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Short Answer Type Question:

Q.1 Define ‘Organising’?

ANSWER: Organising can be defined as a process that initiates impleme­ntation of plans by clarifying jobs and working relationships and effectively deploying resources for attainment of identified and desired results.

Q.2 What are the steps in the process of organising?

ANSWER: The steps in the process of organising are:

→ Identification and division of work:  The first step in the process of organising involves identifying and dividing the work that has to be done in accordance with previously determined plans.

→ Departmentalisation: Once work has been divided into small and manageable activities then those activities which are similar in nature are grouped together.

→ Assignment of duties: It is necessary to define the work of different job positions and accordingly allocate work to various employees.
→ Establishing reporting relation ships: Each individual should also know who he has to take orders from and to whom he is accountable.

Q.3 Discuss the elements of delegation.

ANSWER: The elements of delegation are:

→ Authority: It refers to the right of an individual to command his subordinates and to take action within the scope of his position. It also refers to the right to take decisions inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and expect them to do it.

→ Responsibility: Responsibility is the obligation of a subor­dinate to properly perform the assigned duty. It arises from a superior – subordinate relationship because the subor­dinate is bound to perform the duty assigned to him by his superior.

→ Accountability: It implies being answerable for the final outcome. Once authority has been delegated and responsibility accepted, one cannot deny accountability.

Q.4 What does the term ‘Span of management’ refer to?
ANSWER: Span of management refers to the number of subordinates that can be effectively managed by a superior. This determines the levels of management in the structure.

Q.5 Under what circumstances would functional structure prove to be an appropriate choice?

ANSWER: If an organisation is large, has a diversified activities and operations require a high degree of specialisation then functional structure prove to be an appropriate choice.

Q.6 Draw a diagram depicting a divisional structure.

ANSWER:

Q.7 Can a large sized organisation be totally centralised of decentralised? Give your opinion.
ANSWER: No, a large sized organisation can never be completely centralised or decent­ralised. As it grows in size and comp­lexity , there is a tendency to move towards decentralised decision making. This is because in large organisations those employees who are directly and closely involved with certain operations tend to have more knowledge about them than the top management which may only be indirectly associated with individual operations. Hence, there is a need for a balance between these co­existing forces. Thus, it can be said that every organisation will be characterised by both centralisation and decentralisation.

Q.8 Decentralisation is extending delegation to the lowest level. Comment.

ANSWER: Decentralisation is extending delegation to the lowest level. Decentralisation refers to delegation of authority throughout all the levels of the organisation. Decision making authority is shared with lower levels and is consequently placed nearest to the points of action. Delegation refers to the downward transfer of authority from a superior to a subordinate. Delegation is a process and decentralisation is end result.
For Example: If a CEO of an organisation gives responsibility to production head for the production for specific units of products. The production head shares his responsibility of hiring workers with his managers. Managers shares his responsibility of supervising the workers with supervisors. Therefore, the delegation at each level leads to decentralisation.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Q.1Why is delegation considered essential for effective organising?
  ANSWER: Effective delegation leads to the following benefits
(i) Effective Management By empowering the employees, the managers are able to function more efficiently as they get more time to concentrate on important matters. This makes the working of all the levels effective and efficient.
(ii) Employee Development As a result of delegation, employees get more opportunities to utilise their talent and this may give rise to talent abilities in them. It makes them better leaders and decision makers. Delegation empowers the employees by providing them with the chance to use their skills, gain experience and develop themselves for higher positions.
(iii) Motivation of Employees Delegation helps in developing the talents of the employees. It also has psychological benefits. Responsibility for work builds the self-esteem of an employee and improves his confidence. He feels encouraged and tries to improve his performance further.
(iv) Facilitation of Growth Delegation helps in the expansion of an organisation by providing a ready workforce to take up leading positions in new ventures. Trained and experienced employees are able to play significant roles in the launch of new projects.
(v) Basis of Management Hierarchy Delegation of authority establishes superior-subordinate, which are the basis of hierarchy of management. The extent of delegated authority also decides the power that each job position enjoys in the organisation.
(vi) Better Co-ordination Due to delegation work, duties, power all becomes very clear. This helps to avoid overlapping of duties and duplication of effort as it gives a clear picture of the work being done at various levels. Such clarity in reporting relationships help in developing and maintaining effective coordination amongst the departments, levels and functions of management.

Q.2 What is a divisional structure? Discuss its advantages and limitations.
ANSWER: A divisional structure comprises of separate business units or divisions. Each unit has a divisional manager responsible for performance and who has authority over the unit. Generally, manpower is grouped on the basis of different products manufactured.
Merits
(i) Skill Development Product specialisation helps in the development of varied skills in a divisional head and this prepares him for higher positions as he gains experience in all functions.
(ii) Accountability Divisional heads are accountable for profits, as revenues and costs related to different departments, can be easily identified and assigned to them. This provides proper basis for performance measurement.
(iii) Quick Decision Making It promotes flexibility and initiative because each division functions as an autonomous unit which leads to faster decision making.
(iv) Facilitates Expansion It facilitates growth as new divisions can be added without interrupting the existing operations, by merely adding another divisional head and staff for the new product line.
Demerits
The divisional structure has certain disadvantages
(i) Conflicts Conflicts may arise among different divisions with reference to allocation of funds.
(ii) Higher Cost Providing each division with separate set of similar functions increases expenditure.
(iii) Ignoring Organisational Goals It provides managers with the authority to supervise all activities related to a particular division. In course of time, such a manager may gain power and in a bid to assert his independence may ignore organisational interests.

Q.3 Decentralisation is an optional policy. Explain why an organisation would choose to be decentralised.
ANSWER:  Decentralisation is much more than mere transfer of authority to the lower levels of management hierarchy. Its importance can be understood from the following points
(i) Develops Initiative Among Subordinates When lower managerial levels are given freedom to take their own decisions they learn to depend on their judgement. A decentralised policy helps to identify those executives, who have the necessary potential to become dynamic leaders.
(ii) Develops Managerial Talent for the Future Formal training plays an important part in equipping subordinates with skills that help them rise in the organisation, but equally important is the experience gained by handling assignments independently. It gives them a chance to prove their abilities and creates a reservoir of qualified manpower.
(iii) Quick Decision Making In a decentralised organisation, however, since decisions are taken at levels, which are nearest to the points of action and there is no requirement for approval from many levels the process is much faster.
(iv) Relief to Top Management Decentralisation leaves the top management with more time, which they can devote to important policy decisions rather than occupying their time with both policy as well as operational decisions.
(v) Facilitates Growth Decentralisation awards greater autonomy to the lower levels of management as well as divisional or departmental heads. This allows them to function in a manner best suited to their department and develops a sense of competition amongst the departments, consequently, the productivity levels increase and the organisation is able to generate more returns, which can be used for expansion purposes.
(vi) Better Control Decentralisation makes it possible to evaluate performance at each level and the departments can be individually held accountable for their results. The extent of achievement of organisational objectives as well as the contribution of each department in meeting, the over all objectives can be ascertained

Q.4 How does informal organisation support the formal organisation?
ANSWER: The informal organisation offers many benefits. Important among them are given as follows
(i) Quick Feedback Prescribed lines of communication are not followed. Thus, the informal organisation leads to faster spread of information as well as quick feedback.
(ii) Social Needs It helps to fulfill social needs of the members and allows them to find like minded people. This enhances their job satisfaction, since it gives them a sense of belongingness in the organisation.
(iii) Organisational Objectives It contributes towards fulfilment of organisational objectives by compensating for inadequacies in the formal organisation e.g., feedbacks on new policies etc can be tested through informal network.

