Class 8th Notes

CBSE Class 8 English The Treasure Within Summary

Short Summary

The Treasure within is written by Nissim Ezekiel. The lesson is about Mr. Hafeez Contractor who is an eminent architect. He is was not good at studies. His inclination was more towards sports. Also, he got punishments from the teachers. He was the leader of a gang and indulged in gang fights. On the advice of his principal, he started to study and scored 50 percent marks in SSC.

He took admission in Jai Hind College and then came in touch with an architect who was his cousin’s husband. The architect realized that he was talented and asked him to join the college of architecture. He passed the exams in first class and is today one of the most successful architect in the country.

The Treasure Within Summary in English

The treasure Within is an interview. It is based on a conversation between Ms. Bela Raja, Editor of a Newsletter and Hafeez Contractor, one of India’s leading architects. Every child is capable of doing big things. He can become a hero in the area of his interest. What is needed most is to discover his talent or aptitude. Hafeez is a living example of such a hero.

Hafeez Contractor is today India’s leading architect. But he was unhappy and careless at school. He loved doing things and hated mechanical learning. He used to have terrible dreams about appearing for a maths examination in which he knew nothing at all. When he reached the third standard, he lost interest in studies. He took interest in games and playing practical jokes on others. He passed all the school exams by using unfair means.

But, later, one sentence spoken to him by his Principal changed his life. He was in the 11th standard then. The Principal said that Hafeez was a good student, but had little interest in studies. He (the principal had taken care of him till that day but now he could no longer take care of him He should study hard. Only sports won’t take him far. He took his final examination. He could never get more than second class.

No doubt he was pulled up by his teachers at school. He received a caning every week for not doing homework or for his bad behaviour. Caning did hurt him badly, but he forgot about it soon when he was in playground. Every Saturday he went to see a movie. He was the leader of a gang of boys and took part in going fights. He used to open his textbooks only on the day just before exams.

How then he could become an architect? Hafeez told the interviewer that he wanted to join the army or the police force. But his mother told him to do his graduation first. So he joined Jaihind College in Bombay. There he studied French for seven years without learning anything. He later learnt this language from his cousin, an architect’s wife.

It so happened that Hafeez saw somebody drawing a window detail. He told the man that the window won’t open. He had a bet and he won it. His cousin’s husband asked him to design a house and he did it. He then asked Hafeez to join architecture. And Hafeez got first position in the entrance test in that college of architecture. He thinks that all his qualities grew from what he used to play and do during school.

He admitted frankly that he was bad at languages. He was also poor in maths. Gifted boys are said to be poor in learning. Class toppers often do very ordinarily later on. He himself could sketch on the spot. He judged the taste of a client from his way of talking and eating. Hafeez always hated maths. But now as an architect he loves that subject.

The Treasure Within Summary in Hindi

हर बच्चा महान कार्यों को करने में सर्य होता है। वह अपनी रुचि के क्षेत्र में हीरो या नायक बन सकता है। जरुरत इस बात की है कि उसकी प्रतिभा या रुचि को खोज लिया जाये! हफीज इस प्रकार के नायक का जीवंत उदाहरण है।

हफीज कंट्रेक्टर आज भारत के सर्वोच्च शिल्पकारों में से एक है। पर स्कूल में वह लापरवाह तेथा दुःखी रहता था। उसे काम करने में तो आनन्द आता था पर यंत्रवत पाउ याद करने में नहीं। उसे डरावने सपने आते कि वह गणित की परीक्षा दे रहा है पर उसे आता जाता कुछ भी नहीं है। जब वह तीसरी कक्षा में था तो पढ़ाई में उसकी रुचि समाप्त हो गई। उसका ध्यान तो खेल कूद तथा दूसरों के साथ मजाक करने में रहता था। उसने सभी स्कूली परीक्षायें नकल करके पास की।

पर बाद में उसके प्रिंसिपल द्वारा उसको बोले गये एक वाक्य ने उसके जीवन में परिवर्तन ला दिया। वह उस समय 11वीं कक्षा में था! प्राचार्य बोले, हफीज, तुम एक अच्छे बालक हो पर तुम्हारी रुचि पढ़ाई-लिखाई में बिल्कुल नहीं है। केवल खेल कूद के सहारे तुम जीवन में प्रगति नहीं कर पाओग। उसनं वाषक परीक्षा दी। वह कभी भी द्वितीय श्रेणी से ऊँची श्रेणी में उर्तीण नहीं हुआ।

नि:संदेह स्कूली शिक्षक उसके कान खींचा करते थे। उसे हर सप्ताह होमवर्क न करने अथवा कोई शैतानी करने के कारण बेंत खाने पड़ते थे। बेंत उसे काफी चोट तो पहुँचाती थी पर वह इसे शीघ्र ही भुलाकर खेल के मैदान में चला जाता था। हर शनिवार को वह एक फिल्म देखने जाता था। वह बालकों के गिरोह का सरगना भी था तथा झगड़े फसाद करता रहता था। वह अपनी पाठ्य पुस्तकें तो परीक्षा के ठीक एक दिन पूर्व ही खोलता था।

फिर वह इतना बड़ा शिल्पकार किस प्रकार से बन गया? हफीज ने साक्षात्कार करने वाले को बताया कि वह तो सैनिक बनना चाहता था अथवा सिपाही। पर उसकी माँ ने उसे बोला पहले ग्रेजुएट हो जाओ। इस कारण उसने बम्बई के जयहिन्द कॉलेज में प्रवेश ले लिया। वहाँ सात वर्षों तक उसने फ्रेंच भाषा पढ़ी पर वह उसे सीख नहीं पाया। बाद में उसने फ्रेंच भाषा अपनी चचेरी बहन से सीखी जिसका पति एक शिल्पकार था।

संयोग ऐसा हुआ कि हफीज ने किसी को खिड़की का मॉडल (प्रारूप) बनाते देखा। उसने उसे बताया कि तुम्हारी खिड़की तो खुल ही नहीं पायेगी। उसने शर्त लगा ली और जीत गया। उसकी बहन के पति ने उसे एक घर का नक्शा बनाने को कहा और हफीज ने बना दिया। फिर उसने हफीज को बोला कि शिल्प विद्यालय में प्रवेश ले लो। और हफीज ने प्रवेश परीक्षा में सर्वोच्च स्थान पाया। उसे विश्वास है कि उसकी सारी समझ उन खेलों के माध्यम से विकसित हुई जो वह स्कूल के दौरान खेला तथा किया करता था।

