Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

Women Caste and Reform MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. Who founded the Satyashodhak Samaj?
(a) Sri Narayan Guru
(b) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
(c) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(d) Jyotirao Phule

Answer : D

Question. What was the occupation of Madigas?
(a) Plantation
(b) Sewing Sandals
(c) Cleaning work
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. _____ were often treated as untouchables.
(a) Shudras
(b) Brahmans
(c) Teachers
(d) Traders

Answer : A

Question. Stripurushtulana was written by _____.
(a) Ramabai Ranade
(b) Begum Rokya Shakhawat Hussain
(c) Tarabai Shinde
(d) Begum Kausar Bi

Answer : C

Question. Name the social reformer who worked for the upliftment of women in Maharashtra
(a) Jyotirao Phule
(b) Rama Bai Ranade
(c) Syed Ahmed Khan
(d) Annie Besant

Answer : A

Question. Name the important women personality who wrote and published a book Stripurushtulna, criticising the social differences between men and women
(a) Sarojini Naidu
(b) Mumtaz Ali
(c) Tarabai Shinde
(d) Rama Bai Ranade

Answer : C

Question. Few important points with respect to Raja Ram Mohan Roy are given below. Select the one that is not true.
(a) Through Brahmo Samaj he attempted to reform Hindu society
(b) Rajaram Mohan Roy encouraged the study of local languages and wanted to abolish Western education.
(c) He tried to show through his writings that the practice of widow burning had no sanction in ancient texts.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore called him as the Father of Indian Renaissance

Answer : B

Question. Who was the important reformer who reinterpreted verses from the Koran to argue for women’s education
(a) Mumtaz Ali
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Rashsundari Debi
(d) Sarojini Naidu

Answer : A

Question. Raja Rammohan Roy focused on spreading ____ all over the country.
(a) Western Education
(b) religious teachings
(c) castism
(d) untouchability

Answer : A

Question. ___ questioned religious texts that supported the caste system.
(a) Haridas Thakur
(b) Narayan Swami
(c) Ghasidas
(d) Patel

Answer : A

Question. _____ was founded by Henry Derozio.
(a) Young Bengal Movement
(b) Home Rule Movement
(c) Aligarh Movement
(d) Prerna Sabha

Answer : A

Question. Among the following, which class belonged to the traders and money lenders
(a) Brahmans
(b) Shudras
(c) Vaishyas
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. Name the uppermost caste in the social ladder that existed in ancient India
(a) Kshatriyas
(b) Shudras
(c) Vaishyas
(d) Brahmans

Answer : D

Question. ______ was a book written by Jyotiba Phule.
(a) Abhyas
(b) Gulamgiri
(c) Stripurushtulana
(d) Harijans of India

Answer : B

Question. Women who died by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands were called ____
(a) Suhagan
(b) Devi
(c) Sati
(d) Mata

Answer : C

Question. Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the:
(a) Demands of Labour
(b) Labour
(c) Plantation Workers
(d) Abolition of Caste

Answer : D

Question. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj?
(a) Rammohan Roy
(b) Balgangadhar Tilak
(c) Swami Dayanand
(d) Vivekananda

Answer : C

Question.. Name the class that belonged to the lower most strata in the social ladder of ancient India
(a) Brahmans
(b) Kshatriyas
(c) Vaishyas
(d) Shudras

Answer : A

Question. ________ encouraged widow remarriages in 19th century India.
(a) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) Narendra Nath Dutt
(d) P C Mukherjee

Answer : A

Question. Widows’ Home in Poona was established by ______
(a) Tarabai Shinde
(b) Rokeya Hussain
(c) Pandita Ramabai
(d) Savitribai Phule

Answer : C

Question. His support for women upliftment made him pass the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Who is being referred to here?
(a) Keshab Chandra Sen
(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
(c) Ishwara Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Dadabai Naoroji

Answer : C

Question. The Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College was founded by
(a) Muhammad Ali
(b) Shaukat Ali
(c) Sayyid Ahmed Khan
(d) Deoband School

Answer : C

Question. With respect to ancient India, a list of statements related to the untouchables are given below. Point out the one that is not true.
(a) They were not allowed to draw water from the wells used by the upper castes
(b) They were not considered as inferior human beings
(c) They were not allowed to bathe in ponds where the upper caste bathed
(d) They were not allowed to enter temples

Answer : B

Question. Who translated an old Buddhist text that was critical of caste.
(a) Pandita Ramabai
(b) Tarabai Shinde
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Jyotirao Phule

Answer : C

Question. Under which Governor General did Raja Ram Mohan Roy initiative to ban Sati?
(a) Lord Mountbatten
(b) William Bentick
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Ripon

Answer : B

Question. ______ belonged to the Ezhava caste.
(a) Srinath Guru
(b) Sri Narayana Guru
(c) Haridas Thakur
(d) Ambedkar

Answer : B

Question. The slaves of Africa were made to work in _____ plantations of America.
(a) rice
(b) potato
(c) cotton
(d) coffee

Answer : C

Question. What formed the basis for the division of Indian society?
(a) Gender
(b) Castes
(c) Colour
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. Which samaj was founded by Jyotirao Phule?
(a) Brahmo samaj
(b) Satyashodhak Samaj
(c) Arya samaj
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. Indian labourers were sent to work in the plantations of ____ by the British.
(a) China
(b) Mauritius
(c) USA
(d) Kenya

Answer : B

Question. B R Ambedkar belonged to ______ caste.
(a) Mahar
(b) Brahman
(c) Gond
(d) Dubla

Answer : A

Ncert Class 8 History Chapter 9 Important Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1: Why are social reformers described so?
Answer: Social reformers are described so because they felt that some changes were essential in society and unjust practices needed to be rooted out.

2: How did reformers bring changes in society?
Answer: They brought changes in society by persuading people to give up old practices and adopt a new way of life.

3: What do you mean by ‘sad’?
Answer: Widows who chose death by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands were known as ‘sati’, meaning virtuous woman.

4: Who were known as Vaishyas?
Answer: Traders and moneylenders were known as Vaishyas.

5: Who was Raja Rammohun Roy?
Answer: Raja Rammohun Roy was a learned social reformer. He was well versed in Sanskrit, Persian and several other Indian and European languages. He raised voice against the practice of sati and got it rooted out.

6: What was hook swinging festival?
Answer: It was a popular festival in which devotees underwent a peculiar form of suffering as part of ritual worship. With hooks pierced through their skin they swung themselves on a wheel.

7: Who was Mumtaz Ali?
Answer: Mumtaz Ali was a social reformer who reinterpreted verses from the Koran to argue for the education of women.

8: Who published the book named Stripurushtulna? What is it about?
Answer: Tarabai Shinde published Stripurushtulna. It is about the social differences between men and women.

9: How did widow’s home at Poona help the widows?
Answer: It trained them so that they could manage financial support for themselves.

10: What was the contribution of Christian missionaries in spreading education among tribal groups and lower castes?
Answer: These missionaries set up schools for tribal groups and lower caste children. Here, they were equipped with some skills to make their way into a new world.

11: Why do people view leather workers with contempt?
Answer: Leather workers work with dead animals which are seen as dirty and polluting. Hence, people see them with contempt.

12: Who were Madigas?
Answer: They were experts at cleaning hides, tanning them for use and sewing sandals.

13: Who were Shudras?
Answer: They belonged to labouring castes.

14: Who were Ati Shudras?
Answer: They were untouchables.

15: What was the Satyashodhak Samaj? Who founded it?
Answer: The Satyashodhak Samaj was an association that propagated caste equality. It was founded by Jyotirao Phule.

16: Why did E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker leave the Congress?
Answer: He left the congress because he found nationalists adhering to caste distinctions. At a feast organised by them, the lower castes were made to sit at a distance from the upper castes.

17: Name the Hindu scriptures which were criticised by Periyar.
Answer: The codes of Manu, the ancient lawgiver and the Bh^gavad Gita and the Ramayana.

18: Why were untouchable students not allowed to enter the classrooms where upper-caste boys were taught?
Answer: There was a false notion among the upper-caste that untouchables would pollute the rooms where their children were taught.

Short Answer Type Questions

1: What did Raja Rammohun Roy do to end the practice of sati?

Answer: Raja Rammohan Roy was a great social reformer. He moved to see the tyranny of old practices that were deeply rooted in the Indian society. Burning of widows on the funeral pyre of their husbands was one such old practice which, Rammohan Roy felt, needed to be rooted out immediately. He began a campaign against this. As he had deep knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian and several other Indian and European languages, die tried to show through his writings that the practice of sati had no sanction in ancient texts. He got support from the British officials who had also begun to criticise Indian traditions and customs by the early 19th century. Finally, in 1829, the practice of sati was banned.

2: Give an account of the movement that spread in different parts of the country in favour of widow remarriage. Did the movement get success?

Answer: The movement in favour of widow remarriage spread in different parts of the country by the second half of the 19th century. Veerasalingam Pantulu formed an association for widow remarriage in the Telugu- speaking areas of the Madras Presidency. Around the same time young intellectuals and reformers in Bombay pledged themselves to work for the same cause. In the north the founder of the Arya Samaj Swami Dayanand Saraswati also supported widow remarriage.

However, the movement did not get much success. The number of widows who actually remarried remained low. Those who remarried were not easily accepted in the society. The conservative people never approved the new law.

3: What do you know about Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai? What did they do for improving the condition of women?

Answer: Tarabai Shindewas a woman who got education at home at Poona. She is better known for publishing a book named Stripurushtulna meaning a comparison between women and men. She, in this book, criticises the social differences between men and women. Pandita Ramabai was a great scholar of Sanskrit. She found Hinduism very oppressive towards women and wrote a book about the pathetic condition of Hindu women belonging to upper caste. She started a widow’s home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been maltreated by their husband’s relatives. Here women were given training to make them self-dependent.

4: Give a brief description of movements that were organised by people from within the lower castes against caste discrimination.

Answer: By the second half of the 19th century, people from within the lower castes began to raise voice against caste discrimination. They organised movements against this practice and demanded social equality and justice. The Satnami movement became famous in Central India. It was initiated by Ghasidas, who came from a low caste, worked among the leather workers and organised a movement to improve their social status.

In Eastern Bengal, Haridas Thakur’s Matua sect worked among low caste Chandala cultivators. Haridas questioned Brahmanical texts that supported the caste discrimination. Shri Narayana Guru belonged to Ezhavas, a low caste in present-day Kerala. He proclaimed the ideals unity of all people within one sect, a single caste and one god. By organising these movements the leaders coming from low-caste tried to create awareness amongst the lower castes.

5: Who was E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker? What, did he do to improve the condition of the untouchables?

Answer: E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker belonged to a middle-class family. He had been an ascetic in his early life and had studied Sanskrit scriptures carefully. Afterwards, he became a member of the Congress but quit it when he found that at a feast organised by nationalists, seating arrangements followed caste discrimination, i.e., the lower castes were made to sit at a distance from the upper-castes. He founded Self Respect Movement which inspired untouchables to fight for their dignity. He argued that untouchables were the true upholders of an original Tamil and Dravidian culture which had been subjugated by Brahmans. He felt that all religious authorities saw social divisions and inequality as God-given. Untouchables had to free themselves from all religions to achieve equal social status.

Long Answer Type Questions

1: Why were changes necessary in Indian society?

Answer: Indian society had been a prey to many evil practices for a long time. Men and women were treated differently. Women were subjected to many restrictions. They were not allowed to go to schools. They were not allowed to choose their husbands. Child-marriage was an established custom in the society. Most children were married off at an earl age. Both Hindu and Muslim men could many more than one wife. In some parts of the country, sati was in practice. Those widows were praised who chose death by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands. Women’s rights to property were also restricted.

One more evil practice that had crippled Indian society was that all people did not enjoy equal status. The upper-caste, consisted of Brahmans and Kshatriyas, availed all privileges. But other than these people were subjected to exploitation. The untouchables, who did menial works, were considered polluting. They were not allowed to enter temples, draw water from the well used by the upper castes. They were seen as inferior human beings.

These evil customs and practices had eclipsed the progress of society. Hence, debates and discussions began to take place from the early 19th century, with the development of new forms of communications. For the first time, books, newspapers, magazines, leaflets and pamphlets were printed. They spread awareness among the common mass.
Social reformers like Raja Rammohun Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, came forward and took initiatives to bring changes in society by abolishing the evil practices one after Another.

2: How did women involve themselves in their upliftment?

Answer: By the end of the 19th century, Indian women themselves began to work for their upliftment. They began to get higher education in universities. Some of them trained to be doctors, some became teachers. Many women began to write and publish their critical views on the status of women in society. The name of Tarabai Shinde is worth-mentioning here. She got education at home at Poona. She published a book, Stripurushtulna, meaning a comparison between men and women. She criticised the social differences between men and women. Another woman, Pandita Ramabai, was a great scholar of Sanskrit.

She criticised Hinduism which was so oppressive towards women. She wrote a book about the miserable lives of upperrcaste Hindu women. She established a widow home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had been ill-treated in their families. From the early 20 th century, Muslim women such the Begums of Bhopal and Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain played active role in spreading education among Muslim girls. They founded schools for them. Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossairi fearlessly criticised the conservative ideas. She argued that religious leaders of every faith accorded an inferior position to women.

The orthodox Hindus and Muslims got alarmed to see all this. Several Hindu nationalists felt that Hindu women were adopting Western ways which would corrupt Hindu culture and erode family values. Orthodox Muslims were equally worried about the impact of these changes. Unaware of all these, women, from the early 20th century, began to form political associations, pressure groups to push through laws for female suffrage and better health care and education for them. Some of them even joined various kinds of nationalist and socialist movements from the 1920s.

