UNIT-1: DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION (ADVANCED) USING LIBREOFFICE WRITER

Chapter 1: Introduction to Styles

What are Styles?

Definition: Styles are pre-defined formatting sets that you can apply to text, paragraphs, pages, or other elements in your document with just one click.

Real-life Example: Think of styles like dress codes:

• “Formal” = Business suit (like Heading 1 style)
• “Casual” = Jeans and t-shirt (like Normal text style)
• “Sports” = Track suit (like Quote style)

Types of Styles in LibreOffice Writer:

1. Paragraph Styles

• Controls entire paragraph formatting
• Includes font, size, alignment, spacing, indentation
• Example: Like setting rules for a whole classroom – everyone follows the same seating arrangement

2. Character Styles

• Formats selected text within a paragraph
• Changes font, color, size of specific words
• Example: Like highlighting important words with a marker in your notebook

3. Page Styles

• Controls page layout, margins, headers/footers
• Example: Like choosing different notebook types – ruled, graph paper, blank

4. Frame Styles

• Formats text boxes and graphics frames
• Example: Like decorating photo frames differently

5. List Styles

• Formats numbered or bulleted lists
• Example: Like making shopping lists vs. ranking lists

Benefits of Using Styles:

1. Consistency: All headings look the same
2. Time-saving: Change formatting everywhere at once
3. Professional appearance: Documents look organized
4. Easy navigation: Create automatic table of contents

Creating and Updating a Style

Creating a New Style:

1. Method 1 – From Selection:

• Format text as desired
• Select the formatted text
• Press F11 to open Styles sidebar
• Click “New Style from Selection”
• Name your style

1. Method 2 – From Scratch:

• Open Styles sidebar (F11)
• Right-click in styles list
• Select “New”
• Configure all settings
• Click OK

Real-life Example: Like creating a recipe – you can either modify an existing dish or create entirely new one

Updating/Modifying a Style:

1. Right-click on style name in sidebar
2. Select “Modify”
3. Change settings as needed
4. Click OK
5. All text using that style updates automatically!

Example: Like changing school uniform design – once changed, everyone wearing it looks different

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Chapter 2: Working with Images

Inserting an Image in a Document

Methods to Insert Images:

1. Insert Menu Method:

• Insert → Image
• Browse and select image
• Click Open

1. Drag and Drop:

• Simply drag image file into document

1. Copy-Paste:

• Copy image from anywhere
• Paste in document (Ctrl+V)

Real-life Example: Like putting photos in a photo album – you can glue them, slide them in pockets, or use adhesive corners

Modifying an Image

Image Editing Options:

1. Resize:

• Click image to show handles
• Drag corners to resize proportionally
• Tip: Hold Shift while dragging to maintain aspect ratio

1. Crop:

• Right-click → Crop Image
• Drag handles to hide unwanted parts
• Example: Like cutting extra parts from a printed photo

1. Rotate/Flip:

• Right-click → Rotate or Flip
• Choose rotation angle or flip direction

1. Adjust Colors:

• Right-click → Properties
• Adjust brightness, contrast, transparency
• Example: Like using photo filters on your phone

1. Add Borders/Effects:

• Format → Image → Borders
• Add shadows, 3D effects

Drawing Objects

LibreOffice Writer includes basic drawing tools:

1. Shapes:

• Insert → Shape
• Draw rectangles, circles, arrows, stars
• Use: Create diagrams, flowcharts

1. Text Boxes:

• Insert → Text Box
• Add text anywhere on page
• Example: Like sticky notes on your notebook

1. Lines and Arrows:

• Connect ideas
• Show relationships
• Example: Like drawing mind maps

Positioning Image in the Text

Wrap Options:

1. No Wrap:

• Image sits on its own line
• Text above and below only
• Example: Like a full-page advertisement in newspaper

1. Page Wrap:

• Text flows around all sides
• Example: Like water flowing around a rock

1. Optimal Wrap:

• Text wraps on best side automatically
• Saves space

1. Through:

• Text appears behind/in front of image
• Example: Like watermark on currency notes

1. Tight Wrap:

• Text follows image contours closely
• Example: Like fitting puzzle pieces

Anchoring Images:

• To Paragraph: Moves with paragraph
• To Character: Moves with specific text
• To Page: Stays at fixed position
• As Character: Treats image like a large letter

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Chapter 3: Advanced Features of Writer

Table of Contents (TOC)

What is TOC?

