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In This Post we are  providing Chapter-2 Hydrogen NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 11 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON HYDROGEN

1.Why does hydrogen occupy unique position in the periodic table?

Ans. Inspite of the fact that hydrogen, to a certain extent resembles both with alkali metals (ns’) and halogens (ns² np⁵), it differs from them as well. Hydrogen has very small size as a consequence H⁺ does not exist freely and is always associated with other atoms or molecules. Thus, it is unique in behaviors and is therefore, best placed separately in the periodic table.

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2.Give the main characteristics of isotopes.

Ans. Since, the isotopes have the same electronic configuration, they have almost the same chemical properties. The only difference is in their rates of reactions, mainly due to their different enthalpy of bond dissociation. However, in physical properly of these isotopes differ considerably due to their large mass differences.

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3.How can the production of dlhydrogen obtained from ‘coal gasification be increased’?

Ans. By reacting carbon monoxide of syngas mixtures with steam in the presence of iron chromate as catalyst

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4.Why is dihydrogen used an fuel cells for generating electrical energy?

Ans. Because it does not produce any pollution and releases greater energy per unit mass of fuel in comparison to gasoline or any other fuel.

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5.What is understood by hydrogenation?

Ans. Hydrogenation is used for the conversion of polyunsaturated oils into edible fats.

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6.Which fuel is used as a rocket fuel?

Ans. Dihydrogen is used as a rocket fuel in space research.

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7.What happens when sodium hydride reacts with water?

Ans. Saline hydride (sodium hydride) react violently with water producing dihydrogen gas 

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8.What is the geometry of the compound formed by group 14 to form molecular hydride?

Ans. Tetrahedral in structure.

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9.What are the characteristic features of ionic or saline hydrides?

Ans. The ionic hydrides are crystalline, non – volatile non – conducting in solid state. However their melts conduct electricity.

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10.Which gas is produced on electrolysis of ionic hydride?

Ans. Dihydrogen gas is produced at the anode on electrolysis of ionic hydride.

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11.How does H⁺ ion forms hydronium ion (OH₃⁺) in water?

Ans. In water H⁺ ion forms a covalent bond with H₂O and forms hydronium ion, (H₃O⁺).

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12.Show with reaction the amphoteric nature of water.

Ans. Water acts as an acid with NH₃ and base with H₂S

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13.Why is ice less dense then water and what kind of attractive forces must be overcome to melt ice?

Ans. The structure of ice is an open structure having a number of vacant spaces. Therefore, the density of ice is less than water. When ice melts the hydrogen bonds are broken and the water molecules go in between the vacant spaces. As a result, the structure of liquid water is less open than structure of ice. Thus ice is less dense than water                                                                                     

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14.Why does hard water not form lather with soap?

Ans. Hard water does not produce lather with soap readily because the cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) present in hard water react with soap to precipitate of tcalcium and magnesium salts of fatly acids.

From hard water sodium stearate form Ca/Mg stearate

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15.Why is water an excellent solvent for ionic or polar substances?

Ans. Water is a polar solvent with a high dielectric constant. Due to high dielectric constant of water the force of attraction between cation and anion gets weakened. Thus water molecules are able to remove ions from the lattice site using in dipole forces easily.

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In This Post we are  providing Chapter-1 REDOX REACTION NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 11 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON REDOX REACTION

Question 1.
What are redox reactions? Give an example.

Answer:
Redox reaction is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously, e.g.
Zn (s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)

Question 2.
Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons.

Answer:
Oxidation involves loss and reduction involves the gain of electrons.

Question 3.
How many grams of K₂Cr₂O₇ is required to oxidize Fe²⁺ present in 15.2 gm of FeSO₄ to Fe³⁺ if the reaction is carried out in an acidic medium.

Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the redox reaction is
K₂Cr₂O₇ + 6FeSO₄ + 7H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 7H₂O
from the balanced equation, it is clear that 6 moles of FeSO₄ = 1

a mole of K₂Cr₂O₇ or 6 × 152 gm of FeSO₄ are oxidized by
K₂Cr₂O₇ = 294 gm
or
15.2 gm of FeSO₄ are oxidized by K₂Cr₂O₇

Question 4.
15.0 cm3 of 0.12 M KMnO₄ solution are required to oxidize 20 ml of FeSO₄ solution in an acidic medium. What is the concentration of FeSO₄ solution?

Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the redox reaction is
2KMnO₄ + 10FeSO₄ + 8H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2MnSO₄ + 5Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 8 H₂O

Applying molarity equation to the above redox reaction

Question 5.
16.6 gm of pure KI was dissolved in water and the solution was made up to one liter, cm³ of this solution was acidified with 20 cm³ of 2 MHCl the resulting solution required 10 cm³ of decinormal KIO₃ for complete oxidation of I- ions to ICl. Find out the value of v.

Answer:
The chemical equation for the redox reaction is
IO- + 2I^– + 6HCl → 3ICl + 3Cl^– + 3H₂O

Molarity of KI solution = 16.6166 = 0.1 m

Applying molarity equation
0.1×v2 (KI) = 10×0.11(KIO3)
v = 20 cm³

Question 6.
Calculate the cone of hypo (Na₂S₂O₃ 5H₂O) solution in g dm-3 if 10.0 of this solution decolorized 15 ml of M/40 iodine solution.

Answer:
The balanced equation for the redox reaction is
2S₂O₃^2- + I₂ → 2I^– + S₄O₆^2-
from the balanced equation, it is evident that
2 moles of Na₂S₂O₃ = 1 mole of I₂

Applying the molarity equation we have,

Thus, the molarity of the hypo solution = 3/40 M
mol. mass of Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O = 248 g mol^-1
cone, of Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O = 248×340
= 18.6 gdm^-3

Question 7.
How many millimoles of potassium dichromate is required to oxidize 24 cm³ of 0.5 M mohr’s salt solution in an acidic medium.

Answer:
No. of millimoles of K₂Cr₂O₇ present in 24 cm³ of 0.5 m solution = 24 × 0.5 = 12
The balanced chemical equation for the redox reaction is
K₂Cr₂O₇ + 6(NH₄)₂SO₄.FeSO₄.6H₂O + 7H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + 6(NH₄)₂SO₄ + 3Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 43H₂O from the balanced equations.

6 moles mohr’s salt are oxidised by K₂Cr₂O₇ = 1 moles
∴ 12 millimoles of mohr’s salt will be oxidised by
K₂Cr₂O₇ = 16 × 12 = 2 millimoies.

Question 8.
2.48 gm of Na₂S₂O₃.xH₂O was dissolved per liter of the solution. 20 cm³ of this solution required 10 cm³ of 0.01 M iodine solution. Find out the value of x?

Answer:
The balanced equation for the redox reaction is
2Na₂S₂O₃ + I2 → Na₂S₄O₆ + 2NaI
Let the molarity of Na₂S₂O₃ .xH₂O solution = M₁.

Applying molarity equation to the above redox reaction, we have
M1×202(Na2S2O3) = 10×.011(I2)
∴ M₁ = 0.01 M

mol wt. of Na₂S₂O₃.xH₂O
= 2 × 23 + 2 × 32 + 3 × 16 + x × 18
= 158 + 18x

Amount of Na₂S₂O₃.xH₂O present per litre
= (158 + 18x) × 0.01 g

But the actual amount dissolved = 2.48 g. equating these values, we have
(158 + 18x) × 0.01 = 2.48
or
x = 5.

Question 9.
The half cell reactions with their oxidation potentials are:
Pb(s) → Pb²⁺(aq) + 2e^–, E°_oxi = + 0.13 v.
Ag(s) → Ag⁺(aq) + e^–, E°_oxi = – 0.80 v.
Write the cell reaction and calculate its EMF.

Answer:
The equations are as
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2e^– → Pb(s), E°_oxi = – 0.13 v
Ag⁺(aq) + e^– → Ag(s), (E° = + 0.80 v) …(2)

To obtain the equation for the cell reaction, multiply equation (2) by 2 and subtract equation (1) from it we get
Pb(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Pb²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)
E°_cell = + 0.80 – ( – 0.13) = + 0.93 v

Question 10.
Predict whether zinc or silver reacts with 1 M H₂SO₄ to give out hydrogen or not. Given that the standard potential of zinc & silver are – 0.76 v & + 0.80 v respectively.

Answer:
(a) To predict the reaction of zinc with H₂SO₄ If Zn reacts, the following reactions should take place.
Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
i.e. Zn + 2H⁺ → Zn²⁺ + H₂

By conventions, the cell will be represented as-
Zn / Zn²⁺ ∥ H⁺ / H₂

standard EMF of the cell,
E°cell = E°_H⁺/H2 – E°_zn²⁺/zn
= 0 – (- 0.76) = + 0.76 v

Thus the EMF of the cells comes out to be positive. Hence the reaction takes place.

(b) To predict the reaction, of silver with H₂SO₄.
If Ag reacts, the following reactions should take place.
2Ag + H₂SO₄ → Ag₂SO₄ + H₂
2Ag + 2H⁺ → 2Ag⁺ + H₂

By convention, the cell may be written as
Ag / Ag⁺ ∥ H⁺ / H₂
E°_cell = E°_H⁺,H2 – E°_Ag⁺,Ag
= 0 – 0.80 = – 0.80 v.
The EMF of the cell is negative
Hence, this reaction does not take place.