Q.5 Distinguish between centralisation and decentralisation.
ANSWER: Difference between centralisation and decentralisation.

Q.6How is a functional structure different from a divisional structure?
ANSWER:  Difference between functional and divisional structure

Short Answer Type Question:

Q.1 What are the main points in the definition of planning.

ANSWER: The main points in the definition of planning are:
• It means deciding in advance what to do and how to do.
• A basic managerial function.
• It requires taking decisions since it involves making a choice from alternative courses of action.
• It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives.
• It has to have a given time frame.

Q.2 How does planning provide direction?

ANSWER: Planning provide direction by stating in advance how work is to be done. It ensures that the goals or objectives are clearly stated so that they act as a guide for deciding what action should be taken and in which direction. If goals are well defined, employees are aware of what the organisation has to do and what they must do to achieve those goals.

Q.3 Do you think planning can work in a changing environment?

ANSWER: No, planning may not work in a changing environment because it becomes difficult to accurately assess future trends in the environment if economic policies are modified or political conditions in the country are not stable or there is a natural calamity. Competition in the market can also upset financial plans, sales targets may have to be revised and, accordingly, cash budgets also need to be modified since they are based on sales figures. Planning cannot foresee everything and thus, there may be obstacles to effective planning.
Q.4 If planning involves working out details for the future, why does it not ensure success?

ANSWER: Planning does not guarantee success. The success of an enterprise is possible only when plans are properly drawn up and implemented. Any plan needs to be translated into action or it becomes meaningless. Managers have a tendency to rely on previously tried and tested successful plans. It is not always true that just because a plan has worked before it will work again. Besides, there are so many other unknown factors to be considered. This kind of complacency and false sense of security may actually lead to failure instead of success.

Q.5 Why are rules considered to be plans?

ANSWER: Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done. They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion. It reflects a managerial decision that a certain action must or must not be taken. They are usually the simplest type of plans because there is no compromise or change unless a policy decision is taken.

Q.6 What kind of strategic decisions are taken by business organisations.

ANSWER: Major strategic decisions will include decisions like whether the organisation will continue to be in the same line of business, or combine new lines of activity with the existing business or seek to acquire a dominant position in the same market.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Q.1 Why is it that organisations are not always able to accomplish all their objectives?

ANSWER: Organisations are not always able to accomplish all their objectives due to the following reasons
(i) Planning Leads to Rigidity In an organisation a well defined plan is drawn up with specific goals to be achieved, with in a specific time frame. These plans then decide how the work will progress in the future and managers may not be in a position to change it. This creates a problem as flexibility is very important. Always adhering to the plan may not give us the desired results always.
(ii)Planning May not Work in a Dynamic Environment The business environment is dynamic, nothing is constant. The business environment is a totality of external forces, where in some changes or the other keep on taking place. Plans decide in advance what has to be done in future. Planning cannot foresee everything and thus there may be obstacles to effective planning.
(iii) Planning Reduces Creativity Planning is generally done by the top management. Usually the rest of the members just implements these plans. As a consequence, middle management and other decisions makers are neither allowed to deviate from plans nor are they permitted to act on their own, thus planning in a way reduces creativity since people tend to think along the same lines as others, there is nothing new or innovative.
(iv) Planning Involves Huge Cost Planning involves huge cost in their formulation. These may be in terms of time and money. The costs incurred sometimes may not justify the benefits derived from the plans.
(v) Planning is a Time Consuming Process Sometimes plans to be drawn take up so much of time that there is not much time left for their implementation and the objectives to be achieved.
(iv) Planning does not Guarantee Success Any plans needs to be translated into action or it becomes meaningless. Managers have a tendency to rely on previously tried and tested successful plans. It is not always true that just because a plan has worked before it will work again.

Q.2 What are the main features to be considered by the management while planning?
ANSWER: The main features to be considered by the management while planning are
(i) It Focuses on Achieving Objectives Planning is purposeful. Planning has no meaning unless it contributes to the achievement of predetermined organisational goals
(ii) It is the Primary Function Planning lays down the base for other functions of management. All other managerial functions are performed within the framework of the plans drawn. Thus, planning precedes other function.
(iii) Planning is Pervasive Planning is required at all levels of management as well as in all departments of the organisations. The top management undertakes planning for the organisation as a whole. Middle management does the departmental planning. At the lowest level, day-to-day operational planning is done by supervisors.
(iv) Planning is Continuous Plans are prepared for a specific period of time, may be for a month, a quarter or a year. At the end of that period, there is need for a new plan to be drawn on the basis of new requirements and future conditions. Hence, planning is a continuous process.
(v) Planning is Futuristic The purpose of planning is to meet future events effectively to the best advantage of an organisation. It implies peeping into the future, analysing it and predicting it.
(vi) Planning Involves Decision Making Planning essentially involves choice from among various alternatives and activities. If there is only one possible goal then there is no need for planning. The need only arises when alternatives are available. Planning thus, involves thorough examination and evaluation of each alternative and choosing the most appropriate one.
(vii) Planning is a Mental Exercise Planning is basically an intellectual activity of thinking rather than doing, because planning determines the action to be taken. Planning requires logical and systematic thinking rather than guesswork or wishful thinking.

Q.3 What are the steps taken by management in the planning process?
ANSWER: The planning process involves the following steps
(i) Establishing Objectives The first step in planning is to determine objectives which must be realistic, specific and clear so as to specify what is to be accomplished by the network of policies, procedures, strategies etc.
(ii) Developing Premises They include assumptions or forecasts of the future and unknown conditions that will affect the operations of the plans. They provide an idea about the future which facilitates the work of planning.
(iii) Identifying the Alternative Courses of Action The next step in planning is to identify the various alternatives available to achieve the objectives.
(iv) Evaluating Alternative Courses The merits and demerits of different courses of actions are evaluated in the light of objectives to be achieved and their feasibility is judged i.e., how far they will be successful in helping to achieve the objective.
(v) Selecting an Alternative The next step is to find out the most suitable course to be followed. The efforts are directed towards selecting that course. Which increases efficiency in the organisation by maximising output and profits at the minimum costs.
(vi) Implement the Plan At this step the best alternative chosen is put to use.
(vii) Follow Up Only putting the best alternative to action is not enough. The future is uncertain and dynamic. Therefore, it becomes important to check back whether the plan is giving results or not

Q.4 Is planning actually worth the huge costs involved? Explain.