A Table of Contents is an organized list of chapters and sections with page numbers.

Real-life Example: Like the index in your textbook – helps you find topics quickly

Creating Automatic TOC:

1. Step 1: Apply Heading styles to chapter titles

• Heading 1 for main chapters
• Heading 2 for sub-sections
• Heading 3 for sub-sub-sections

1. Step 2: Insert TOC

• Insert → Table of Contents and Index
• Choose “Table of Contents”
• Select options
• Click OK

1. Benefits:

• Updates automatically
• Clickable links to sections
• Professional appearance

Updating TOC:

• Right-click on TOC
• Select “Update Index”
• Choose “Update entire index”

Using Templates

What are Templates?

Templates are pre-designed documents with set formatting, styles, and layout.

Real-life Example: Like using a fill-in-the-blanks form – structure is ready, you just add content

Types of Templates:

1. Letter templates: For formal/informal letters
2. Resume templates: For job applications
3. Report templates: For projects
4. Certificate templates: For awards

Creating a Template:

1. Design your document
2. File → Templates → Save as Template
3. Name and categorize
4. Use anytime by File → New → Templates

Benefits:

• Saves time
• Ensures consistency
• Professional results
• Reusable

Track Changes Feature

What is Track Changes?

A feature that records all edits made to a document, showing who made what changes and when.

Real-life Example: Like a teacher marking corrections on your assignment with red pen – you can see all suggestions

How to Use:

1. Enable Track Changes:

• Edit → Track Changes → Record
• Or press Ctrl+Shift+C

1. Making Changes:

• Additions appear in different color
• Deletions show as strikethrough
• Each user gets different color

1. Review Changes:

• Edit → Track Changes → Manage
• Accept or Reject each change
• Add comments for discussion

Benefits:

1. Collaboration: Multiple people can suggest edits
2. Version Control: See document evolution
3. Accountability: Know who changed what
4. Learning: Understand why changes were made

Practical Uses:

• Group projects
• Teacher feedback
• Document reviews
• Editing assignments

Tips for Success:

1. Practice each feature hands-on
2. Use keyboard shortcuts for efficiency
3. Experiment with different options
4. Save your work frequently
5. Create your own examples

Remember: The best way to learn these features is by doing. Open LibreOffice Writer and try each feature as you study!

Class 9 AI Notes – Unit 3: Maths for AI (Statistics and Probability)

🔗 How are Maths and AI Related?

Mathematics is the Foundation of AI

Think of Math as the “language” that AI speaks. Just like we need language to communicate, AI needs math to think and make decisions.

Key Connections:

1. Numbers and Data

• AI processes everything as numbers
• Example: In face recognition, your face becomes numbers (pixels values)
• A photo of 100×100 pixels = 10,000 numbers for AI to process

1. Patterns and Formulas

• AI finds patterns using mathematical formulas
• Example: YouTube uses math to find pattern in your watching habits
• If you watch 5 cricket videos → AI calculates you’re 80% likely to enjoy more cricket content

1. Decision Making

• AI uses math to choose best option
• Example: Google Maps calculates shortest path
• Route A: 5km + heavy traffic = 30 min
• Route B: 7km + no traffic = 20 min
• AI chooses Route B using math

1. Learning from Mistakes

• AI uses math to improve
• Example: Autocorrect learns from corrections
• You type “teh” → correct to “the” 100 times
• AI calculates: 100% chance “teh” should be “the”

Real-World Example:

Instagram Filters

• Detects face position (geometry)
• Calculates where to place dog ears (coordinates)
• Adjusts size based on face size (proportions)
• All using mathematical calculations!