In This Post we are  providing Chapter-7 EQULIBRIUM NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 11 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON EQUILIBRIUM

Question 1.
Justify the statement that water behaves like acid as well as a base on the basis of the protonic concept.

Answer:
Water ionizes as H₂O + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH^–
With strong acids, water behaves as a base by accepting a proton from an acid.
HCl + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ (aq) + Cl^– (aq)
While with bases, water behaves as an acid by liberating a proton
NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH (aq).

Question 2.
What is p^OH? What is its value for pure water at 298 K?

Answer:
p^OH = – log [OH^–]
p^H + p^OH = 14 for pure water at 298 K
p^H = 7
or
p^OH of water at 298 = 7.

Question 3.
Calculate the p^H of a buffer solution containing 0.1 moles of acetic acid and 0.15 mole of sodium acetate. The ionization constant for acetic acid is 1.75 × 10^-5.

Answer:

Question 4.
An aqueous solution of CuSO₄ is acidic while that of Na₂SO₄ is neutral. Explain.

Answer:
CuSO₄ + 2H₂O ⇌ Cu(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ (weak base strong acid)
CuS04 is the salt of weak base Cu(OH)₂ and a strong acid H₂SO₄.
Thus the solution will have free H⁺ ions and will, therefore, be acidic.

Na₂SO₄, being the salt of a strong acid H₂SO₄ and a strong base.
NaOH does not undergo hydrolysis. The solution is, therefore, neutral.

Question 5.
The dissociation constants of HCN, CH₃COOH, and HF are 7.2 × 10^-10, 1.8 × 10^-5, and 6.7 × 10^-4 respectively. Arrange them in increasing order of acid strength.

Answer:
More the value of Ka, the stronger the acid
Their Ka1S are 6.7 × 10^-4 > 1.8 × 10^-5 > 7.2 × 10^-10
∴ HCN < CH₃COOH < HF.

Question 6.
The dissociation of PCl₅ decreases in presence of Cl₂. Why?

Answer:
For PCl₅ ⇌ PCl₃ + Cl₂.
According to Le Chatelier’s principle, an increase in the concentration of Cl₂ (one of the products) at equilibrium will favor the backward reaction, and thus the dissociation of PCl₅ into PCl₃ and Cl₂ decreases.

Question 7.
The dissociation of HI is independent of pressure while dissociation of PCl₅ depends upon the pressure applied. Why?•

Answer:
For 2HI ⇌ H₂ + I₂
K_c = x24(1−x)2
where x = degree of dissociation

For PCl₅ ⇌ PCl₃ + Cl₂
K = x2V(1−x)2; V = Volume of container.

K_c for HI does not have a volume factor- and dissociation is independent of volume and hence pressure.
K_c for PCl₅ has volume in the denominator and hence dissociation of PCl₅ depends upon the volume and consequently pressure.

Question 8.
The reaction between ethyl acetate and water attains a state of equilibrium in an open vessel, but not the decomposition of CaCO3. Explain.

Answer:
CH₂ COOC₂H₅ (l) + H₂O (l) ⇌ CH₃COOH (l) + C₂H₅OH (l)
Here both reactants and products are liquids and they will not escape from the vessel even if it is open. Therefore equilibrium is attained.
CaSO₃ (s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)
Here CO₂ is a gas. It will escape from the vessel if it is open and so backward reaction cannot take place. Therefore equilibrium is attained.

Question 9.
The degree of dissociation of N₂O₄ is α according to the reaction
N₂O₄ (g) ⇌ 2NO₂ (g) at temperature T and total pressure P.
Find the expression for the equilibrium constant of this reaction.

Answer:

Total moles at eqbm. = 1 – α + 2α = 1 + α
If P is total pressure

Question 10.
Why NH₄Cl is added in precipitating III group hydroxides before the addition of NH4OH?

Answer:
To prevent precipitation of IV group hydroxides (especially Mn) along with III group hydroxides. NH₄Cl decreases dissociation of NH₄OH and thus limited OH ions are present in solution to precipitate III group cations only
NH₄OH ⇌ NH₄ (aq) + OH (aq) to a small extent
NH₄Cl (aq) ⇌ NH₄ (aq) + Cl (aq) to a large extent
Due to common ion affect the degree of dissociation of NH₄OH decreases leaving only a small no. of OH̅ ions.

Question 11.
If concentrations are expressed in moles L^-1 and pressures in atmospheres. What is the ratio of K_p to K_c for the
2SO₂ + O₂ (g) ⇌ 2SO₃ (g)
Answer:

Question 12.
The equilibrium constants for the reactions
N₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2NOand
2NO + O₂ ⇌ 2NO₂ are K₁ and K₂ respectively, then what would be the equilibrium constant for the reactions.
N₂ + 2O₂ ⇌ 2NO₂?
Answer:

Question 13.
What qualitative information can be obtained from the magnitude of the equilibrium constant?

Answer:

1. Large values of equilibrium constant (> 10³) show that the forward direction is favored i.e. concentration of products is much larger than that of the reactants of equilibrium.
2. Intermediate values of K (10^-3 to 10³) show that the concentrations of the reactants and products are comparable.
3. The low value of K (< 10^-3) shows that the backward reaction is favored, i.e., the concentration of reactants is much large than that of. products.

Question 14.
The following reaction has attained equilibrium
CO (g) + 2H₂ (g) ⇌ CH₃OH (g); ΔH° = – 92.0 kJ mol^-1.
What will happen if

(i) the volume of the vessel is suddenly reduced to half?
Answer:
K_c = [CH₃OH]/[CO][H₂]², K_p = PCH₃OH/PCO × PH₂
When the volume of the vessel is reduced to half, the concentration of each reactant or product becomes double. Thus
Q_c = 2[CH₃OH]/2[CO] × {2[H₂]}² = i K..
As Q_c < K_p, equilibrium will shift in the forward direction.

(ii) The partial pressure of hydrogen is suddenly doubled (ii) an inert gas is added to the system.
Answer:
As volume remains constant, molar concentration will not change. Hence there is no effect on the state of equilibrium.

Question 15.
How does the degree of ionization of a weak electrolyte vary with concentration? Give exact relationship. What is this law called?

Answer:
α = Ki/c−−−−√ . It is called Ostwald’s dilution law.
(K_i is ionization constant and c is the molar concentration).

In This Post we are  providing Chapter-6 THERMODYNAMICS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 11 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON THERMODYNAMICS

1.With the help of first law of thermodynamics and H = U + pv, prove = q_p

Ans.The enthalpy is defined as

H = U + pv

For a change in the stales of system,

= 

= 

= …………(i)

The first law of thermodynamics states that –

= …………………….(ii)

From (i) and (ii),

= 

When the pressure is constant,

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2.Why is the difference between and not significant for solids or liquids?

Ans. The difference between and is not usually significant for systems consisting of only solids and / or liquids because they do not suffer any significant volume changes upon heating.

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3.What is an extensive and intensive property?

Ans. Extensive property is a property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the system.

Intensive property is a property which do not depend upon the quantity or size of matter present.

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4.Calculate the heat of combustion of ethylene (gas) to from CO₂ (gas) and H₂O (gas) at 298k and 1 atmospheric pressure. The heats of formation of CO_2, H₂O and C₂H₄ are – 393.7, – 241.8, + 52.3 kJ per mole respectively.

Ans. C₂H₄ (g) + 30₂(g) 2CO₂(g) + 2H₂O (g)

reactants

= [2 x (CO₂) + 2 x ] – 

= 2 x[(-393.7)m+2x (-241.8)] – [(523.0) + 0)]

= [-787.4 – 483.6 ] -53.3

= – 1323.3 kJ.

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5.Give two examples of reactions which are driven by enthalpy change.

Ans. Examples of reactions driven by enthalpy change:

The process which is highly exothermic, i.e. enthalpy change is negative and has large value but entropy change is negative is said to be driven by enthalpy change, eg.

(i)

(ii)

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6.Will the heat released in the following two reactions be equal? Give reasons in support of your answer.

(i)H₂ (g) + 

Ans. No, the heats released in the two reactions are not equal. The heat released in any reaction depends upon the reactants, products and their physical states. Here in reaction (i), the water produced is in the gaseous state whereas in reaction (ii) liquid is formed. As we know, that when water vapors condensed to from water, heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization is released. Thus, more heat is released in reaction (ii).

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7.What is the relation between the enthalpy of reaction and bond enthalpy?

Ans .A chemical reaction involves the breaking of bonds in reactants and formation of new bonds in products. The heat of reaction (enthalpy change) depends on the values of the heat needed to break the bond formation .Thus

(Heat of reaction = (Heat needed to break the bonds in reactants – Heat liberated to from bonds in products).

= Bond energy in (to break the bonds) – Bond energy out (to form the bonds)

= Bond energy of reactants – Bond energy of products.

8.The are given + 61.17kJ mol^-1 and + 132 Jk^-1mol^-1 respectively. Above what temperature will the reaction be spontaneous?

Ans. The reaction

2Ag₂O (s) 

Will be spontaneous when is negative.

Since 

Shows that would be –ve when,

Or T > 

The process will be spontaneous above a temperature of .

9.Give the relationship between for gases.