ANSWER:  Planning involves huge cost, when plans are drawn up huge costs are involved in their formulation. These are in terms of time, money, effort etc. Detailed plans require scientific calculations to ascertain facts and figures. The costs incurred sometimes may not justify the benefits derived from the plans. There are a number of incidental costs as well (which are indirect) like expenditures on organising a meeting, consultation fees given to professional experts, market survey etc. But despite the high cost no firm can work without proper planning if used properly.

Short Answer Type Question:

Q.1What do you understand by business environment?

ANSWER: The business environment means the sum total of all individuals, institutions and other forces that are outside the control of a business enterprise but that may affect its performance. The economic, social, political, technological and other forces which operate outside a business enterprise are part of its environment also the individual consumers or competing enterprises as well as the governments, consumer groups, competitors, courts, media and other institutions working outside an enterprise constitute its environment.

Q.2 Why it is important for business enterprises to understand their environment? Explain briefly.

ANSWER: It is important for business enterprises to understand their environment because:

→ It enables the firm to identify opportunities  and  getting the first mover advantage: Environment provides numerous opportunities for business success. Early identification of opportunities helps an
enterprise to be the first to exploit them instead of losing them to competitors.

→ It helps the firm to identify threats and early warning signals: Besides opportunities, environment happens to be the source of many threats. Environmental awareness can help managers to identify various threats on time and serve as an early warning signal.

→ It helps in tapping useful resources:Environment is a source of various resources for running a business. To engage in any type of activity, a business enterprise assembles various resources called inputs like finance, machines, raw materials, power and water, labour, etc., from its environment including financiers, government and suppliers.

→ It helps in coping with rapid changes: Today’s business environment is getting increasingly dynamic where changes are taking place at a fast pace. In order to effectively cope with these significant changes, managers must understand and examine the environment and develop suit- able courses of action.

→ It helps in assisting in planning and policy formulation: Since environment is a source of both opportunities and threats for a business enterprise, its understanding and analysis can be the basis for deciding the future course of action (planning) or training guidelines for decision making (policy).

→ It helps in improving performance: Many studies reveal that the future of an enterprise is closely bound up with what is happening in the environment. And, the enterprises that continuously monitor their environment and adopt suitable business practices are the ones which not only improve their present performance but also continue to succeed in the market for a longer period.

Q.3 Mention the various dimensions of business environment.

ANSWER: The various dimensions of business environment are:

→ Economic Environment: This consists of interest rates, inflation rates, changes in disposable income of people, stock market indices and the value of rupee that can affect management practices in a business enterprise.

→ Social Environment: It include the social forces like customs and traditions, values, social trends, society’s expectations from business, etc.
→ Technological  Environment: It includes forces relating to scientific improvements and innovations which provide new ways of producing goods and services and new methods and techniques of operating a business.

→ Political Environment: Political environment includes political conditions such as general stability and peace in the country and specific attitudes that elected government representatives hold towards business.

→ Legal Environment: Legal environment includes various legislations passed by the Government administrative orders issued by government authorities, court judgments as well as the decisions rendered by various commissions and agencies at every level of the government – centre, state or local.

Q.4 Briefly explain the following:
(a) Liberalisation
(b) Privatisation
(c) Globlisation

ANSWER:

(a) Liberalisation: It means liberalising the business andindustry from all unnecessary controls and restrictions of the government in the form of licenses, permits and quotas. In India, liberalisation of industries initiated in 1991.

(b) Privatisation: It is a set of economic reforms aimed at giving greater role to the private sector in the nation building process and reducing the involvement of public sector. To achieve this, the government redefined the role of the public sector in the New Industrial Policy of 1991, adopted
the policy of planned disinvestments of the public sector and decided to refer the loss making and sick enterprises to the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction.

(c) Globalisation: It means the integration of the various economies of the world leading towards the emergence of a cohesive global economy.

Q.5 Briefly discuss the impact of Government policy changes on business and industry.

ANSWER:

The impact of Government policy changes on business and industry are:

→ Increasing competition: The competition has increased due to entry of new players due to liberalisation and globalisation.

→ More demanding customers: Customers today have become more demanding because they are well-informed also increased competition in the market gives the customers wider choice.

→ Rapidly changing technological environment: The rapidly changing technological environment creates tough challenges before smaller firms.

→ Necessity for change: After 1991, the market forces have become unstable as a result of which the enterprises have to continuously modify their operations.

→ Need for developing human resource: The new market conditions require people with higher competence and greater commitment. Hence the need for developing human resources.

→ Market orientation: There is a shift to market orientation in as much as the firms have to study and analyse the market first and produce goods accordingly.
→ Loss of budgetary support to the public sector: The public sector undertakings have realised that in order to survive and grow, they will have to be more efficient and generate their own resources for the purpose.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Q.1How would you characterise business environment? Explain with examples, the difference between general and specific environment.
ANSWER: Features of business environment
(i) Totality of External Forces Business environment is aggregative in nature as it is the sum total of all things external to business firms.
(ii) Inter-relatedness Different elements of business environment are closely related to each other, e.g., increased awareness of health care have increased the demand for many health products.
(iii) Dynamic Nature The business environment is highly dynamic. It keeps on changing. Sometimes there is a change in technology, tastes and preference of consumer etc.
(iv) Uncertainty The environment cannot be predicted. It is highly uncertain and unpredictable.
(v) Complexity Since there are many elements of business. Environment and they are inter-related and dynamic in nature. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to understand them as a whole.
Difference between Specific and General Environment There are two types of forces operating in business environment specific and general. Specific forces affect the individual enterprises directly and immediately, e.g., customers, suppliers.
General forces affect the firms and only indirectly e.g., social conditions or political conditions.

Q.2 How would you argue that the success of a business enterprise is significantly influenced by its environment?
ANSWER:  Importance of business environment
(i) It Enables the firm to Identify Opportunities and Getting the First Mover Advantage
Environment provides numerous opportunities for business success. Early identification of opportunities helps an enterprise to be the first to exploit them instead of loosing them to competitors, e.g., Eureka Forbes introduced Aquaguard and took away the cream of demand.
(ii) It Helps the Firm to Identify Threats and Early Warning Signals Environment happens to be the source of many threats. Environmental awareness can help managers to identify various threats on time and serve as an early warning signals e.g., Lakme took serious steps to improve the quality and types of products as foreign multinational cosmetics companies started coming to India after 1991.
(iii) It Helps in Tapping Useful Resources Environment offers various resources for running a business in return the business enterprise supplies the environment with its outputs such as goods and services for customers, taxes for government. In order to arrange for the best possible resources, better understanding of the environment becomes important.
(iv) It Helps in Coping with Rapid Changes It is not the fact of change itself that is so important as the pace of change. There are many changes taking place in the environment and at a fast speed. In order to effectively cope with these changes, managers must understand and examine the environment and develop suitable courses of action.
(v) It Helps in Assisting in Planning and Policy Formulation Since environment is a source of both opportunities and threats, its understanding and analysis only helps in formulating the best possible policies to handle the future properly.
(vi) It Helps in Improving Performance Continuous monitoring and adopting changes in an enterprise will help in improving not only their present performance, but also continue to succeed in the market in long run.