📐 Essential Mathematics for AI

1. Basic Arithmetic

• Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
• AI Use: Calculating scores, distances, costs
• Example: Food delivery app calculating total bill

2. Algebra

• Using variables and equations
• AI Use: Finding unknown values
• Example: If 3 apples cost ₹60, find cost of 5 apples
• AI uses: 3x = 60, so x = 20, therefore 5x = ₹100

3. Geometry

• Shapes, angles, distances
• AI Use: Face recognition, object detection
• Example: Snapchat filters need to know distance between eyes

4. Statistics (Covered in detail below)

• Analyzing data patterns
• AI Use: Making predictions
• Example: Predicting tomorrow’s weather

5. Probability (Covered in detail below)

• Calculating chances
• AI Use: Risk assessment
• Example: Spam email detection

6. Calculus (Advanced – for reference)

• Rate of change
• AI Use: Optimizing learning
• Example: How fast self-driving car should brake

📊 Statistics (Detailed)

What is Statistics?

Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to make decisions.

Key Statistical Concepts:

1. Data Types

• Quantitative: Numbers (marks, height, weight)
• Qualitative: Categories (favorite color, gender)

Example Dataset: Class 9A Test Scores

Students: Ram(85), Priya(92), Amit(78), Sita(88), Raj(75)

2. Measures of Central Tendency

Mean (Average)

• Sum of all values ÷ Total count
• Calculation: (85+92+78+88+75) ÷ 5 = 83.6
• Real use: Average marks to judge class performance
• AI application: Average user rating for movie recommendations

Median (Middle Value)

• Arrange in order: 75, 78, 85, 88, 92
• Middle value = 85
• Real use: Finding typical salary (not affected by extreme values)
• AI application: Finding typical user behavior

Mode (Most Frequent)

• Value that appears most often
• Example: Shoe sizes sold: 6,7,7,7,8,8,9
• Mode = 7 (appears 3 times)
• AI application: Most purchased item for inventory

3. Measures of Spread

Range

• Highest value – Lowest value
• Example: 92 – 75 = 17
• Real use: Temperature variation in a day
• AI application: Detecting anomalies in data

Variance and Standard Deviation

• How spread out data is from mean
• Simple understanding:
• Low spread = Most students scored close to 83.6
• High spread = Scores vary a lot
• AI application: Risk assessment in stock market

4. Data Visualization

Bar Graph

• Use: Comparing categories
• Example: Subject-wise marks comparison
• AI application: Showing product sales by category

Histogram

• Use: Showing distribution
• Example: Number of students in mark ranges (0-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100)
• AI application: Age distribution of app users

Pie Chart

• Use: Showing parts of whole
• Example: Time spent on activities in a day
• AI application: Market share visualization

Line Graph

• Use: Showing trends over time
• Example: Monthly pocket money savings
• AI application: Stock price trends

Box Plot

• Use: Showing data summary
• Shows median, quartiles, outliers
• AI application: Comparing algorithm performances

🎯 Applications of Statistics in AI

1. Predictive Analytics

• Example: IPL match winner prediction
• Uses past match statistics
• Considers batting average, bowling figures, ground history

2. Pattern Recognition

• Example: Handwriting recognition
• Statistical analysis of letter shapes
• Identifies your unique writing pattern

3. Quality Control

• Example: Manufacturing defect detection
• If average defect = 2%, current = 5%
• AI alerts: Something wrong in production!

4. Recommendation Systems

• Example: Netflix suggestions
• Statistics of what similar users watched
• If 80% who liked Movie A also liked Movie B → Recommend B

5. Healthcare

• Example: Disease prediction
• Statistical analysis of symptoms
• 90% with symptoms X, Y, Z have flu → Likely diagnosis

6. Weather Forecasting

• Example: Rain prediction
• Historical weather patterns
• If similar conditions led to rain 70% times → 70% rain chance

🎲 What is Probability in Statistics?