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Chapter 8 Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

Civilising the Native Educating the Nation MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question.William Jones was a linguist because
(a) he had studied Greek and Latin
(b) he knew French and English
(c) he had learnt Persian
(d) all of these

Answer : D

Question. Who started the journal Asiatick Researches?
(a) Henry Thomas Colebrooke
(b) Warren Hastings
(c) William Jones
(d) Max Muller

Answer : C

Question. The Education Act was introduced in the year
(a) 1850
(b) 1835
(c) 1910
(d) 1900

Answer : B

Question. The English Education Act was passed
(a) to materialise Macaulay’s thinking
(b) to make the English the medium of instruction for higher education
(c) to stop the promotion of oriental institutions
(d) all of the above

Answer : D

Question. Name the person who arrived in Calcutta in 1783 and was appointed as junior judge at the Supreme Court.
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Lord Comwalis
(c) William Jones
(d) Henry Thomas

Answer : C

Question. Tagore wanted to combine the elements of ……………………. with traditional Indian Education.
(a) Eastern Education
(b) Western Education
(c) religious education
(d) Local education

Answer : B

Question. Name the person who was a part of the Scottish missionary who helped to establish the Serampore Mission
(a) Hudson Taylor
(b) Andrew Fuller
(c) William Carry
(d) William Ward

Answer : C

Question. Charles Wood despatch was also known as:
(a) Wood’s Despatch
(b) Wood’s Commission
(c) Macaulay Committee
(d) Court of Directors

Answer : A

Question. …………………… had argued that English education had enslaved Indians
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Raja Rammohan Roy
(c) Sardar Patel
(d) Rasbehari Bose

Answer : A

Question- A person who knows and studies several languages is known as
(a) teacher
(b) multi-talented
(c) linguist
(d) learner

Answer : C

Question- _______ was an English official who had deep respect for the Indian culture.
(a) Henry Colebrook
(b) James Warren
(c) Bruce Jones
(d) Paul Henry

Answer : A

Question. How did the European learning improve the moral character of Indians?
(a) It would expand the trade and commerce
(b) It would make them truthful and honest
(c) It would make the Indians realize the importance of developing resources of the country
(d) It would make them change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods

Answer : D

Question- Wood’s Dispatch for ‘Education for Commerce’ in India was introduced by ____.
(a) Charles Wood
(b) William Wood
(c) Henry Wood
(d) Archie Wood

Answer : A

Question. Three Englishmen were busy discovering the ancient Indian heritage and mastering Indian languages. One was Willam Jones and another Henry Thomas Colebrooke. Name the third person
(a) Max Muller
(b) Nathaniel Halhed
(c) Warren Hastings
(d) Henry Thomas Colebrooke

Answer : B

Question. Name the important scholar who studied Sanskrit and found it to be the most scientific language of the world. He also translated the important works Shakuntala and Manusmriti into English
(a) Charles Wood
(b) William Jones
(c) Nathaniel Halhed
(d) Max Muller

Answer : B

Question- Until 1813, East India Company was opposed to the _______ in India.
(a) missionary activities
(b) religious function
(c) education
(d) trade

Answer : A

Question. Asiatick Researches (Journal) was not started by
(a) William jones
(b) Henry Thomas Colebrooke
(c) Nathaniel Halhed
(d) William Carey

Answer : D

Question- _____ toured Bihar and Bengal in the 1830s to prepare a report on Education in vernacular schools.
(a) William Woods
(b) William Adams
(c) Robert Clive
(d) Thomas Bell

Answer : B

Question- ___ was a Scottish Missionary who helped to establish Serampore Mission.
(a) William Carey
(b) Thomas Woods
(c) Paul Derik
(d) James Watt

Answer : A

Question. What would you call a person who knows several languages ?
(a) Biographer
(b) Linguist
(c) Biolinguist
(d) Translator

Answer : B

Question- Wood’s Dispatch was introduced in _____.
(a) 1854
(b) 1855
(c) 1845
(d) 1839

Answer : A

Question. A Single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia. Who said these words?
(а) Wlliam Bentick
(b) James Mill
(c) Thomas Carlyle
(d) Thomas Babington Macaulay

Answer : D

Question- _______ started Shantiniketan in 1901.
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose
(c) Aurbindo Ghosh
(d) R C Mukherjee

Answer : A

Question. The temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay. Who said these words about the Calcutta Madrasa and Benares Sanskrit College?
(a) Lord William Bentick
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Ripon
(d) Lord Macaulay

Answer : D

Question- _______ first started setting up schools exclusively for girls’ education.
(a) Christian missionaries
(b) Indian pandits
(c) Company
(d) Local government

Answer : A

Question. Which year was the English education Act introduced in India?
(a) 1800
(b) 1900
(c) 1835
(d) 1880

Answer : C

Question. Who set up Asiatic Society of Bengal?
(a) William Jones
(b) Henry Thomas Colebrooke
(c) Nathaniel Halhed
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

Question. Some comments about the Orientalist Vision of Learning by the British are given below. Select the one that is not applicable to this particular style of learning.
(a) British argued that the aim of education ought to be to teach what was useful and practical.
(b) British argued that it is not advisable to encourage the study of Arabic and Sanskrit language and literature
(c) British said that knowledge of the east was full of errors and unscientific thoughts
(d) British observed that Western literature was non-serious and light hearted.

Answer : D

Question. Warren Hastings took the initiative to set up a Madras at one of the important cities of India and believed that the ancient customs of the country and Oriental learning ought to be the basis of British rule in India. Which city is being referred to here ?
(a) Pondicherry
(b) Madras
(c) Calcutta
(d) Bombay

Answer : C

Question. What does the Arabic word Madrasa refer to?
(a) A place of learning, a school or college
(b) A place of worship
(c) A mine
(d) A factory

Answer : A

CBSE Class 8 History Chapter 8 Important Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1: Name the different languages that William Jones studied.
Answer: Greek, Latin, English, French, Arabic and Persian.

2: Why was Calcutta Madrasa set up?
Answer: Calcutta Madrasa was set up to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law.

3: Why was the Hindu College established in Benaras?
Answer: The Hindu College was established in Benaras to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts that would be useful for the. administration of the country.

4: Name two individuals who sharply attacked the Orientalists.
Answer: James Mill and Thomas Babington Macaulay.

5: What did Thomas Macaulay urge the British government in India?
Answer: Thomas Macaulay urged the British government in India to stop wasting public money in promoting Oriental learning for it was of no practical use.

6: How were Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College viewed by the British?
Answer: These Oriental institutions were viewed as temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay.

7: Name the places where the British established universities.
Answer. Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.

8: Where were classes held under the system of pathshalas?
Answer: Classes were held under a banyan tree or in the comer of a village shop or temple or at the guru’s home.

9: What type of education was given to the children in pathshalas?
Answer: Children were given oral education in pathshalas.

10: Why were classes not held during harvest time?
Answer: It was because rural children had to work in the fields during harvest time.

11: What task was assigned to the pandit by the Company?
Answer: The Company assigned the pandit to visit the pathshalas and try to improve the standard of teaching.

12: Name two Indians who reacted against Western education.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore.

13: What do you mean by Tagore’s abode of peace?
Answer: Tagore’s Shantmiketan was established in a rural setting, 100 kilometres away from Calcutta. As it was far from the din and bustle of the city it was an abode of peace.

14: How did Tagore view his school namely Shantmiketan?
Answer: He viewed his school as an abode of peace where living in harmony with nature, children would cultivate their natural creativity.

15. Why did the British decide to educate the Indians?

Answer: The British in India wanted not only territorial conquest and control over revenues. They also felt that they had a cultural mission: they had to “civilize the natives”, change their customs and values.

Short Answer Type Questions

1: Why did many Company officials in India want to promote Indian rather than Western learning?

Answer: Many Company officials felt that institutions should be set up to encourage the study of ancient Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry. These officials were of the opinion that Hindus and Muslims ought to be taught what they were already familiar with and what they valued and preserved, not subjects that were alien to them. They believed that only by doing this the British could win the hearts of the Indians, only then they could expect to be respected by their subjects.

2: What were the views of other Company officials?

Answer: Other Company officials did not approve the ideas of the Orientalists. They began to criticise the Orientalist- vision of learning. They saved that the knowledge of the East was full of errors and unscientific thought. They saw Eastern literature as non-serious and light-hearted. So, they argued that it was wrong on the part of the British to spend so much effort in encouraging the study of Arabic and Sanskrit language and literature.

3: Define the term ‘vernacular’. Why did the British use this term in colonial countries like India?

Answer: The term Vernacular’ refers to a local language or dialect as distinct from what is known as the standard language.
In colonial countries like India, the British used this term to mark the difference between the local languages of everyday use and English, the language of the imperial masters.

4: What measures were taken by the English Education Act of 1835?

Answer: The following measures were taken under the English Education Act 1835:
(a) English was made the medium of instruction for higher education.
(b) Promotion of Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College was stopped. These institutions were seen as temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay.
(c) English textbooks began to be produced for schools.

5: What measures were taken by the British after issuing of Wood’s Despatch?

Answer: Following measures were taken:
(a) Education departments of the government were set up to extend
control over all matters regarding education.
(fa) A system of universities education was introduced. Universities were established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
(c) Attempts were also made to bring about changes within the system of school education.

6: How were the views of Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi on the West different?

Answer: Both Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways. But there were differences too. Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilisation and its worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modem Western civilisation with what he saw as the best within Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Shantiniketan alongwith art, music and dance.

7. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicraft?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicraft because that would develop their minds and their capacity to understand. This would also enable them to know how different things operated. This would help them to have lived experience and practical knowledge.

Long Answer Type Questions

1: What was Wood’s Despatch? What were its provisions?

Answer: The Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor- General in India in the year 1854. As the despatch was issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it came to be known as Wood’s Despatch. ‘Wood’s Despatch outlined the educational policy that was to be followed in India. It criticised the Oriental knowledge and emphasised the need of European learning.

The Despatch made it clear that European learning would enable Indians to recognise the benefits that would flow from the expansion of trade and commerce. It would also make them see the importance of developing country’s resources. Indians needed to adopt European ways of life because this would change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods.

Wood’s Despatch further argued that European learning would improve the moral character of the people of India. It would make them honest and reliable and thus supply trusted civil servants to the Company.

The Despatch strongly criticised the literature of the East because it was full of errors and unable to instill in people a sense of duty and a commitment to work.

2: What measures were undertaken by the Company to improve the system of vernacular education?
Or
How were the irregularities of pathshalas checked by the Company?

Answer: There were no rules and regulations in pathshalas. Hence, the Company decided to improve the entire system. It took several measures:
(a) It appointed a number of government pandits, each in charge of looking after four to five schools. The task of the pandit was to visit the pathshalas and try and improve the standard of teaching.
(b) Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a regular time table.
(c) Teaching was now to be based on textbooks and learning was to be tested through a system of annual examination.
(d) Students were asked to pay a regular fee, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats, and obey the new rules of discipline.

3: What type of education did Mahatma Gandhi want in India?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi never approved English education because it had created a feeling of inferiority in the minds of millions of Indians. In fact he wanted an education that could help the people of India restore their sense of dignity and self-respect. During the time of the national movement he urged students to leave educational institutions to show the British that they could no longer enslave Indians.

Mahatma Gandhi never wanted English to be the medium of teaching. Instead he thought that students ought to be taught in the medium of Indian languages. Education in English crippled the people of India. It distanced them from their own surroundings. It made them alien in their own lands. Hence, he felt that English education ought not to flourish in India any more.

He urged that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul. Simply learning to read and write did not matter at all. People had to learn a craft and know how different things operated. This would definitely develop their mind and their capacity to understand.

4: Write a note on Rabindranath Tagore and his school Shantiniketan.

Answer: Rabindranath Tagore, like Mahatma Gandhi, also did not approve Western education wholeheartedly. At the time when several Indians urged the British to open more and more schools, colleges and universities in order to spread English education in India, Rabindranath Tagore reacted strongly against such education.

He was a great educationist But he hated going to school because he saw it oppressive. In fact he wanted to establish a school where the children were happy and were free to explore their thoughts and desires without feeling any suppression. He advocated for giving children natural surroundings where they would be able to cultivate their natural creativity.

Keeping the above ideals in mind, Rabindranath Tagore established Shantiniketan in the year 1901. He regarded it as an ‘abode of peace’. He set up his school 100 kilometres away from Calcutta, in a rural setting in order to provide children a very peaceful environment. Here, they could develop their imagination and creativity. Tagore was of the opinion that existing schools were killing the natural desires of the children to be creative. Hence, it was necessary to help them develop their curiosity by providing them good teachers who could understand them. By establishing an institution like Shantiniketan he did a great job in the field of education.

5. Who was William Jones?

Answer:

In 1783, a person named William Jones arrived in Calcutta. He had an appointment as a junior judge at the Supreme Court that the company had set up. In addition to being an expert in law, Jones was a linguist.
He had studied Greek and Latin at Oxford knew French and English, had picked up Arabic from a friend, and had also learnt Persian.
At Calcutta, he began spending many hours a day with pandits who taught him the subtleties of Sanskrit language, grammar and poetry.
Jones discovered the ancient Indian heritage, mastered and Persian works into English. He had set upped the Asiatic society of Bengal and started a journal called Asiatic’ Researchers.
He shared deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and West.

6. Describe the attitude of Colebrook towards India.

Answer:

Colebrook came to represent a particular attitude forwards India.
He had a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West Indian civilization.
He felt, had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined.
In order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
For only those texts could reveal the real ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims, and only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future development in India.
Colebrook went about discovering ancient texts, understanding their meaning translating them, and making their findings known to others.
This project, he believed, would not help Indians rediscover their own heritage, and understand the lost glories of their past. In this process, the British would become the guardians of Indian culture as well as its masters.