Q.3 Explain with examples, the various dimensions of business environment.
ANSWER:  Dimension of business environment
(i) Economic Environment It includes the changes in the system due to economic policies made by the government. Reserve Bank of India is the key regulator of country’s economic environment since it
(a) influences the interest rates
(b) controls the flow of money in the economy
(c) regulates the working of banks
Example When the banks reduce the interest rates on long term loans, automobiles and construction industries get a boost to the business as more spending is made on the purchase of homes and cars through loans.
(ii) Social Environment
The social environment of business include the social forces like customs and traditions, values, social trends, society’s expectations from business etc. In business terms, these values translate into freedom of choice in the market. Major elements of social environment are
(a) life expectancy
(b) shifts in the presence of women in the workforce
(c) consumption habits
Example Due to the shift in the presence of women in the workforce, the demand for readymade ladies formal wear, cosmetics, packed/processed food, electronic gadgets has gone up.
(iii) Technological Environment
Technological environment includes forces relating to scientific improvements and innovations which provide new ways of producing goods and services and new methods and techniques of operating a business.
Example Because of technological advancement, it has become possible to book railway tickets through internet from home, office etc.
(iv) Political Environment
Political environment includes political conditions such as general stability and peace in the country and specific attitudes that elected government representatives hold towards business. It is only of use when a business enterprise can predict its business activities under stable political conditions. Major elements of political environment are
(a) The constitution of the country
(b) The nature and profile of political leadership and thinking of political personalities
(c) Political ideology and practices of the ruling party.
Example After the NEP of 1991, due to globalisation the foreign companies started coming to India, but due to the bureaucratic red tape it became difficult for them to cut through it to do business here. As a result, these companies were discouraged in our country regarding investments. The situation has improved overtime.
(v) Legal Environment
Legal environment includes various legislations passed by the Government administrative orders issued by government authorities, court judgements as well as the decisions rendered by various commissions and agencies. It is imperative for the management of every enterprise to obey the law of the land. Therefore, an adequate knowledge ohrules and regulations framed by the government is a pre-requisite for better business performance.
Example There is a government regulation to protect consumer’s interest e.g., the advertisements of alcoholic beverages is prohibited.

Q.4 What economic changes were initiated by the Government under the Industrial Policy, 1991? What impact have these changes made on business and industry?
ANSWER:  Economic changes initiated by the government under the Industrial Policy, 1991
(i) The government reduced the number of industries under compulsory licensing to six.
(ii) The role of public sector was reduced. It was now limited only to four industries of strategic importance.
(iii) Disinvestment was carried out in case of many public sector industrial enterprises.
(iv) Foreign Direct Investment was permitted.
(v) Automatic permission was now granted for technology agreements with foreign companies.
(vi) Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) was set up to promote and channelise foreign investment in India.
The Indian corporate sector has come face-to-face with several challenges due to government policy changes. Some of them are
(i) Increasing Competition The competition has increased due to entry of new players (privatisation and globalisation).
(ii) More Demanding Customers Customers today, has become more demanding because they are well-informed. Increased competition in the market gives the customers wider choice in purchasing better quality of goods and services.
(iii) Rapidly Changes Technological Environment The rapidly changing technological environment creates tough challenges before smaller firms.
(iv) Necessity for Change After 1991, the market forces have become turbulent as a result of which the enterprises have to continuously modify their operations.
(v) Need for Developing Human Resources Earlier, Indian enterprises worked with inadequately trained personnel. The new market conditions require people with higher competence and greater commitment. Hence, the need for developing human resources.
(vi) Market Orientation Before 1991, all firms worked with production oriented marketing operations. In a fast changing world, there was a shift to market orientation. The firms had to study and analyse the market first and produce goods accordingly.
(vii) Loss of Budgetary Support to the Public Sector The public sector undertakings have realised that in order to survive and grow, they will have to be more efficient and generate their own resources for the purpose.

Q.5 What are the essential features of
(a) Liberalisation
(b) Privatisation
(c) Globalisation
ANSWER: Essential features of
(a) Liberalisation
(i) Abolishing licensing requirements in most of the industries except a short list.
(ii) No restriction on expansion or contraction of business.
(iii) Free movement of goods and services.
(iv) Freedom in fixing the prices of goods and services.
(v) Reduction in tax rates.
(vi) Simplifying procedures for imports and exports.
(vii) Making it easier to attract foreign capital and technology to India.
(b) Privatisation
(i) The government redefined the role of public sector.
(ii) Policy of planned disinvestments of the public sector.
(iii) Refining of sick enterprises to the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction.
(c) Globalisation
(i) Import liberalisation
(ii) Export promotion
(iii) Foreign exchange reforms

Short answer Type Question:

Q.1 How is the Principle of ‘Unity of Command’ useful to management? Explain briefly.

ANSWER:
According to the Principle of ‘Unity of Command’ there should be one and only one boss for every individual employee. If an employee gets orders from two superiors at the same time the principle of unity of command is violated. It is very useful for a management as it prevent confusion regardingtasks to be done. For example: a sales person is asked to clinch a deal with a buyer and is allowed to give 10% discount by the marketing manager. On the other side, finance department tells her/him not to offer more than 5% discount. This violates the principle which leads to confusion.

Q.2 Define scientific management. State any three of its principles.

ANSWER:
Scientific management means knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way.
Three principles of scientific management are:→ Science not Rule of Thumb
→ Harmony, Not Discord
→ Cooperation, Not Individualism

Q.3 If an organisation does not provide the right place for physical and human resources in an organisation, which principle is violated? What are the consequences of it?

ANSWER:
The principle of order is violated in the given case. As per the Principle of Order, there should be a place for everything and everything in its place. Thus, when this principle is violated then a lot of time will waste in locating different resources. This will lead to decreased productivity and efficiency.

