Class 6th

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration

1. Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Ans: The children broke the street-light while playing cricket. As its replacement was beyond their reach, they were very much upset. They didn’t know whom did the street light belong to. They went to Rehana’s mother who gave them the knowledge that it is the Municipal Corporation of the city that takes care of replacing lights. She also told them that Yasmin Khala would be the best person because she has just retired from the Municipal Corporation. She advised the children to go to Yasmin Khala to get their problem solved.

2. List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller.
Ans: List of four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city dweller:

• Cleaning and lighting of streets and thoroughfares.
• Supply of safe drinking water.
• Supply of electricity.
• Traffic control.
• Garbage collection and disposal.
• School, hospital and sanitation facilities.

 3. Who is a Municipal Councillor?
Ans: A Municipal Councillor is an elected representative of a ward. He is also known as Ward Councillor.

 4. What did Gangabai do and why?
Ans: Gangabai collected a large number of women and went to the Municipal Commissioner along with ward councilors to protest against garbage dumps all over the street.

5. How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?
Ans: The Municipal Corporation is one of the most important organs of the three-tier government system. It is responsible for the all-round development of its designated area. It undertakes all the public facilities and welfare works like sanitation, water, road, education, health, etc. As these works require funds, so it collects revenue from the residents living in its corporation area. It levies taxes on property, water, and other services. Taxes are fixed on the measurement and consumption of the services. Taxes are levied on education and other amenities like owning a hotel, entertainment, etc.

6. Discuss
In the two photographs, you see different ways of collecting and disposing of garbage.
(i) Which way do you think provides safety to the person disposing of garbage?
(ii)What are the dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph?
(iii)Why do you think that proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities?


Ans: (i) The way is shown in photo 2 provides safety to the person disposing of garbage,

(ii) Collecting garbage in the manner shown in photo 1 is full of dangers. Children are so close to open garbage that they may fall sick or they may develop symptoms of some deadly disease in the long run. There may be pieces of broken glasses. While collecting garbage in,this manner, their fingers may get injured. We see two stray cows around the garbage searching some eatables. These cows may attack these boys which may take their lives. Thus, there is no safety at all in this way.

(iii) The proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities because firstly, the government has not done proper arrangements for this as yet. It has provided trucks no doubt but their number is not sufficient. Secondly, the workers working in the municipalities are generally less aware of health and hygiene. They do not bother whether garbage is being disposed of properly or not. Thirdly, the economic condition of the municipalities is not good.

7. Several poor people in the city work as domestic servants as well as work for the Corporation, keeping the city clean. Yet the slums in which they live are quite filthy. This is because these slums seldom have any water and sanitation facilities. The reason often given by the Municipal Corporation is that the land in which the poor have set up their homes does not belong to them and that slum-dwellers do not pay taxes. However, people living in middle-class neighbourhoods pay very little in taxes compared to the amount of money the corporation spends on them in setting up parks, street lighting facilities, regular garbage collection etc. Also as you read in this chapter, the property taxes collected by the Municipality makes up only 25-30 percent of its money. Why do you not think it is important that the Corporation should spend more money on slum localities? Why is it important that the Municipal Corporation provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get?
Ans. I think it is important that the corporation should spend more money on slum localities because slum-dwellers are also a part of our society. They need education, sanitation, rehabilitation, and other facilities as the common people avail. They are also human beings. They lack even basic amenities of life which cause the spread of many diseases among them. They are the citizens of our country. So in order to achieve our constitutional ideals, the Municipal Corporation should provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get.

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statement given below.

(iv) Which one is not the job of the Municipal Corporation?
(a) It keeps the streets and markets clean.
(b) It makes gardens and maintains them.
(c) It builds hotels for the tourists
(d) It runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.

(v) The Municipal Council is found in
(a) Big cities
(b) Small towns
(c) villages
(d) Metropolitan cities.

Answer:
(i) – (d), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (c), (iv) – (c), (v) – (b).

II.FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Property taxes form only ……………. percent of the money that a Municipal Corporation earns.
2. Collecting garbage is quite a………… job.
3. The kabaddi wallah plays a major role in ……………….  household plastic and paper.
4. The Ward Councillor is elected by the people of his ………………
5. Gangabai rushed to the house of………………

Answer:

1. 25-30
2. dangerous
3. recycling
4. Ward/area
5. Ward Councillor.

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Gangabai was a timid lady.
2. Yasmin Khala was a retired judge.
3. Pune, being a big city, has a Municipal Corporation.
4. Larger houses have to pay fewer taxes.
5. The Commissioner and the administrative staff implement the decisions taken by the Councillor’s Committees and the councillors.

