The Story of Village Palampur Notes of Ch 1 | Class 9th Economics

Study Material and Notes of Ch 1 The Story of Village Palampur Class 9th Economics
A story of a hypothetical village called Palampur.
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A story of a hypothetical village called Palampur.
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Air, water, stones, sand, clouds, pencils, books – Everything is made up of matter. Matter is everything in this universe that occupies space and has mass.
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The NTSE 2021 syllabus is the same for NTSE stage 1 and stage 2. However the difficulty level of the questions will increase. Students can refer to the syllabus of NTSE exam to prepare for the upcoming NTSE 2021-22 exam. Below, we have given NTSE MAT syllabus and NTSE SAT syllabus for reference.
The NTSE MAT syllabus comprises questions that will test students’ thinking ability, reasoning etc. Check the following tables to know the verbal and non-verbal syllabus:
| Analogy | Puzzle Test | Alphabet Test |
| Classification | Logical Venn diagrams | Blood relations |
| Series | Logical sequence of words | Verification of truth of the statement |
| Coding-Decoding | Problems on clocks | Analytical Reasoning |
| Direction Sense Test | Series completion test | Arithmetical reasoning test |
| Mathematical operations | Inserting a missing character | Tests |
| Classification | Series | Analogy |
| Transparent paper folding | Embedded figure | Dot fixing situation |
| Analytical Reasoning | Water images | Problems on cubes and dice |
| Incomplete Figures | Folding Paper cutting | – |
There is no specified syllabus of NTSE exam by NCERT. But the NTSE exam syllabus majorly depends on NTSE syllabus for class 10 and 9. Science, Social Science and Mathematics are the integral parts of NTSE syllabus 2021. Here are the major topics of NTSE 2021 syllabus which are mandatory for stage 1 and stage 2 exams:
| Algebraic Expressions | Arithmetic | Arithmetic Progressions |
| Basic Geometry | Direct & Inverse Variations | Coordinate Geometry |
| Percentage & Its Application | Exponent | Statistics |
| Mensuration | Number System | Square & Cube Roots |
| Playing with Number | Surface Areas and Volume | Quadratic Equations |
| Rational Numbers | Trigonometry | Circles & Triangles |
| Linear Equation | Probability | Simple & Compound Interest |
| Acid Bases and Salts | Carbon and its Compound | Air |
| Cellular Level of Organization | Fibres and Plastics | Diversity in Living Organisms |
| Food Production & Management | Human Body | Heredity and Evolution |
| Life Processes | Magnetic & Electricity at Work | Light |
| Measurement | Micro-Organisms | Metals & Non-Metals |
| Motion and Force | Periodic Classification of Elements | Our Environment |
| Reproduction | Some Common Diseases | Soil |
| Sound | Structure of Atom | Sound of Energy |
| The Universe | Work and Energy | Water |
| Agriculture | Atmosphere | Biosphere |
| British Raj | Culture, Science and Literature | Democracy and Elections |
| Diversity and Livelihood | Early Medieval Period | Early States |
| Eighteen Century Political Formation | Introduction and Sources of Ancient Indian History | India and its Neighbours |
| Local and State Government | Indian Economics | Indian Freedom Struggle |
| Indus Valley Civilization | Industrial Revolution | Industries |
| Internal Structure of the Earth and Rocks | Resources and Development | Jainism, Buddhism and Conquerors from Distant Lands |
| The Delhi Sultanate | The Mughal Empire | Motion of the Earth |
| Nationalism in Various Countries | Vedic Period | New Empires and Kingdoms |
| The Judiciary | Popular Movements and Social Reforms | Population |
| UN and International Agencies | Medieval Architecture and Culture | Natural Vegetation |
| French Revolution | Our Country- India | Union Government |
| Indian Constitution | Solar System | The Mauryas |
| Water Resources | World History | – |
Along with NTSE syllabus 2021-22, students are also advised to be familiar with the paper pattern of the exam. Thus they can devise their own strategy to cover the NTSE exam syllabus and ace the exam. The NTSE exam pattern for both the stages of NTSE Examination is similar and details about the same have been provided below:
| Particulars | Paper-I: MAT | Paper-II: SAT |
| Mode of exam | Offline (OMR based) | |
| Sections | Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning | Science, Maths, Social Science |
| Type of questions | Multiple Choice Questions | Multiple Choice Questions |
| Number of questions | 100 | 100 |
| Marks | 100 | 100 (Science-40, Maths-20, Social Science-40) |
| Exam Duration | 2 hours (120 minutes) | 2 hours (120 minutes) |
| Marking scheme | 1 mark is awarded for each correct answerNo marks will be deducted for incorrect or unattempted answers | |
| Qualifying Criteria | 40% in each MAT and SAT section32% for reserved categories in MAT and SAT sections separately. |
CBSE Syllabus 2022-2023: The Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE has released the syllabus for Classes 9th-12th for the new academic session 2022-2023. At the same time, the board has also released a circular in which it has clearly stated that “Considering the feedback of stakeholders and other prevailing conditions, the Board will conduct the annual scheme of assessment at the end of the Academic Session 2022-23 and the curriculum has been designed accordingly.” To check more details shared by the board, check the circular released officially on the board’s website, cbse.nic.in.