हफीज ने स्पष्ट स्वीकार किया कि उसे भाषा सीखना मुश्किल लगता था। वह गणित में भी कमजोर था। प्राकृतिक प्रतिभा सम्पन्न बालक प्रायः पढ़ाई लिखाई में कमजोर होते हैं। कक्षा में प्रथम रहने वाले बालक बड़े होने पर बहुत कम चमक पाते हैं। वह स्वयं हाथ के हाथ नक्शे का रेखाचित्र बना दिया करता था। वह अपने ग्राहक की रुचि का अनुमान उसके बातें करने तथा भोजन करने के तरीके से लगा लेता है। हमेशा ही हफीज को गाणित से घृणा रहती थी! पर आज शिल्पकार के रुप में उसी गणित से उसे प्यार हो गया।

CBSE Class 8 English The Selfish Giant Summary

Short Summary

The author of this lesson is Oscar Wilde. The message of the story is co-existence and spreading love. It is a story of a young boy who was a messenger of God and a selfish giant. The giant would not allow the children to play in his garden. Thus, there was always winter in his garden.

Seeing this young boy, he realized that he was being selfish. Thus, he allowed the children to play in his garden and also played with them. After years, the giant became very weak. At that time, this young boy came and took him along with him to paradise.

The Selfish Giant Summary in English

The story starts with the children playing in the garden of the Giant every afternoon after coming from school. The garden was lovely, large, with soft grass, and fruit trees. The trees bore rich fruits and birds sang sweetly sitting on them.

One day after seven years the giant came back. He was staying with his friend, the Cornish Ogre. The children were scared to see him. He saw the children playing and said that he would not allow anyone to play here as it was his own garden. He built a wall around it and also put a notice board. The notice board displayed a warning on it, ‘Trespassers will be prosecuted’.

The children became sad as they had no other place to play. They would wander around the high walls of the garden and remember the beautiful garden inside them.

The spring season came and there were blossoms and little birds all around. But it was winter in the giant’s garden and there were frost and snow. In the absence of children birds also did not sing. Once a flower bloomed out of the grass but after seeing the notice board, it also went back to sleep. Then came the North Wind and the hailstorm. Due to the giant’s selfishness, autumn’s golden fruits also did not come to his garden.

Then one morning, the giant heard sweet and lovely music. It was a linnet singing outside his window. The hail and the North Wind stopped and he could feel the spring. He saw that the children came into his garden through a little hole. The children were sitting on the branches of trees and the trees were blossoming. He also saw the birds flying and hear them chirping. The flowers had also come up.

But, to his surprise, in one corner there was still winter. He saw that there a young boy was standing and he was not able to reach the branches of trees. The tree lowered its branches but still, he could not climb.

At this scene, his heart melted. He realized that he was really very selfish. He decided to put that boy on the top of the tree, pull down the walls, and allow children to play here forever. But when the children saw him, they ran away and the garden became winter again. However, that little boy did not run as he was weeping. The giant put him on the top of the tree and the tree blossomed at once. He kissed the giant.

The other children realizing that the giant is not wicked came back. The spring came back with them. The giant used to play with the children ever afternoon but that little boy was nowhere to be seen. As the years went by, he grew very weak. One winter morning, he saw a lovely tree with white blossoms in a corner. The branches of the tree were golden and the little boy stood under it.

The boy was wounded which made the giant very angry. He told the boy that he will slay the man who has harmed him. The boy told him that these were the wounds of love. The boy smiled and asked the giant to come to his garden. Later, the children found the giant dead under the tree covered with white blossoms

The Selfish Giant Summary in Hindi

दानव का बगीचा काफी सुन्दर था। बच्चों को वहाँ खेलने में आनन्द आता था। हर शाम जब वे स्कूल से लौटते वे उस विशाल, मोहक बाग में जहाँ फूल तथा फल के वृक्ष थे, प्रवेश कर जाते थे।

पर दानव बहुत स्वार्थी था। एक दिन वह सात वर्षों तक अपने किसी मित्र के पास ठहरने के बाद घर लौटा। उसने बच्चों को बगीचे में खेलते पाया। उसने उन्हें क्रोध पूर्वक डाँटा। बच्चे डटकर भाग गये! दानव ने निर्णय किया कि वह किसी भी अन्य व्यक्ति को अपने बगीचे में खेलने नहीं देगा। इस विचार से उसने बगीचे के चारों ओर एक ऊँची चारदीवारी अमवा दी। उसने एक सूचना पट्टिका भी लटका दी कि कोई भी बाहरी व्यक्ति यदि बगीचे में प्रवेश किया तो उसे दण्डित किया जायेगा।

बेचारे बच्चों के पास खेल का कोई अन्य मैदान न था। वे धूल भरी तथा पशरोली सड़क पर खेलना पसन्द नहीं करते थे।

फिर बसंत ऋतु सारे देश में आ गई। पर स्वार्थी दानव के बगीचे में तब भी शोत ऋतु बनी रहीं। न कोई फूल खिले, न ही कोई पक्षी वहाँ गाता पाया गया। वहाँ आने वाले तो केवल हिम तथा तुषार ही थे जिन्होंने सभी वृक्षों को सफेद रंग से ढंक दिया था। ठण्डी उत्तरी पवन वहाँ सारा दिन दहाड़ने लगी। उसने ओलों को भी आमंत्रित कर लिया।

दानव हैरान था कि बसंत उसके बगीचे के बाहर से ही क्यों गुजर जाता है। वहाँ तो हमेशा शीत ऋतु बनी रहती है।