Ans.For gases the volume change is appreciable.

let V_A be the total volume of gaseous reactants, and

V_B be the total volume of gaseous product.

n_A be the number of moles of the reactant and

n_B be the number of moles of the product,

Then at constant pressure and temperature,

p V_A = n_A RT

p V_B = n_B RT

or p V_B – pV_A = (n_B – n_A) RT

or p 

where and is equal to the difference between the number of moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants.

Substituting the value of p awe get.

(heat change under constant pressure)

(heat change under constant volume)

for gaseous system.

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10.It has been found that 221.4J is needed to heat 30g of ethanol from 15⁰C to 18⁰C. calculate (a) specific heat capacity, and (b) molar heat capacity of ethanol.

Ans.(a) Specific heat capacity

C = 

= 

Since 1⁰C is equal to 1k, the specific heat capacity of ethanol = 2.46Jg^-1 0c^-1.

(b) Molar heat capacity, Cm = specific heat x molar mass.

Therefore, Cm (ethanol) = 2.46 x 46

= 113.2 Jmol^-1 0c^-1

The molar heat capacity of ethanol is 113.2 J mol^-1 0c^-1.

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In This Post we are  providing Chapter-5 STATES OF MATTER NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 11 CHEMISTRY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON STATES OF MATTER

Question 1.
Ammonia and Sulphur dioxide gases are prepared in two comers of a laboratory. Which gas will be detected first by a student working in the middle of the laboratory and why?

Answer:
Molecular mass of NH₃ = 17 Molecular mass of SO₂ = 64
NH₃ is a lighter gas and diffuses at a faster speed than SO₂
∴ NH₃ gas will be detected first.
[∵ Acc. to Graham’s law of diffusion r1r2=d2d1−−√

Question 2.
What is the effect of hydrogen bonding on the viscosity of a liquid?

Answer:
Hydrogen bonding leads to an increase in the effective size of the moving unit in the liquid. Due to an increase in the size and mass of the molecule, there is greater interval resistance of the flow of the liquid. As a result, the viscosity of the liquid rises.

Question 3.
Which are the two faulty assumptions in the kinetic theory of gases.

Answer:

1. There is no force of attraction between the molecules of the gas.
2. The volume of the molecules of the gas is negligibly small as compared to the total space (volume) occupied by the gas.

Question 4.
What is the relationship between the density and molar mass of a gaseous substance? Derive it.

Answer:
Ideal gas equation is PV = nRT
or nV=pRT
Replacing n by mM, we get

Question 5.
What is meant by the term: Non-ideal or real gas?

Answer:
The gas which does not obey the Cas law:
Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Avogadro^ law at all temperatures and pressures is a called-non-ideal or real gas. Most of the real gases show ideal behaviour at low pressure and high temperature.

Question 6.
Derive the ideal gas equation PV = nRT.

Answer:
According to Boyle’s law V ∝ 1P if n and T are constant.
According to Charles’ law V ∝ T at constant P.and n
According to Avogadro’s law V ∝ n at constant T and P
Combining the three laws
In
V ∝ TnP
or
PV ∝ nT
or
PV = nRT where R is a constant of proportionality called universal gas constant.

Question 7.
Why liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape?

Answer:
It is due to the fact that in liquids intermolecular forces are strong enough to hold the molecules together, but these are strong enough to hold the molecules together, but these forces are not strong enough to fix them into definite or concrete positions as in solids. Hence they possess fluidity but no definite shape.

Question 8.
How do the real gases deviate from ideality above and below the Boyle point?

Answer:
Above their Boyle point, real gases show positive deviations from ideality and the values of Z are greater than one. The forces of attraction between the molecules are very feeble. Below the Boyle point, real gases first show a decrease, in Z value with increasing pressure, the value Of Z increases continuously.

Question 9.
Write down the van der Waals, equation for n moles of a real gas. What do the constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ stand for?

Answer:
(P + an2V2) (V – nb) = nRT
where p, Vindicate gas pressure and its volume. T is the Kelvin temperature of the gas. R is gas constant. Value of ‘a’ is a measure of the magnitude of intermolecular attractive forces within the molecule and is independent of temperature and pressure, ‘rib’ is approximately the total volume occupied by the molecules themselves. ‘a’ and ‘b’ are called van der Waals constants and their value depends upon the nature of the gas.

Question 10.
One mole of S02 gas occupied a volume of 350 mL at 27°C and 50 atm pressure. Calculate the compressibility factor of the gas. Comment on the type of deviation shown by the gas from ideal behaviour.

Answer:
Compressibility factor, Z =
Here n = 1, P = 50 atm, V = 350 × 10^-3 L = 0.35 L
R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1; T = 27 + 273 = 300 K
∴ Z = 50×0.351×0.0821×300 = 0.711
For an ideal gas Z = 1
As for the given gas Z < 1, it shows a negative deviation, i.e., it is more compressible than expected from ideal behaviour.

Question 11.
A mixture of CO and CO₂ is found to have a density of 1.5 g L^-1 at 20°C and 740 mm pressure. Calculate the composition of the mixture.

Answer:
1. Calculation of average molecular mass of the mixture
M = dRTP=1.50×0.0821×293740760 = 37.06

2. Calculation of percentage composition
Let mol% of CO in the mixture = x
Then mol% of CO? in the mixture = 100 – x

Average molecular mass

Question 12.
A 5-L vessel contains 14 g of nitrogen. When heated to 1800 K, 30% of molecules are dissociated into atoms. Calculate the pressure of the gas at 1800 K.

Answer:
N₂ ⇌ 2N

Initial moles = 1.428 = 0.05
Moles left = 0.05 – 30100 × 0.05 = 2 × 0.015 = 0.03

∴ Total no. of moles = 0.035 + 0.030 = 0.065
i.e. n = 0.065 mol, V = 5 L, T = 1800 K; P =?
P = nRTV=0.065×0.0821×18005
= 1.92 atm.

Question 13.
A given mass of a gas occupies 919.0 mL in a dry state at STP. The same mass when collected over water at 15°C and 750 mm pressure occupies on litre volume. Calculate the vapor pressure of water at 15°C.

Answer:
If p is the vapor pressure of water at 15°C, then P₂ = 750 – p
From the gas equation P1V1T1=P2V2T2, we get
760×919273=(750−p)×1000288
or
p = 13.3 mm

∴ Vapour pr. of water = 13.3 mm.

Question 14.
A steel tank containing air at 15 atm pressure at 15°C ¡s provided with a safety valve that will yield at a pressure of 30 atm. To what minimum temperature must the air be heated to below the safety valve?

Answer:
P1P2=T1T2
i.e., 1530=288 T2
or
T₂ = 576 K
or
t₂°C = 576 – 273 = 303°C

Question 15.
Calculate the pressure exerted by 110 g of CO₂ in a vessel of 2 L capacity at 37°C. Given that the van der Waals constants are a = 3.59 L² atm mol^-2 and b = 0.0427 L mol^-1. Compare the value with the calculated value if the gas were considered ideal.

Answer:
According to van der Waals equation

110
Here, n = 11044 = 2.5 moles. Putting the given values, we get
P = 2.5×0.0821×310(2−2.5×0.0427)−3.59×2.52
= 33.61 atm – 5.61 atm = 28.0 atm

If the gas were considered an ideal gas. applying ideal gas equation
PV = nRT
or
P = nRTV
∴ P = 2.5×0.0821×3102 = 31.8 atm

Read and Find Out
Q1. Who is the Tiger King? Why does he get that name?

ANSWER:
Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, the king of Pratibandapuram, is known as the Tiger King. At the time of his birth the astrologers declared that the prince would have to die one day. The ten-day-old prince asked the astrologers to reveal the manner of his death. The wise men were baffled at this miracle. The chief astrologer said that his death would come from the tiger. The young prince growled and uttered terrifying words: ‘Let tigers beware!’ He decided to kill one hundred tigers. He thus got the name ‘Tiger King’.

Q2. What did the royal infant grow up to be?

ANSWER:
The royal infant grew up to be the king of Pratibandapuram who was obsessed with the idea of killing one hundred tigers. He wanted to do so to disprove the prophecy which said that his death would come from the hundredth tiger. This made him kill all tigers of Pratibandapuram. He even married for the sake of this ambition. He came to be known as the Tiger King.

Q3. What will the Maharaja do to find the required number of tigers to kill?

ANSWER:
To get the required number of tigers to kill, the Maharaja asked his dewan to find a suitable girl for him to marry. A suitable girl for matrimonial alliance would be one who would not only come from a royal family but also belong to a state with a large tiger population. As Pratibandapuram had no more tigers left, a province that belonged to his father-in-law would certainly provide him with an opportunity to kill more tigers and reach his aim of killing one hundred tigers.

Q4. How will the Maharaja prepare himself for the hundredth tiger which was supposed to decide his fate?

ANSWER:
The Maharaja wanted to be extremely careful while dealing with the hundredth tiger which was supposed to be the reason for his death. On encountering the hundredth one, he took a careful aim at the tiger and shot it. When it fell in a crumpled heap, he was overcome with joy and left the place hastily.

Q5. What will now happen to the astrologer? Do you think the prophecy was indisputably disproved?