Q.4 Explain any four points regarding significance of Principles of Management.
ANSWER:
The four points regarding significance of Principles of Management are:
→ Providing managers with useful insights into reality: The principles of management provide the managers with useful insights into real world situations. These principles will add to their knowledge, ability and understanding of managerial situations and circumstances. It will also enable managersto learn from past mistakes and conserve time by solving recurring problems quickly.
→ Optimum utilisation of resources and  effective administration: Resources both human and
material available with the company are limited. Principles equip the managers to foresee the cause and effect relationships of their decisions and actions. Thus, the wastages associated with a trial-and-error approach can be overcome.
→ Scientific decisions: Decisions must be based on facts, thoughtful and justifiable in terms of the intended purposes. Management principles help in thoughtful decision-making. They emphasise logic rather than blind faith.
→ Meeting changing enviornment requirements: Management principles are flexible to adapt to dynamic business environment. For example, management principles emphasise division of work and
specialisation. In modern times this principle has been extended to the entire business whereby companies are specialising in their core competency and divesting non-core businesses.

Q.5 Explain the principle of ‘Scalar Chain’ and gang plank.

ANSWER:
An organisation consists of superiors and subordinates. The formal lines of authority from highest to lowest ranks are known as scalar chain. For example: Let us consider a situation where there is one head ‘A’ who has two lines of authority under her or him. One line consists of B-C- D-E-F. Another line of authority under ‘A’ is L-M-N-O-P. If ‘E’ has to communicate with ‘O’ who is at the same level of authority then she/he has to traverse the route E-D-C-B-A-L-M-N-O. This is due to the principle of scalar chain

However, if there is an emergency then ‘E’ can directly contact ‘O’ through ‘Gang Plank’. This is a shorter route and has been provided so that communication is not delayed.

Long Answer Questions:

Q.1 Explain the principles of scientific management given by Taylor.

ANSWER: Principles of scientific management are given by FW Taylor
(i) Science, Not Rule of Thumb When different managers use their own different methods to get the work done it is rule of thumb. Taylor believed that there was only one best method maximise efficiency. Taylor advised that every organisation should compare the results of different methods, test them again and again and finally select one best method of getting the work done.
(ii) Harmony, Not Discord Managers are an extension of the management and serve as a link between workers and the owners. Workers have to take the instructions from the managers and managers have to get the work done through the workers. Sometime the relation between them is spoilt, which is very harmful for everyone-workers, managers and owners. This class conflict should be replaced by harmony between the two. Both should change their thinking towards each other. This is known as mental revolution.
(iii) Co-operation, Not Individualism There should be complete co-operation between the labour and the management instead of individualism. This principle is an extension of principle of harmony, not discord. The management and the workers should not compete with each other rather co-operate with each other. Management should consider all good suggestions made by the employees which can help in cost reduction. At the same time workers should never think of going on strikes in order to get their unreasonable demands fulfilled.
(iv) Development of Each and Every person to His or her Greatest Efficiency and Prosperity
Scientific management also stood for worker development. Taylor believed that workers should be aware of the ‘best method’. On the other hand, all organisations should select employee carefully in order to get maximum efficiency. When the duties are allotted, perfect match should be made between the requirements of the job and the capabilities of the worker. Training should be provided to improve the skills further. In this way, efficiency will go higher resulting in prosperity for both workers and company.

Q.2 Explain the following principles of management given by Fayol with examples.
(a) Unity of direction
(b) Equity
(c) Espirit de Corps
(d) Order
(e) Centralisation and decentralisation
(f) Initiative

ANSWER: Fayol introduced general principles of management. Some of them have been explained below
(a) Unity of Direction
All the units of an organisation should be moving towards the same objective. Each group of activities having the same objective must have one head and one plan. Each group should have its own incharge and on no account the working of two divisions neither be overlaped.
(b) Equity
This principle emphasise kindliness and justice in the behaviour of managers towards workers. This will ensure loyalty and devotion. Lazy personnel should be dealt sternly and strictly. There should be no discrimination against anyone on account of gender, religion, caste, language or nationality etc. All decisions should be merit based.
(c) Espirit de Corps
This principle emphasises on building harmony and team spirit among employees. In a large organisation due to a large work force teamwork is very important. Teamwork leads to better co-ordination while working. The head of each team should give credit of good result to the whole team rather than confining it to his ownself.
(d) Order
A place for everything and everyone in his/her place. Basically it means orderlinss. If there is a fixed place for different things in a factory and they remain in their places then no time is wasted in locating them. Same way if every personnel is allocated an area to operate from then his co-workers, head or subordinates, anyone can contact him easily.
(e) Centralisation and Decentralisation Concentration of authority in a few hands is centralisation and its dispersal among more number of people is decentralisation. Fayol believed that an organisation should not work with anyone of them in isolation. A combination of both is important simple, easy and work of routine type should be decentralised and critical important type of work should be centralised.
(f) Initiative Initiative means taking the first step with self-motivation workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvements according to Fayol. Initiatives should be encouraged. A good company should invite suggestions from employees which can result in substantial cost/time reduction. Rewards can be given to fruitful suggestions.

Q.3 Explain the technique of ‘Functional Foremanship’ and the concept of ‘Mental Revolution’ as enunciated by Taylor.

ANSWER: Functional Foremanship Taylor advocated separation of planning and execution functions. This concept was extended to the lowest level of the shop floor. It was known as functional foreman ship.

Under the factory manager, there is a planning incharge and a production incharge.
Under the planning incharge, the work goes as follows
(i) Instruction Card Clerk Draft instructions for the workers.
(ii) Route Clerk Specify the route of production.
(iii) Time and Cost Clerk Prepare time and cost sheet.
(iv) Disciplinarian Ensure discipline.
Under the production incharge, the work goes as follows
(i) Speed Boss Timely and accurate completion of work.
(ii) Gang Boss Keeping tools and machines ready for operation by workers.
(iii) Repairs Boss Ensure proper working conditions of machines.
(iv) Inspector Check the quality of work.
Mental Revolution
In a factory, the managers served as a link between the owners and the workers. The managers have to get the work done from the workers which created sometimes problem between the two. Taylor emphasized that there should be harmony between the management and workers. Both should realise that each one is important. For this both had to change their thoughts for each other, This is known as ‘Mental Revolution’. Management should share the gains of the company with the workers and at the same time workers should work hard and be ready to accept any change made for the betterment of the organisation.

Q.4 Discuss the following techniques of scientific work study
(a) Time study
(b) Motion study
(c) Fatigue study
(d) Method study
(e) Simplification and standardisation of work

ANSWER: Some of the techniques of scientific work study are
(a) Time Study It determines the standard time taken to perform a well-defined job. The standard time is fixed for the whole of the task by taking several readings. The method of time study will depend upon volume and frequency of the task, the cycle time of the operation and time measurement costs. There are three objectives achieved through time study.
(i) Determine the number of workers.
(ii) Frame suitable incentive schemes.
(iii) Determines labour costs.
e.g., if standard time taken to do a piece of work in 20 minutes then one work can be done 3 times in an hour and total 21 times (3×7 hours per day) the work can be done on a single day.
(b) Motion Study Motion study refers to the study of movements like lifting, putting objects, sitting and changing positions. On close examination of body motions, e.g., it is possible to find out three types motions
(i) Motions which are productive.
(ii) Motions which are incidental.
(iii) Motions which are unproductive.
Out of the above, three workers were motivated to eliminate the third type completely and reduce the second one to the minimum. This help in increasing productivity.