एक प्रात: उसे एक गायक पक्षी का स्वर खिड़की के बाहर से आता सुनाई दिया। वह बिस्तर से उछल कर खड़ा हो गया तथा बाहर दृष्टि दौड़ाई। उसे एक अद्भुत दृश्य दिखाई दिया। बच्चे बगीचे को चारदीवारी में बने छोटे छेद से अन्दर आ गये थे। वे वृक्षों की शाखाओं पर बैठे थे। वन वृक्षों ने उनका फूलों से अभिवादन किया। केवल एक कोने में अभी भी शीत ऋतु थी। एक छोटा बालक वृक्ष के चारों ओर घूमता हुआ रो रहा था। वह इतना छोटा था कि वृक्ष पर चढ़ नहीं सकता था। वह उस छोटे बालक को देखना चाहता था जिसे उसने वृक्ष की शाखा पर बिठाया था। लेकिन वह छोटा बालक जा चुका था।

दानव का दिल द्रवित हो गया। वह बगीचे में गया। बच्चे उसे देखते ही भाग गये। बगीच में गुन: बर्फ फैल गई। पर जब दानव ने छोटे बालक को वृक्ष की एक शाखा पर बिठाया, तो वृक्ष फूलों से लद गया। बालक ने दानव के गले में बांह डाल दो तथा उसे प्यार किया। अन्य बच्चों ने दानव के व्यवहार में आये परिवर्तन को देखा! इस कारण वे भी वापिस आ गये। दानव ने चारदीवारी तोड़ दी तथा बच्चों वं साथ खेलने लगा। वह उस छोटे बालक को देखना चाहता था जिसे वृक्ष की शाखा पर बिठाया था। लेकिन वह छोटा बालक जा : का था।

अनेक वर्ष बीत गये और वह कमजोर और बूढ़ा हो गया। उसे लगा कि बच्चे ही सबसे अधिक सुन्दर फूल होते हैं।

जाड़े की एक सुबह दानव ने एक वृक्ष को सफेद फूलों तथा चाँदी जैसे फलों से लदा देखा। उसी के नीचे वह छोटा बालक खड़ा था। दानव दौड़ कर बालक के निकट गया। उसने बालक की हथेलियों एवं पैरों पर कील ठोके जाने से बने दो धाव देखे। वह क्रोध से चिल्ला उठा कि मैं उस क्रूर व्यक्ति की जान ले लूँगा। पर बच्चे ने हँस कर कहा कि ये घाव तो प्यार के घाव हैं। उसने आगे कहा कि वह तो उसे अपने बगीचे, जो स्वर्ग है, में ले जाने के लिए आया है। दानव का मृत शरीर दोपहर में वृक्ष के नीचे पाया गया।

CBSE Class 8 English Children at Work Summary

Short Summary

The author of this story is Geeta Wolf. It is a sensitive story of a boy Velu who has run from his house. Velu’s father was a drunkard and used to beat him every day. After running from his home, he reached Chennai. Here, he found a girl, Jaya, who took him along with her to her house. Jaya was a ragpicker. She arranged food for Velu and also gave him shelter in her house. Eventually, Velu also became a ragpicker. But, he decided that he will quit this job as soon as he finds something better.

Children at Work Summary in English

This story revolves around an eleven years old boy, Velu. Velu ran away from his house as his father was a drunkard. His father snatched away all the money that he and his sister earned and would beat them. Being fed up with this everyday beating, he decided to run away from home. After roaming around in Coonoor for a whole day, he got into Kanyakumari express. He got into the train without a ticket as he had no money.

He reached Chennai Central station. Velu saw that there were a lot of people all around who are in a hurry. He could also hear the announcements from the loudspeaker. Velu had traveled in an unreserved coach where people were playing cards and screaming the whole night. Thus, he was unable to sleep and was feeling weak. Also, his legs were trembling. He was feeling lonely in a new place and sat on a bench.

A little girl, Jaya saw him and talked to him. Jaya was a ragpicker. Initially, he was hesitant to talk to her but she told him that she can arrange food for him. Thus, as he had no option, he agreed to go along with her. She took her through the busy streets and traffic. Velu was a bit scared to see so many vehicles on the road. As they passed by the Central Jail, Jaya warned him to never get caught by the police.

They finally reached to a marriage hall. Jaya found two bananas and vada in the garbage bin. She offered food to Velu but he was hesitant to eat it. Being hungry he had no other choice to eat it. Jaya gave a vada and a banana to Velu and ate a banana herself. After having food, she took him to her house. It was a slum house. It was made from the waste materials such as old tires, plastic sheets, and bricks.

Jaya gave a sack to Velu too and asked him to help her. She explained to him that she picks all the scrap materials from here and there and then sells them to the scrapper. The scrapper sells them to the factories. thus, Velu also became a ragpicker now. However, he decided that as soon as he gets some other job, he will quit this job of a ragpicker.

Moral: The story teaches us to behave properly with the children so that they do not take such extreme steps. It also teaches us that we shall help such children.

Children at Work Summary in Hindi

बच्चों से पैसा कमाने के लिये कई प्रकार के काम कराये जाते हैं। कुछेक तो अपने परिवार के लिए रोजी-रोटी कमाते हैं। अनेक बच्चे अपने कष्टपूर्ण घरों से भाग निकलते हैं और उन्हें अपना पेट स्वंय भरना पड़ता है। वे किसी स्कूल में नहीं जाते।

वेलू 11 वर्ष का बालक था। वह अपने घर से भाग निकला क्योंकि उसके पिता शराबी थे। वह उससे तथा उसकी बहन से पैसा छीन कर शराब पी जाते थे तथा उन्हें पीटते भी थे।

कन्याकुमारी एक्सप्रेस चेन्नई स्टेशन पर आकर रुकी। वेलू उतर गया और एक बेंच पर बैठ गया। इससे पहले उसने कभी भी इतनी बड़ी संख्या में लोगों को अपने असबाब के साथ नहीं देखा था। शोर भी भयानक था। वह थका, दुःखी और भूखा था। उसकी गठरी में एक कमीज, एक तौलिया तथा एक कंघा था। उसके पास न पैसा था, न ही टिकट। उसने दरवाजे के पास ही फर्श पर सोने की कोशिश की। उसे किसी अपनी ही आयु की लड़की की भारी आवाज सुनाई दी। लड़की के कंधे पर एक बड़ी सी बोरी या थैली थी। वह जूठे प्लास्टिक कप इकट्ठा करके बोरी में रखती जा रही थी। उसका नाम था जया। वह वेलू के पास बैठ गई। वह बोली वह उसके खाने की व्यवस्था कर सकती है। वह जाने के लिये खड़ी हो गई। वेलू के पास भी ठहरने का कोई अन्य ठिकाना न था। इस कारण वह लड़की के पीछे भाग चला।

