Chapter 1 The Best Christmas Present in the World Summary Notes Class 8th English Honeydew

Summary of the Chapter in English The narrator of the story went to a junk shop and purchased a roll-top desk which was in bad condition. The narrator started its repairing on Christmas Eve and found a letter in its

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Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice notes class 8th civics

To protect people from exploitation the government makes certain laws. These laws try to ensure that the unfair practices are kept at a minimum in the markets. To ensure that workers are not underpaid but are paid fairly, minimum wages

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chapter 9 public facilities notes class 8th civics

Public facilities are the facilities provided to the people by the government. They are important to sustain and lead a comfortable life. Water and the People of Chennai: Mr. Ramgopal lives in Anna Nagar, Chennai. This area looks lush and

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Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation Class notes class 8th civics

OBC (Other Backward Classes) The weaker sections of the society other than the Schedule Castes and Scheduled Tribes are called the Other Backward Classes (OBCs). The Kaka Kelkar Commission which gave its report for OBCs in 1953’s was accepted by

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Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation notes class 8th civics

MARGINALISED SECTIONS. A marginal group is one that does not belong or which dwells at the margin of two cultures and two societies and possesses a marginal mentality with its unresolved identity crises.” It is first seen as a distinctive

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Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System  notes class 8th civics

Key Players of Our Criminal Justice System • The four key players in the criminal justice system are:→ the police,→ the Public Prosecutor→ the defence lawyer→ the judge What is the Role of the Police in Investigating a Crime? •

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Chapter 5 Judiciary notes class 8th civics

What is the Role of the Judiciary? • Judiciary work is divided into the following types: → Dispute Resolution: The judicial system resolves disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments and between the centre and state

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Chapter 4 Understanding Laws Class 8 Notes class 8th civics

Do Laws Apply to All? • All persons in independent India are equal before the law. → The law cannot discriminate between persons on the basis of their religion, caste or gender. • Any crime or violation of law has

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Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament? notes class 8th civics

Why should People Decide? • The harsh experience of colonial rule as well as the participation of different people in the strugglefor freedom made the nationalists that all persons in independent India would be able to participate in making decisions. •

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Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism notes class 8th civics

What is Secularism? • Secularism refers to this separation of religion from the State. Why is it Important to Separate Religion from the State? • The separation of religion from State power is important for a country to function democratically.

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