CBSE Syllabus 2022-2023: The Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE has released the syllabus for Classes 9th-12th for the new academic session 2022-2023. At the same time, the board has also released a circular in which it has clearly stated that “Considering the feedback of stakeholders and other prevailing conditions, the Board will conduct the annual scheme of assessment at the end of the Academic Session 2022-23 and the curriculum has been designed accordingly.” To check more details shared by the board, check the circular released officially on the board’s website, cbse.nic.in.
CBSE Syllabus 2022-2023: The Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE has released the syllabus for Classes 9th-12th for the new academic session 2022-2023. At the same time, the board has also released a circular in which it has clearly stated that “Considering the feedback of stakeholders and other prevailing conditions, the Board will conduct the annual scheme of assessment at the end of the Academic Session 2022-23 and the curriculum has been designed accordingly.” To check more details shared by the board, check the circular released officially on the board’s website, cbse.nic.in.
Here we have provided CBSE Syllabus for all important subjects of Class 12 in PDF format. Students can download the subject-wise CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2022-23 from the following links.
I. Multiple Choice questions based on one unseen passage to assess comprehension, interpretation and inference. Vocabulary and inference of meaning will also be assessed. The passage may be factual, descriptive or literary. Ten out of eleven questions to be done. (10×1=10 Marks)
II. Multiple Choice questions based on one unseen case-based factual passage with verbal/visual inputs like statistical data, charts, newspaper report etc. Ten out of eleven questions to be done. (10×1=10 Marks)
Note: The combined word limit for both the passages will be 700-750 words.
III. Multiple Choice Questions based on two prose extracts, one each from the books Flamingo and Vistas, to assess comprehension and appreciation. Refer to the lines to answer questions based on the given extract. Any 2 out of 3extracts to be done. (8×1=8)
IV. Multiple Choice Questions based on a poetry extract from the book Flamingo to assess comprehension, analysis and inference. Refer to the lines to answer questions based on the given extract. Any 1 out of 2 extracts to be done.(4×1=4)
V. Multiple Choice Questions to assess comprehension, analysis, inference and interpretation from the books Flamingo and Vistas. Eight out of ten questions to be done.(8×1=8)
Q1. Short writing task –Notice/Advertisement up to 50 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered. (3 Marks: Format : 1 / Content : 1 / Expression : 1).
Q2. Short writing task –Formal/Informal Invitation and Reply up to 50 words.One out of the two given questions to be answered. (3 Marks: Format: 1 / Content: 1 / Expression: 1)
Q3. Letters based on verbal/visual input, to be answered in approximately 120-150 words. Letter types include application for a job, Letters to the editor (giving suggestions or opinion on issues of public interest) . One out of the two given questions to be answered (5 Marks :Format: 1 / Content: 2 / Expression: 2)
Q4. Article/ Report Writing, descriptive and analytical in nature, based on verbal inputs, to be answered in 120-150 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered (5 Marks: Format : 1 / Content : 2 / Expression : 2)
Q6. Five Short answer type questions, out of six, from Prose and Poetry from the book Flamingo, to be answered in 30-40 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. (5×2=10)
Q7. Two Short answer type questions, out of three, from Prose (Vistas), to be answered in 30-40 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. (2×2=4)
Q 8. One Long answer type question, from Prose/poetry (Flamingo), to be answered in 120-150 words to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to provide evaluative and analytical responses using incidents, events, themes as reference points. Any 1 out of 2 questions to be done. (1×5=5)
Q.9 One Long answer type question, based on the chapters from the book Vistas, to be answered in 120-150 words to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to provide evaluative and analytical responses using incidents, events, themes as reference points. Any 1 out of 2 questions to be done.(1×5=5)