दोनों ही सड़क पर आ गये। धुऐं और धूल से वेलू का सिर घूमने लगा। लड़की उसे खींचकर सड़क के दूसरी ओर ले गई। वह उसे एक पुल पर ले गयी। वेलू ने रेलिंग के नीचे झाँककर सड़क पर नजर डाली जो शहर की ओर जा रही थी, तथा दूर पर वेलू को विशाल भवन दिखाई दिये। जया ने चेतावनी दी कि कभी पुलिस के हत्थे न चढ़ जाना नहीं तो जेल पहुँच जाओगे। वेलू के नंगे पाँव तपती कोलतार की सड़क पर चलने से जलने लगे थे।

अंत में वे एक बड़े भवन के सामने रुके। वहाँ अन्दर कोई विवाह का आयोजन हो रहा था। हॉल के पीछे एक कूड़ेकचरे का डब्बा रखा था। लड़की ने उस कचरे से एक दबा हुआ केला तथा एक बड़ा उठाकर वेलू को खाने के लिये दे दिया। वेलू ने अनिच्छापूर्वक उन्हें खा लिया। उसने अब बेहतर महसूस किया। लड़की अपने घर की ओर जा रही थी ताकि वहाँ भरा थैला रख दे और एक खाली बोरी ले लें।

जया और वेलू एक गंदे नाले के ऊपर बने पुल पर से गुजरे। वे एक कतार में बने झोंपड़ों के पास पहुँचे जो लकड़ी, प्लास्टिक तथा लोहे की चादरों से बने थे। यही जया का इलाका था। जया ने अपना थैला वहीं रख दिया तथा एक जोड़ी पुराने जूते, एक थैला और एक छड़ी वेलू को भी पकड़ा दिया। वेलू समझ नहीं पा रहा था कि जया उससे क्या काम करवाना चाहती है। जया ने बताया कि वे लोग कचरे में से चीजें निकालने वाले हैं। वे उस कचरे से कागज, प्लास्टिक तथा शीशे की चीजें निकाल कर जग्गू कबाड़ी को बेच देते हैं।

वेलू के पास दूसरा विकल्प न था। उसने भी कचरे से चीजें निकालने का काम स्वीकार कर लिया जब तक कि उसे कोई बेहतर काम नहीं मिल जाता।

Short Summary

This is a story by Sir Rudyard Kipling. It is a fable. This is a story about a lazy camel. He would not work and would just say ‘Humph!’ to everyone who asked him to work. The horse, the dog, and the ox went to him to ask him to work. But he did not listen to them.

All three had to work double-time due to this. Thus, they decided to complain about the camel to the Djinn of All Deserts. When the camel did not listen to the Djinn also, he punished him by giving him a hump. With the help of this hump, a camel can now work for three days without even eating or drinking.

How the Camel Got His Hump Summary in English

At the beginning of the world, various animals started to work under the subjugation of man. There was a camel who was fed on sticks, thorns, and prickles was living in the middle of a Howling Desert. He was not interested in doing any work. Even if he was asked, his only reply was Humph.

On Monday, a horse approached with the saddle on his back and asked him to trot like the rest of them. The camel gave him a cold reply and said ‘Humph’. The horse went away and informed the man. Then came a dog with a stick in his mouth. He asked him to come along to do some work.

The camel said ‘Humph’ and turned a cold shoulder to him. Then the dog left to tell it to the man. There after came an ox with the yoke on his neck and asked to plow like him.

The camel replied ‘Humph’. The ox reported the man about this. At the end of the day they complained to the man. But the man asked them to work double-time to make up.

This annoyed the three and they held a panchayat on the edge of the desert. The camel listened to it but ignored them and left. Then appeared the Djinn who were in charge of all deserts.

They put forward their complaints before the Djinn. And then he decided to teach him a lesson. The Djinn wrapped himself in his dust cloak and went into the desert to find the camel.

The Djinn reproached the camel who was looking at his reflection in the mirror. He asked the reasons of his reluctance to work. It was expected from the camel to do three works since Monday.

Djinn waited for his reply who in turn said ‘Humph’. Djinn warned him by saying that he wouldn’t say ‘Humph’ again and again. He just wanted him to work. His adamant attitude annoyed the Djinn.

When the camel was seeing his reflection in Water, his back suddenly grew up a lump. Djinn explained to him that the camel had been in a state of denial when he was asked to work since Monday.

On Thursday, he got punishment of his wrongdoings. The camel was shocked to see that and asked him ‘how can I’ with this hump on my back. Djinn said that he could complete his work without taking any food or water.

Djinn also added that he favored the camel and now he should join the Three. He warned him to behave properly. However, he still doesn’t catch up with the initial three days that he missed at the beginning of the world. His hump at present is the penalty of his past mistake.

How the Camel Got His Hump Summary in Hindi

संसार की संरचना अभी हो रही थी। कई पशुओं ने मनुष्य की सेवा करना शुरु कर दिया था। घोड़ा, कुत्ता तथा बैल बोझ ढोते थे और मनुष्य की सेवा करते थे। पर केवल एक जानवर, ऊँट, ऐसा था जो काम करने से जी चुराता था। वह मरुस्थल में रहता था तथा कँटीले पौधे पत्ते खाता था। जब कोई उससे कुछ बोलता तो वह कहता- ‘हफ’।

एक सोमवार को सुबह-सुबह घोड़ा ऊँट के पास गया। इस रेगिस्तानी पशु को उसने बोला कि तुम भी हमारी तरह काम करो। कुत्ते तथा बैल ने भी यह बात कही। पर उन्हें कोई सफलता नहीं मिली। पशुओं ने ऊँट के विरुद्ध मनुष्य से शिकायत की। मनुष्य नाराज हो गया और उन्हें ऊँट के काम की भरपाई के लिए दोगुना काम करने को कहा। इससे वे पशु खुश नहीं हुए। उन्होंने एक पंचायत बुलाई। ऊँट उन पर हँसा और चला गया।