(c) Fatigue Study Fatigue study seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing a task. A person is bound to feel tired physically and mentally if he does not take rest while working. The next intervals will heip one to regain stamina and work again with the same efficiency for e.g., in an organisaton working hours are 9 to 5. There is a lunch break of an hour for the workers to take rest similarly in a school there is a break for the students and teachers after 4 periods of continuous learning.
(d) Method Study The objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job. Different managers would use their own different methods of getting the work done. But there is always one best method. Right from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the customer every activity is the part of method study. The objective of whole exercise is to minimise the cost of production and maximise the satisfaction of the customer.
(e) Simplification and Standardisation of Work Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business activity e.g., process, raw material, time, product, machinery, methods or working conditions. The objective of standardisation are
(i) To reduce product to fixed types, sizes, features etc.
(ii) To establish interchangeability of various parts.
(iii) To establish standards of excellence and quality in materials.
(iv) To establish standards of performance of men and machines.
Simplification aims at eliminating unnecessary diversity of products. It results in savings of cost of labour, machines and tools. It implies reduced inventories, fuller utilisation of equipment and increasing turnover.

Q.5 Discuss the differences between the contributions of Taylor and Fayol.

Q.6 Discuss the relevance of Taylor and Fayol’s contribution in the contemporary business environment.
ANSWER:  Relevance of Taylor and Fayol’s contribution in the contemporary business environment.
Both Fayol and Taylor have given principles of management to improve efficiency in an organisation. Taylor gave us scientific principles of management which are being adopted by all organisations to improve its productivity at the shop floor level, the principles help in giving effective results. In the same manner, Henry Fayol gave in general principles of management which when implemented at any of the levels-top, middle or lower and helps in achieving better co-ordination, remove ambiguity and encourage the employees to improve their work performance.

In This Post we are  providing Childhood NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON CHILDHOOD

Question 1. Where could he see his childhood now?
A. in an infant’s face
B. only in his memories
C. Nowhere
D. in other kids

Answer :  A

Question 2. What is the meaning of the word ‘ceased’?
A. starting of something
B. come to an end
C. in the middle
D. to chase something

Answer :  B

Question 3. What is the poem ‘Childhood’ about?
A. poet’s lost childhood
B. childhood of every person
C. childhood of poet’s child
D. poet’s father childhood

Answer :  A

Question 4. Why do adults talk and preach of love but do not act lovingly?
A. because they are hypocrites
B. because they are double-faced
C. because they do not want to
D. because they invest in only those whom they find interesting

Answer :  A

Question 5. After what age did the poet realize that he had lost his childhood?
A. twelve
B. eleven
C. ten
D. thirteen

Answer :  B

Question 6. According to the poet, adults are _______
A. Hypocrites
B. Smart
C. Lovable
D. Intelligent and Cunning

Answer :  A

Question 7. What the poet could not find in the Geography book?
A. Hell and Heaven
B. end to sky
C. island
D. country

Answer :  A

Question 8. What is the opposite of the word ‘hidden’?
A. open
B. closed
C. partial
D. out

Answer :  D

Question 9. What did the poet find out about Hell and Heaven?
A. it was in sky
B. it was an imaginary place
C. it doesn’t exist
D. it was with god

Answer :  B

Question 10. What did the poet sense about himself when he realised he could use his own mind the way he wants?
A. he sensed that he is as intelligent as his friends
B. he sensed his own individuality and a separate personality
C. he sensed that he is very smart
D. he sensed that he could use his mind in creative work

Answer :  B

Question 11. Why are the adults not what they seem to be?
A. they talk and preach of love but do not act so
B. they are very shrewd
C. they are manipulative
D. they are double-faced

Answer :  A

Question 12. What is the most important thing about being an adult?
A. they have their own thoughts
B. they can earn money
C. they can talk to anyone they want
D. they preach love

Answer :  A

Question 13. What did the poet realize about his mind when he lost his childhood?
A. that he can use it whatever way he wants
B. that he is very intelligent
C. that he is dumb
D. None of the Above

Answer :  A

Question 14. What refrain literary device is used in the poem ‘Childhood’?
A. When did my childhood go?
B. Hell and Heaven
C. Could not be found in Geography
D. That’s all I know

Answer :  A

Question 15. What did the poet conclude about his lost childhood at the end of the poem?
A. it went to another dimension
B. It went to some forgotten place
C. it moved away with time
D. it shifted to his younger sibling

Answer :  B

In This Post we are  providing The Voice of Rain NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON THE VOICE OF THE RAIN

Q1. Why does the rain descend to the earth?

(a) to wash the drought and provide water
(b) she provides life on earth
(c) it beautify and purify the earth
(d) it provides life

Answer (a) to wash the drought and provide water

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Q2. What happens to the rain in the sky?

(a) rain drops form
(b) rain it condenses
(c) it forms clouds
(d) None of the above

Answer (a) rain drops form

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Q3. If the poet has used a Metaphor in the poem, what is it?

(a) I am the Poem of Earth
(b) voice of the rain
(c) Soft-falling shower
(d) None of the above

Answer (a) I am the Poem of Earth

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Q4. Why does the poet compare the rain with a song?

(a) because she beautifies the earth
(b) because she provides life on earth
(c) as they both share a common journey
(d) None of the above

Answer (c) as they both share a common journey

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Q5. What does the rain do when she doesn’t care if anyone bothers about her deeds or not?

(a) she talks to the land
(b) she works harder
(c) she completes her work and talk to the earth
(d) she completes her work and comes back home

Answer (d) she completes her work and comes back home

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Q6. What happens to the earth when the rain falls back on the surface of earth?

(a) it provides water
(b) it beautifies and purifies the earth
(c) it helps in greenery
(d) it provides water to flora and fauna

Answer (b) it beautifies and purifies the earth

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Q7. Why does the rain tell the poet that she cannot be touched?

(a) because she is water
(b) because she rises in the form of water vapor
(c) because she is in the form of clouds
(d) None of the above

Answer (b) because she rises in the form of water vapor

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Q8. What does the poet ask to the soft – falling shower?

(a) What do you do?
(b) What is your name?
(c) Who are you?
(d) How are you doing?

Answer (c) Who are you?

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Q9. What does ‘Reck’d or unreck’d’ mean?

(a) enrichment or no enrichment
(b) cared for or not cared for
(c) to purify or not
(d) to wash or not to wash

Answer (b) cared for or not cared for

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Q10. What does the word ‘Descend’ mean?

(a) not clear
(b) come down
(c) to wash
(d) hidden

Answer (b) come down

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Q11. What Hyperbole was used in the poem?