Answer:

1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T

IV.MATCHING SKILL

Ans: (i)-c  (ii)-e   (iii)-a   (iv)-b     (v)-d

V.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1: Who was Yasmin Khala?
Ans: Yasmin Khala was a Municipal Corporation employee.

2. What had children done to the street light?
Ans: They had broken the streetlight while playing.

3. What did children want to know?
Ans: They wanted to know who did the lights on the streets belong to.

4. Whose duty is it to replace the streetlights?

Ans: It is the duty of the Municipal Corporation of the city to replace the streetlights.

5. Who takes decisions like where a park or a new hospital should go?
Ans: The Ward Councillors usually takes such decisions.

6. What is the difference between the ward Commissioner and the ward Councillors?[V. Imp.]
Ans: The Commissioner is the body elected by the councillors while the Councillors are elected by the general voters of the world.

7. What is a tax?                                                              [V. Imp.]
Ans: A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides.

8. What types of taxes people have to pay?
Ans: People have to pay property tax on their homes as well as taxes for water and other services.

9. Name two departments of the Municipal Corporation. [Imp.]
Ans: Water department and garbage collection department,

10. What did the Commissioner advise Gangabai?
Ans: The Commissioner advised Gangabai to get a petition signed by all the adults in the locality saying that garbage was not being collected.

11. How can common people keep their streets clean?
Ans: They can do this by keeping dustbin/dustbins at home.

VI.SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How are complicated decisions taken? Explain with examples. [V. Imp.]
Ans: (Complicated decisions usually affect the entire city and therefore these decisions are taken by groups of Councillors who form committees to decide and debate issues. For example, if bus stands need to be improved or a crowded market place needs to have its garbage cleared more regularly, etc.

2. Write a short note on the topic ‘Sub-contracting’.                                   [Imp.]
Ans: In recent times, in order to save money the Commissioners of several municipalities across the country had hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is known as Sub-Contracting. This means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by a private company or agency. These contract workers get low salary and their jobs are temporary.

VII.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Explain the Junctions of the Ward Councillor and the Administrative staff.
Ans: The Ward Councillors are elected members. They are responsible for the welfare of the people of their wards. They listen their problems and get them solved. Sometimes, they have to take complicated decisions that affect the entire city. At such moments, groups of councillors who form committees gather together to decide and debate issues. While the Councillor’s Committees and the councillors decide on issues, the Commissioner and the administrative staff implement these decisions.

All of the Ward Councillors meet and they make a budget and the money is spent according to this. The Ward Councillors try and ensure that the particular demands of their wards are placed before the entire council. These decisions are then implemented by the administrative staff.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Rural Administration

1. What is the work of the police?
Ans: Work of the Police:

• To maintain law and order in its area.
• To register cases of thefts, accidents, injuries, fights etc.
• To inquire, investigate, and take action on the cases within its area.

 2. List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.
Ans:

• Patwari measures land and keeps land records.
• He organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers and provides information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

3. What is the work of a Tehsildar?
Ans: Work of a Tehsildar:

• To supervise the work of Patwaris.
• To settle disputes regarding land.
• To get revenue collected.

4. What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?
Ans: The poem raises the issue of rights for a girl child. A girl should be treated equally in society. She should be given the same right as a male child is given. Inheritance in the paternal properties should be equally divided among all the members without any consideration of boy or girl. Dowry is not compensated to a girl child. It should be abolished. This poem raises a very justified issue.

 5. ‘In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in the previous chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Ans: Panchayat provides for facilities in the village, Patwari arranges for money to get the facilities worked out/executed.

6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public meetings etc.
Ans: During festivals, public meetings, etc. the police become more active in order to control crime and maintain law and order. CC TV cameras are installed in the area at different places to keep watch on the activities of the people. To control the mob they barricade the area. Police personnels are deployed. Some information booths are also installed. Proper lighting is also made.

7. Who is in charge of all the police stations in a district? Find out
Ans: Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy Commissioner of Police (In Delhi and Mumbai) is the in-charge of all Police stations in a district.

8. How do women benefit under the new law? ,
Ans: Under the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. This law will benefit a large number of women. Now, if ever has a problem women can always depend upon their share of land or property.

9. In your neighbourhood are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?
Ans: Yes, in our neighbourhood there are several women who own property.

• Some of them have purchased property themselves.
• Some got the property registered in their name by their husbands/inlaws.
• Some have got the property inherited from their father.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Multiple Choice Questions 

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Kanungo is the other name of…………
(a) Tehsildar
(b) Patwari
(c) Talukdar
(d) Landowner

(ii) The person-in-charge of the police station is known as …………..
(a) Stationmaster
(b) Superintendent of Police
(c) Station House Officer
(d) None of the above.