Definition:

Probability measures the likelihood (chance) of an event happening, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Probability Scale:

• 0 = Impossible (Sun rising from west)
• 0.5 = Equal chance (Coin toss)
• 1 = Certain (Sun rising from east)

Basic Probability Formula:

Probability = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes

Examples:

1. Simple Probability

Dice Roll Example:

• Want to roll a 6
• Favorable outcomes = 1 (only one 6)
• Total outcomes = 6 (faces on dice)
• Probability = 1/6 = 0.167 or 16.7%

2. Compound Events

Card Example:

• Drawing a red card from deck
• Red cards = 26 (13 hearts + 13 diamonds)
• Total cards = 52
• Probability = 26/52 = 1/2 = 50%

Types of Probability:

1. Theoretical Probability

• Based on logic and reasoning
• Example: Coin toss = 50% heads

2. Experimental Probability

• Based on actual experiments
• Example: Tossed coin 100 times, got 48 heads
• Experimental probability = 48/100 = 48%

3. Conditional Probability

• Probability given something already happened
• Example: Probability of rain given cloudy sky
• Changes based on condition

Probability Rules:

1. Addition Rule

• P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
• Example: Probability of getting either red card OR face card

1. Multiplication Rule

• P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) for independent events
• Example: Probability of getting heads twice in a row = 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4

1. Complement Rule

• P(not A) = 1 – P(A)
• Example: If rain probability = 30%, then no rain = 70%

🚀 Applications of Probability in AI

1. Spam Email Detection

• How it works:
• Calculates probability email is spam
• Checks words like “lottery”, “free money”
• If P(spam) > 0.8 → Move to spam folder
• Real calculation:
• Email has “lottery” → 90% spam probability
• Email from known contact → 10% spam probability

2. Medical Diagnosis AI

• Example: COVID detection from symptoms
• Fever + cough → 60% probability
• + loss of taste → 85% probability
• + contact with patient → 95% probability
• AI suggests: Get tested immediately

3. Weather Prediction

• Multiple factors:
• Temperature pattern → 40% rain chance
• + humidity high → 60% rain chance
• + clouds forming → 80% rain chance
• AI combines all probabilities for forecast

4. Game AI

• Chess example:
• AI calculates probability of winning with each move
• Move A: 65% win chance
• Move B: 45% win chance
• AI chooses Move A

5. Voice Assistants

• Understanding speech:
• “Call mom” coul

Unit-2 Deposit Account Video | Class 9th Banking & Insurance Video

Unit-2 Deposit Account Notes | Class 9th Banking & Insurance Notes

1. Demand Deposits

Demand deposits refer to accounts where funds can be withdrawn at any time without prior notice. These are ideal for daily transactions.

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A. Savings Accounts

A savings account is designed for individuals to save money while earning interest on their deposits.

a. Features of a Savings Account

1. Interest Calculations on Savings Account Balances:
   • Interest is calculated on the daily closing balance and credited quarterly or monthly, depending on the bank.
   • For example, if you have ₹10,000 in your account at a 4% annual interest rate, you’ll earn ₹400 annually.
2. Eligibility for Opening a Savings Account:
   • Any individual, including minors (with a guardian), senior citizens, and salaried employees, can open a savings account.
   • Real-Life Example: A college student opens a savings account to deposit pocket money and earn interest on their savings.

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B. Current Accounts

A current account is primarily for businesses or individuals who perform frequent transactions.

a. Users of Current Accounts

• Businesspersons, firms, companies, and traders with high transaction volumes.

b. Features of Current Accounts

1. Overdraft Facility: Allows account holders to withdraw more than their account balance.
2. No Interest Earned: Banks do not pay interest due to the high frequency of transactions.
3. Real-Life Example: A shop owner uses a current account for daily deposits from sales and withdrawals for inventory purchases.

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2. Term Deposits

Term deposits are accounts where funds are deposited for a fixed period to earn higher interest rates.

A. Types of Term Deposits

1. Fixed Deposits (FD)
2. Recurring Deposits (RD)

B. Features of Fixed Deposit Account

• Higher interest rates than savings accounts.
• Fixed tenure ranging from 7 days to 10 years.

C. Advantages of Fixed Deposit

1. Guaranteed returns.
2. Flexible tenure.
3. Premature withdrawal with nominal penalties.

D. Factors Affecting the Rate of Interest

1. Duration of Deposit: Longer tenures usually yield higher interest rates.
2. Market Conditions: Economic policies impact interest rates.