7. When was English Education Act introduced and what were its features?

Answer: The English Education Act was introduced in 1835. It was introduced by Macaulay It’s features were:

English was made the medium of instruction for higher education. English textbook began to be produced for schools. And to stop the promotion of Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Banaras Sanskrit College. These institutions were seen as “temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay”.

8. What were Gandhi’s view on British Education?
Or
Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education has enslaved Indians?

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilization as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture.

There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi, it was sinful, it enslaved. Indians, it cast an evil spell on them. Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self – respect. During the national movement he urged students to leave educational institutions in order to show the British that Indians were no longer willing to be enslaved.

Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings, and made them “strangers in their own lands”. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English educated did not know how to relate to the masses.

Western education, Mahatma Gandhi said, focused on reading and writing rather than oral knowledge; it valued textbooks rather than lived experience and practical knowledge. He argued that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul.

9. Write a short note on Tagore’s “abode of peace”.

Answer: Tagore wanted to set up a school where the child was happy, where she could be free and creative, where she was able to explore her own thoughts and desires. Tagore felt that childhood ought to be a time of self –learning, outside the rigid and restricting discipline of the schooling system set up by the British. Teachers had to be imaginative, understand the child, and help the child develop her curiosity. According to Tagore, the existing schools killed the natural desire of the child to be creative, her sense of wonder. Tagore was of the view that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment. So he chose to set up his school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta, in a rural

10. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?

Answer:

Jones shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West. Indian civilization, he felt, had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined.
In order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
For only those texts could reveal the real ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims and only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future development in India.

11. Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?

Answer: James Mill thought that the British effort should met be to teach what the natives wanted, or what they respected in order to please them and “win a peace in their heart”.

James Mill and Thomas Macaulay thought that European education would enable Indians to recognize the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce and make them see the importance of developing the resources of the country.

Introducing European ways of life would change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods, because Indians would begin to appreciate and buy things that were produced in Europe.
It would also improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest and thus supply the company with civil servants who could be trusted and demanded upon. It could also instill in people a sense of duty and commitment to work and develop the skills required for administration.
Macaulay felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced. It would make them aware of the developments in Western Science and philosophy. Teaching of English could civilize peoplesetting. He saw it as an abode of peace (santiniketan), where living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their natural creativity.

12. What according to the British was their responsibility towards India?

Answer: They felt that institutions should be set up to encourage the study of ancient Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry. The officials also thought that Hindus and Muslims ought to be taught what they were already familiar and what they valued and treasured

not subjects that were alien to them. Only them, they believed, could the British hope to win a place in the hearts of the “native”, only them could the alien rubbers expect to be respected by their subjects.

13. Mention the two schools of thought which wanted to introduce education in India?

not subjects that were alien to them. Only then, they believed could the British hope to win a place in the hearts of the “native”, only then could the alien rulers expect to be respected by their subjects.

14. Describe the differences of opinion between the orientalists and the anglicists.

Answer:

ORIENTALISTS

Orientalists thought in order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
They thought that Eastern education would help Indian rediscover their own heritage and understand the lost geories of their past as well as it would help the British become the guardians of Indian culture and masters.
They also believed for the British, in order to win a place in the hearts of the “natives”. Indians ought to be taught what they were already familiarwith once what they valued not subjects that were have to them.

ANGLICISTS

Anglicists said that knowledge of the East were full of errors and unscientific thought, Eastern literature was won –serious and light hearted.
Anglicist thought the aim of educations ought to be teach what was useful and practical. So Indians should be made familiar with the scientific and technical advances that the had made.
They felt that knowledge of English would make the Indians aware of the developments in Western science and philosophy. Teaching of English could this be a way of civilizing people, changing their castes, values and culture.

15. What steps did the East India Company take to improve the system of vernacular educations?

Answer:

East India Company appointed a number of government pundits, each in charge of looking after four to five schools
The task of the pundit was to visit the path shapes and try and improve the standard of teaching. Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a regular timetable.
Teaching was now based on textbooks and learning was tested through annual examination.
Students were asked to pay regular fees, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats and obey the new rules of discipline.
Pathshalas which accepted the new rules were supported through government grants. Those who were unwilling to work within the new system received no government support

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Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

Weavers Iron Smelters and Factory Owners MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. _______ on the West coast was one of the important sources of trade from Indian Ocean in the early 17th century.
(a) Bombay
(b) Surat
(c) Kozhikode
(d) Kandla

Answer : B

Question. Which type of cloth considers Chintz, cossaes, khassa, bandanna?
(a) Silk cloth
(b) Jute cloth
(c) Cotton coloured cloth
(d) Printed cotton cloth

Answer : D

Question. Why was the Indian textiles popular ?
(a) By its fine quality
(b) By its cheap price
(c) By its fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship
(d) By its exquisite craftsmanship

Answer : C

Question. Before 1750, ____ was the largest producer of cotton textiles in the world.
(a) India
(b) Britain
(c) Burma
(d) China

Answer : A

Question. The Europeans started using the term Chintz, derived from the Hindi word Chhint. What is the meaning of Chhint?
(a) A weaver
(b) A cloth made of silk
(c) A cloth with small and colourful flowery designs.
(d) An order ready to be shipped to Britain

Answer : C

Question. _____ was a major centre of weaving in 18th century Madhya Pradesh.
(a) Bhopal
(b) Burhanpur
(c) Nimach
(d) Gwaliar

Answer : B

Question. Who are Agaria?
(a) Person carrying Cotton
(b) Person carrying wood
(c) Person carrying iron ore
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. Printed cotton textiles were known as ____ in England.
(a) Chintz
(b) Odhni
(c) Bandhana
(d) Muslin

Answer : A

Question. ______ was a major centre of silk production as Company had started trading in India.
(a) Benaras
(b) Sangner
(c) Madura
(d) Ceylon

Answer : A

Question. Tipu sultan’s sword is made up of which metal?
(a) Wood
(b) Wootz
(c) Glass
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. _______ weavers were based in North India.
(a) Tanti
(b) Momin
(c) Devang
(d) Harijan

Answer : B

Question. Name the person who invented Spinning Jenny?
(a) Andrew Kay
(b) Thomas Kay
(c) James Kay
(d) John Kaye

Answer : D

Question. _______ weavers belonged to South India.
(a) Julaha
(b) Momin
(c) Kaikollars
(d) Tanti

Answer : C

Question. Which country from 1850’s came to be known as ‘workshop of the world’?
(a) England
(b) India
(c) Japan
(d) Africa

Answer : A

Question. It is believed that the word calico is derived from the name of a particular place in Kerala. Identify the place.
(a) Calicut
(b) Cochin
(c) Chittur
(d) Cannanore

Answer : A

Question. Specialized block prints used by weavers was known as
(a) Tanti
(b) Chhipigars
(c) Rangrez
(d) Solvyns

Answer : B

Question. Who invented the spinning jenny?
(a) Richard Ark Wright
(b) James Hargreaves
(c) James Thomas
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. In Western India, _____ emerged as one of the important sources of weaving during the late 19th century.
(a) Sholapur
(b) Madurai
(c) Bombay
(d) Kolhapur

Answer : A

Question. Name the machine that increased the productivity of the traditional spindles in textile industry
(a) Spinning engine
(b) Flying shuttle
(c) Steam engine
(d) Spinning Jenny

Answer : D

Question. As their work dried up, few weavers went on to work in plantations of ______
(a) Australia
(b) Japan
(c) America
(d) Europe

Answer : C

Question. Which of the following was woven in Surat, Ahmedabad and Patan and valued in Indonesia?
(a) Patola
(b) Muslin
(c) Calico
(d) Jamdani

Answer : A

Question. Name the important weavers of Northern India from the following list
(a) Sale
(b) Devangs
(c) Julahas
(d) Kaikollar

Answer : C

Question. The cheap textiles imported from _____ gave stiff competition to Indian textiles.
(a) Britain
(b) China
(c) Ceylon
(d) Africa

Answer : A

Question. Which one of the following does Muslin refer to?
(a) A type of coffee
(b) A fine cotton fabric
(c) A piece of metal
(d) A type of cultivation

Answer : B

Question. ______ saw its first cotton mill in 1861.
(a) Delhi
(b) Cochin
(c) Ahemdabad
(d) Madras

Answer : C

Question. A few statements pertaining to the weavers of India are given below. Identify the one that is not True with respect to the weavers.
(a) Weavers often belonged to the communities that specialized in weaving.
(b) Weaving provided livelihood for many Indians
(c) The tanti weavers, julahas are some of the important weavers.
(d) Weaving skills were not passed on from one generation to another

Answer : D

Question. Kanpur had its first cotton mill in ______
(a) 1862
(b) 1865
(c) 1861
(d) 1860

Answer : C

Question. ……………. cloth had a large market in Europe.
(a) Chintz
(b) Patola
(c) Jamdani
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. TISCO expanded steel production during the
(a) First World War
(b) Second World War
(c) Third World War
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. Michael Faraday spent four years in studying
(a) the property of Indian steel
(b) the ancient Indian culture
(c) the properties of Indian Wootz
(d) none of these

Answer : C

Question. Apart from the English, who were the other traders who benefitted and traded the Indian textiles?
(a) Dutch and French
(b) Greek and Chinese
(c) Chinese
(d) West Indians

Answer : A

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 History Extra Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Question

1. During which period patola weaving was famous?

Answer: Patola weaving was famous in mid-nineteenth century.

2. Why were bellows used?

Answer: Bellows were used for pumping air that kept the charcoal burning.

3. When and where was the first cotton mill set up in India?

Answer: The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854.

4. What were piece goods?

Answer: Piece goods were usually woven cloth pieces that were 20 yards long and 1 yard wide.

5. What is Jamdani?

Answer: Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom, typically in grey and white.

6. Why were Indian textiles renowned in the world?

Answer: Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship.

7. What were the most important centres of jamdani weaving?

Answer: The most important centres of jamdani weaving were Dacca in Bengal and Lucknow in the United Provinces.

8. Name the place where chintz was produced during the mid- nineteenth century?

Answer: Chintz was produced in Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, in mid-nineteenth century.

9. How did the European trading companies purchase cotton and silk textiles in India?

Answer: European trading companies purchased cotton and silk textiles in India by importing silver.

10. What did Mahatma Gandhi urge people during national movement?

Answer: During the national movement, Mahatma Gandhi urged people to boycott imported textiles and use hand-spun and hand woven cloth.

11. What made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the nineteenth century?

Answer: Mechanised production of cotton textiles made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the nineteenth century.

12. How did Indian cotton factories prove to be helpful during the First World War?

Answer: During the First World War when textile imports from Britain declined and Indian factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.

13. Name two towns emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late nineteenth century.

Answer: Sholapur in western India and Madura in South India emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late nineteenth century.

14. Why were printed Indian cotton textiles popular in England?
Or
Why there was craze for printed Indian cotton textiles in England and Europe?

Answer: There was craze for printed Indian cotton textiles in England and Europe mainly for their exquisite floral designs, fine texture and relative cheapness.

15. What was special about Tipu Sultan sword?
Or
Why was Tipu’s sword so special?

Answer: Tipu’s sword was made from special type of high carbon steel called Wootz. Wootz steel when made into swords produced a very sharp edge with a flowing water pattern.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Write a short note on Patola weave.

Answer: Patola weave came into existence in mid-nineteenth century. Patola was woven in Surat, Ahmedabad and Patan. Highly valued in Indonesia, it became part of the local weaving tradition there.

2. What kinds of cloth had a large market in Europe?

Answer: Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship. Printed cotton cloths called chintz, cossaes (or khassa) and bandanna had a large market in Europe.

3. What is smelting?

Answer: Smelting is the process of obtaining a metal from rock (or soil) by heating it to a very high temperature, or of melting objects made from metal in order to use the metal to make something new.

4. What came to be called ‘calico’?

Answer: When the Portuguese first came to India in search of spices they landed in Calicut on the Kerala coast in south-west India. The cotton textiles which they took back to Europe, along with the spices, came to be called “calico” (derived from Calicut).

5. Why Britain came to be known as the workshop of the world?

Answer: Mechanised production of cotton textiles made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the nineteenth century. And when its iron and steel industry started growing from the 1850s, Britain came to be known as the “workshop of the world”.

6. What is bandanna?

Answer: The word bandanna now refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the term derived from the word “bandhna” (Hindi for tying), and referred to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dying.

7. How were Indian textiles viewed in the world market?
Or
Mention the importance of Indian textiles in the world market.

Answer: Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship. They were extensively traded in Southeast Asia and West and Central Asia. From the sixteenth century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for sale in Europe.

8. Who were weavers? Name some communities famous for weaving?

Answer: Weavers often belonged to communities that specialized in weaving. Their skills were passed on from one generation to the next. The tanti weavers of Bengal, the julahas or momin weavers of north India, sale and kaikollar and devangs of south India are some of the communities famous for weaving.

9. Who are the Agaria? Why did they leave their village?

Answer: The Agaria were an Indian community of iron smelters. In the late nineteenth century a series of famines devastated the dry tracts of India. In Central India, many of the Agaria iron smelters stopped work, deserted their villages and migrated, looking for some other work to survive the hard times. A large number of them never worked their furnaces again.

10. What was Calico Act?

Answer: By the early eighteenth century, worried by the popularity of Indian textiles, wool and silk makers in England began protesting against the import of Indian cotton textiles. In 1720, the British government enacted a legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles – chintz – in England. Interestingly, this Act was known as the Calico Act.

11. What happened to the weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood?

Answer: Many weavers became agricultural labourers. Some migrated to cities in search of work, and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations in Africa and South America. Some of these handloom weavers also found work in the new cotton mills that were established in Bombay (now Mumbai), Ahmedabad, Sholapur, Nagpur and Kanpur.

12. Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?

Answer: Textile industries had just begun to develop in England in the early eighteenth century. Unable to compete with Indian textiles, English producers wanted a secure market within the country by preventing the entry of Indian textiles. Therefore, they protested against the import of Indian textiles.

13. What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?

Answer: The textile factory industry in India faced many problems. It found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain. In most countries, governments supported industrialisation by imposing heavy duties on imports. This eliminated competition and protected infant industries. The colonial government in India usually refused such protection to local industries.

14. Write a short note on growth of cotton mills in India.
Or
Give a brief description of growth of cotton mills in India.

Answer: The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854. By 1900, over 84 mills started operating in Bombay. Mills came up in other cities too. The first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861. A year later a mill was established in Kanpur, in the United Provinces. Growth of cotton mills led to a demand for labour. Thousands of poor peasants, artisans and agricultural labourers moved to the cities to work in the mills.

15. Why was the Wootz steel making process completely lost by the mid-19th century?
Or
Wootz steel making process was completely lost by the mid-19th century. Give reasons.
Or
Wootz steel making process was completely lost by the mid-nineteenth century. Why this was so?

Answer: Wootz steel making process was completely lost by the mid-nineteenth century because of the following reasons.

The swords and armour making industry died with the conquest of India by the British.
Imports of iron and steel from England displaced the iron and steel produced by craftspeople in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. How did the invention of spinning jenny and steam engine revolutionised cotton textiles moving in England?

Answer: Competition with Indian textiles led to a search for technological innovation in England. In 1764, the spinning jenny was invented by John Kaye which increased the productivity of the traditional spindles. The invention of the steam engine by Richard Arkwright in 1786 revolutionised cotton textile weaving. Cloth could now be woven in immense quantities and cheaply too.

2. What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?

Answer: By the time TISCO was set up the situation was changing. In 1914 the First World War broke out. Steel produced in Britain now had to meet the demands of war in Europe. So imports of British steel into India declined dramatically and the Indian Railways turned to TISCO for supply of rails. As the war dragged on for several years, TISCO had to produce shells and carriage wheels for the war. By 1919 the colonial government was buying 90 per cent of the steel manufactured by TISCO. Over time TISCO became the biggest steel industry within the British empire.

3. Describe the process of weaving.

Answer: Process of weaving

The first stage of production was spinning – a work done mostly by women. The charkha and the takli were household spinning instruments. The thread was spun on the charkha and rolled on the takli.
When the spinning was over the thread was woven into cloth by the weaver. In most communities weaving was a task done by men.
For coloured textiles, the thread was dyed by the dyer, known as rangrez. For printed cloth the weavers needed the help of specialist block printers known as chhipigars.

4. Describe the regions where textile production was concentrated in the early 19th century.

Answer: Textile production was concentrated in four regions in the early nineteenth century.

Bengal was one of the most important centres. Located along the numerous rivers in the delta, the production centres in Bengal could easily transport goods to distant places.
Decca in Eastern Bengal (now Bangladesh) was the foremost textile centre in the eighteenth century. It was famous for its mulmul and jamdani weaving.
Cluster of cotton weaving centres was concentrated along the Coromandel Coast stretching from Madras to northern Andhra Pradesh.
On the western coast there were important weaving centres in Gujarat

5. Why handloom weaving did not completely die in India?

Answer: Handloom weaving did not completely die in India.

This was because some types of cloths could not be supplied by machines. For example, machines could not produce saris with intricate borders or cloths with traditional woven patterns. These had a wide demand not only amongst the rich but also amongst the middle classes.
Nor did the textile manufacturers in Britain produce the very coarse cloths used by the poor people in India.
Sholapur in western India and Madura in South India emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late nineteenth century.
Later, during the national movement, Mahatma Gandhi urged people to boycott imported textiles and use hand-spun and handwoven cloth. Khadi gradually became a symbol of nationalism.

6. How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?

Answer: The development of cotton industries in Britain affected textile producers in India in several ways.

Indian textiles now had to compete with British textiles in the European and American markets.
Exporting textiles to England also became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported into Britain.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century, English made cotton textiles successfully ousted Indian goods from their traditional markets in Africa, America and Europe.
Thousands of weavers in India were now thrown out of employment. Bengal weavers were the worst hit.
By the 1830s British cotton cloth flooded Indian markets. This affected not only specialist weavers but also spinners.

7. How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?

Answer: It is interesting to trace the names of different textiles as it tells us about their histories.

Muslin – European traders first encountered fine cotton cloth from India carried by Arab merchants in Mosul in present-day Iraq. So they began referring to all finely woven textiles as “muslin”.

Calico – When the Portuguese first came to India in search of spices they landed in Calicut on the Kerala coast in south-west India. The cotton textiles which they took back to Europe, along with the spices, came to be called “calico” (derived from Calicut), and subsequently calico became the general name for all cotton textiles.

Chintz – It is derived from the Hindi word chhint, a cloth with small and colourful flowery designs.

Bandanna – The word bandanna now refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the term derived from the word “bandhna” (Hindi for tying), and referred to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dying.

8. Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?

Answer: Indian iron smelting industry began to decline in the nineteenth century due to the following reasons:

The new forest law colonial government prevented people from entering the reserved forests. Thus, the iron smelters were not able to find wood for charcoal and iron ore for producing iron.
Defying forest laws, they often entered the forests secretly and collected wood, but they could not sustain their occupation on this basis for long. Many gave up their craft and looked for other means of livelihood.
In some areas the government did grant access to the forest. But the iron smelters had to pay a very high tax to the forest department for every furnace they used. This reduced their income.
Moreover, by the late nineteenth century iron and steel was being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and implements. This inevitably lowered the demand for iron produced by local smelters.

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Chapter 5 When People Rebel mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

When People Rebel MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. When soldiers as a group disobey their officers in the army then it is called a __________
(a) Cartridge
(b) Sepoy
(c) Mutiny
(d) Barracks

Answer : C

Question.Name the son of Begum Hazart Mahal from Lucknow
(a) Birjis Qadr
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Kunwar Singh
(d) Baji Rao

Answer : A

Question. Who was the Indian rulers under the Doctrine of Lapse introduced by Lord Dalhousie?
(a) They are not allowed to go out of their states.
(b) They could not have relations with foreign powers.
(c) They are not allowed to adopt an heir to the throne.
(d) could not keep an army.

Answer : C

Question. Among the following Residents of British India, who was forced to take refuge in a residency and killed by the forces of Begum Hazrat Mahal?
(a) John Nicholson
(b) Sir Henry Lawrence
(c) John Lawrence
(d) Henry Havelock

Answer : B

Question. Bakht Kfian was a soldier from
(a) Meerut
(b) Agra
(c) Bareilycorrect
(d) Delhi

Answer : C

Question. What did the East India Company do from the coins minted by the Company?
(a) The name of the Mughal emperor was removed from the coins.
(b) The name India was removed from the coins
(c) The name of the Governor general was removed from the coins
(d) The name of the British King was removed from the coins

Answer : A

Question. In what way did the Christian missionaries help the British East India Company? From the statements given below, choose the one that is not TRUE with respect to the missionaries.
(a) The Christian missionaries functioned freely and even owned land and property.
(b) The Christian missionaries did not encourage education of women.
(c) An Indian converted to Christianity could inherit the property of ancestors
(d) The Christian missionaries converted the people as Christians

Answer : B

Question. Who wrote the book Majhe Pravaas?
(a) Lalu Bakshi
(b) Bayjabai Shinde
(c) Vishnubhatt Godse
(d) Moropant Tambe

Answer : C

Question. When was Gwalior recaptured by British?
(a) 1863
(b) 1842
(c) 1825
(d) 1858

Answer : D

Question. How many sepoys were dismissed from service and sentenced to ten years in jail on 9 May, 1857?
(a) Eighty
(b) Eighty-fivecorrect
(c) Ninety
(d) Ninety-five

Answer : B

Question. Name the ruler of Kanpur who called himself Peshwa?
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Balaji Rao I
(c) Baji Rao II
(d) Bahadur Shah Zafar

Answer : A

Question. Which incidence of Indian history is called as the first war of Indian Independence?
(a) First war of Mughal independence
(b) First war of Indian independence
(c) First war of British independence
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. Who was Nana Saheb?
(a) Son of Peshwa Baji Rao II
(b) Son of Rani Lakshmi Bai
(c) Son of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. Who was the leaders of the revolt who actively took part in it?
(a) Nana Sahib
(b) Tantiya Tope
(c) Rani Lakshmibai
(d) All of these

Answer : D

Question. Name the Indian soldier who tried to rebel against the British at Barrackpore, but was arrested and hanged to death on 8th April 1857.
(a) Nana Saheb
(b) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(c) Tantia Tope
(d) Mangal Pandey

Answer : D

Question. Subsidiary Alliance was imposed on Awadh in
(a) 1800
(b) 1801correct
(c) 1810
(d) 1815

Answer : B

Question- During the mid 18th century, the British had placed _____ inside the Court of many Nawabs.
(a) Residents
(b) Spy
(c) Advisors
(d) Ministers

Answer : A

Question. Who helped Colin Campbell to rescue the British holed up in the residency of Lucknow?
(a) Kunwar Singh
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Bahadur Shah Zafar
(d) Gurkha regiment

Answer : D

Question. Who led the revolt in Kanpur ?
(a) Begum Hazrat Mahal
(b) Nana Saheb
(c) Mangal Pandey
(d) Bahadur Shah Zafar

Answer : B

Question- Sepoys of British empire were severely punished in 1824 after they refused to go to
(a) Burma
(b) England
(c) Africa
(d) America

Answer : A

Question- The revolt of ____ was the biggest armed resistance to colonialism during the 19th century.
(a) 1859
(b) 1857
(c) 1860
(d) 1861

Answer : B

Question- _____ was the General of Nana Saheb.
(a) Baji Rao II
(b) Mangal Pandey
(c) Tantia Tope
(c) Begum Hazrat Mahal

Answer : C

Question. The greased cartridges given to the Indian soldiers was made of what?
(a) Fat of the hen
(b) Fat of the dog
(c) Fat of the goat and the sheep
(d) Fat of cow and pig

Answer : D

Question. When was Kanpur captured by Nana Saheb?
(a) 1890
(b) 1832
(c) 1857
(d) 1846

Answer : C

Question- Bahadur Shah Zafar passed away in
(a) 1862
(b) 1859
(c) 1858
(d) 1865

Answer : A

Question. Which one of the following best describes a Resident with respect to British India?
(a) An official who administers oath to the soldiers.
(b) A local money lender collecting revenue
(c) A senior British Government administrative official positioned in a local place and controlling the happenings of the kingdom.
(d) A local landlord to keep a check on the land revenue

Answer : C

Question. Name the Governor General who declared that Awadh was being misgoverned and British rule was needed to ensure proper administration.
(a) Lord Ripon
(b) William Bentick
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Mountbatten

Answer : C

CBSE Class 8 History Chapter 5 Important Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1: What was the plea of Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao-II?
Answer: Nana Saheb pleaded that he be given his father’s pension when the latter died.

2: What was the first step taken by the Company towards ending the Mughal dynasty?
Answer: The name of the Mughal king was removed from the coins minted by the Company.

3: Why were the Indian sepoys unhappy with the British rule? Give any one reason.
Answer: The Indian sepoys were underpaid.

4: What rumour spread among the sepoys of the Meerut regiment about the new cartridges?
Answer: The rumour spread that the new cartridges were coated with the fat of cows and pigs.

5: What did the ageing Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar do after he was declared the leader of the rebels?
Answer: He wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of the country to come forward and organise a confederacy of Indian states to fight the British.

6: Name any two smaller rulers who acknowledged the suzerainty of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
Answer: Nana Saheb and Biijis Qadr.

7: Who was Tantia Tope?
Answer: He was the General of Nana Saheb.

8: Who was Ahmadullah Shah? What was his prophesy?
Answer: Ahmadullah Shah was a maulvi from Faizabad. His prophesy was that the rule of the British would soon come to an end.

9: Who was Bakht Khan?
Answer: Bakht Khan was a soldier from Bareilly. He took charge of a large force of fighters who came to Delhi.

10: When did the British recapture Delhi?
Answer: The British recaptured Delhi in September 1857.

11: Why were the powers of the East India Company transferred to the British Crown?
Answer: The powers of the East India Company were transferred to the British Crown in order to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.

12: Under what condition the ruling chiefs could pass on their kingdoms to their heirs?
Answer: They could do so only when they were ready to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount.

13: Why did the British treat Muslims with suspicion and hostility?
Answer: The British believed that Muslims were responsible for the rebellion in a big way.

Short Answer Type Questions

1: Under what pretext did the Company take over Awadh?

Answer: In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh, and in 1856, it was taken over. Governor-General Dalhousie declared that the territory was being misgoverned and British rule was needed to ensure proper administration.

2: How did the Company plan to bring an end to the Mughal dynasty?

Answer: (a) First of all the name of the Mughal king was removed from the coins minted by the Company.
(b) In 1849, Governor-General Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the family of the king would be shifted out of the Red Fort and given another place in Delhi to live in.
(c) In 1856, Governor-General “Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death his descendants would be known as princes.

3: Why were the Indian sepoys in the employ of the Company discontented? Give sufficient reasons.

Answer: Reasons for their discontentment:
(a) The Indian sepoys were given poor salaries and allowances.
(b) The conditions of service also made them unhappy.
(c) Some of the new rules even violated their religious sentiments and beliefs.
(d) Those were the days when many people in the country believed that if they crossed the sea they would lose their religion and caste. So when in 1824 the sepoys were told to go to Burma by the sea route to fight for the Company, they refused to follow this order. As a result they were given severe punishment. What is more, in 1856, the Company passed a new law which stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas if required.