ANSWER:

The astrologer dies before the king of Pratibandapuram gets an opportunity to kill one hundred tigers. Disproving his prophecy seems to be the sole reason for the king’s existence. Except for killing hundred tigers, everything else takes a back-seat for the king.
The prophecy cannot to be indisputably disproved as the king was ultimately killed by a tiger, though neither by a real one nor by the hundredth one. Looking at the weak, old and almost lifeless tiger that was the hundredth one, no one would have thought that it would escape the king’s bullet by fainting at the shock of the bullet whizzing past. It was the “tiny little wooden tiger” from the toy shop that caused the death of Tiger King.

Reading with Insight
Q1. The story is a satire on the conceit of those in power. How does the author employ the literary device of dramatic irony in the story?

ANSWER:
The story “The Tiger King” is a supreme example of dramatic irony. The character acts in a way grossly inappropriate to the actual circumstances or expects the opposite of what fate holds in store for him’. Kalki has used a very dexterous use of dramatic irony in the story. After killing the first tiger the King flaunts its dead body before astrologer to show that he is more powerful than the tiger. However, the astrologer warns the king that he should be “careful with the hundredth tiger”. The king chooses to prove the astrologer wrong once again and makes frantic efforts to kill hundred tigers. Thus, having shot at the old tiger, the Tiger king believes he has killed the hundredth tiger. But the reader as well as the king’s officers and minions soon come to know that the emaciated tiger does not get killed but only faints. The king gets happy of killing the tiger but in actual ignorant of this ironical fate the prediction proves to be right and mere sliver on wooden tiger’s body causes his dramatic death. Quite ironically the hundredth tiger kills the king instead and astrologer’s predictions stands vindicated.

Q2. What is the author’s indirect comment on subjecting innocent animals to the willfulness of human beings?

ANSWER:

Through this satirical story the author has rightly portrayed how human beings have subjected innocent animals to untold torture and death, merely to fulfill their own whims and fancies. The maharaja’s indiscriminate killing of tigers led to their extinction in some states, but the maharaja was oblivious to the grave consequences his action was leading to. In order to prove an astrologer wrong the maharaja went on a killing spree proving his dominance over the hapless animals.

Q3. How would you describe the behaviour of the Maharaja’s minions towards him? Do you find them truly sincere towards him or are they driven by fear when they obey him? Do we find a similarity in today’s political order?

ANSWER:
Maharaja’s minions were subservient and sycophantic. Most of them were scared of Maharaja and tried to keep him in good humour by obeying his orders. They did not dare to disobey him as his displeasure could mean loss of their job or even loss of their lives.
The astrologer was afraid of predicting his death , till Maharaja told him to “ speak without fear”. Dewan who should have advised the king not to kill the tigers did not dare to go against his wishes and aided his marriage to a princess whose father’s kingdom possessed a large number of tigers. Being afraid of losing his job, he presented an old tiger to satisfy the whims of his Maharaja. Likewise , the hunters chose not to inform him of the survival of the 100th tiger and instead killed it themselves fearing that they might lose their jobs. Even the shopkeeper, who sold the king a cheap wooden toy tiger, quoted a higher price lest he should be punished under the rules of emergency.
So ,it is evident that the king’s minions were driven by fear rather than any feelings of sincerity towards their ruler.
Today’s political order is no different. We know too well that many of the people in power are not there because of their ability but because of their influence and power. Moreover, others pander to them for their own vested interests rather than for the good of the country.

Q4. Can you relate instances of game-hunting among the rich and the powerful in the present times that illustrate the callousness of human beings towards wildlife?
ANSWER:
There have been some instances of game hunting in the present times. Even the affluent have been involved in instances that illustrate the callousness of human beings towards wildlife.
Salman Khan – Black Buck poaching case.
Nawab Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi – Antelope case.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESRION:

Q1.Who is the hero of the story ‘The Tiger King’ ? How may he be identified?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram is the hero of this story. He may be identified as His Highness Jamedar-General, Khiledar-Major, Sata Vyaghra Samhari, Maharajadhiraja Visva Bhuvana Samrat, Sir Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, M.A.D., A.C.T.C., or C.R.C.K. This name is often shortened to the Tiger King.

Q2.What does the author consider imperative right at the start?
ANSWER:  Author considers it imperative to disclose a matter of vital importance about the Tiger King. He was a man of indomitable courage. Eveiyone who reads of him will have a natural desire to meet him face-to-face. But there is no chance of its fulfilment as the Tiger King is dead.

Q3. Which matter about the Tiger King is of extraordinary interest?
ANSWER:  The manner of the death of the Tiger King is of extraordinary interest. The most fantastic aspect of his demise was that as soon as he was bom, astrologers had foretold that one day the Tiger King would actually have to die.

Q4. What was the great miracle that took place? What was its result?
ANSWER:  The astrologers said the child bom under that particular star would one day have to meet its death. At that very moment a great miracle took place. An astonishing phrase emerged from the lips of the ten-day-old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, “O wise prophets!” Everyone stood motionless with astonishment and stupidity.

Q5. What did the infant born just ten days ago tell the wise astrologers?
ANSWER: The infant said that all those who are bom will one day have to die. So he did not need their predictions to know that. He further said that there would be some sense in it if they could tell him the manner of his death.

Q6. Why did the Maharaja order the dewan to double the land tax? [All India 2014]
ANSWER:  Maharaja went out on an expedition to find the hundredth tiger. The tiger could not be found. That is why in anger he ordered the dewan to double the land tax.

Q7. How did the chief astrologer react to the infant prince’s observation ?
ANSWER:  The chief astrologer was surprised. He placed his finger on his nose in wonder. It was incredible that the ten-day-old infant raised intelligent questions. He said that the prince was bom in the hour of the Bull. The Bull and the Tiger are enemies. Therefore, death comes from the Tiger.

Q8. How did the crown prince Jung Jung Bahadur grow up?
ANSWER:  The infant had an uneventful childhood. He grew up just like other royal princes of Indian states during the British rule. The prince grew taller and stronger day by day. The boy drank the milk of an English cow. He was brought up by an English nanny and tutored in English by an Englishman. He saw nothing but English films.

Q9. How does the author satirise the upbringing and education of crown princes of Indian states?
ANSWER:  The author makes us laugh by pointing out the excessive love of the Indian kings and queens for English education and English way of fife. They seemed so enamoured of everything English that the crown princes drank the milk of English cows, were brought up by English nannies and tutored in English by Englishmen. They saw only English films. Thus, they were Indians only in flesh and blood, but aped Englishmen in culture and manners.

Q10. Why did the Maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state? [Delhi 2014]
ANSWER:  Maharaja banned the tiger hunting in the state. Because he wanted to prove the predictions of state astrologer wrong that he would be killed by the hundredth tiger. That is why he put a ban on the hunting of tigers on all the tiger-rich forest of Pratibandapuram.

Q11. Why, do you think, did the Maharaja send for the State astrologer?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja was excited beyond measure when he killed his first tiger. He felt proud of his feat. He wanted to show the dead beast to the State astrologer. So, he sent for him and wanted to know what he said then.

Q12. Sum up in your own words the interview between the Maharaja and the State astrologer.
ANSWER:  On the orders of the Maharaja, the State astrologer said that his majesty might kill ninety- nine tigers in exactly the same manner. But he must be careful with the hundredth tiger. The Maharaja observed that the hundredth tiger might also be killed. What will happen then? The astrologer said that then he would tear up all his books on astrology and set fire to them. Moreover, he would cut off his tuft, crop his hair short and become an insurance agent.

Q13.Point out the irony in the statement: “From that day onwards it was celebration time for all the tigers inhabiting Pratibandapuram.”
ANSWER:  The state banned tiger hunting by anyone except the Maharaja. An official statement was issued. If anyone dared to harm a tiger even by flinging a stone at him, all his wealth and property would be confiscated. The tigers could rejoice that they would not be killed by the riff-raff. The irony is that they were set to die at the hands of the Maharaja. The bullets of his gun awaited them.

Q14.Hew did the Maharaja devote himself to realise his ambition? How far did he succeed?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja pursued his ambition with single minded devotion. He vowed that he would attend to all other matters only after killing the hundred tigers. He bravely faced many dangers to his life from tigers in achieving his mission. Sometimes he had to fight a tiger with his bare hands. But each time the Maharaja proved victorious by killing the beast.

Q15.Why, do you think, was the Maharaja in danger of losing his throne ?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja had annoyed a high-ranking British officer by refusing him permission to hunt tigers in Pratibandapuram. The Maharaja did not relent even when the request was toned down that the durai himself did not have to kill the tiger. The Maharaja could do the actual killing. The durai wanted only a photograph of himself holding the gun and standing over the tiger’s carcass. The Maharaja stood in danger of losing his throne because he prevented a British officer from fulfilling his desire.

Q16.What traits of the Maharaja and the British officer are exposed and satirised through the episode of refusal of permission for tiger hunt by the British officer?
ANSWER: It reveals that the Maharaja was wilful, obstinate and adamant. He had a false sense of honour. If he had permitted one British officers, others would also turn up. He is quite unreasonable and shows lack of understanding. Thus, he lacks practical approach. He would sacrifice diamonds to preserve his throne.
The British officer seems publicity conscious. He is more interested in the photographs with the dead-tiger than in the tiger-hunt. The costly gift of diamonds mollifies his hurt ego.