शीघ्र ही रेगिस्तान का मालिक जिन्न वहाँ आ गया। उसने पशुओं की शिकायत सुनी और उनकी बात से सहमति जताई। उसने ऐसे आलसी पशु को दण्ड देने की ठान ली। उसने ऊँट को एक जलाशय में अपना प्रतिबिम्ब देखते पाया। ऊँट ने अन्य पशुओं को सोमवार प्रातः से अतिरिक्त मेहनत करने को विवश किया था। जिन्न ने जब उस से सफाई मांगी तो ऊँट ने आवाज निकाली ‘हंफ! उसने काम करने की इच्छा नहीं जताई।

जिन्न ने ऊँट को श्राप दे दिया। शीघ्र ही ऊँट की पीठ पर बड़ा-सा कूबड़ उठ आया। बृहस्पतिवार का दिन था। ऊँट को बताया गया कि तुम तीन दिन तक भूखे रहकर काम कर सकते हो क्योंकि तुम्हारा भोजन तुम्हारे कूबड़ में जमा है। पर कूबड़ के रहते बोझा ढोना असम्भव था। जिन्न बोला कि कूबड़ तुम्हारा भोजन का भण्डार है। उसने यह भी कहा कि, यह अपने आप गायब हो जायेगा जब ऊँट सही व्यवहार करना सीख जायेगा।

ऊँट अन्य तीनों जानवरों के साथ काम करने निकल गया। उस दिन से वह कूबड़ उसकी पीठ पर बना रहा, पर काम से छुटकारा उसे नहीं मिला। फिर भी उसने अभी तक अच्छा आचरण करना नहीं सीखा।

Short Summary

This poem is a fine piece of Petrarchan sonnet by the famous poet John Keats. He wrote this poem in December 1816. It is inspired by the beauty of nature. Poets usually find beauty and poetry in spring and good weather. But Keats is different as he finds nature beautiful in all seasons including hot summer and cold winter.

The poet symbolizes the grasshopper as hot summer and the cricket as a very cold winter. He says that even when the birds stop singing during the hot summers, the Earth still sings. The grasshopper sings tirelessly during this time flying from the hedge. The poet further says that during the cold winter also the Earth keeps expressing pleasure through cricket. A cricket sings through the stones.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in English

In the poem ‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’, the poet John Keats celebrates the music of the Earth. He finds beauty in hot summer as well as in the cold winter. Here, in this poem, the grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer and cricket is a symbol of cold winter. The poet says that the music of nature or earth is always alive whether it is hot summer or cold and bleak winter.

During the hot summer, all the singing birds are tired and take rest under the shady branches of trees. But even if they don’t sing the song of nature goes on. We can still hear the voice of the grasshopper who runs from hedge to hedge. He keeps singing tirelessly and when tired rests beneath some weed.

A grasshopper carries on the duty of singing the everlasting song of nature. During summers, he is a fun-loving and cheerful creature and is never done with his delights.

During the cold winter season also, the birds are silent. There is utter silence on the frosty winter days. But the earth has its own way of expressing pleasure and joys. The song of a cricket can be heard which breaks this silence.

He sings from the stones but not from the trees. His song appears to be increasing the warmth every moment. People are able to hear it sitting in their houses. However, the poet says that to a person who is half-asleep, it may appear to be a grasshopper’s song coming from the grassy hills.

Thus, we can say that the grasshopper and the cricket, two tiny insects, perform a big responsibility. They carry on with nature’s continuous and everlasting music irrespective of the extreme climates. The poet has thus personified them. It is thus a symbolic poem. Here, the grasshopper and the cricket are a symbol of the constant joyous mood of nature.

Moral: The poem teaches us that we shall be joyful and pleasant no matter what are the situations in our life. With this attitude, we can easily overcome all the obstacles in life.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Hindi

यह प्रकृति गीत उस संगीत की ओर हमारा ध्यान आकर्षित करता है जो पक्षी तथा कीड़े सदा ही देते रहते हैं। यह संगीत टिड्डो के द्वारा दिया जा रहा है जो तपती दोपहर को गाता है और झींगुर जो ठण्डे जाड़े में गाता है। इस प्रकार से हर ऋतु का अपने ढंग का आनन्द और संगीत होता है।

ग्रीष्म के गर्म दिनों में पक्षी वृक्षों की ठण्डी छाया में छिप जाते हैं। पर टिड्डों के लिए यह समय गाने और मौज मनाने का होता है। वह एक बाड़ से दूसरी बाड़ में बेधड़क गाता उड़ता रहता है। जब वह गाते-गाते थक जाता है तो किसी जंगली पौधे के नीचे विश्राम करने लगता है।

पक्षी जाड़े की ऋतु में भी चुप होकर छिप जाते हैं। और तो और जब तुषार बिखर रहा हो, तो चारों ओर चुप्पी छा जाती है। उस समय अचानक उस मौन को झींगुर भंग कर देता है। उसकी आवाज किसी पत्थर के ढेर से आती है। इस प्रकार धरती की संगीत लहरी अनवरत गूंजती रहती है। जो व्यक्ति झपकियाँ ले रहा हो, उसे झींगुर की आवाज ऐसी सुनाई देती है मानो दूर घास वाली पहाड़ियों से आ रही हो।

Short Summary

The poem comes from Hardy’s memory of three days of his life. The poet is a young architect who went to Lyonnesse to supervise the renovation work of a dilapidated church. It was 100 miles away. It was winter season the foliage of the tree was covered with frost he had to travel very far. No prophet on the wisest wizard could guess the experienced poet had at Lyonnesse. He himself couldn’t predict his future.

After his journey to Lyonnesse, his eyes were bright with happiness. It was his experience which no one can measure it was revelation of life, his happiness was silent to everyone. All could understand that he was filled with a rare and immeasurable radiance.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary in English

The poem is written by Thomas Hardy and revolves around his visit to a Parish. As the poet is a trainee architect, he goes to supervise the restoration of a church. Little does he know that he is in for a life-changing experience.