4: What reforms did the British introduce in the Indian society? How did the people of India respond to them?

Answer: The British introduced several reforms:
(a) They passed laws to stop the practice of sati and to encourage the remarriage of widows.
(b) They promoted English language education.
(c) In 1850, the Company passed a new law that made the conversion to Christianity easier.
Many Indians began to feel that the British were destroying their religion, their social customs and their traditional way of life. But at the same time there were other Indians who readily accepted the reforms introduced by the British. In fact, they wanted to change existing social practices.

5: Why did the chiefs and rulers support the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in the revolt?

Answer: The Mughal dynasty had ruled over a large part of the country. Most smaller rulers and chieftains controlled different territories on behalf of the Mughal ruler. Threatened by the expansion of British rule, many of them felt that if the Mughal emperor could rule again, they too would be able to rule their own territories once more, under the Mughal authority.

6: How did the British try to win back the loyalty of the people after they recaptured Delhi?

Answer: (a) The British announced rewards for loyal landholders by allowing them to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands.
(b) Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to the British and if they had not killed any white people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land would not be denied.

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Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

Tribals Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. For whom the term ‘diku’ was used?

(A) Chowkidar
(B) Thikanedar

Answer : C

Question. The Santhal tribals belong to-

(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Madhya Pradesh

Answer : C

Question. Type of cultivation in which farmer left the land after two or three years of cultivation-

(A) shifting agriculture

(B) primitive agriculture

(D) none of the above

Answer : A

Question. During which period the live of tribal groups mostly changed?

(A) Mughals

(B) Sultanate

(D) British period

Answer : D

Question. Who were the followers of Birsa other than Mundra tribe?

(A) Khasi and Toda

(B) Santhal and Oraons

(D) Santhal and Khond

Answer : B

Question. Who were Khonds?

(A) Hunters
(B) Settled

Answer : A

Question. Which tribe reared cocoons?

(A) Kol
(B) Baiga

Answer : D

Question. Warli revolt took place in-

(A) Rajasthan
(B) Gujarat

Answer : C

Question. Santhal revolt took place in-

(A) 1850

(B) 1855

Answer : B

Question. In 1910 which tribe revolted in Central India?

(A) Bastar

(B) Gond

Answer : A

Question. Which tribe was reluctant to work for others?

(A) Khond

(B) Munda

Answer : C

Question. Van Gujjars and Labadis were.

(A) Cattle herders

(B) Settled cultivators

Answer : A

Question. The Santhal tribals belong to-

(A) Jharkhand

(B) Uttar Pradesh

(D) Maharashtra

Answer : A

Question. Type of cultivation in which farmer left the land after two or three years of cultivation

(A) shifting agriculture

(B) primitive agriculture

(D) none of the above

Answer: A

Question. During which period the live of tribal groups mostly changed?

(A) Sultanate

(B) After Independence

(D) Mughals

Answer: C

Question. Who were the followers of Birsa other than Mundra tribe?

(A) Santhal and Oraons

(B) Baiga and Khond

(D) Khasi and Toda

Answer: A

Question. Who were Khonds?

(A) Jhum cultivators

(B) Food gatherers

(D) Hunters

Answer: D

Question. Which tribe reared cocoons?

(A) Kol

(B) Baiga

(D) Khond

Answer: C

Question. Warli revolt took place in

(A) Maharashtra

(B) Rajasthan

(D) Tamilnadu

Answer: A

Question. Santhal revolt took place in

(A) 1855

(B) 1890

(D) 1852

Answer: A

Question. In 1910 which tribe revolted in Central India?

(A) Khond

(B) Bastar

(D) Munda

Answer: B

Question. For whom the term ‘diku’ was used?

(A) None

(B) Chowkidar

(D) Outsiders

Answer: D

Question. Which tribe was reluctant to work for others?

(A) Baiga

(B) Khond

(D) Kol

Answer: A

Question. Van Gujjars and Labadis were.

(A) Cattle herders

(B) Hunters

(D) Food gatherers

Answer: A

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Extra Questions Chapter 4 Class 8 History

Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Extra Questions for Class 8 History is very helpful in knowing the important concepts given inside the chapter. Class 8 Extra Questions will increase concentration among students and prepare yourself well before examinations.

Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):

1. Why did the British introduce land settlements?

Answer

They did so in order to get a regular revenue source for the state.

2. What was Indian silk known for?

Answer

Indian silk was known for its fine quality.

3. Why did the British want tribal groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators?

Answer

Because settled peasants were easier to control and administer than people who were always on the move.

4. What was the political aim of the Birsa movement?

Answer

The political aim of the Birsa movement was to drive out missionaries, money-lenders, Hindu landlords and the government and set up a Munda Raj Birsa at its head.

5. Why were some forests classified as Reserved Forests?

Answer

These forests produced timber which the British wanted.

6. What problem did the British face after they stopped the tribal people from living inside forests?

Answer

They faced the problem of shortage of labour.

7. Why did the Forest Department establish forest villages?

Answer

In order to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.

8. Who were the outsiders being referred to as dikus?

Answer

Traders, moneylenders, missionaries, Hindu landlords and the British were the outsiders being referred to as dikus.

9. Who was Birsa Munda?

Answer

Birsa Munda belonged to a family of Mundas, a tribal group that lived in Chottanagpur.

10. When did Birsa Munda die and how?

Answer

Birsa Munda died of cholera in 1900.

11. When and where was the forest satyagraha staged?

Answer

The forest satyagraha occurred in 1930s in the Central Provinces.

12. On what charges was Birsa convicted?

Answer

Birsa was convicted on the charges of rioting.

Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Short Answer Questions (SAQs):

1. What did the Khond community of Orrisa do to earn living?

Answer

The Khond community of Orissa lived by hunting and gathering forest produce. Forests were essential for them. They regularly went out on collective hunts and then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected from the forest and cooked food with the out they extracted from the seeds of the sal and mahua. They used many forest shrubs and herbs for medicinal purposes, and sold forest produce in the local markets.

2. How did the British officials view settled tribal groups and those who moved about from place to place?

Answer

The British officials saw settled tribal groups such as the Gonds and Santhals as more civilised than hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators. These tribal groups lived in the forests and kept on moving. They did not have a fixed home. The British considered them wild and savage and therefore they needed to be settled and civilised.

3. Why was the British effort to settle jhum cultivators not very successful?

Answer

• It is usually difficult to carry on settled plough cultivation in areas where water is scarce and the soil is dry.

• Jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered since their fields did not prdfcluce good yields. Hence, the jhum cultivators in north-east India insisted on continuing with their traditional practice.

• The British faced widespread protests. Therefore, they allowed them to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest.

4. How did traders and moneylenders exploit the tribal people?

Answer

Tribal groups often needed to buy and sell in order to be able to get the goods that were not produced within the locality. This led to their dependence on traders and moneylenders. Traders came around with things for sale. They sold the goods at high prices.

Moneylenders used to give loans with which the tribals met their cash needs, adding to what they earned. But the interest charged on the loans was very high. Thus, both traders and moneylenders always exploited the tribal people. It is therefore the tribals- saw them as evil outsiders and the cause of their misery.

5. Describe land settlements introduced by the British.

Answer

The British introduced land settlements to ensure a regular revenue source for the state. Under these settlements:

• The British measured the land, defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue demand for the state.

• Some peasants were declared landowners, others tenants. The tenants were to pay rent to the landowner who in turn paid revenue to the state.

6. How did Birsa resume his movement after his release in 1897?

Answer

Birsa was released in 1897. Now he began touring the villages to gather support. He used traditional symbols and language to rouse people, urging them to destroy dikus and the Europeans and establish a kingdom under his leadership. Birsa’s followers began targetting the symbols of dikus and European power. They attacked police stations and churches and raided the property of moneylenders and zamindars. They raised the white flag as a symbol of Birsa Raj.

7. In what ways was the Birsa movement significant?

Answer

The Birsa movement was significant in two ways:

• It forced the colonial government to introduce laws so that the land of the tribals could not easily be taken over by dikus.

• It showed once again that the tribal people had the capacity to protest against injustice and express their anger against colonial rule. They did this in their own specific way, inventing their own rituals and symbols of struggle.

8. What problem did the British face after they brought changes in forest laws? How did they solve this problem?

Answer

The British stopped the tribal people from living inside forests by introducing some changes in forest laws. This created a problem. They lost labour force because most of the jhum cultivators moved to other areas in search of work.

Colonial officials solved the problem of labour’s shortage by giving jhum cultivators small patches of land in the forests and allowing them to cultivate these on the condition that these who lived in villages would have to provide labour to the Forest Department and look after the forests. The Forest Department established forest villages in many regions to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.

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Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

Ruling the Countryside MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. The Champaran movement was against
(a) peasants
(b) East India Company
(c) the oppressive attitude of the planters
(d) none of the above

Answer : C

Question. Gandhiji visited Champaran
(a) to see the plight of Indigo planters in Champarancorrect
(b) to see the progress of’Indigo plantation
(c) to see the managing system of company
(d) none of the above

Answer : A

Question. In which year was the Permanent Settlement System started?
(a) 1900
(b) 1885
(c) 1890
(d) 1793

Answer : D

Question.The lathi weilding strongmen maintained by planters are:
(a) Ryots
(b) Peasant
(c) Lathiyals
(d) Vat-Beater

Answer : C

Question.Who among the following introduced the Ryotwari Settlement system ?
(a) Thomas Munro
(b) Holt Mackenzie
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d) Lord Cornwallis

Answer : A

Question. From among the regions mentioned below, which region introduced the Mahalwari Settlement System in 1822 ?
(a) Bombay
(b) Madras
(c) Bihar
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Answer : D

Question. Growers of woad in Europe saw crop as competition to their earnings.
(a) tea
(b) rubber
(c) indigo
(d) coffee

Answer : C

Question. Indigo production came down in Bengal in
(a) 1850
(b) 1852
(c) 1855
(d) 1859

Answer : D

Question. How much proportion of Indigo was imported from India by Britain in 1810?
(a) 75%
(b) 95%
(c) 90%
(d) 85%

Answer : B

Question. From the given possibilities, which year did the British introduce the Permanent Settlement of Bengal?
(a) 1793
(b) 1800
(c) 1815
(d) 1780

Answer : A

Question. The Company tried many experiments to increase the land revenue. Name the Settlement system introduced in the Madras and Bombay presidencies ?
(a) Permanent Settlement System
(b) British Settlement System
(c) Ryotwari Settlement System
(d) Mahalwari Settlement System

Answer : C

Question. Why was there a popular demand for Indian indigo in Italy, France and Britain?
(a) India was the biggest producer of indigo and no other country produced indigo
(b) There was a ban on indigo import in other countries
(c) Indigo imports were tax free
(d) Indigo was used to dye cloth and there was a huge demand\

Answer : D

Question. Mahalwari systems was devised by:
(a) Thomas Munro
(b) Holt Mackenzie
(c) Charles Cornwallis
(d) Robert Clive

Answer : B

Question. What do you mean by the term Mortgage?
(a) Agreement between moneylenders and nawab
(b) Agreement between king and peasants
(c) Agreement between moneylenders and peasants
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. What happened in 1770 in Bengal so that one-third of the population was wiped out?
(a) The British shipped a lot of locals to Britain and the met with an accident.
(b) Robert Clive had to wage a battle with the locals and killed many .
(c) The British and the French had a war in Bengal and many were killed .
(d) Due to a terrible famine, ten million people in Bengal were wiped out.

Answer : D

Question. What do you mean by nij and ryoti?
(a) The two main trading centres of indigo
(b) The two main areas where indigo was cultivated in India
(c) The two important systems of indigo cultivation
(d) The two main sets of zamindars

Answer : C

Question. What is Bigha?
(a) Unit of temperature
(b) Unit of capacity
(c) Unit of measurement
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. After harvest, the indigo plant was taken to the in the indigo factory.
(a) dye
(b) vatcorrect
(c) farm
(d) machine

Answer : B

Question. What is the literal meaning of the Greek word indikon?
(a) Blue
(b) Dye
(c) From India
(d) From England

Answer : C

Question. Given below are some points with regard to the nij cultivation of indigo. Select the one that is not related to the nij cultivation
(a) The planters produced indigo in the lands that he directly controlled.
(b) Planters cultivated in lands either bought by them or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers
(c) Planters needed large areas in compact blocks to cultivate indigo
(d) The planters were forced to sign a contract , an agreement (satt(a)

Answer : D

Question. Where did the Ryotwari Settlement was introduced?
(a) Bombay Presidency
(b) South and West India
(c) Deccan
(d) Punjab

Answer : B

Question- ______ was Governor General of India in 1793
(a) Warren Hastings
(b) Charles Cornwallis
(c) Louis Chole
(d) George Martin

Answer : B

Question- Zamindars were responsible for collecting ____ from peasants.
(a) rent
(b) goods
(c) food
(d) money

Answer : A

Question- _____ was Madras governor in 1819.
(a) Thomas Munro
(b) Franklin
(c) Jacob Smith
(d) Holt Mackenzie

Answer : A

Question. Who introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal?
(a) Lord Cornwallis
(b) Lord William
(c) Lord Louise
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. What are commercial crops?
(a) Crops cultivated for tax paying
(b) Crops cultivated for own use
(c) Crops cultivated for sale
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question- Morris cotton print was invented by
(a) William Morris
(b) Robert Morris
(c) John Morris
(d) Morris Will

Answer : A

Question. What do you mean by the term ‘Plantation’?
(a) Rearing of animals
(b) A large farm operated by a planter
(c) A Large Kingdom
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Ruling the Countryside Extra Questions Chapter 3 Class 8 History

Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Class 8 History Extra Questions which is very useful in grasping important points inside the chapter properly. Extra Questions for Class 8 will be helpful in answering the difficult questions with ease.

Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):

1. When was the East India Company appointed as the Diwan of Bengal?

Answer

On 12th August 1765, the East India Company was appointed as the Diwan of Bengal.

2. When did Bengal face a severe famine and how many people were killed in it?

Answer

A terrible famine occurred in Bengal in 1770 and around 10 million people were killed.

3. Who were made the owners of land in Permanent Settlement?

Answer

The rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars and they were made the owners of land.

4. Name the Governor-General of India when the Permanent Settlement was introduced.

Answer

Charles Cornwallis.

5. What did the Permanent Settlement actually mean?

Answer

The amount of revenue the peasants were expected to pay was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future.

6. What was the advantage of Permanent Settlement to the Company?

Answer

As a result of the Permanent Settlement, the Company was assured of a fixed and regular income.

7. Who introduced the mahalwari system and where?

Answer

An Englishman named Holt Mackenzie devised the mahalwari system in the north-western provinces of the Bengal Presidency in 1822 CE.

8. What was the unit of measurement in the mahalwari system?

Answer

Mahal or village was the unit in the mahalwari system.

9. Who was to pay revenue in the mahalwari system?

Answer

It was decided that the village would pay the revenue in the mahalwari system.

10. How did the Diwani of Bengal empower the Company?

Answer

As Diwan, the Company became the chief financial administrator of the territory under its control. Now it could administer the land and organise its revenue resources.

11. What did the woad producers in Europe want their government to do? Why?

Answer

The woad producers wanted their government to ban the import of indigo because they were worried by the competition from indigo.

12. Why did cloth dyers prefer indigo as a dye?

Answer

Indigo produced a rich blue colour whereas the dye from woad was pale and dull.

Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Short Answer Questions (SAQs):

1. How did the responsibility of the Company change as the Diwan of Bengal?

Answer

• When the Company got Diwani rights of Bengal, it became the chief financial administrator of the areas under its control.

• Now, the Company had to manage and organise revenue resources.

• The Company was also responsible for the administration of its territory. It had to yield enough revenue to meet the increasing expenses.

2. How did the Bengal economy fall into a deep crisis?

Answer

• After the Company became the Diwan of Bengal it began its efforts to increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible.

• Within five years the value of goods bought by the Company in Bengal doubled. Before 1765, the Company had purchased goods in India by importing gold and silver from Britain.

3. What did the Company officials learn from their past experiences as administrators?

Answer

• As administrators, the Company officials learnt a lot from their past experiences. The officials had to move with great caution since they represented an alien or foreign power.

• They had to pacify the local people who had ruled the countryside and wielded extensive power in the society.

• The Company officials knew it well that these local rulers could only be controlled, and not entirely eliminated.

4. What were the consequences of the economic crisis that gripped Bengal?

Answer

• Artisans began to leave villages since they were being forced to sell their goods to the Company at low prices.

• Peasants were unable to pay the dues that were being demanded from them.

• Artisanal production was in decline and agricultural cultivation showed signs of collapse.

• The most terrible consequence came to be seen in 1770 when a terrible famine hit Bengal killing ten million people. About one- third of the population was wiped out.

5. How was indigo cultivated under the ryoti system?

Answer

Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, known as satta. At times they pressurised the village headmen to sign the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25 per cent of the area under his holding. The planters provided the seed, and the drill, white the cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. After the harvest the crop was delivered to the planters.

6. Why did the demand for Indian indigo increase in the late-eighteenth century Britain?

Answer

Britain began to industrialise by the end of the eighteenth century. As a result, its cotton production expanded dramatically. This created an enormous new demand for cloth dyes. While the demand for indigo increased, its existing supplies from the West Indies and America collapsed for several reasons. Between 1783 and 1789 the production of indigo in the world fell by half. Cloth dyers in Britain now desperately looked for new sources of indigo supply.

Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Long Answer Questions (LAQs):

1. Explain in brief about the Permanent Settlement, the ryotwari system and the mahalwari system.

Answer

(i) Permanent Settlement
• Permanent Settlement is a system of revenue collection which was introduced in the provinces of Bengal and Bihar by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
• The entire work of revenue collection was assigned to zamindars, who were given hereditary rights over the land on the condition that they would pay a fixed amount of revenue to the government every year.

(ii) Ryotwari system
• This system of land revenue collection was introduced by the British in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies.
• The government made settlements with farmers for a specific period of about 30 years.
• The farmer had to pay 50% of their production to the government every year. The settlement could be revised after the stipulated period.

(iii) Mahalwari system
• Holt Mackenzie, an Englishman, introduced a new system of mahalwari in 1822.
• In this system, the revenue-collectors went from village to village inspecting and measuring the land, and recording the customs and rights of different groups. The estimated revenue was calculated for each village. This demand was not fixed and could be revised.
• The village headman, and not the zamindar, was given the charge of collecting revenue and deposit it to the Company.

2. Describe the processes involved in indigo production.

Answer

Indigo production involved the following processes:

• After harvest, the indigo plant was taken to the vats (a fermenting or storage vessel) in the indigo factory. Three or four vats were needed to manufacture the dye.

• Each vat had a separate function. The leaves stripped off the indigo plant were first soaked in warm water in a vat known as the fermenting vat for several hours.

• When the plant fermented, the liquid began to boal and bubble. Now the rotten leaves were taken out and the liquid drained into another vat that was placed just below the first vat.

• In the second vat, known as the beater vat, the solution was continuously stirred and beaten with paddles. When the liquid gradually turned green and then blue, lime water was added to the vat.

• Gradually the indigo separated out in flakes, a muddy sediment settled at the bottom of the vat and clear liquid rose to the surface. The liquid was drained off and the sediment i.e. the indigo pulp transferred to another vat, known as the settling vat, and then pressed and dried for sale.

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Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory mcqs & important questions history | class 8th

From Trade to Territory MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. Which of the following was NOT the Presidency ?
(a) Bengal
(b) Madras
(c) Bombay
(d) Kalikata

Answer : A

Question. In Kittoor , the war with East India Company was led by ____________.
(a) Rani Lakshmi Bai
(b) Peshwa
(c) Rani Chennama

Answer : C

Question. What do you call a business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher process?
(a) Exchange
(b) Noncommercial
(c) Mercantile
(d) Barter

Answer : C

Question- Aurangzeb died in the year
(a) 1707
(b) 1710
(c) 1705
(d) 1711

Answer : A

Question- _____ was the first person to discover a trading route to India.
(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) James Cook
(c) Columbus
(d) Thomas Cook

Answer : A

Question- Battle of Plassey took place in the year
(a) 1757
(b) 1789
(c) 1760
(d) 1755

Answer : A

Question- _____ led Englishmen in the Battle of Plassey against Bengal nawab in 1757
(a) Warren Hasting
(b) Louis Mountbaitten
(c) Robert Clive
(d) Lord Canning

Answer : C

Question. From the years mentioned below, choose the correct date of death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal ruler
(a) On 3rd March 1800
(b) On 3rd March 1707
(c) On 3rd March 1750
(d) On 3rd March 1850

Answer : B

Question. European trading companies were attracted to India due to
(a) cheap land
(b) cheap labour
(c) raw material like cotton silk and spices
(d) none of these

Answer : C

Question. Why is it considered that Delhi could no longer function as an effective center after the death of Aurangzeb?
(a) Many regional powerful kingdoms emerged in various parts asserting their authority
(b) Delhi was not considered to be symbolically lucky for the rulers.
(c) Delhi only represented the Northern part of India, and the Southern Part was left out without any representation
(d) The trading activities could not function from Delhi

Answer : A

Question. The first English factory was set up in the year
(a) 1600
(b) 1651correct
(c) 1655
(d) 1665

Answer : B

Question.After the death of Arivardi Khan in 1756, who became the Nawab of Bengal?
(a) Murshid Quli Khan
(b) Mir Qasim
(c) Sirajuddaulah
(d) Mir Jafar

Answer : C

Question. Robert Clive committed suicide in the year
(a) 1770
(b) 1743
(c) 1767
(d) 1774

Answer : D

Question. Which foreign power, from the given list was the last European power to enter India?
(a) French
(b) Dutch
(c) Chinese
(d) Portuguese

Answer : A

Question. Who replaced Mir Jafar as the Nawab after his protest against the Company.
(a) Mir Qasim
(b) Bahadur Shah
(c) Aurangzeb
(d) Alivardhi Khan

Answer : A

Question- _____ was capital of Tipu Sultan
(a) Calicut
(b) Mangalore
(c) Seringapatnam
(d) Masulipatnam

Answer : C

Question. Which place/city was given to the British by a local ruler in 1639, which was later fortified as Fort St George.?
(a) Delhi
(b) Kolkata
(c) Madras
(d) Bombay

Answer : C

Question. The Maratha chiefs were held together in a confederacy under the Peshwa, Who were the members?
(a) Scindia
(b) Holkar
(c) Bhonsle and Gaikwad
(d) All of these

Answer : D

Question. Rani Channamma was the ruler of
(a) Bengal
(b) Kitoorcorrect
(c) Agra
(d) delhi

Answer : B

Question- Marathas were defeated by English in _____ battle of Panipat.
(a) third
(b) first
(c) fourth
(d) second

Answer : A

Question- Doctorine of Lapse was introduced by
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Clive
(d) Lord Curjon

Answer : B

Question. Who among the following states was annexed on the argument of misgovernment?
(a) Satara(1848)
(b) Sambhalpur (1850)
(c) Udaipur (1852)
(d) Awadh (1856)

Answer : D

Question- ______ was defeated by Englishmen in the Battle of Buxar.
(a) Mir Qasim
(b) Mir Jafar
(c) Sirajudaulah
(d) Alivardi Khan

Answer : A

Question- Jhansi was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in
(a) 1855
(b) 1854
(c) 1859
(d) 1858

Answer : B

Question. Name the movement started in Italy in the 14th century and lasted till 17th century that later provoked the Europeans to come to India and other countries.
(a) Renaissance
(b) Nationalism
(c) Socialism
(d) Urbanisation

Answer : A

Question- British Parliament was called
(a) House of Commons
(b) House of Lords
(c) White House
(d) Imperial House

Answer : A

Question. Competition among the companies resulted in
(a) reduced profits of companiescorrect
(b) quality of goods increased
(c) price became low
(d) none of these

Answer : A

Question. According to the historians, by the second half of the 18th century, which new power emerged as powerful in India?
(a) British
(b) Chinese
(c) Japanese
(d) Dutch

Answer : A

Question. Which treaty gave the Divani to British?
(a) Treaty of Bengal
(b) Treaty of Bombay
(c) Treaty of Allahabad
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. What do you mean by Privy Council?
(a) King’s council
(b) King’s Mansion
(c) king’s kingdom
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. Which were the important spices that were in great demand in the European market?
(a) Coriander, Fenugreek
(b) Cumin, Aniseed
(c) Pepper, Cloves, Cardamom, Cinnamon
(d) Garlic, Ginger, poppy seeds

Answer : C

Question.___________ introduced ‘Doctrine of Lapse’
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Robert Clive
(c) Warren Hastings

Answer : A

Question. Name the river on whose bank the first English factory was established?
(a) Ganga
(b) Brahamputra
(c) Hugli

Answer : C

From Trade to Territory Extra Questions Chapter 2 Class 8 History

Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory Class 8 History Extra Questions is available here that will help you in understanding the chapter completely and scoring good marks in the examinations. Extra Questions for Class 8 History in increasing concentration among students.

Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):

1. Who was the last of the powerful Mughal rulers?

Answer

Aurangzeb

2. With what purpose did the British originally come to India?

Answer

Trading

3. Who was the ruler of England in 1600?

Answer

Queen Elizabeth I

4. Name a thing produced in India which had a big market in Europe.

Answer

Fine qualities of cotton and silk (Any One)

5. How did the royal charter empower the East India company?

Answer

Through royal charter, East India company gained sole trading rights with the East.

6. Why did the Battle of Plassey become famous?

Answer

It was the first major victory the Company won in India.

7. When did the British emerge on the political horizon of India?

Answer

By the second half of the 18th century

8. Who discovered the sea route to India and when?

Answer

Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea route to India in 1498 C.E.

9. When did Siraj-ud-Daulah become the Nawab of Bengal?

Answer

Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 C.E., after the death of Alivardi Khan.

10. Why did the Company want a puppet ruler?

Answer

A puppet ruler would willingly give it trade concessions and other privileges.

11. Whom did the Company install in place of Mir Jafar?

Answer

Company installed Mir Qasim in place of Mir Jafar.

12. Who were called ‘nabobs’?

Answer

Several Company officials returned to Britain with wealth and led flashy lives and showed their riches with great pride. They were called “nabobs’.

13. Why did Tipu Sultan develop a close relationship with the French in India?

Answer

He did so in order to modernise his army with their help.

14. What was the objective behind the Company’s new policy of ‘paramountcy ’?

Answer

The Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme and therefore its power was greater than that of Indian states.

15. What happened in the Battle of Seringapatam?

Answer

Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.

16. What was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?

Answer

If an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would become the part of Company territory.

17. What was the result of Rani Channamma’s anti-British resistance movement?

Answer

She was put in the prison where she died.

18. Why was Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, tried after he returned to England?

Answer

He was tried for the misgovernance of Bengal.

Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory Short Answer Questions (SAQs):

1. What led to a fierce battle between the European trading companies?

Answer

• The competition for Indian silk, cotton, spices among the European companies pushed up the prices at which goods could be purchased which led to reduction of profit.

• They saw a way to increase profit by eliminating rival companies which led to a fierce battle between the trading companies.