Q17. Would it be proper to call the Maharaja ‘penny-wise, pound foolish’? Give reasons for your answer.
ANSWER:  The Maharaja insists on restricting tiger-killing in his state to himself. He is unwilling to compromise in this regard. He would not let any other person be even photographed with a dead tiger in his state. He has to send a gift of fifty diamond rings to the British officer’s good lady to placate the injured feelings of the man and to retain his kingdom. It illustrates that he was penny-wise, pound foolish.

Q18. What sort of hunts did the Maharaja offer to organise for the high-ranking British officer ? What trait of the persons in high position does it reveal ?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja offered to organise any other hunt in place of the tiger hunt for the high- ranking British officer. He might go on a boar-hunt. A mouse-hunt might be conducted. They were ready even for a’ mosquito-hunt. This shows the vanity and love of idle pursuits and frivolous pastimes by the persons in high position.

Q19.Comment on the ‘rings episode’ in the story ‘The Tiger King’.
ANSWER:  The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram ordered a famous British company of jewellers in Calcutta to send samples of expensive diamond rings of different designs. Some fifty rings arrived. The Maharaja sent the whole lot to the British officer’s good lady. He expected her to choose one or two rings and send the rest back. But she simply sent a letter of thanks.
The episode reveals human weaknesses such as vanity, pride, greed, cunningness, flattery and appeasement.

Q20……. an unforeseen hurdle brought his mission to a standstill”. What was the mission and how did it stop? What do you find amusing in the reasons justifying the ‘hurdle’?
ANSWER: The Maharaja’s mission was to shoot one hundred tigers. He had killed seventy tigers within ten years. Then the tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram. The possible reasons for the absence of tigers are quite amusing and even ludicrous. Either the tigers practised birth control or they committed suicide. They might have run away from the state. Perhaps they desired to be shot by the British hands alone.

Q21.How did the dewan behave when the Maharaja summoned him and brandished his gun?
ANSWER:  The dewan shuddered at the sight of the gun. He cried out, “Your Majesty! I am not a tiger!” The Maharaja enquired which idiot would call him a tiger. The dewan then declared that he was not a gun. The Maharaja became a bit polite. Addressing him as ‘Dewan Saheb’ he assured him that he was neither tiger nor gun. He was summoned there for a different purpose.

Q22. How did the dewan react to the Maharaja’s declaration. “I have decided to get married”?
ANSWER:  The reaction of the dewan is quite funny and amusing. He thinks that the Maharaja wants to marry him. He says that he has already two wives. The Maharaja clarifies that he does not want to marry him. He wants a tiger. The dewan interrupts him saying that his ancestors were married to the sword. He might marry the gun if he liked. He added that a Tiger King was more than enough for that state. It did not need a Tiger Queen as well.

Q23. How did the Maharaja make his intentions clear to the dewan ? What, do you think, is his first priority in marriage ?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja said that he was not thinking of marrying either a tiger or a gun. He wanted to marry a girl from the ranks of human beings. He asked the dewan to collect statistics of tiger population in the different native states. Then he should find out if there was a girl he could marry in the royal family of the state with a large tiger population. Evidently, his first priority is the tiger,

Q24.How did the Maharaja succeed in raising his tiger tally to ninety-nine?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja married a girl from a state which possessed a large number of tigers. Each time he visited his father-in-law, he killed five or six tigers. In this manner he raised the tally of tigers killed by him from seventy to ninety-nine.

Q25.Why was the Maharaja so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja had killed ninety-nine tigers. If he could kill just one more tiger, he would have no fear left. Then he could give up tiger hunting altogether. He thought of the tiger during the day and dreamt of it at night. Moreover, he had to be extremely careful with that last tiger. The late chifef astrologer had already warned him.

Q26.“It seemed easier to find tiger’s milk than a live tiger” Why? What does the contradiction imply?
ANSWER:  As the Maharaja reached near the coveted figure of hundred, his difficulties also multiplied. He had already killed ninety-nine tigers, but then the tiger farms ran dry even in his father-in-law’s kingdom. It became impossible to locate tigers anywhere. The hundredth tiger seemed difficult to find. One can’t get tiger’s milk without finding the tigress. Yet it is thought easier than finding a live tiger. The contradiction implies the difficulty in locating a tiger.

Q27.Why was the Maharaja sunk in gloom? Was he able to overpower it? How /How not?
ANSWER:  Only one tiger remained to be killed by the Maharaja, but it seemed impossible to locate a tiger. So, the Maharaja was sunk in gloom. Then he got the happy news. In his own state sheep began to disappear frequently from a hillside village. It was found out that this was not the work of Khader Mian Saheb or Virasami Naicker. Both of them could swallow sheep whole. It was then deduced that it was the work of a tiger. The villagers ran to inform the Maharaja about the availability of a tiger.

Q28.What aspects of the Maharaja’s nature and conduct does the wait for the hundredth tiger reveal?
ANSWER: The wait for the hundredth tiger reveals the royal rage, obstinacy and firm determination of the Maharaja. He refused to leave the forest until the tiger was found. Many officers lost their jobs because of his anger. Even the dewan was asked to resign his post. This shows that the Maharaja was insensitive towards his employees.

Q29.How, do you think, did the dewan try to help the Maharaja achieve his mission?
ANSWER:  The aged dewan was very wise. He brought an old tiger from the People’s Park in Madras. He kept it hidden in his house. Judging the impatience of the Maharaja to shoot the tiger, he decided to release it near the Maharaja’s camp. So, at midnight he dragged the tiger to the car with the help of his aged wife and shoved it into the seat. He drove the car himself straight to the forest and hauled the beast out of the car and pushed it down to the ground near the Maharaja’s camp.

Q30.How does the tiger behave towards the dewan, the Maharaja and the hunters? What does his behaviour show?
ANSWER:  The tiger behaves like a pet animal with the dewan. The dewan and his aged wife drag the tiger to the car and shove it into the seat. In the forest, the tiger launches its satyagraha and refuses to get out of the car. The Dewan tries hard to haul it out of the car and push it down to the ground.
It stands before the Maharaja as if in humble supplication. It falls down in a crumpled heap as the Maharaja fires the gun. It faints from the shock of the bullet whizzing past. It looks back at the hunters rolling its eyes in bafflement. This shows that it is a very old and weak tiger.

Q31.“The bullet had missed it.” “This time he killed it without missing his mark.” Whose bullet had missed the tiger? How was the beast killed ultimately? Bring out the irony of the situation.
ANSWER:  The Maharaja’s bullet missed the tiger though he had taken careful aim at the beast. The shock of the sound of the bullet made it faint. One hunter took aim from a distance of one foot and shot the tiger dead.
It is ridiculous that the Tiger King who had killed ninety-nine tigers should miss his aim. It is funny that the hunter takes aim from a hand-shaking distance. The whole situation is ironic.

Q32. How does the hundredth tiger take its final revenge upon the Tiger King?
ANSWER:  The Tiger King could not kill the hundredth tiger. It had merely fainted from shock of the sound of the bullet. It is the wooden tiger from the toyshop that becomes the cause of Maharaja’s death. One of the slivers on its body pierces the Maharaja’s right hand. Infection flares up and the prick develops into a suppurating sore. The Maharaja dies during the operation.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

Q1. What do you learn about princes and kings of native Indian states during the British rule from the story ‘The Tiger King’?
ANSWER:  The story ‘The Tiger King’ presents a fair glimpse of the young princes and the Maharajas ©f native Indian states. Their long names with descriptive titles and decorative honours was more a rule than an exception. They considered recognition from the British government and its officers a favour. They aped the Britishers in upbringing, education, manners and behaviour. The Maharajas were autocrats and their words were the law. They could be benevolent as well as stubborn. Their minions as well as ministers feared and respected them. Sometimes their whims proved quite costly to the state coffer. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram spends three lakh of rupees on gift of diamond rings to retain his kingdom. Marriages with princesses of other states are based on considerations other than love or virtues of the girl. In short, the Princes and Maharajas are portrayed as whimsical, stubborn and excitable persons proud of their virtues and valour.

Q2. What did the astrologers predict about the infant prince ? What was the miracle that baffled them. ? What did the chief astrologer enlighten the prince about and how ?
ANSWER:  As soon as the prince was bom, astrologers predicted that one day the Tiger King would certainly have to die. It was the influence of the star under which he was bom. At that very moment a great miracle took place. An astonishing phrase emerged from the lips of the ten-day-old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur, “O wise prophets!” Everyone stood motionless with astonishment and stupidity. The infant said that all those who are bom will have to die one day. So he did not need their predictions to know that. However, there would be some sense in it if they could tell him the manner of that death.
The astrologers were baffled that a baby barely ten-day-old has not only opened his lips in speech but had also raised intelligent questions. It was quite incredible. The chief astrolo¬ger fixed his eyes upon the little prince. He said that the prince was bom in the hour of the
Bull. The Bull and the Tiger are enemies. Therefore, death comes from the Tiger.