The poet leaves for the Parish on a cold evening. It was around a hundred miles away and the shrubbery was all covered in frost. It was a lonely path and the stars were his only company. Moreover, they help in guiding him the way.

In order to oversee the whole process, the poet stays at the Parish for a little while. The poet is not aware at all that he is going to have a life-changing experience at the Parish. However, during that short period of time, he notices some changes happening.

These are inner changes which he is not expecting at all. The poet is not prepared for all this. He feels that he cannot guess even for the slightest minute that he will be experiencing all this.

Moreover, he even says that not even a prophet or wizard could have predicted these changes. When he returns from his work trip, he feels changed. There is a new glow in his eyes which everyone else can notice as well.

This is the surprising part because while the poet can feel the changes within, everyone can see them too. They feel like he has a radiating positivity about him now. Thus, the poet gives credit to his visit to the Parish for bringing the magical glow in his eyes.

All in all, we see how the poet goes through a major change in his life when he was least expecting it. Thus, it is true that miracles do happen. Moreover, no one can predict their happening.

Moral of When I set out for Lyonnesse
The poem is a very insightful piece of work that tells us how things happen to us when we least expect them and that no matter what we plan, there is another plan for us by God which no one can predict.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary in Hindi

कवि युवा शिल्पकार की हैसियत से लियोनीज गया ताकि वहां चर्च में हो रहे निर्माण कार्य की देखभाल कर ले। यह स्थान कोई 100 मील दूर था। जाड़े की ऋतु थी। पत्तियों पर तुषार की परत चढ़ी थी। कवि अकेला तथा कुछ घबराया हुआ था। उसका एक मात्र साथी था तारों की झिलमिल रोशनी।

उसे इस बात की जानकारी नहीं थी कि लियोनीज में रहने के दौरान उसे किस स्थिति का सामना करना पड़ेगा। कोई भी ज्योतिषी अनुमान नहीं लगा सकता था कि भविष्य में क्या होगा। बहुत अच्छा फकीर भी कल के बारे में नहीं बता सकता था।

पर जब वह उस स्थान से लौट कर आया तो वह बहुत खुश था। उसकी आँखों में खुशी की चमक थी। सभी चुपचाप उसकी गहरी, असामान्य खुशी के कारण का अनुमान लगाने की कोशिश करते रहे।

Short Summary

The School Boy poem is written by William Blake. The poem is about a schoolboy who is unhappy. He says that his childhood is crumpled for the sake of learning and teaching. The boy likes mornings, trees, and birds. He loves being in nature. However, due to his school, his mornings are unpleasant and unhappy. He does not like going to school and is not interested in studies and books.

The poet further advises the parents to not deprive the child of joy and freedom that he deserves to have. In case we have unhappy children, our world will be full of sorrow. We will never be able to experience joy.

The School Boy Summary in English

It is the poem about a schoolboy who is not a happy child; he compares himself with the bird that lives in a cage. The schoolboy loves to rise in summer morning and to enjoy the singing of chirping bird.

Boy loves to entertain himself by the company of hunter who blows his clarion from a distance field and sweet lullabies of the skylark. According to the boy, a school is a place where all his happiness and joy pulls away.

He got tired with the rules of teachers and direct supervision on him. He has to control himself to enjoy the pleasure of summer and to spend hours in the garden where he can learn new things in better ways because he has to spend his whole hours in schooling.

In the cage, a bird cannot sing a sweet song, similarly, a child if remained under the umbrella of annoying fear and tension, the skepticism of his teacher can never enjoy the natural instincts of joy and playfulness.

In the last stanza, he tried to make understand his parents that if a child is picked up and he can’t get proper care then he could not grow in nature plant. The parent should also understand their fault. Depriving the child of joy and freedom means a world without spring. In the absence of a happy child, we shall have a winter of sorrow.

The School Boy Summary in Hindi

यह कविता एक स्कूली छात्र की मानसिक स्थिति पर प्रकाश डालती , नई है उसे बाहर घूमना न पसन्द है। वह पक्षियो का गायन सुनता है। शिकारियों के विगल की आवाज उसे खुशी देती है। वह स्काईलार्क पक्षी के माथ-साथ घूमना चाहता है। पर यह प आनन्द तो उस ग्रीष्म ऋतु के प्रातः काल मे ही मिल सकता है।

मुक्त पक्षी की भाँति रहने की बजाय बालक को स्कूल भेजा जाता है. वह उदास हो जाता है। उसे स्कूल जाने से घृणा है क्योंकि वहाँ उसका सामना क्रूर वृद्ध शिक्षक से होता है, सभी छोटे-छोटे बच्चे अपना सारा दिन आहें भरकर निराश भाव से बिताते हैं।

कभी-कभी बालक घंटों अपना सिर लटकाये बैठा रहता है। उसे अपनी पुस्तक पढ़ने में रुचि नहीं होती। स्कूल उसके लिये एक नीरस स्थान है। वह अपने शिक्षक के मुँह से निकलने वाले शब्दों की बौछार से तंग आ जाता है।

बच्चा स्वयं की तुलना एक पक्षी से करता है जो मुक्त उड़ने तथा जीवन का आनन्द लेने के लिए जन्मा है। परन्तु वह पक्षी पिंजरे में बंद है। वह बंद पिंजरे में रहकर नहीं गा सकता। बालक को भी स्कूल एक कारागार सा लगता है। वह सदैव शिक्षक से भयभीत रहता है। पिंजरे में बंद पक्षी की भांति वह अपने पंखों को नीचे टिका देता है और बसत क आनन्द में शामिल होना भूल जाता है।

कवि माता-पिता से अनुरोध करता है कि वे बच्चों के प्रति इतने कठोर और निष्ठर हो। स्कूली बच्चे तो कलियों और फूलों की भाँति कोमल होते हैं। उन्हें ताजी हवा तथा स्वच्छन्द विचरण की जरुरत होती है ताकि वे स्वस्थ और खुश रहे। उनको अतिशय देख रेख में रखने से वे मुरझा जाते हैं।

यदि किसी पौधे को धूप व हवा न मिले, अंधकार में रखा जाये तो वह न ना पूरा विकसित होगा न ही उसमें फल लग पायेंगें।

Short Summary

The Last Bargain is a poem written by the famous and renowned Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. It is a poem about a person looking for a job. The speaker in the poem is searching for a job in which he does not have to lose his freedom. He receives the first proposal from a King. The king offers him power in return for his labor. But he refuses the king’s offer.