1. Flamingo: English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi
2. Vistas: Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi
Deleted Topics
Reading
Note Making & Summarizing
Literature
1. Poets and Pancakes 1. A Roadside Stand
2. The Interview
3. Going Places
1. The Tiger King
2. Journey to the end of the Earth
3. Memories of Childhood
· Poster making
· Business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies)
· Speech, Debate
English CORE XII (Code No. 301)
| Section | Competencies | Total Marks | % |
| Reading Comprehension | Conceptual understanding, decoding,Analyzing, inferring, interpreting, appreciating, literary, conventions and vocabulary, summarizing and using appropriate format/s | 20 | 25% |
| Creative Writing Skills | Conceptual Understanding, application ofrules, Analysis, Reasoning, appropriacy of style and tone, using appropriate format and fluency, inference, analysis, evaluation and creativity | 16 | 20% |
| Literature Textbooks and Supplementary Reading Text | Recalling, reasoning, appreciating literaryconvention, inference, analysis, creativity with fluency | 44 | 55% |
| TOTAL | 80 | 100% | |
| Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills | 20 | – | |
| GRAND TOTAL | 100 |
Theory, Max. Marks 70
• Meaning & Objectives Of Planning
• Various Committees & its Responsibilities (pre; during & post)
• Tournament – Knock-Out, League Or Round Robin & Combination
• Procedure To Draw Fixtures – Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding) & League (Staircase & Cyclic)
• Intramural & Extramural – Meaning, Objectives & Its Significance
• Specific Sports Programme (Sports Day, Health Run, Run For Fun, Run For Specific Cause & Run For Unity)
• Balanced Diet & Nutrition: Macro & Micro Nutrients
• Nutritive & Non-Nutritive Components Of Diet
• Eating For Weight Control – A Healthy Weight, The Pitfalls of Dieting, Food Intolerance & Food Myths
• Asanas as preventive measures
• Obesity: Procedure, Benefits & contraindications for Vajrasana, Hastasana, Trikonasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana
• Diabetes: Procedure, Benefits & contraindications for Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana
• Asthema: Procedure, Benefits & contraindications for Sukhasana, Chakrasana, Gomukhasana, Parvatasana, Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana
• Hypertension: Tadasana, Vajrasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardha Chakrasana, Bhujangasana, Shavasana
• Back Pain: Tadasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana, Vakrasana, Shalabhasana, Bhujangasana
• Concept of Disability & Disorder
• Types of Disability, its causes & nature (cognitive disability, intellectual disability, physical disability)
• Types of Disorder, its cause & nature (ADHD, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD)
• Disability Etiquettes
• Advantage of Physical Activities for children with special needs
• Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special need.
• Motor development & factors affecting it
• Exercise Guidelines at different stages of growth & Development
• Common Postural Deformities – Knock Knee; Flat Foot; Round Shoulders; Lordosis, Kyphosis, Bow Legs and Scoliosis and their corrective measures
• Sports participation of women in India
• Special consideration (Menarche & Menstrual Dysfunction)
• Female Athletes Triad (Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea, Eating Disorders)
o Motor Fitness Test – 50 M Standing Start, 600 M Run/Walk, Sit & Reach, Partial Curl Up, Push Ups (Boys), Modified Push Ups (Girls), Standing Broad Jump, Agility – 4×10 M Shuttle Run
o General Motor Fitness – Barrow three item general motor ability (Standing Broad
Jump, Zig Zag Run, Medicine Ball Put – For Boys: 03 Kg & For Girls: 01 Kg)
o Measurement of Cardiovascular Fitness – Harvard Step Test/Rockport Test Computation of Fitness Index:(Duration of the Exercise in Seconds x 100)/(5.5 x Pulse count of 1-1.5 Min after Exercise)
o Rikli & Jones – Senior Citizen Fitness Test
1. Chair Stand Test for lower body strength
2. Arm Curl Test for upper body strength
3. Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility
4. Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
5. Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility
6. Six Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance
• Physiological factor determining component of Physical Fitness
• Effect of exercise on Cardiorespiratory System
