) Where are chromosomes present in the cell? What is their chemical composition?
(ii) How many pairs of chromosomes are present in humans?

Answer

(i) Chromosomes are present in the nucleus of a cell. Their chemical composition is of DNA, RNA and proteins.

Prokaryotic cell	Eukaryotic cell
Most prokaryotes are unicellular.	Most eukaryotes are multicellular.
Size of the cell is generally small (0.5- 5 µm).	Size of the cell is generally large (50- 100 µm).
Nuclear region is poorly defined due to the absence of a nuclear membrane or the cell lacks true nucleus.	Nuclear region is well-defined and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, or true nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane is present in the cell.
It contains a single chromosome.	It contains more than one chromosome.
Nucleolus is absent.	Nucleolus is present.
Membrane-bound cell organelles such as plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc. are absent.	Cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc. are present.
Cell division occurs through binary fission	Cell division occurs by mitosis.
Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and blue-green algae.	Eukaryotic cells are found in fungi, plants, and animal cells.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. Why are lysosomes known as suicide bags?

Answer

Lysosomes are called suicide bags because in case of disturbance of their cellular metabolism they digest their own cell by releasing own enzymes.

12.Where are proteins synthesized inside the cell?

Answer

The proteins are synthesized in the Ribosome inside the cell.

13.Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.

Animal cell	Plant cell
They do not have a cell wall.	They have a cell wall made up of cellulose.
They do not have chloroplast.	They contain chloroplast.
They have centrosome.	They do not have centrosome.
Vacuoles are smaller in size.	Vacuoles are larger in size.
Lysosomes are larger in number.	Lysosomes are absent or very few in number
Prominent Golgi bodies are present.	Subunits of Golgi bodies known as dictyosomes are present.

14.Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?

Answer

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of cells because energy required for various chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecules.

15.Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesized?

Answer

Lipids are synthesized in Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the proteins are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

16.How does an Amoeba obtain its food?

Answer

Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a food-vacuole as shown in figure. Inside the food vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into the cytoplasm. The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

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NCERT Most Important question & Solutions for class-9 Chapter-2 Is Matter Around us Pure (Chemistry)

The start of class 9 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 9 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 9 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 9 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 9 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 9 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.Describe any three properties of colloid.

Answer

(i) It is a heterogenous mixture.
(ii) Size of particles is too small to be seen by naked eye.
(iii) They scatter light passing through them making its path visible.
(iv) They do not settle down when left undisturbed.
(v) They cannot be separated by the process of filtration.

2.State the principle of separating two immiscible liquids by separating funnel. Describe an activity with diagram to separate a mixture of water and kerosene oil.

Answer

Immiscible layers separate out in layers depending on their densities in the separating funnel.


Activity to separate kerosene oil from water using a separating funnel:

• Pour the mixture of kerosene oil and water in the separating funnel as shown in the figure.

3.Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid.

Answer

True solution	Colloid
A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.	A colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two substances.
The size of the particles is less than one nanometer.	The range of particle size is between one nanometer to 1000 nanometer.
It is always transparent.	It is translucent.
The particles cannot be seen even with microscope.	The particles of a colloidal solution can be seen with microscope.
It does not show Tyndall effect.	It shows Tyndall effect.

4.Distinguish between physical change and chemical change.

Answer

Physical change	Chemical change
In a physical change, only physical properties such as colour, physical state, density, volume etc. change, chemical properties remain unchanged.	In a chemical change, the chemical composition and chemical properties undergo a change.
No new substance is formed in a physical change.	A new substance is formed in a chemical change.
Very little or no energy in the form of heat, light or sound is usually absorbed or given out in physical change.	A chemical change is always accompanied by a absorption or evolution of energy.
A physical change is a temporary change.	A chemical change is a permanent change.
The original form of substance can be regained by simple physical methods.	Original substance cannot be obtained by simple physical methods.
A physical change is reversible.	A chemical change is irreversible.

5. ‘Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture.’ Comment.

Answer

Sea water is a mixture of salts and water which cannot be separated except by evaporation. Therefore, sea water is considered homogeneous. Sea water also contains mud, decayed plant, etc., other than salts and water, so it is heterogeneous also.

6.Based on which factor a solution is said to be diluted, concentrated or saturated?
Answer
A solution is said to be diluted, concentrated or saturated on the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in the solution.

7.List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Answer

Homogeneous mixtures	Heterogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition.	Heterogeneous mixtures have non uniform composition.
It has no visible boundaries of separation between its constituents.	It has visible boundaries of separation between its constituents.

8.How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?

Answer

Sol	Solution	Suspension
They are heterogeneous in nature.	They are homogeneous in nature.	They are heterogeneous in nature.
They scatter a beam of light and hence show Tyndall effect.	They do not scatter a beam of light and hence do not show Tyndall effect	They scatter a beam of light and hence show Tyndall effect.
They are quite stable.	Examples of solution are: salt in water, sugar in water.	Examples of suspension are: sand in water, dusty air

9.To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.

Answer

Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g (Given)
Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g (Given)
Then, mass of solution = Mass of solute + Mass of solvent
= (36 + 100) g
= 136 g

 

10.How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points is more than 25°C), which are miscible with each other?

Answer

Kerosene and petrol are miscible liquids also the difference between their boiling point is more than 25 ºC so they can be separated by the method of distillation.

 

In this method, the mixture of kerosene and petrol is taken in a distillation flask with a thermometer fitted in it. We also need a beaker, a water condenser, and a Bunsen burner. The apparatus is arranged as shown in the above figure. Then, the mixture is heated slowly. The thermometer should be watched simultaneously. Kerosene will vaporize and condense in the water condenser. The condensed kerosene is collected from the condenser outlet, whereas petrol is left behind in the distillation flask.

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