(a) I am the Poem of Earth
(b) Soft-falling shower
(c) Bottomless sea
(d) voice of the rain

Answer (c) Bottomless sea

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Q12. From where does the song of rain originate?

(a) from heaven
(b) from ocean
(c) from the heart of the singer
(d) from the soul of earth

Answer (c) from the heart of the singer

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Q13. What does the poet compare the rain with?

(a) Song
(b) Heaven
(c) Beauty
(d) Flowers

Answer (a) Song

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Q14. How does the rain help the seeds inside the earth?

(a) provides water
(b) provides life and helps them grow
(c) provides life
(d) None of the above

Answer (b) provides life and helps them grow

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Q15. From which two places does the rain rise in the form of water vapor?

(a) land and bottomless sea
(b) land and ocean
(c) mountains and land
(d) None of the above

Answer (a) land and bottomless sea

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In This Post we are  providing Laburnum Top NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON LABURNUM TOP

Question 1.
What is described as ‘engine’ in the poem?
(a) Lizard
(b) Machine
(c) Laburnum Tree
(d) None of the above

Answer: (c) Laburnum Tree

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Question 2.
What is the dominant colour used in the poem?
(a) Red
(b) Blue
(c) Yellow
(d) Green

Answer: (c) Yellow

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Question 3.
What Transferred Epithet was used in the poem ‘The Laburnum Top’?
(a) her barred face identity mask
(b) engine of her family
(c) Sleek as a lizard
(d) September sunlight

Answer: (a) her barred face identity mask

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Question 4.
How was the tree in the end when the bird flew away?
(a) It was still alive
(b) Nothing changed in the looks
(c) it was death-like again
(d) None of the above

Answer: (c) it was death-like again

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Question 5.
Where did the bird vanish after feeding her young ones?
(a) to the other branch
(b) to the top of the tree
(c) to her nest
(d) behind the yellow leaves

Answer: (d) behind the yellow leaves

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Question 6.
What happened after she fed her young ones?
(a) she flew away
(b) she flew to the other side of the branch
(c) she stayed there
(d) she took some rest in the nest

Answer: (b) she flew to the other side of the branch

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Question 7.
How did the bird move to the other side of the branch?
(a) Like a lizard
(b) Slowly
(c) Smoothly
(d) by flying

Answer: (a) Like a lizard

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Question 8.
Where are the young ones of the Goldfinch bird?
(a) On the thickness of the branch
(b) On the top of the tree
(c) on other tree
(d) they were never there

Answer: (a) On the thickness of the branch

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Question 9.
When did the death-like tree become alive?
(a) in the month of March
(b) by the arrival monsoon season
(c) by the arrival of the Goldfinch bird
(d) by the arrival of sparrows

Answer: (c) by the arrival of the Goldfinch bird

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Question 10.
What happened to the leaves of the Laburnum tree?
(a) they were green
(b) turned yellow
(c) fallen down
(d) new leaves growing

Answer: (b) turned yellow

Question 11.
What is described by the word ‘sleek’ in the poem?
(a) Lizard
(b) Bird
(c) Branch
(d) Top of the tree

Answer: (a) Lizard

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Question 12.
What does the phrase “her barred face identity mask” mean?
(a) because she was brown in colour
(b) due to her dark coloured yellow body
(c) bird’s face became her identity and symbol of recognition
(d) None of the above

Answer: (c) bird’s face became her identity and symbol of recognition

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Question 13.
What instance of Alliteration has been used in the poem ‘The Laburnum Top’ out of the following options?
(a) engine of her family
(b) her barred face
(c) Sleek as a lizard
(d) September sunlight

Answer: (d) September sunlight

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Question 4.
What happened to the bird in the end of the poem?
(a) she flew away
(b) she stayed at the tree
(c) she went to other tree
(d) she went to bring some food for her younger ones

Answer: (a) she flew away

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Question 15.
Why was Goldfinch’s body barely visible?
(a) due to her dark coloured yellow body
(b) because she was small
(c) because of the height of the tree
(d) because she was brown in colour

Answer: (a) due to her dark coloured yellow body

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In This Post we are  providing A Photograph NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON A PHOTOGRAPH

Question 1.
What does she feel in the last phase?
(a) pain and grief
(b) happy and nostalgic
(c) sad and nostalgic
(d) pain and nostalgic

Answer: (a) pain and grief

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Question 2.
How many phases were depicted in the poem by the poet?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four

Answer: (c) three

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Question 3.
What Oxymoron literary device was used in the poem?
(a) Terribly transient
(b) Through their
(c) Both wry
(d) Labored ease

Answer: (d) Labored ease

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Question 4.
What would the mother show to her daughter while showing her the photograph?
(a) how her parents dressed her for the beach
(b) her cousins
(c) her own childhood photograph
(d) the background

Answer: (a) how her parents dressed her for the beach

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Question 5.
What was the favorite memory of her mother?
(a) beach holidays
(b) school memories
(c) vacations
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) beach holidays

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Question 6.
What does ‘Terribly Transient Feet’ mean in the poem?
(a) her feet represent the mother, who changed with time while the sea remained the same
(b) temporary situation
(c) age is temporary
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) her feet represent the mother, who changed with time while the sea remained the same

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Question 7.
What are the three of them doing in the photograph?
(a) playing
(b) standing beside house
(c) holding hands
(d) holding hands and went for paddling

Answer: (d) holding hands and went for paddling

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Question 8.
Which material was the frame of the photograph made of?
(a) Cardboard
(b) Wood
(c) Steel
(d) Plastic

Answer: (a) Cardboard

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Question 9.
When did her mother die ?
(a) two years ago
(b) five years ago
(c) thirteen years ago
(d) twelve years ago

Answer: (d) twelve years ago

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Question 10.
What is the poem ‘A Photograph’ about?
(a) About poet’s childhood memories
(b) tribute to the poet’s mother
(c) Poet’s photograph
(d) Poet’s father

Answer: (b) tribute to the poet’s mother

Question 11.
What was the last phase in the poem?
(a) after her mother died
(b) after she grown up
(c) after her mother grown up
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) after her mother died

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Question 12.
What Epithet literary device was used in the poem?
(a) Terribly transient
(b) Through their
(c) Both wry
(d) Labored ease

Answer: (a) Terribly transient

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Question 13.
What is the meaning of the word ‘wry’?
(a) ironic
(b) cry
(c) sad
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) ironic

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Question 14.
What was the favorite memory of the poet?
(a) her mother’s memories
(b) her mother’s laughter
(c) her own vacation memories
(d) her childhood memories

Answer: (b) her mother’s laughter

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Question 15.
After how many years did her mother laugh on seeing the photograph?
(a) twenty-one
(b) twenty-three
(c) twelve
(d) twenty-five

Answer: (b) twenty-three

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In This Post we are  providing Chapter-8 Silk Road NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON SILK ROAD

Q1. What did the Tibetan doctor give him?