• They regularly sank each other’s ships, blocked routes and prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of goods. Trading posts were also protected with arms and fortifications.

2. Give an account of different European trading companies besides the British East India Company that entered the Eastern markets.

Answer

Different European trading companies were:

• The Portuguese: By the time the first English ships sailed down the West coast of Africa, round the Cape of Good Hope, and crossed the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese had already established their presence in the western coast of India and had their base in Goa.

• The Dutch: By the early 17th century, the Dutch too were exploring the possibilities of trade in the Indian Ocean.

• The French: The French traders soon arrived on the scene for the same purpose.

3. What were the causes of conflict between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British?

Answer

• The Company was not paying taxes.

• The Company officials were writing disrespectful letters to the Nawab.

• The British started deploying forces in Calcutta and in spite of the refusal of the Nawab to allow them to keep their forces there, the British did not with draw them.

4. What was the Doctrine of Lapse? Which kingdoms did the Company annex by applying this Doctrine?

Answer

The Doctrine of Lapse was the culmination of the Company’s territorial expansion policy. It was implemented by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. According to the

doctrine if an India ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would ‘lapse’, that is, become a part of Company territory. Several kingdoms were annexed by applying this doctrine – Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, Jhansi and Awadh.

5. How did the assumption of Diwani prove advantageous for the East India Company?

Answer

The assumption of Diwani was advantageous for the East India Company in many ways. The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. This solved a major problem that the Company had earlier faced. Its trade with India had expanded no doubt but it had to pay most of the

goods in India with gold and silver imported from Britain. The auto flow of these costly metals from Britain stopped after the assumption of Diwani now revenues from India could finance Company

expenses. These revenues could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain Company books and meet the cost of building the Company fort and offices at Calcutta.

6. Why was the East India Company worried about Russia in the late 1830s? What did the

Answer

In the late 1830s the East India Company became worried about Russia. It got feared that Russia might expand across India and enter India from the north-west. Hence, the British now wanted to secure their

control over the north-west. They fought a prolonged war with Afghanistan between 1838 and 1842 and established indirect Company ruler there. Sind was taken over in 1843. However, it took some time to

take over Punjab because of the resistance put by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. But after his death, it was annexed in 1849.

7. Give a brief description of all the three Anglo-Maratha wars. Also write the main consequences.

Answer

The Company waged a series of wars against the Marathas in order to crush Maratha power:

• In the first war there was no clear victor, hence it ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Salbai.

• The second Anglo-Maratha War began in 1803 and ended in 1805. This war was fought on different fronts resulting in the British gaining Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna river including Agra and Delhi.

• The third Anglo-Maratha War of 1817-1819 crushed Maratha power. The Peshwa was removed. The Company now had complete control over the territories south of the Vindhyas.

8. Write a brief note on Tipu Sultan.

Answer

Tipu Sultan was the famous ruler of Mysore. He ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799. Under his leadership Mysore became very powerful. It controlled the profitable trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In 1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of these items through the ports of his kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also developed relationship with the French in India to modernise his army with their help. The British got furious. They waged four battles against Tipu Sultan. The last battle proved unfortunate for him. He was killed depending his capital Seringapatam. The way he resisted the British is undoubtedly praiseworthy.

Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory Long Answer Questions (LAQs):

1. How did the East India Company begin trade in Bengal?

Answer

• The East India Company set up first English factory on the banks of the river Hugli in the year 1651 which became the base from which the Company’s traders, known at that time as ‘factors’, operated.

• The factory had a warehouse where goods for export were stored and it had offices where Company officials set. As trade expanded, the Company persuaded merchants and traders to come and settle near the factory.

• By 1696 the Company began to build a fort around the settlement. Two years later it bribed Mughal officials into giving the Company zamindari rights over three villages. One of these was Kalikata which later developed into a city, known as Calcutta.

• The Company also persuaded the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to issue a farman granting the Company the right to trade duty-free.

• The Company tried continuously to press for more concessions and manipulate existing privileges.

2. Why was the Battle of Plassey fought? What was its result?

Answer

The Battle of Plassey was fought when the conflicts between the Bengal nawabs and the Company got intensified. The Company did not like Sirajuddaulah because he was a strong nawab of Bengal. It wanted a prepped ruler in his place who would willingly give trade concessions and other privileges. For this purpose the Company tried to help one of Sirajuddaulah’s rivals become the nawab. This infuriated Sirajuddaulah. He asked the Company to stop meddling in the political affairs of his dominion, stop fortifications and pay the revenues. When the Company refused to do so the nawab market with 30,000 soldiers to the English factory at kasimbazar, captured the Company officials and

locked the warehouse. Then he marched to Calcutta where he was interrupted by the Company officials.

Finally, in 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey, known as the Battle of Plassey. Sirajuddaulah could not manage to win this battle because one of his commanders, named Mir Zafar supported Robert Clive by not fighting the battle. The victory of the Company in the Battle of Plassey strengthened its roots in the Indian soil. It was the first major victory the Company won in the country.

3. How did the Company expand its rule in India after the famous Battle of Buxar?

Answer

The East India Company crossed all limits in the process of annexation of Indian states that began in 1757 and continued till 1857. The Company rarely launched a direct military attack on an unknown territory. Instead it used a variety of political, economic and diplomatic methods to extend its influence before annexing an Indian kingdom:

• The Company appointed Residents in Indian states after the Battle of Buxar in 1764. Through the Residents, the Company officials began interfering in the internal affairs of Indian states. The Company forced the states into a ‘subsidiary alliance’ under which Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the subsidiary forces. It the Indian rulers failed to make to payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty. Awadh and Hyderabad were forced to code territories on this ground.

• Under the policy of ‘paramountcy’ the Company claimed that its authority was supreme and therefore its power was greater than that of Indian states. In order to protect its interests it was justified in annexing Indian states.

• Then there was the Doctrine of Lapse which declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would lapse that is, become part of Company territory. Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, Jhansi and Awadh were annexed under this policy.

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Chapter 1 How, When and Where mcqs & important question history | class 8th

How When and Where MCQ Questions Class 8 Social Science with Answers

Question. Who was the last Viceroy of India?
(a) Lord Canning
(b) Lord Mountbatten
(c) dtipon
(d) Lord Wellesley

Answer : B

Question. A list of historical events is given below. Choose the one where a precise date can be fixed.
(a) Start of Mughal Rule in India
(b) Start of British rule in India
(c) Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Start of Non- cooperation Movement

Answer : C

Question. When did Tipu Sultan became the ruler of Mysore?
(a) 1781
(b) 1780
(c) 1779
(d) 1782

Answer : D

Question. Autobiographies are account of people written by whom?
(a) Historians
(a) Calligraphists
(a) By other people
(a) Themselves

Answer : D

Question .Who was the Scottish economist and political philosopher during 1817?
(a) Wellesley
(b) James Princep
(c) Canning
(d) James Mill

Answer : D

Question. What do you mean by contemporary?
(a) The term refers to the future period.
(b) The term refers to the present period.
(c) The term refers to the past period.
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question. History is about finding out how things were in the past and how things have ________
(a) Changed
(b) Started
(c) Ended/completed
(d) Evolved

Answer : A

Question. Which one of the sources do historians use in writing about the last 250 years of Indian history?
(а) Official records of the French administration
(b) Official records of the British administration
(c) Official records of the Church administration
(d) None of the above

Answer : B

Question- Goddess _____ was a symbol of British power in India.
(a) Victoria
(b) Athena
(c) Britannia
(d) Elizabeth

Answer : C

Question. What is Imperialism?
(a) Imperialism is a political system
(b) Imperialism is a technical term
(c) Imperialism is a traditional system
(d) None of these

Answer : A

Question. How did many historians refer British period in India as?
(a) Modern
(b) Colonial
(c) Political subjugation
(d) None of these

Answer : B

Question- According to Mills, all ____ societies were of lower level.
(a) African
(b) Asian
(c) European
(d) American

Answer : B

Question. History is considered to be a study of _________________.
(a) The Future
(b) Comparisons
(c) The Past
(d) The Present

Answer : C

Question. James Mill was of the opinion that before British came to India, __________ruled the country.
(a) Hindus and Muslims
(b) Only Hindus
(c) Hindus, Muslims and Christians
(d) Only Muslims

Answer : A

Question. Which were not the sources of information of the British administration?
(a) Memos
(b) Reports
(c) Notes
(d) Diaries of Indians

Answer : D

Question. Historians believed that ‘Time does not have to be always _________ dated in terms of a particular year or month’.
(a) Abstruse
(b) Precise
(c) Ambiguous
(d) Imprecise

Answer : B

Question. Name the three volume work of James Mill, the Scottish economist and philosopher.
(a) Glimpses of India
(b) History of British India
(c) An ancient History of India
(d) Glimpses of British History

Answer : B

Question. When did the National Archives came up in India?
(a) 1875
(b) 1956
(c) 1920
(d) 1985

Answer : C

Question. At present about what Historians do not write?
(a) How people earned their livelihood
(b) What was produced
(c) How markets came up
(d) Kings and battles

Answer : C

Question- British documents were carefully copied by ____ during the 18th century.
(a) writer
(b) calligraphists
(c) military personal
(d) journalists

Answer : B

Question- According to Mills, ____ rule was capable of civilising Indian society.
(a) Hindu
(b) Muslim
(c) British
(d) French

Answer : C

Question. Where was National Archives in India located?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Madras
(c) Delhi
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. When Historians write History, they divide it into different chapters. Why?
(a) To give a neat look and presentation
(b) To give each chapter some coherence
(c) For easier selection of dates.
(d) To associate the events separately

Answer : B

Question. Pick out the statement that does not justify the significance of a timeline in History.
(a) A time line helps to identify the chronological occurrence of an event in a planned and arranged manner
(b) A timeline helps to keep information according to the sequence of events
(c) A timeline is not a graphical interpretation
(d) A timeline is organized according to the dates

Answer : C

Question. History is about finding out how things were in the past and how things have ________
(a) Changed
(b) Started
(c) Ended/completed
(d) Evolved

Answer : A

Question. Listed below are a few statements with respect to the British rule in India. Which one do you think is a wrong statement?
(a) British established control over the economy and society without changing the customs and practices prevalent in India
(b) British conquered the country and established their rule subjugating local nawabs and rajas
(c) British produced the crops they needed for export .
(d) British collected revenue to meet all the expenses bought goods they wanted at low prices

Answer : A

How, When and Where Extra Questions Chapter 1 Class 8 History

On this page you will get Chapter 1 How, When and Where Extra Questions for Class 8 History that will be helpful in answering all the important questions appear in the exams and improve your tally. Class 8 Extra Questions is one of the best way through which one can understand the concepts given in the chapter properly.

Chapter 1 How, When and Where Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQs):

1. Who was the last Viceroy of India?

Answer

Lord Mountbatten

2. Who prepared the first map and when?

Answer

James Rennel in 1782.

3. Who was James Mill?

Answer

He was a Scottish economist and a political philosopher who published a massive three volume work- A History of British India.

4. How did Mills divide Indian History?

Answer

Mills divided Indian History into three periods namely, Hindu, Muslim and British.

5. Why did the British establish botanical gardens?

Answer

To collect plant specimens and information about their uses.

6. Who was the first Governor General of India?

Answer

Warren Hastings.

7. Who wrote the book ‘The History of British India’?

Answer

‘The History of British India’ was written by James Mill.

8. Why did the British set up record rooms attached to all administrative institutions?

Answer

They did so to preserve important documents and letters there.

9. Why did the British establish botanical gardens?

Answer

The British established botanical gardens to collect plant specimens and information about their uses.

10. How do dates become important in history?

Answer

Dates become vital in history because we focus on a particular set of events as important.

11. Why do we divide history into different periods?

Answer

In an attempt to capture the characteristics of a time, its central features as they appear to us.

12. Why were revenue surveys conducted in the villages?

Answer

In the villages, revenue surveys were conducted to know the topography, the soil quality, the flora, the fauna, the local histories and the cropping patterns. These facts were necessary to administer the region.

13. What is the Botanical Survey of India?

Answer

The Botanical Survey of India (1351) is an institution set up by the Government of India in 1890 to survey the plant resources of the Indian empire.

14. What was an important aspect of the histories written by the British historians in India?

Answer

The rule of each Governor-General was an important aspect.

Chapter 1 How, When and Where Short Answer Questions (SAQs):

1. Why do we associate history with dates?

Answer

Because there was a time when history was an account of battles and big events.

• Historians wrote about the year a king was crowned, the year he married, the year he had a child, the year he fought a particular war, the year he died, and the year the next ruler succeeded to the throne.

• For these events specific dates can be determined, and dates continue to be important.

2. The periodisation of Indian history into ‘ancient’, ‘medieval’ and ‘modern’ has its own problems. What are these problems?

Answer

• It is a periodisation that is borrowed from the West where the modern period was associated with the growth of all the forces of modernity – science, reason, democracy, liberty and equality.

• Medieval was a term used to describe a society where these features of modern society did not exist.

• Under British rule or in modern period people did not have equality, freedom or liberty. Nor was the period one of economic growth and progress. It is therefore many historians refer to modem period as colonial period.

3. What do official records not tell? How do we come to know about them?

Answer

Official records do not always help us understand what other people in the country felt, and what lay behind their actions.

• For that we have diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims and travellers, autobiographies of important personalities, and popular books, etc. that were sold in the local bazaars.

• With the spread of printing press, newspapers came to be published and issues began to be debated in public. Leaders and reformers wrote to spread their ideas, poets and novelists wrote to express their feelings.

4. How did the British conquer India and establish their rule?

Answer

• The British subjugated local nawabs and rajas.

• They established control over the economy and society collected revenue to meet all their expenses, bought goods they wanted at lower prices and produced crops they needed for export.