Q3. How did the Maharaja try to disprove the prediction of the chief astrologer? What did the state astrologer assert when the Maharaja summoned him to show his first kill?
ANSWER:  Since the astrologers had predicted death from Tiger, the Maharaja decided to kill tigers to defend himself. Hence he started out on a tiger hunt campaign. There were enough tigers in the forests of Pratibandapuram state. The Maharaja was thrilled beyond mea¬sure when he killed his first tiger. He sent for the state astrologer and showed him the dead beast.
The Maharaja asked the astrologer what he said then. The astrologer said that his maj-esty might kill ninety-nine tigers in exactly the same manner, but he must be very careful with the hundredth tiger. Maharaja wanted to know what would happen if the hundredth ; tiger was also killed.
The state astrologer said that in that case he would tear up all his books on astrology and ‘ set fire to them. Moreover, he would cut off his tuft, crop his hair short and become an insurance agent.

Q4. What problems did the Maharaja face in pursuit of his mission ? How did he resolve them ?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja started his mission of killing one hundred tigers with single-minded devo¬tion. He focused all his energy and attention to it. He vowed that he would attend to all other matters only after killing one hundred tigers. Initially, the king seemed well set to realise his ambition. Then dangers and difficulties cropped up. There were times when the bullet missed its mark. The tiger would leap upon him and he had to fight the wild beast with his bare hands. Luckily, each time the Maharaja, who had indomitable cour¬age, won.
Once he was in danger of losing his throne because he did not permit a high-ranking British officer to hunt a tiger in the Pratibandapuram forest. The king did not accede to his request for being photographed with a gun on the carcass of a tiger killed by the Maharaja. The Maharaja had to part with a costly gift to placate his injured feelings and save his kingdom.

Q5. How does the author satirise the hunting instincts of the persons in authority ?
ANSWER:  The story tells us that big game hunting was considered a royal sport. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram went to the extent of banning tiger-hunt in his own kingdom by all others except himself.
Tiger-hunt became an obsession for him. He thought of tiger during the day and dreamt of it at night. He postponed all affairs of the state and devoted himself only to tiger-hunt. Thus, a pastime or sport became the only aim of his life. He married for the sake of tiger. He chose a princess in whose kingdom there were plenty of tigers. He could undertake any risks for tiger-hunt.
The British officers had also developed a fondness for this royal sport. Perhaps they considered it a status symbol. They were publicity conscious and wanted to be photographed with a gun in hand and the carcass of a tiger at feet. Various other hunts were also prevalent. These included boar-hunt, mouse-hunt and mosquito-hunt. The descending order of risk and resistance from the victims makes us laugh at the whims and craziness of the hunters. Thus, the story exposes the fondness of persons in authority for hunting wild animals.

Q6. How did the Maharaja devise a new avenue to fulfil his ambition to kill one hundred tigers? How far did he succeed?
ANSWER:  The Tiger King had resolved to kill one hundred tigers. During ten years he killed seventy tigers in his kingdom. Then the tigers became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram. The Maharaja devised a plan. He decided to get married. He asked the dewan to collect statistics of tiger population in different native states. Then he was assigned the job to find out if there was any girl in the royal household that he could marry. The main criterion for the selection of the princess was that her father’s kingdom should have a large number of tiger population. The dewan complied with the orders of the Maharaja. Then the Maharaja married a girl from a state which possessed a large tiger population. Each time he visited his father-in-law, he killed five or six tigers. In this way he was successful in killing niqety-nine tigers.

Q7. Give an account of the Maharaja’s impatience for the hundredth tiger and the actual encounter. What, do you think, caused the death of the Tiger King?
ANSWER:  The Maharaja was keen to kill the hundredth tiger. If he did so, he would have no fears left. It became impossible to locate tigers anywhere. When the villagers informed him of the activities of a tiger near hillside, he went to the forest and waited there. The tiger seemed to have deliberately hid himself to defy the Maharaja’s will.
The wise, aged dewan got an old tiger brought from the People’s Park in Madras. He released it at night in the forest near the Maharaja’s camp. In the morning, the same tiger wandered into the Maharaja’s presence and stood their meekly. The Maharaja took careful aim at the beast. The tiger fell down. Actually the bullet had missed it, The old tiger had fainted with the shock of the bullet passing near him.
The Tiger King died due to an infection from a tiny sliver of a wooden tiger. The prick developed into a sore with pus. A surgical operation was performed on his arm, but he died. The writer comments that the hundredth tiger took its final revenge upon the Tiger King.

Q8. Comment on the ending of the story ‘The Tiger King’. Do you find it convincing? Give reasons. 
ANSWER:  The ending of the story ‘The Tiger King’ seems tame, unconvincing and rather contrived. It seems unnatural and unrealistic. It is beyond comprehension how a king who has over powered ferocious tigers in single combat with bare hands succumbs to a prick from the sliver of a wooden tiger.
It is amazing to find how the infection flares in the Maharaja’s right hand. In four days, the prick develops into a suppurating sore and spreads all over the arm. The three sur¬geons perform a successful operation but fail to save the Maharaja. How is the operation successful then? It seems that the author wants us to believe that the astrologer was right and the hundredth tiger took its final revenge upon the Tiger King.This ending may satisfy superstitious readers with orthodox beliefs, but for the enlight¬ened minds of the age of computers and rockets it is a bitter pill to swallow.

Q9. Comment on the appropriateness of the title ‘The Tiger King’.
ANSWER:  ‘The Tiger King’ is a quite appropriate and suggestive title. It focuses attention on the hero of the story—The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram, who is also nick named the Tiger King. The story spans from his birth to death and covers all the landmarks connected with his passion—tiger-hunt. For him human relations and the affairs of the state are second¬ary. He marries a princess for the sake of a tiger. When he celebrates the third birthday of the crown prince, he brings a wooden tiger for him as a gift. It is ironic that the sliver of the wooden tiger causes his death. The overconfidence and false sense of security of the Tiger King on having killed the hundredth tiger leads to his doom. The story which begins with the prediction of death of the Tiger King right at his birth, ends with his death from a tiger. Thus, the title is quite apt.

Q10.What devices does the author use to make the story ‘The Tiger King’ humorous and interesting?
ANSWER:  The author uses many literary devices to make this story humorous as well as interest-ing. He introduces the elements of shock and surprise by making the ten-day-old baby open his lips to talk and ask intelligent questions. The predictions of the astrologers convey inevitability of death, but the man of indomitable courage i.e., the Tiger King faces the agent of death i.e., the tiger many times and comes out victorious every time.
The description of the education and upbringing of crown princes of Indian states and their craze for ‘English’ provides lots of fun. The mention of various hunts: tiger-hunt, boar-hunt, mouse-hunt, mosquito-hunt makes us laugh at the pastimes of the people in authority at the cost of innocent animals. The last two hunts seem funny and ridiculous.
The Maharaja’s thought of marrying a girl for the sake of tiger is also amusing. The behaviour of the high-ranking British officer and that of the Maharaja and his dewan at different points in the story provoke laughter and maintain the reader’s interest in the narrative.

Read and Find Out
Q1. What does the third level refer to?

ANSWER:

The third level refers to the subway of the Grand Central Station that takes passengers to Galesburg, Illinois. The third level on the station was a medium of escape for Charley, the narrator from the harsh realities of modern life. It provided him a base where he could interweave fantasy and reality.

Q2. Would Charley ever go back to the ticket-counter on the third level to buy tickets to Galesburg for himself and his wife?
ANSWER:

No, Charley would never go back to the ticket-counter on the third level to buy tickets to Galesburg for himself and his wife because third level was his imagination.

Reading with Insight

Q1.Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape for Charley? Why?

ANSWER:
Yes, I think that the third level was a medium of escape for Charley. Life in modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worries and stress. Man has to confront them all the times. The harsh realities of life make living quite unpleasant and even unbearable. So he wants to escape into a wishful world. Charley talks to his psychiatrist friend about the third level at the Grand Central Station. His friend calls it “a walking-dream wish fulfillment”. Charley possesses an escapist tendency. Even his stamp collecting is a ‘temporary refuge from reality’.

Q2. What do you infer from Sam’s letter to Charley?

ANSWER:
The way Charley came across Sam’s letter was surrounded in mystery. Among his oldest first-day covers, he found an envelope. The envelope containing the letter bore the address of his grandfather. It was written on July 18, 1894. The postmark showed the Picture of President Garfield. Generally the first day covers have blank papers in them, but this one contained a letter. The letter was addressed to Charley. In the letter Sam had informed Charley that he was living on the third level. He had also told Charley and his wife to keep looking for the third level. Clearly, the letter was a product of Charley’s imagination.

Q3. ‘The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress.’ What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them?

ANSWER:
We can overcome the anxieties and insecurities bred by our inevitable existence in the modern world by getting involved in some practical and beneficial activities. Cultivating hobbies, spending time with family and friends, going on trips and excursions, pursuing meditation and exercises help us live a balanced and healthy life. Reading good books is equivalent to having good friends with great insight. They not only enrich us with the vast store of knowledge but also help us to learn from other’s experience and stay rooted to some basic qualities of humanity. Joining hobby classes or gym, attending social events like birthdays and weddings, going for outdoor games, interacting meaningfully through social-networking sites and writing diaries etc can also help us relieve our worries and stay focussed and disciplined in life. Simple activities like listening to music, playing with pets, an occasional dinner out, watching cinema or plays or going to places like parks etc can go a long way in helping us get rid of stress, boredom and insecurities.
Q4. Do you see an intersection of time and space in the story?