(i) a five day course medicine in a brown envelope
(ii) Ayurvedic medicine
(iii) Homeopathic medicine
(iv) Allopathic medicines

Answer (i) a five day course medicine in a brown envelope

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Q2. Where did Tsetan take the protagonist to seek medical help?

(i) Darchen Medical College
(ii) Tibetan Ayurvedic Doctor
(iii) to Lhasa
(iv) to Ravu again

Answer (i) Darchen Medical College

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Q3. What did Lhamo give to the protagonist as a farewell gift?

(i) long sleeved sheepskined coat
(ii) Flowers
(iii) leather coat
(iv) shoes

Answer (i) long sleeved sheepskined coat

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Q4. Why was the protagonist facing communication problems in Darchen?

(i) as he never wanted to talk to locals
(ii) as he was always busy in his meditation
(iii) as no one knew English
(iv) None of the above

Answer (iii) as no one knew English

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Q5. Where did the men play a game of pool in Darchen every afternoon?

(i) near general store in open air
(ii) in the park
(iii) near lake
(iv) None of the above

Answer (i) near general store in open air

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Q6. What was the sky looking like due to the sun rays spreading on the mountain tops?

(i) yellow blush
(ii) rose – tinted blush
(iii) beautiful and fresh
(iv) None of the above

Answer (ii) rose – tinted blush

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Q7. Where did Norbu work?

(i) in Britain
(ii) Beijing at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
(iii) in India at IIT Delhi
(iv) in USA

Answer (ii) Beijing at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

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Q8. Where did the protagonist meet Norbu?

(i) at cafe
(ii) at Kora
(iii) at nomad’s tents
(iv) at guest house

Answer (i) at cafe

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Q9. Where was the protagonist heading towards in the beginning of the chapter?

(i) Mount Kailash
(ii) Himalayas
(iii) Uttarakhand
(iv) Delhi

Answer (i) Mount Kailash

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Q10. Did the two of them – the protagonist and Norbu go to do Kora together?

(i) Yes
(ii) No
(iii) Maybe
(iv) None of the above

Answer (ii) No

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Q11. Why did Norbu want to do Kora?

(i) because he wanted to become a monk
(ii) because he wanted peace
(iii) as he was practising meditation from so long
(iv) because he was writing an academic paper on Kailash Kora

Answer (iv) because he was writing an academic paper on Kailash Kora

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Q12. What is Kora?

(i) Yoga Aasan
(ii) Medication
(iii) name of a small town
(iv) meditation performed by Buddhist believers

Answer (iv) meditation performed by Buddhist believers

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Q13. What happened when they reached Darchen at night to stay in the guest House?

(i) protagonist slept well
(ii) Tsetan went missing
(iii) protagonist was sad
(iv) protagonist wasn’t able to breathe properly

Answer (iv) protagonist wasn’t able to breathe properly

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Q14. At which place did the protagonist wait for Tsetan while he was gone to fix the punctured tyres?

(i) at roadside near lake
(ii) at car tyre’s shop
(iii) inside the car
(iv) Hor’s cafe

Answer (iv) Hor’s cafe

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Q15. Who are Drokbas?

(i) Hill Tribe
(ii) sheep
(iii) local people
(iv) cuisine

Answer (iii) local people

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In This Post we are  providing Chapter-7 The Adventure NCERT MCQ for Class 11 English Hornbill which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MCQ ON THE ADVENTURE

Question 1.
Where did the train stop beyond the tunnel?
(a) a small town called Amer
(b) a small town called Sarhad
(c) Delhi
(d) Mountains

Answer: (b) a small town called Sarhad

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Question 2.
What did you notice about both the worlds?
(a) both were same
(b) both were in different universe
(c) different people
(d) different histories and different sets of events

Answer: (d) different histories and different sets of events

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Question 3.
What happens once the observer knows about the correct placing of the electrons in every world?
(a) alternative worlds can exist at a same time
(b) black hole can be created
(c) a new compound can be observed
(d) a new substance can be created

Answer: (a) alternative worlds can exist at a same time

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Question 4.
What happened to Marathas in reality ?
(a) they lost the battle
(b) they won the battle
(c) they signed treaty after the battle
(d) nothing as such

Answer: (a) they lost the battle

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Question 5.
Which theory as explained by Rajendra states that a small change in any situation can result in a shift in behaviour?
(a) Quantum theory
(b) Theory of Relativity
(c) Big Bang Theory
(d) Catastrophe theory

Answer: (d) Catastrophe theory

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Question 6.
Whom did the Professor meet at the Hospital?
(a) Rajendra
(b) Doctor
(c) Speaker
(d) Librarian

Answer: (a) Rajendra

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Question 7.
How did the crowd react when he sat on the empty presidential chair?
(a) threw several objects at him and pushed him away
(b) asked him to leave politely
(c) heard his speech
(d) did nothing but ignored him

Answer: (a) threw several objects at him and pushed him away

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Question 8.
What did the professor notice at the lecture going on in the pandal?
(a) there was no crowd
(b) presidential chair was empty
(c) the speaker was very old
(d) the language in which the lecture was unfamiliar

Answer: (b) presidential chair was empty

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Question 9.
What book did the Professor slip into his pocket before leaving the library?
(a) Bakhar
(b) English Literature
(c) Newspaper
(d) Money

Answer: (a) Bakhar

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Question 10.
What happened after the Battle of Panipat in India?
(a) India merged with neighboring nations
(b) India moved to the path of democracy
(c) New ruler
(d) British rule ended

Answer: (b) India moved to the path of democracy

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Question 11.
What did Professor start investigating at Town Hall?
(a) American History
(b) Battle of Plassey
(c) the period of Asoka to the third battle of Panipat.
(d) About East India Company

Answer: (c) the period of Asoka to the third battle of Panipat.

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Question 12.
Whom did Professor Gaitonde enquire about on entering the Forbes building ?
(a) President of the company
(b) Mr. Vishal Gaitonde
(c) Mrs. Vishala Gaitonde
(d) Mr. Vinay Gaitonde

Answer: (d) Mr. Vinay Gaitonde

Question 13.
What did Professor find in the fifth volume of ‘Bhausahebanchi Bakhar’ ?
(a) Marathas had won the Battle of Panipat
(b) India has never been under British Raj
(c) Marathas had won battle of Plassey
(d) None of the above

Answer: (a) Marathas had won the Battle of Panipat

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Question 14.
Why did the professor go to town hall?
(a) to check facts from history books
(b) to pass time
(c) to read books
(d) to meet someone

Answer: (a) to check facts from history books

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Question 15.
What did the Professor notice at the Hornby road?
(a) shops were different
(b) road was constructed
(c) new shopping complex
(d) new residential complex

Answer: (a) shops were different

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