He receives the second offer from a rich man. He offers the speaker lots of gold in return for his labor. But the speaker refuses his offer also. He receives the third offer from a beautiful girl. She says that she will give him smiles in return for his labor. The speaker refuses her offer too. In the end, he finds a child playing on the seashore. The child says that he will offer him nothing in return for his services. The speaker accepts the child’s offer as he can still be a free man.

The Last Bargain Summary in English

The Last Bargain is a poem describing the story of a man who is in search of a job. He wants a job in which he can work without losing his freedom. The speaker receives the offer from powerful, rich, and beautiful but turns all of them down. He finally accepts the offer of a child which is the last bargain.

The speaker receives the first offer from a King early in the morning. The king possesses more power than wealth. Thus, the king offers him power in return for his services. But the speaker thinks that his power is not much worth it. It may fade soon. So, he refuses to accept the king’s offer.

He gets the second offer from a rich man in the mid-day. The rich old man offers him a lot of gold for his services. Gold and wealth did not attract the speaker. He feels that money will be spent soon and it cannot buy everlasting happiness. He thus refuses his offer too.

In the evening, there was natural beauty and flowers all around. A beautiful girl with a pretty smile offers him smiles in return for his services. The speaker feels that her happiness was sorrowful in disguise. Thus, he did not find it also suitable for him. So, he also turned her offer down.

Ultimately, while walking he reaches the seashore. There he finds an innocent child playing with seashells. He plays there with him. The child says that he can pay nothing in return for the labor of the speaker. The speaker accepts his offer. He feels that while playing with the child he will not lose his freedom. He will still be a free man and will receive everlasting happiness playing with the innocent child. This was the last bargain that made the speaker accept it as he was not to compromise his freedom.

Moral of The Last Bargain
For real and everlasting happiness, we do not need power, money, or beauty. Freedom and innocence can make a person’s life happy and contended.

The Last Bargain Summary in Hindi

एक व्यक्ति काम की तलाश में था। वह किसी की सेवा पारिश्रमिक लेकर करने को तैयार था। वह प्रतीक्षा में था कि कोई उसे नौकर रख ले। वह पथरीली सड़क पर रोजगार देने वाले की खोज करता फिर रहा था। राजा हाथ में तलवार लिये खुले शाही रथ पर सवार सामने आये। उसने उस व्यक्ति का बाजू पकड़ा और कहा मैं तुम्हें अपनी शक्ति के बल पर भाड़े पर रखने को तैयार हूँ। पर व्यक्ति ने उनका प्रस्ताव ठुकरा दिया क्योंकि उसकी दृष्टि में बल का कोई महत्त्व न था। राजा चला गया।

दोपहर को गर्मी थी और घरों के दरवाजे बन्द थे। व्यक्ति टेढे मेढे रास्ते से जा रहा था। एक वृद्ध व्यक्ति उसकी आवाज सुनकर उसे भाड़े पर लेने आ गया। उसके पास स्वर्ण मुद्रायें थीं। उसने उन सिक्कों को एक-एक करके गिना। पर स्वर्ण सिक्के भी उस व्यक्ति को अपनी सेवाएं बेचने को प्रेरित न कर सके।

शाम हो गयी। बाग के किनारे अभी बाड़ों में फूल लदे थे। एक सुन्दर लड़की अपनी मुस्कुराहट से उसे नौकर रखने को तैयार हो गयी। पर उसे भी निराश होना पड़ा। उसकी मुस्कुराहट आँसुओं में बदल गयी और वह अंधेरे में गुम हो गयी।

अस्त होते सूर्य के प्रकाश में समुद्र तट की रेत चमक रही थी। समुद्र की लहरें भी तट पर सिर पटककर टूटती रहीं। वहाँ बैठा एक बच्चा समुद्री कौड़ियों से खेल रहा था। उसने व्यक्ति को बोला कि वह उसे खरीद सकता है पर बिना कुछ दिए। व्यक्ति ने उस सौदे को मंजूर कर लिया। वह बच्चे के साथ खेल में शामिल हो गया तथा तब से वह स्वयं को एक आजाद व्यक्ति महसूस करने लगा।

Short Summary

The author of this playful poem is T.S. Eliot who seems to be fond of cats. This poem is a part of his work ‘Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats’. This is a poem about Macavity, a cat. The cat openly disobeys the laws and is a criminal. The Flying Squad running after him always fails to catch him as he is faster than them. Macavity can float in the air without any support and is thus a special cat.

He is very thin and tall and thus easily recognizable. He is also full of dust due to the constant ignorance of his skin. Macavity sways his head like a snake. He is always alert though you may feel that he is sleeping. The poet says that he is the incarnation of evil. He is a proficient cheat. Usually, one can find him in the street or square but when you want to punish him, you can never find him.

Macavity The Mystery Cat Summary in English

This poem describes the story of a mystery cat, Macavity. Macavity is a fictional character and depicts the actions of the crooks. He is also known as ‘Hidden Paw’. He is a notorious criminal, spy, and a trickster and openly disobeys the laws. Macavity is a mastermind and leaves no evidence after committing the crime. Thus, the Scotland Yard Police is also helpless. The Flying Squad has also never succeeded in catching him as he runs faster than them.

The poet says that Macavity is unique. He not only breaks the human laws but also the laws of nature. He can float in the air without any support and thus, breaks the gravitational law of nature. It is said that the fakirs have some magical powers but even they look at him in surprise.

Thus, he has supernatural and magical powers. Surprisingly, even when one rushes to the crime scene, they cannot find him. He is not in the basement i.e. under the Earth and nor is he in the air i.e. sky. Thus, we can say that he outwits the world’s top investigation agencies.

Macavity’s appearance is also very special. He is easily recognizable as he is a tall and thin ginger cat. He has sunken eyes and his brows have deep wrinkles. His brows depict that he is in deep and continuous planning of criminal acts. Also, he never combs his whiskers and constantly neglects his skin. Thus, he is full of dust. His head is also highly domed. One can find him swaying his head from side to side just like a snake. One may feel that he is in deep sleep but he will be only dozing. Thus, he is a proficient cheat, spy, and a trickster.