ANSWER:
Yes, there are certain instances in the story that show an intersection of time and space. Firstly, the first two levels of Grand Central Station were located in the present time while the third level existed in the 1890s. Secondly, Charley and his wife, Louisa, live in the present time yet he rushes to get old currency to buy two tickets to go to the Galesburg of 1894. Further, the old architecture of the platform at the third level is different from the modern platforms of the first two levels. Besides, the archaic manner of dressing by the people, and the newspaper, The World, dated June 11, 1984 also overlaps with Charley’s real time world and existence. Lastly, the letter that was mailed to Charley’s grandfather on 18th July, 1894 highlights the intersection of time and space as the sender (Charley’s friend Sam) and receiver (Charley himself) belong to the present time.

Q5. Apparent illogicality sometimes turns out to be a futuristic projection? Discuss.

ANSWER:
It is true that apparent illogicality sometimes turns out to be a futuristic projection. Before the Wright Brothers invented the first aeroplane, nobody could have dared to believe that man could fly. Before Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, it would have been impossible to believe in long-distance talks happening in the real-time interface. Moreover, there are examples of inventions, like that of inventing a modern-day sewing machine with a needle that has hole on its wrong end, which were conceived in dreams but now are part of our everyday reality.
All this emphasises that fantasies of one point of time that seem illogical may turn out to be revolutionary things that change the future of the mankind. Similarly, it would not be far-fetched to think about railway stations fitted with time-machine devices that would make travel from one era to another just a matter of time.

Q6. Philately helps keep the past alive. Discuss other ways in which this is done. What do you think of the human tendency to constantly move between the past, the present and the future?

ANSWER:
Besides philately, there are numerous other ways to help keep the past alive. Collecting historical artefacts, paintings and inscriptions in a museum, collecting and reading books (including autobiographies, bio-sketches, letters and diary entries) written in different eras, collecting and viewing documentaries and other videos are all a few ways of revisiting history. Besides, we can keep our culture and traditions alive when we follow the rituals in ceremonies, treasure memories in the form of videos, photographs and audio collections. Also, reviving old monuments, buildings and other artefacts may prove a huge learning opportunity to those visiting such places, and promote tourism at the same time.
The capacity to oscillate between the past, present and future is a great intellectual gift. This human tendency enables him to plan for the future in the present by reaping benefits from the past. Consider a very simple example of adopting a study technique for board exams. Considering the past result (of class test or half yearly exams) a student makes a strategy plan to address the weak areas more and score better in the future. Thus, such a tendency helps in ensuring acceptance of the impact of important decisions taken at any point of time and learning from them

Q7. You have read ‘Adventure’ by Jayant Narlikar in Hornbill Class XI. Compare the interweaving of fantasy and reality in the two stories.

ANSWER:
In ‘Adventure’ Jayant Narlikar expressed that many world exist simultaneously though they appear to be separated by time. He expressed that the other world also existed and prospered with the world we are aware of. On the other hand, In the third level, Charley a young new york commuter wandering Grand Central Station by accident finds a gateway that leads to a real past of 1894Seizing the oppurtunity Charley attempts to escape the rat race by buying a one way ticket to his childhood town of Galesburg. Not having proper currency for that period, he forced to postpone his plan to escape to the past.

Before you Read
Q1.What does the title of the poem suggest to you? Are you reminded of other poems on tigers?

ANSWER:
The title, “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”, suggests that the poem is about Aunt Jennifer’s knitted tigers that, with their chivalric, ferocious, bright and carefree attitude, become an alternate world of her creation. The tigers are the only means of free expression in her life, which is otherwise burdened by fear and struggles of the married life.
There are many other poems written about tigers, some of which are given below.
“The Tiger” by William Blake
“Tiger” by Alec Derwent Hope
“Tiger Drinking at Forest Pool” by Ruth Padel

Think it Out

Q1. How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tiger’s attitudes?

ANSWER:
Like all beasts of prey, the tigers are the denizens of forest. They live far away from human settlements. They are called ‘chivalric.’ This indicates the majestic and honourable position that they occupy in the world of animals. So the use of the words ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ adds to our understanding of the tigers’ attitudes.

Q2. Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are ‘fluttering through her wool’ in the second stanza? Why is she finding the needle so hard to pull?

ANSWER:
Aunt Jennifer’s hands are ‘fluttering through her wool’ because she is an old lady on whom age has taken its toll. The fluttering of Aunt Jennifer’s fingers also signifies her oppressed mental condition which makes it difficult for her to even pull an ivory needle while embroidering.

Q3. What is suggested by the image ‘massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’?

ANSWER:
The ‘wedding band’ that the poet talks about was the wedding ring worn by Aunt Jennifer. The image ‘massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’ suggests that she was overburdened with duties and responsibilities, post her marriage.

Q4. Of what or of whom is Aunt Jennifer terrified with in the third stanza?

ANSWER:
Even after death, Aunt would carry her fear of her domineering husband as she would yet bear the burden of the wedding band on her finger. The ordeals faced by her in an oppressive marriage would continue to terrify her

Q5.What are the ‘ordeals’ Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by? Why is it significant that the poet uses the word ‘ringed’? What are the meanings of the word ‘ringed’ in the poem?
ANSWER: Aunt Jennifer has been living her life in accordance with the rules laid down by her husband. Her life lacks expression and is overburdened by the demands and duties of her married life. Although old and weak, she still has to face oppression by her husband. These are the ordeals that the poet talks about.
The use of word ‘ringed’, in the poem, is significant and appropriate because it correctly represents the vicious circle from which Aunt Jennifer is unable to free herself. The word ‘ringed’ not only indicates that she is wearing her wedding ring but also that she is bound by the responsibilities, fear and oppression of her marriage for entire life and, probably, after it too.
Q6. Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that are so different from her own character? 
What might the poet be suggesting, through this difference?
ANSWER:
The timid and fearful Aunt Jennifer creates an alternative world of free and fearless tigers to express her longing for freedom, a medium of escape from her grim marriage.
The ironical contrast underscores a warning by the poet against acceptance of subjugation by women as it crushes their dreams, individuality and a full life.
Q7. Interpret the symbols found in this poem.

ANSWER:
Wedding band: symbol of oppression in an unhappy marriage. Marriage is socially and legally binding, making women silently accept their subjugation and male domination, especially in a patriarchal society. Its weight refers to the burden of gender expectations. Ringed means encircled or trapped, losing individuality and freedom.
Aunt Jennifer: a typical victim of male oppression in an unhappy marriage, who suffers loss of individuality, dignity and personal freedom silently. She becomes dependent, fearful and frail.
Tigers: symbolize untamed free spirit. Here they are antithesis of their creator’s personality. The use of colours implies that Aunt Jennifer’s tigers and their land are more vital and enjoy a sense of freedom far greater than her. Yellow (bright topaz) connotes the sun and fierce energy, while green reminds one of spring and vitality.
They pace and prance freely, proudly, fearless, confident and majestic in their bearing.
Embroidery: symbol of creative expression. The artwork expresses the Aunt’s suppressed desires and becomes her escape from the oppressive reality of her life.
Aunt (last stanza): as opposed to Aunt Jennifer. It shows that she has lost her identity completely, thus lost even her name.

Q8. Do you sympathise with Aunt Jennifer? What is the attitude of the speaker towards Aunt Jennifer?

ANSWER:
Yes, the character of Aunt Jennifer wins our sympathy as a reader. Her ordeals and sufferings move the reader. Even the speaker in the poem shows sympathy and pity towards her. The speaker says that even after Aunt Jennifer’s death, she will be terrified of her husband and the ordeals of her marriage.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION:

Q1. What do you learn about^Aunt Jennifer’s tigers on reading the poem?
  ANSWER: Aunt Jennifer’s tigers were created in the panel by her own hands. They appeared to be prancing (jumping) across a screen. They looked sleek. They were bright like yellow topaz. They were majestic and courageous. They didn’t fear the men beneath the tree. They paced in ‘chivalric certainty’.

Q2. How has Aunt Jennifer created her tigers? What traits of tigers do they reveal!
ANSWER:  Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are her own creations. She works with wool and ivory needles. She has created them in the panel. They have all the traits of the beasts of prey who are denizens of green forests. They are well-built and well-groomed. They are chivalric and full of confidence.

Q3. What difficulty does Aunt Jennifer face while making her tigers and why ?
ANSWER:  Aunt Jennifer is making her tigers in the panels. She is using ivory needles. Her fingers are fluttering through the wool. She finds it difficult (hard) to pull even the ivory needles. The reason is obvious. The weight of unhappy and unfortunate experiences of her married life sits heavily on her hands.

Q4. What is the weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? Hou: is it associated with her husband?
ANSWER:  Aunt Jennifer is working with ivory needles and wool. But she can’t move her fingers freely in the wool. She finds it hard to pull even the ivory needles easily. The experiences
of her past married life are quite bitter. She has unpleasant memories of her married life with her husband. The heavy weight of the wedding band sits heavily upon her hand.

Q5. How will Aunt Jennifer’s hands look when she is dead?
ANSWER:  When Aunt Jennifer dies, her hands will still look terrified. Perhaps she has experienced a lot of hardships and troubles in the past. Their effect has left its print on her hands. The ordeals that crushed her married life had sorrounded and cramped her fingers and hands too.

Q6. What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead?
  ANSWER: Aunt Jennifer’s tigers will survive her. She has created the tigers in a panel. They are made of wool. These objects of art will survive their creator. The tigers will go on jumping, proud and unafraid.