• They brought changes in rulers and tastes, customs and practices.

5. What did the British do to preserve important official documents and letters?

Answer

The British felt the need to preserve all the important official documents and letters. For this, they set up record rooms attached to all administrative institutions. The village tahsildar’s office, the collectorate, the commissioner’s office, the provincial secretariats, the lawcourts—all had their record rooms. The British also established specialised institutions such as archives and museums to preserve important records.

Chapter 1 How, When and Where Long Answer Questions (LAQs):

1. Why were surveys carried out under the British Rule in India?

Answer

The British believed that a country had to be properly known before it could be effectively administered. Therefore, by the early nineteenth century detailed surveys were being carried out to map the entire country.:

• They conducted revenue surveys in villages.

• They made efforts to know the topography, the soil quality, the flora, the fauna, the local histories and the cropping pattern.

• They also introduced census operations, held at the interval of every ten years from the end of the 19th century. They prepared detailed records of the number of people in all the provinces of India, noting information on castes, religions and occupation separately.

• The British also carried on several other surveys such as botanical surveys, zoological surveys, archaeological surveys, forest surveys, etc. In this way, they gathered all the facts that were essential for administering a country.

2. Describe how the official records of the British administration helped historians to write about the last 250 years of Indian history.

Answer

The British believed that the act of writing was important. Hence, they got written up every instruction, plan, policy decision, agreement, investigation, etc. Once this was done, things could be properly studied and debated. This conviction produced an administrative culture of memos, notings and reports.

They were very interested in preserving all important documents and letters. For this, they established record rooms attached to all administrative institutions such as the village tahsildar’s office, the collectorate, law courts etc. They also set up archives and museums to preserve important records.

Letters and memos that moved from one branch of the administration to another in the early years of the nineteenth century can still be read in the archives. Historians can also take help from the notes and reports that district officials prepared or the instructions and directives that were sent by officials at the top to the provincial administrators.

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Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water mcqs & important questions science | class 8th

MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science: Ch 18 Pollution of Air and Water

1. The increase in concentration of which gas is not responsible for Global Warming?

(a) Sulphur dioxide

(b) Nitrogen

(d) Methane

► (b) Nitrogen

2. Last stage in treatment of sewage is

(a) Sterilization

(b) Evaporate

(d) Aeration

► (c) Chlorination

3. Identify the gas associated with greenhouse effect.

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Oxygen

(d) Sulphur dioxide

► (a) Carbon dioxide

4. Which of the following is not a green house gas?

(a) Water vapour

(b) Nitrogen gas

(d) Carbon dioxide

► (b) Nitrogen gas

5. Sea water is unfit for drinking because it contains

(a) Dead plants and animals

(b) Dissolved organic matter

(d) Large amount of salt

► (d) Large amount of salt

6. Which one is not an organic waste?

(a) DDT

(b) Paper

(d) Vegetable peels

► (a) DDT

7. CNG is a

(a) polluted fuel

(b) pollution free fuel

(d) None

► (b) pollution free fuel

8. Most polluted river in the world is:

(a) Yamuna

(b) Cavery

(d) Ganga

► (d) Ganga

9. Addition of harmful substance in water to make it unfit for human consumption is called

(a) Water pollution

(b) Biomagnifications

(d) Retardation

► (a) Water pollution

10. Trees help in reducing the pollution of our environment. Lakhs of trees are planted by people in the month of July every year. The occasion is called

(a) Forest Conservation Day

(b) Van Mahotsav

(d) Wildlife week

► (b) Van Mahotsav

11. Air pollution causes

(a) Global warming

(b) Respiratory diseases

(d) None of these

► (b) Respiratory diseases

12. The Taj Mahal is being affected due to:

(a) Noise pollution

(b) Air pollution

(d) None of these

► (b) Air pollution

13. Heat is reflected from the earth’s surface and trapped in the atmosphere. Which phenomena is being referred to?

(a) Global warming

(b) Ozone depletion

(d) Thermal pollution

► (c) Greenhouse effect

14. Green house gas is

(a) Nitrogen

(b) Oxygen

(d) Carbon dioxide

► (d) Carbon dioxide

15. Which of the following does NOT cause air pollution?

(a) Increasing forest reserves

(b) Using pesticides in farms

(d) Quarrying for limestone

► (a) Increasing forest reserves

16. The phenomenon of marble cancer is due to

(a) Soot particles

(b) CFCs

(d) Fog

► (c) Acid rain

17. Which one is a common source of drinking water?

(a) Spring water

(b) Ocean water

(d) River and lake

► (d) River and lake

18. The water that is purified and fit for drinking is called

(a) Potable water

(b) Pure water

(d) Saline water

► (a) Potable water

19. Finer hair inside the nose

(a) Filter the microbes

(b) Prevent the water vapour

(d) Prevent the carbon dioxide gas

► (c) Filter the dust particle

20. The substance that pollute the natural substance is called

(a) Magnifier

(b) Fertilizers

(d) Reactant

► (c) Pollutant

21. How are monuments of marble destroyed?

(a) By sulphur dioxide pollution.

(b) By carbon monoxide pollution.

(d) By dust particles.

► (a) By sulphur dioxide pollution.

22. Which of these is the major air pollutant in cities like Delhi and Kolkata?

(a) Carbon monoxide

(b) Hydrocarbons

(d) Oxides of nitrogen

► (c) Suspended particulate matter

23. How are lead particles released into the air?

(a) By burning coal in thermal power stations

(b) By burning petrol in automobiles

(d) By burning LPG for cooking

► (b) By burning petrol in automobiles

24. From which of the following bad effects does the ozone layer in our atmosphere protect us?

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) CFC’s

(d) All of the above

► (c) The sun’s ultraviolet rays

25. Chlorofluorocarbon is used in

(a) Refrigerators

(b) Air conditioners

(d) All

► (d) All

Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Extra Questions and Answers Pollution of Air and Water

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water with Answers Solutions

Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is cause for starting of melting of Gangotri glacier?
Answer:
Global warming

Question 2.
Which health problem arises by air pollution?
Answer:
Respiratory problems like asthma, breathlessness, bronchitis, etc.

Question 3.
What is global warming?
Answer:
Increasing temperature in atmosphere.

Question 4.
Which gas is responsible for depletion of ozone layer?
Answer:
Chloroflurocarbons (CFC’s).

Question 5.
What does SPM stand for?
Answer:
Solid particulate matter.

Question 6.
What is the role of activated charcoal in purification of water?
Answer:
It removes finest particles suspended in water.

Question 7.
Name a greenhouse gas.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (any one)

Question 8.
What is the formula of ozone?
Answer:
O₃

Question 9.
Name the agents that pollute air and water.
Answer:
Pollutants

Question 10.
Name the main air polluting gases.
Answer:
Sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.

Question 11.
Which radiations are absorbed by CO₂?
Answer:
Infrared radiations

Question 12.
Define eutrophication.
Answer:
Enrichment of water bodies with nutrients like nitrates and phosphates is known as eutrophication.

Question 13.
Name one major source of water pollution.
Answer:
Untreated sewage

Question 14.
What is the function of ozone layer?
Answer:
Ozone layer protects us from ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Question 15.
Name diseases spread through drinking of contaminated water.
Answer:
Diarrhoea, typhoid, etc.

Question 16.
When was the Ganga action plan launched?
Answer:
In 1985

Question 17.
What is smog?
Answer:
The combination of smoke and fog is basically known as smog.

Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What do you mean by water pollution?
Answer:
When water get contaminated by unwanted substances which have a harmful effect on both living and non-living things is referred to as water pollution.

Question 2.
What is the greenhouse effect?
Answer:
The reflected sun rays are trapped by the earth’s atmosphere. The trapped radiation warms the earth.
This process by which the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere rises is called greenhouse effect.

Question 3.
What are the main causes of air pollution?
Answer:
Following are the main causes of air pollution:

Poisonous gases which are expelled by various industries.
Gases emitted by vehicles.
Smoke and dust which are arising day by day due to human activities.
Smoke emitted by forest fire.

Question 4.
What do you mean by air pollution?
Answer:
When air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have a harmful effect on both living and non¬living things then it is referred as air pollution.

Question 5.
What are the factors that are responsible for water pollution?
Answer:
Water gets polluted when unwanted and harmful substances are added to the water. Discharging of untreated sewage into the river, leaching of chemicals from agricultural practices and industries, oil spills, etc., causes water pollution.

Question 6.
What are the harmful effects of global warming?
Answer:
Following are the harmful effects of global warming:

It will increase the earth’s temperature.
Increase in earth’s temperature may lead to rise in sea level due to melting of glaciers.
Rise in sea level will flood the coastal and low-lying areas.
Global warming may lead to extreme weather other than cold or heat extremes.
It may also affect many flora and fauna which are sensitive to temperature and their extinction.

Question 7.
Which factors decides quality of potable water?
Answer:
Potable water is clear, tasteless, odourless, have no contaminants and right pH. It has no harmful minerals or their level is too low to affect human health.

Question 8.
What’is global warming?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is increasing day by day and it is a warm gas, which increases the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. It is called global warming.

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Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System mcqs & important questions science | class 8th

MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science: Ch 17 Stars and the Solar System

1. Which planet has the largest number of satellites?

(a) Jupiter

(b) Saturn

(d) Mars

► (b) Saturn

2. The Halley’s Comet is seen after every
(a) 76 months
(b) 76 years
(c) 56 months
(d) 56 years
► (b) 76 years

3. Which is the largest, natural satellite in the solar system?

(a) The moon
(b) lo
(c) Eros
(d) Ganymede

► (d) Ganymede

4. White is the time-period of revolution of Halley

(a) 25 years

(b) 80 years

(d) 76 years

► (d) 76 years

5. Farthest planet of the solar system is:

(a) Neptune

(b) Jupiter

(d) Earth

► (a) Neptune

6. Sky is not clear in cities due to

(a) Dust and smoke

(b) More population

(d) Larger area

► (a) Dust and smoke

7. The celestial body nearest to the earth is

(a) Venus

(b) The Sun

(d) The moon

► (d) The moon

8. Of which element is ozone made?

(a) Oxygen

(b) Nitrogen

(d) Carbon and oxygen

► (a) Oxygen

9. Neptune have very low temperature due to

(a) Far distance from sun

(b) Presence of oxygen

(d) Glacier on its surface

► (a) Far distance from sun

10. Star appear small because

(a) They are very far

(b) They have dim light

(d) They reflect the Sun

► (a) They are very far

11. Which of the following is the brightest non-star visible to the human eye?

(a) Moon

(b) Venus

(d) Jupiter

► (a) Moon

12. ISRO stands for

(a) Indian Science Research Organization

(b) International Science Research Organization

(d) Inter State Research Organization

► (c) Indian Space Research Organization

13. The path of planet around the sun is called its

(a) Orbit

(b) Spin

(d) Revolution

► (a) Orbit

14. Celestial bodies that emit heat and light in one year are called

(a) Asteroids

(b) Planets

(d) Stars

► (d) Stars

15. The various shapes of bright part of moon is called

(a) Parts of moon

(b) Ring of moon

(d) Phases of moon

► (d) Phases of moon

16. A planet which appears yellowish:

(a) Saturn

(b) Mars

(d) Venus

► (d) Venus

17. Where is a spy satellite deployed?

(a) Low-earth orbit

(b) Geostationary orbit

(d) Both (a) and (b)

► (a) Low-earth orbit

18. A piece of rock which burns as it falls through the earth atmosphere is

(a) Meteoroids

(b) Asteroids

(d) Meteor

► (c) Meteorite

19. Millions of stars together form

(a) Solar system

(b) Galaxy

(d) Comet

► (b) Galaxy

20. Identify the closest star to our solar system.

(a) Proxima centauri

(b) Sirius

(d) Ashwini

► (a) Proxima centauri

21. Which of the following is not a celestial body?

(a) Satellite

(b) Star

(d) Planets

► (a) Satellite

22. The gap between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter is called

(a) Asteroid

(b) Comets

(d) Meteorite

► (a) Asteroid

23. To which of the following category does Orion belong?

(a) Star

(b) Planet

(d) Constellation

► (d) Constellation

24. What kind of a planet is Jupiter?

(a) Terrestrial planet

(b) Gas planet

(d) Hottest planet

► (b) Gas planet

25. The brightest object in clear night sky is

(a) Venus

(b) Sun

(d) Star

► (c) Moon

Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Extra Questions and Answers Stars and the Solar System

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Friction with Answers Solutions

Stars and the Solar System Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Name the planet nearest to the Sun.
Answer:
Mercury

Question 2.
What is the speed of light?
Answer:
300000 km per second (3 x 10⁸ m/s).

Question 3.
Which is the brightest planet in the night sky?
Answer:
Venus

Question 4.
Name the star which is nearest to our solar system.
Answer:
Alpha centuari

Question 5.
Which planets do not have satellite of their own?
Answer:
Venus and Mercury

Question 6.
How many planets are there in our solar system?
Answer:
Eight

Question 7.
Which planet is called Red planet?
Answer:
Mars

Question 8.
Why Earth appears blue from space?
Answer:
Due to presence of water Earth appears blue from space.

Question 9.
What is the other name of Orion?
Answer:
Hunter

Question 10.
Which planet is least dense among all?
Answer:
Saturn

Question 11.
Do stars emit light only during night time?
Answer:
No, they emit light all the time.

Question 12.
Name the unit which is used to measure astronomical distances?
Answer:
Light year

Question 13.
What is asteroid?
Answer:
Asteroid is a small rocky body orbiting the sun or found between the orbit of Mars or Jupiter.

Question 14.
Which is the other name of constellation Great Bear?
Answer:
Saptarishi

Question 15.
What is Sun?
Answer:
Sun is a star.

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