• Effect of exercise on Muscular System
• Physiological changes due to ageing
• Sports injuries: Classification (Soft Tissue Injuries:(Abrasion, Contusion,
Laceration, Incision, Sprain & Strain) Bone & Joint Injuries: (Dislocation, Fractures: Stress Fracture, Green Stick, Comminuted, Transverse Oblique & Impacted) Causes, Prevention & treatment
• First Aid – Aims & Objectives
• Meaning and Importance of Biomechanics in Sports
• Types of movements (Flexion, Extension, Abduction & Adduction)
• Newton’s Law of Motion & its application in sports
• Friction & Sports
• Personality; its definition & types – Trait & Types (Sheldon & Jung Classification) & Big Five Theory
• Motivation, its type & techniques
• Exercise Adherence; Reasons to Exercise, Benefits of Exercise
• Strategies for Enhancing Adherence to Exercise
• Meaning, Concept & Types of Aggressions in Sports
• Strength – Definition, types & methods of improving Strength – Isometric, Isotonic & Isokinetic
• Endurance – Definition, types & methods to develop Endurance – Continuous Training, Interval Training & Fartlek Training
• Speed – Definition, types & methods to develop Speed – Acceleration Run & Pace
Run
• Flexibility – Definition, types & methods to improve flexibility
• Coordinative Abilities – Definition & types
• Circuit Training – Introduction & its importance
01. Physical Fitness Test – 6 Marks
02. Proficiency in Games and Sports (Skill of any one Game of choice from the given list*) – 7 Marks
03. Yogic Practices – 7 Marks
04. Record File ** – 5 Marks
05. Viva Voce (Health/ Games & Sports/ Yoga) – 5 Marks
* Basketball, Football, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Volleyball, Handball, Hockey, Cricket, Bocce & Unified Basketball [CWSN (Children With Special Needs – Divyang)]**Record File shall include:
Practical-1: Fitness tests administration for all items.
Practical-2: Procedure for Asanas, Benefits & Contraindication for any two Asanas for each lifestyle disease.
Practical-3: Procedure for administering Senior Citizen Fitness Test for 5 elderly family members.
Practical-4: Any one game of your choice out of the list above. Labelled diagram of field & equipment (Rules, Terminologies & Skills).
Download CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Syllabus 2021-22 (New)
CBSE Syllabus 2022-2023: The Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE has released the syllabus for Classes 9th-12th for the new academic session 2022-2023. At the same time, the board has also released a circular in which it has clearly stated that “Considering the feedback of stakeholders and other prevailing conditions, the Board will conduct the annual scheme of assessment at the end of the Academic Session 2022-23 and the curriculum has been designed accordingly.” To check more details shared by the board, check the circular released officially on the board’s website, cbse.nic.in.
Here we have provided CBSE Syllabus for all important subjects of Class 12 in PDF format. Students can download the subject-wise CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2022-23 from the following links.

रामधारी सिंह दिनकर
इनका जन्म बिहार के मुंगेर जिले के सिमरिया गाँव में 30 सितम्बर 1908 को हुआ। वे सन 1952 में राज्यसभा के सदस्य मनोनीत किये गए। भारत सरकार ने इन्हें ‘ पद्मभूषण ’ अलंकरण से अलंकॄत किया। दिनकर जी को ‘ संस्कृति के चार अध्याय ’ पुस्तक पर साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार मिला।अपनी काव्यकृति ‘ उर्वशी ’ पर ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया। दिनकर ओज के कवि माने जाते हैं। दिनकर की सबसे बड़ी विशेषता है अपने देश और युग के प्रति सजगता।
‘गीत-अगीत’ कविता में कवि ने प्रकृति के सौंदर्य के अतिरिक्त जीव-जतुंओं के ममत्व, मानवीय राग और प्रेमभाव का भी सजीव चित्रण है। कवि को नदी के प्रवाह में थट के विरह का गीत का सॄजन होता जान पड़ता है। उन्हें शुक-शुकी के क्रिया-कलापों में भी गीत सुनाई देता है। कहीं एक प्रेमी अपनी प्रेमिका को बुलाने के लिए गीत गा रहा है जिसे सुनकर प्रेमिका आंनदित होती है। कवि का मानना है कि नदी और शुक गीत सृजन या गीत-गान भले ही न कर रहे हों, पर दरअसल वहाँ गीत का सृजन और गान भी हो रहा है। वे यह नही समझ पा रहे हैं कौन ज्यादा सुन्दर है – प्रकृति के द्वारा किए जा रहे क्रियाकलाप या फिर मनुष्य द्वारा गाया जाने वाला गीत।

गाकर गीत विरह के तटिनी
वेगवती बहती जाती है,
दिल हलका कर लेने को
उपलों से कुछ कहती जाती है।
तट पर एक गुलाब सोचता,
“देते स्वर यदि मुझे विधाता,
अपने पतझर के सपनों का
मैं भी जग को गीत सुनाता।गा-गाकर बह रही निर्झरी,
पाटल मूक खड़ा तट पर है।
गीत, अगीत, कौन सुंदर है?
रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की कविता गीत अगीत भावार्थ : रामधारी सिंह दिनकर जी की कविता गीत अगीत की इन पंक्तियों में कवि ने जंगलों एवं पहाड़ों के बीच बहती हुई एक नदी का बड़ा ही आकर्षक वर्णन किया है। उन्होंने कहा है कि विरह अर्थात बिछड़ने का गीत गाती हुई नदी, अपने मार्ग में बड़ी तेजी से बहती जाती है।
अपने दिल से विरह का बोझ हल्का करने के लिए नदी, अपने किनारों पर उगी घास व उपलों से बात करते हुए आगे बढ़ती चली जा रही है। वहीँ दूसरी ओर, नदी के किनारे तट पर उगा हुआ एक गुलाब का फूल यह सोच रहा है कि अगर भगवान उसे भी बोलने की शक्ति देता, तो वह भी गा-गा कर सारे जगत को अपने पतझड़ के सपनों का गीत सुनाता।
तो इस प्रकार, जहाँ एक ओर नदी अपनी विरह के गीत गाते हुए, कल-कल की आवाज़ करते हुए बह रही है, वहीँ दूसरी ओर, गुलाब का पौधा चुपचाप अपने गीत को अपने मन में दबाये किनारे पर खड़ा हुआ नदी को बहते देख रहा है।
बैठा शुक उस घनी डाल पर
जो खोंते को छाया देती।
पंख फुला नीचे खोंते में
शुकी बैठ अंडे है सेती।
गाता शुक जब किरण वसंती
छूती अंग पर्ण से छनकर।
किंतु, शुकी के गीत उमड़कर
रह जाते सनेह में सनकर।गूँज रहा शुक का स्वर वन में,
फूला मग्न शुकी का पर है।
गीत, अगीत, कौन सुंदर है?
रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की कविता गीत अगीत भावार्थ : खेतों में एक घने वृक्ष पर तोता बैठा हुआ है और उसी वृक्ष की छांव में उसका घोंसला है। जिसमें मैना बड़े प्यार से अपने पंखों को फैलाये अंडे से रही है। ऊपर पेड़ की डाल पर तोता बैठा हुआ है, जिसके ऊपर पेड़ के पत्तों से छनकर सूर्य की किरणें पड़ रही हैं।
वह गाते हुए ऐसा प्रतीत हो रहा है, मानो सूर्य की किरणों को शब्द प्रदान कर रहा हो। पूरा का पूरा खेत तोते के स्वर से गूंज उठता है। जिसे सुनकर मैना भी गाने को उमड़ पड़ती है, परन्तु उसके स्वर बाहर नहीं निकल पाते और वह चुप रहकर ही पंख फैलाते हुए अपनी ख़ुशी का इज़हार करती है।
दो प्रेमी हैं यहाँ, एक जब
बड़े साँझ आल्हा गाता है,
पहला स्वर उसकी राधा को
घर से यहीं खींच लाता है।
चोरी-चोरी खड़ी नीम की
छाया में छिपकर सुनती है,
हुई न क्यों मैं कड़ी गीत की
बिधना’, यों मन में गुनती है।वह गाता, पर किसी वेग से
फूल रहा इसका अंतर है।
गीत, अगीत कौन सुंदर है?
रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की कविता गीत अगीत भावार्थ : रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की कविता गीत-अगीत की इन पंक्तियों में कवि ने दो प्रेमियों का वर्णन किया है। एक प्रेमी जब शाम के समय अपनी प्रेमिका को बुलाने के लिए गीत गाता है, तो वो उसके स्वर को सुनकर खिंची चली आती है और पेड़ों के पीछे छुपकर चुपचाप अपने प्रेमी को गाते हुए सुनती है। वह सोचती है कि मैं इस गाने का हिस्सा क्यों नहीं हूँ। नीम के पेड़ों के नीचे अपने प्रेमी के गीत को सुनकर उसका हृदय फूला नहीं समाता। वह चुपचाप अपने प्रेमी के गीत का आनंद लेती रहती है।
इस प्रकार जहाँ एक ओर प्रेमी गीत गाकर अपनी सुंदरता का बखान कर रहा है, वहीँ दूसरी ओर, चुप रहकर भी प्रेमिका उतने ही प्रभावशाली रूप से अपने प्यार को व्यक्त कर रही है। इसलिए उसका अगीत भी किसी मधुर गीत से कम नहीं है।