Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution notes class 8th civics

Topics in the Chapter • Need of Constitution in a country • Key Features of Indian Constitution → Introduction → Various Key Features of Indian Constitution • Fundamental RightsWhy Does a Country Need a Constitution? • A Constitution helps serve

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Chapter 6 Human Resource notes class 8th geography

Introduction • People with their demands and abilities are considered as Human Resources. • Human resources like other resources are not equally distributed over the world.→ They differ in their educational levels, age and sex. Their numbers and characteristics also

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Chapter 5 Industries notes class 8th geography

Introduction • Secondary activities or manufacturing change raw materials into products of more value to people.→ Example: Pulp changed into paper and paper into a note book. • Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals

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Chapter 4 Agriculture notes class 8th geography

Introduction • India is an agriculturally important country as two-thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities. Types of Farming • There are various types of farming systems in different parts of India are: → Primitive Subsistence Farming: It

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Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources notes class 8th geography

Mineral • A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral. • Minerals are not equally distributed over space. • Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions.  • They are created

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Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources notes class 8th geography

Introduction • Natural Resources are anything that people can use which comes from nature such as land, water, air etc Land • One of the most important natural resources • Covers about thirty percent of the total area of the earth’s surface,

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Chapter 1 Resources Class notes class 8th grography

Topics in the Chapter • Resources • Types of Resources → Natural Resources → Human Made Resources → Human Resources • Conserving Resources → Resource Conservation → Sustainable Development Resources • Definition: Anything that can be used to satisfy a need

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Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement  notes class 8th history

The Emergence of Nationalism • India was the people of India where all the people irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language, or gender resides. • The British were exercising control over the resources of India. • The political associations were started forming after 1850,

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Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts notes class 8th history

Colonial rule introduced several new art forms, styles, materials and techniques which were creatively adapted by Indian artists for local patrons and markets, in both elite and popular circles. The changes were seen primarily on paintings and printmaking. New Forms

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Chapter 9 Women, Caste and Reform notes class 8th history

Introduction Early Years • Before two hundred years, society was totally different. • Most children were married off at an early age. • Both Hindu and Muslim men could marry more than one wife. • ‘Sati Pratha’ (a widow burn herself

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