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3. Other Deposit Schemes

A. Recurring Deposit (RD)

Recurring deposits allow individuals to deposit a fixed amount regularly and earn interest at a predetermined rate.

B. Features of Recurring Deposit Account

1. Fixed monthly installments.
2. Tenure ranging from 6 months to 10 years.

C. Advantages of Recurring Deposits

1. Encourages disciplined saving habits.
2. Earns higher returns compared to savings accounts.
3. Real-Life Example: A parent opens an RD to save for their child’s school fees.

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4. Types of Account Holders

A. Partnership Account:

• Opened by partnerships for business operations.

B. Minor:

• Accounts opened by guardians on behalf of minors.

C. Joint Stock Company:

• Corporations use this account for financial transactions.

D. Joint Account:

• Held by two or more individuals with shared account privileges.

E. Hindu Undivided Family (HUF):

• Accounts for managing family finances under a single entity.

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5. Opening of Accounts

A. Opening of Accounts and Form Filling:

• The customer fills out an account opening form with necessary details.

B. Opening the Account in the Ledger and Other Operational Procedures:

• Banks enter customer details in the ledger and activate the account.

C. Allotting UCIC (Unique Customer Identification Code):

• Every customer is provided a unique code to track their accounts.

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6. Cash Book, Pass Book & Bank Reconciliation Statement

A. Cash Book (of the Customer):

1. Features of the Cash Book:
   • Records cash and bank transactions.
2. Objects or Need of Cash Book:
   • To track daily cash flow.

B. Passbook:

• Issued by the bank, recording all transactions from the customer’s account.

C. Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS):

• Reconciles differences between the cash book and the bank statement.

The Reasons for Differences Include:

1. Cheques issued but not yet cleared.
2. Bank charges not recorded in the cash book.
3. Deposits in transit.

D. Sample BRS of ABC LTD

Particulars	Amount (₹)	Amount (₹)
Balance as per Cash Book	10,000
Add: Cheques deposited	5,000
Less: Bank charges		200
Balance as per Passbook		14,800

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Summary

Deposit accounts cater to different customer needs, from daily transactions in demand deposits to long-term savings in term deposits. The ability to reconcile accounts using tools like the cash book and passbook ensures financial transparency and accuracy.

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10 Most Important Questions with Solutions

1. Define demand deposits and give examples.
   Ans: Demand deposits are accounts where funds can be withdrawn anytime. Examples: Savings and current accounts.
2. Explain the features of a savings account.
   Ans: Interest-bearing account, unlimited deposits/withdrawals, suitable for personal savings.
3. Who are the users of current accounts?
   Ans: Businesspersons, traders, and companies with high transaction needs.
4. What are term deposits? List their types.
   Ans: Fixed deposits and recurring deposits where funds are locked for a fixed tenure.
5. State the differences between a savings account and a current account.
   Ans: Savings accounts earn interest; current accounts don’t but offer overdraft facilities.
6. What is the significance of UCIC?
   Ans: Unique Customer Identification Code ensures better account tracking and customer service.
7. What are the features of a recurring deposit?
   Ans: Fixed monthly contributions, predetermined tenure, higher returns.
8. What are the reasons for differences between the cash book and passbook?
   Ans: Cheques in transit, bank charges, and unrecorded transactions.
9. Explain the process of account opening.
   Ans: Fill out a form, submit necessary documents, and complete operational formalities.
10. What is a bank reconciliation statement? Provide an example.
    Ans: A BRS reconciles differences between cash book and bank statement to ensure accuracy. Example: A cheque issued but not yet cleared causes a mismatch.

By NCERT Official

Class 12th Biology Investigatory project By NCERT Official

LIST OF INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS BY CBSE

By NCERT Official

Class 12th Chemistry Investigatory project By NCERT Official

LIST OF INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS BY CBSE

 

• Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.
• Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
• Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.
• Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative under various conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
• Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.
• Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
• Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).
• Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric power, chilli powder and pepper.

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