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Perimeter It refers to the length of the outline of the enclosed figure. Area It refers to the surface of the enclosed figure. Area and Perimeter of Square Square is a quadrilateral, with four equal sides. Area = Side ×
Read MoreLine segment A line segment is a part of a line with two endpoints. A line perpendicular to a line segment Any line which is perpendicular to a line segment makes an angle of 90°. Construction of a line parallel
Read MoreRational Numbers are the numbers that can be expressed in the form p/q where p and q are integers (q ≠ 0). It includes all natural, whole numbers, fractions and integers. Equivalent Rational Numbers By multiplying or dividing the numerator
Read MoreThe ratio is used to compare two quantities. These quantities must have the same units. The ratio is represented by “:”, which is read as “to”. We can write it in the form of “fraction”. Example Write the ratio of the height of Sam to
Read MoreCongruence If we superpose one figure over other and they fit into each other then they must be congruent shapes. They must have the same shape and size. Symbol of Congruence Congruence of 2-dimensional Shapes In the case of 2D
Read MoreTriangle Triangle is a closed curve made up of three line segments. It has three vertices, sides and angles. Here, in ∆ABC, AB, BC and CA are the three sides. A, B and C are three vertices. ∠A, ∠B and ∠C
Read MorePoint A point is a geometrical element which has no dimensions. Line A line is a straight path which has no endpoints. Line Segment A line segment is a straight path which has two endpoints. Ray A ray is a
Read MoreAlgebraic Expressions It is an expression involving constant, variable and some operations like addition, multiplication etc. Variable Variable is an unknown number which could have a different numerical value. It is called Variable as it can vary. It is represented by different
Read MoreData Any raw information which we collect to know about it and to compare certain things is called Data. This information is in the form of facts and figures and is collected for some specific purpose. Example Number of students in
Read MoreFractions • The numbers of the form a/b, where a and bare natural numbers is known as fraction. • Proper fraction: A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator. • Improper fraction: A fraction in which numerator is greater
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