The author says that Macavity possesses a unique character. He finds him to be the incarnation of evil. He says that one can see Macavity anywhere easily, may it be in the street or in a square. But, whenever you find him in order to punish him for any of his crimes, he cannot be found anywhere.

Macavity The Mystery Cat Summary in Hindi

फोर्स और उड़नदस्ता भी उसे अब तक पकड़ नहीं पाए हैं। वह उन्हें चकमा दे जाता है। जब तक सिपाही अपराध वाले स्थान पर पहुँचते हैं तब तक काफी देर हो चुकी होती है। अपराधी उस समय तक वहाँ से चम्पत हो जाता है।

मेकेविटी अपने क्षेत्र में बेजोड़ है। वह कोई भी असम्भव काम कर सकता है। वह गायब हो सकता है। वह न्यूटन के गुरुत्वाकर्षण वाले सिद्धान्त को तोड़ कर बिना किसी सहारे के हवा में उड़ सकता है। फकीर और जादूगर उसके करतबों को देखकर विस्मित रह जाते हैं। वह आपको चकमा दे देगा आप उसे चाहे भूतल में खोजें अथवा हवा में आपके हाथ कुछ भी नहीं लगेगा।

मेकेविटी एक लम्बा पतला बिल्ला है। उसकी आँखें अन्दर धंसी हुई हैं। और उसके माथे पर बल पड़े रहते हैं। उसका सिर गुम्बद की तरह गोल है। उसका कोट गंदा रहता है और उसके बाल बिखरे होते हैं। वह साँप की चाल चलता है। जब आप सोचते हैं कि वह सो रहा है, वह वास्तव में पूरा सजग होता है।

मेकेविटी बिल्ला के शरीर में दानव बसा है। वह नैतिक रुप से भ्रष्ट है। आप उसे गलियों में और खुले स्थानों पर सब जगह देख सकते हैं। पर आप उसे अपराध वाले स्थान पर कभी नहीं पायेंगे।

Short Summary

The poem Geography Lesson describes the poet’s opinion of the land below when viewed from the sky. He finds the earth the least attractive from above and continues going higher up.

As the poet moves higher, he realizes that the country is full of cities and valleys. This made him realize that people are completely dependent on land and water for their existence. At one point of time, the poet also realizes that there is more water on earth than land. He also understands that there are many boundaries on earth that lead to hatred among people.

Geography Lesson Summary in English

The author of this poem is Zulfikar Ghose. Ghose was born in India before independence. Eventually, after independence, he settled in Pakistan, and now, he resides in the USA. This is a single stanza poem of 24 lines and does not have any rhyme scheme. In this poem, Ghose talks about three things, firstly, how everything looks from the sky, secondly, how civilization was set up, and lastly, why people hate each other.

The poet says that when he sees the city from a jet, he finds that the cities are not well-planned. He realizes that water is very essential for various activities such as agriculture, transport, business, etc. As the jet moves higher, he reflects that people have built boundaries and hate each other.

The poem displays the poet’s concern for the division and friction among people. The poem begins with the poet seeing the city from the jet. He says that from that height everything seems too small. He can see the full city properly. Also, he finds that the city is not properly planned and is disorganized. Thus, it has no particular style.

When the jet reached the height of 10,000 feet, he could see that the cities were located near the rivers or water resources. He realizes that the availability of water resources is the reason behind the unorganized cities.

The cities grew as per the necessities. People settled near the water resources more as they require water for almost all their activities. He understands that the fertile land and water are the key to human existence. Thus, he can see the logical reason for the development of the cities.

Drinking water is vital to human life. Water is necessary for almost all human activities such as agriculture, production, business, transport, etc. He also now is clear that the Earth has more water than land and also that the Earth is round.

Lastly, he ponders why have people on Earth built walls, boundaries, and fences. The poet says that human beings have a lot of knowledge about the Earth, its shape, the emergence of civilizations, cities, and nations.

But, in this quest, we have attained absolutely no knowledge about how to live peacefully on this amazing planet. He fails to understand that why do people hate each other so much. He feels that people are selfish, jealous, and have a narrow mindset. Also, he finds that the Earth is one but people living on it have divided and fragmented it.

He also feels that people on the planet are not living in harmony together for shallow reasons. If people decide to forget their differences and stay together peacefully, this planet would be a wonderful, beautiful and amazing place to live.

Geography Lesson Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में कवि ऊँचे उड़ रहे वायुयान से नगर और देश के दृश्य का वर्णन करता है। जब जेट वायुयान उड़ा तो आकाश साफ था। कवि ने खिड़की से बाहर झाँका। शहर सुन्दर ढंग से सुनियोजित लग रहा था। लेकिन धरती पर तो यह बिल्कुल बेतरतीव लगता है। यहाँ बिना किसी शैली और तारतम्य के अनेकों गलियां और घर हैं।

जब यान 10,000 फुट की उँचाई पर उड़ा रहा था, कवि नीचे झाँका और भूगोल की मजबूरी उसे समझ में आ गई। वह समझ गया कि हर देश में नगर नदी तट पर क्यों बसे होते हैं। दूसरी बात लोग मुख्य रुप से घाटियों में रहते हैं। यह भूमि दो पहाड़ियों के बीच समतल स्थान होती है। जमीन और जल लोगों की प्राथमिक आवश्यकताएँ हैं। वे लागों को आकर्षित करते हैं।

जब यान जमीन से छ: मील से ऊपर उड़ा तो धरती गोल दिखाई दी। कवि फिर नीचे झाँका। अब उसे धरती पर जमीन से ज्यादा जल दिखा। कवि को इसका कारण भी समझ में आ गया कि ऐसा क्यों होता है पर उसे भूमि का ईटों की तथा घृणा की दीवारें बनाकर विभाजन करने के पीछे क्या तर्क है यह बात समझ में नहीं आई। उसे यह बात भी समझ में नहीं आई कि लोग एक दूसरे की गर्दन के लिये उतावले क्यों रहते हैं।