Q7. Describe the poetic devices used in the poem Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’.
ANSWER:  Adrienne Rich’s Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ a beautiful short poem rich in symbolism and imagery. The mataphor ‘bright topaz’ depicts the shining yellow complexion of her tigers. The effective use of alliteration in ‘sleek, chivalric certainty’ describes the pace of the tigers effectively. ‘The massive weight of wedding band’ symbolises ordeals and hardships of Aunt Jennifer’s married fife. The images ‘terrified hands’ and ‘ringed with ordeal’ create the effect of oppression and terror as well as captivity.

Q8. How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her?[All India 2014]
ANSWER:  Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are a picture of strength, beauty and certainty. They seem to be jumping across a screen. They “pace in sleek chivalric certainty”. They are confident and impressive. Aunt Jennifer is a weak, depressed and terrified person. Life has been a cup of woes for her. She is still in the grip of those ordeals and terrors that she faced and suffered from dining her married life. Her fingers are so ‘terrified’ that they find it hard to pull even the ivory needle. Thus, the contrast is amply highlighted.

Q9. What are the difficulties that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? [Delhi 2014]
ANSWER: The fife of Aunt Jennifer was overburdened by the duties of her married life. Hardships and sufferings were the parts bf her married fife. She had to face oppression by her husband even though she was old and weak.

Before you Read
Q1.Have you ever stopped at a roadside stand? What have you observed there?
ANSWER:
The poet believes that when we encounter a beautiful thing, even for a small moment, the pleasure remains with us forever. It leaves a lasting impression that inspires us to live life with hope and optimism.

Think about it

Q.1The city folk who drove through the countryside hardly paid any heed to the roadside stand or to the people who ran it. If at all they did, it was to complain. Which lines bring this out? What was their complaint about?

ANSWER:

“The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong”
According to the city folk, these stalls with inartistic signboards blemish the scenic beauty of the landscape.

Q2.What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand?
ANSWER:

The rural folks pleaded pathetically for some customers to stop by and buy some of their
goods. City folks used to pass by on this road and hence the rural folk set up the roadsidehttps://30e6734ea96ae238b1b539a932e6585d.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.htmlstand to attract their attention and sell their goods.

Q3. The government and other social service agencies appear to help the poor rural people, but actually do them no good. Pick out the words and phrases that the poet uses to show their double standards.

ANSWER:

The poet criticizes the double standards of the government and other social service agencies who promise to improve the standard of living of the poor farmers and show them the rosy side of life. Yet, when the time comes to deliver their promise, they either forget them or fulfill them keeping in view their own benefits.  The poet calls them “greedy good-doers” and “beneficent beasts of prey”, who “swarm over their lives”. The poet says that these greedy people make calculated and well thought-out shrewd moves, to which the innocent, unaware farmers fall prey. These humble and simple farmers are robbed of their peace of mind by these clever people. The poet says,  “…..enforcing benefits
That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits,
And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day,
Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way.”

Q4. What is the ‘childish longing’ that the poet refers to? Why is it ‘vain’?
ANSWER:
The poet thinks that the persons who are running the roadside stand, suffer from a childish longing. They are always expecting customers and waiting for their prospective customers. They keep their windows open to attract them. They become sad when no one turns up. They are always waiting to hear the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car. But all their efforts go in vain.

Q5. Which lines tell us about the insufferable pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor?

ANSWER:
Filled with empathy, the poet is unable to bear the plight of the unassuming and innocent rural people. The lines below show his insufferable pain: “Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear
The thought of so much childish longing in vain,
The sadness that lurks near the open window there,
That waits all day in almost open prayer”

TEXTBOOK QUESTION SOLVED:

Before you Read

Q.1 What pleasure does a beautiful thing give us? Are beautiful things worth treasuring?

ANSWER:
The world is filled with negative elements which make our life dull, sad, depressing and bereft of hope. In such moments, a beautiful thing gives us everlasting joy and helps us forget our sorrows.
Yes, a beautiful thing is worth treasuring because even its memory soothes our nerves and inspires us to overcome the challenges of life.

Think it Out

Q.1 List the things of beauty mentioned in the poem.
ANSWER:
The things of beauty are the sun, the moon, old and new trees, daffodils, clear rills, musk roses that bloom among the thick forest ferns.

Q.2List the things that cause suffering and pain.

ANSWER:
The things that cause suffering are dark phases of our life, adverse circumstances, gloomy days, death of noble people and bad health.

Q.3What does the line, ‘Therefore are we wreathing a flowery band to bind us to earth’ suggest to you?

ANSWER:
This line suggests that things of beauty bind us to the earth with a beautiful connection. According to the poet, even if the world is not worth living because of the innumerable reasons that ultimately result in gloom and depression, the zeal to live a happy and content life can be derived from the sight of the beautiful bounties of nature around us.

Q.4 What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings?
ANSWER:
Human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings because of the existence of several natural and beautiful things around them. These things of beauty never fade. They give joy and optimism to human mind, and thus, help in overcoming or bearing the troubles and sufferings.

Q.5 Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with the ‘mighty dead’?
ANSWER:
The ‘grandeur’ of the ‘mighty dead’ lies in their noble deeds. They have left behind the beautiful legacy of their brave acts. Their selfless sacrifice for their nation and deeds for the welfare of mankind still continue to inspire us.

Q.6Do we experience things of beauty only for short moments or do they make a lasting impression on us?

ANSWER:
The poet believes that when we encounter a beautiful thing, even for a small moment, the pleasure remains with us forever. It leaves a lasting impression that inspires us to live life with hope and optimism.

Q.7What image does the poet use to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth?
ANSWER:
The poet uses the image of ‘an endless fountain of immortal drink’ to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth. The earth, like a fountain, pours unto us numerous beautiful sights like the sun, the moon, flowers, rivers and greenery.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q1. How is a thing of beauty a joy forever?
ANSWER: According to John Keats a thing of beauty is a joy of forever. It is a constant source of happiness and pleasure. Its loveliness increases every moment. It will never pass into nothingness. In other words, a thing of beauty is never devalued.

Q2. How does a thing of beauts provide us shelter and comfort?
ANSWER:  John Keats is a great Romantic poet. He is rich in sensuous imagery. Nature provides us things of rare beauty. It keeps a bower quiet for us. A bower is a pleasant place in the shade under a tree. A thing of beauty also provides us peace and security. We enjoy a sound sleep which is full of sweet dreams, health and peaceful breathing.

Q3. How do us bind our self to the earth every morning?
ANSWER:  All the Romantic poets stress upon the relationship between man and nature. Keats believes that there is an unbreakable bond which binds man with nature and the earth. The beauties of the earth fascinate man. Every object of nature is a source of beauty and happiness. Everyday we are weaving a wreath of flowers. This flowery band binds us to the beauties of this earth.

Q4. What are the things that cause miseries, sorrows and sufferings to man ?
ANSWER:   Man himself is the root cause of all his sufferings. We suffer from malice and distress because we lack human qualities that makes us inhuman. Our life becomes gloomy. We cultivate unhealthy and evil ways. All such things bring miseries, sorrows and sufferings to man.

Q5. What spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed?
ANSWER:  Man is the creator of his woes. His own nature and actions make his life miserable. He faces miseries and pains. A pall of despondence covers his dark spirits. A thing of beauty provides a ray of hope to man. Some shape of beauty works wonders amid these sorrows and sufferings. It is a thing of beauty that removes the pall of despondence over our dark spirits.

Q6. Name the beauties of nature that are constant source of joy and happiness to man.
ANSWER:   Nature is a store house of beauty. The beauties of nature are endless. The sun, the moon, old and young trees, beautiful daffodil flowers and green surroundings are some of such beautiful things. Small streams with clear water, thick mass of ferns, thickets of forest and musk-rose are some other things of beauty. All such things of beauty are a constant source of joy and happiness to man.

Q7. Why and how is ‘grandeur associated with the ‘mighty dead’?
ANSWER:   The dooms day is considered the day of judgement, when the dead will receive what is due to them. Our mighty dead forefathers earned name and fame with their noble deeds. It is hoped that they will be rewarded with rare magnificence and grandeur.

Q8. How is a thing of beauty lovelier than all the lovely tales we have heard and read?
ANSWER:  All beautiful things of nature are a boon for humanity. The magnificence and beauty of objects of nature surpasses the grandeur of dooms that we have imagined for our mighty dead forefathers. It is lovelier than all the lovely tales that we have heard or read.

Q9. What is the source of the ‘endless fountain’ and what is its effect?
ANSWER:   A fountain of eternal joy’and immortality pours into the heart and soul of man. It flows right from the heavens brink and pours into the human heart. It is like an immortal nectar. The immortal drink that nature’s endless fountain pours into our hearts is a source of immense joy for us.

Q10. What is the message for the theme) of the poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’?
ANSWER:  The very first line contains the message that John Keats, the great Romantic poet, wants to convey. Keats was a worshipper of beauty. For him beauty was truth and truth, beauty. Hence, for him a thing of beauty is a joy forever. Beauty never fades. Nor is it ever devalued. It never passes into nothingness. When we are full of sorrows and sufferings, some form of beauty comes to our rescue. It removes the pall of sadness and sorrows and gives us joy and pleasure. Thus, beauty is a boon for human beings.