(iii) A heated argument began between Raghu and Mohan because …………….
(a) Raghu had taken over some of Mohan’s land
(b) Mohan had taken over Raghu’s land
(c) Mohan had taken a loan from Raghu and denied to return it
(d) All the above.

(iv) The sub-divisions of a district are known by different names such as ……………
(a) Tehsil
(b) Taluka
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above.

(v) A daughter wants only………..
(a) Dowry
(b) A place of her own
(c) High education
(d) Both (a) and (b).

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (c), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (c), (v) – (b).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration  Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The Patwari maintains and ……… the records of the village.
2. Raghu’s uncle was the ……… of the village.
3. It is the duty of the Station House Officer to write down the ……………..  and then investigate them.
4. For managing matters relating to land, districts are subdivided into ……………..
5. Tehsildars, also known as …………..  work under the District Collector.

Answer:

1. updates
2. Sarpanch
3. complaints
4. sub-divisions
5. Revenue Officers.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 gave equal rights to daughters.
2. Mohan went to the village Sarpanch to make complaints about Raghu.
3. It is the duty of the District Collector to supervise the work of the Patwaris.
4. The Station House Officer was not in the mood to hear Mohan.
5. The revenue officer organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers.

Answer:

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Matching Skills

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Column A                                                Column B
(i)Patwari                                      (a) Collect revenue
(ii)Tehsildars                                 (b) Responsible for a group of villages
(iii)Mohan                                         (c) Sons, daughters and their mothers
have an equal share in land
(iv) Hindu Succession Act, 2005             (d) An influential person in the village
(v) Raghu                                                                (e) A small farmer

Ans. (i)—(b), (ii)—(a), (iii)—(e), (iv)—(c), (v)—(d).

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration Very Short Answer Type Questions

 1. What is called bund?
Ans: The boundary that separates one land from another is called ‘bund’,

2. What did Mohan notice one morning?
Ans: One morning Mohan noticed that Raghu had shifted the bund by a few feet.

3. How can you say that Raghu was an influential person in the village?
Ans: Raghu’s family-owned in many fields. His uncle was also the Sarpanch of the village.

 4. Where can one register the case?                         [V. Imp.]
Ans: One can register a case in the police station which comes under his/her area or locality.

5. Why do you think the Station House Officer (SHO) did not want to entertain Mohan?
Ans: It was because Mohan was not an influential person but a small farmer.

 6. What are the different names of the Patwari?
Ans:Lekhpal, Kanungo, Karamchari, Village Officer.

7. Mention one responsibility of the Tehsildar? [Imp.]
Ans. He supervises the work of the Patwaris and ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the work of the revenue department of the government? {V. Imp.]
Ans: The revenue department of the government supervises the work of the Patwari. It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected. It also ensures that farmers can easily obtain a copy of their land records. It is the revenue department that makes the students obtain their caste certificates. It also resolves revenue disputes.

2. What would have the Patwari done to resolve the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
Ans: The Patwari would have measured both Mohan’s and Raghu’s fields and compared them with the measurements on the map. If they did not match then it would be clear that the boundary of the fields has been changed.

Class 6 Social Science Chapter 6 Rural Administration – Long Answer Type Questions

1. Enumerate various works of a Patwari. [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Patwari does various types of works:

• He measures land keeps land records.
• He is responsible for a group of villages.
• He maintains and updates the records of the village.
• He is responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

 2. Write a brief note on the ‘Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005’. [V. Imp.]
Ans:  Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 brought females on the same level as males. Till recently, prior to the new law Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land. After the death of the father his property was divided equally only among his sons. But now the situation has been changed. In the new lawsons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country. The new law will benefit a large number of women. Now they can enjoy their independent status with equal rights.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Panchayati raj

1. What problem did the villagers in Hardas village face? What did they do to solve this problem?
Ans: The villagers in Hardas village faced the problem of drinking water shortage. They did the following tasks to solve this problem:

• They deepened the two hand pumps.
• They cleaned one well.
• They sought information about the scheme of watershed development from the Block Development Officer.

2. What in your opinion, is the importance of the Gram Sabha? Do you think all members should attend Gram Sabha meetings? Why?
Ans: The Gram Sabha is the most important body of the Panchayati Raj System. It is responsible for planning out the strategies for the development of the village, implementation of the ruling provisions. It also looks after the basic amenities of village people. It is also the custodian of the public property of the village.

Education, law, and order, primary health services are some of the other responsibilities of the Gram Sabha. It also checks the wrong decisions taken by the Gram Panchayat. It keeps an eye on the elected representative and in making them responsible to the persons who elected them.

It is important for all members to attend Gram Sabha meetings because it is the only way to participate in the proceedings of various plans discussed in the meetings. The members of Gram Sabha represent different areas. So, it is important for them to put their local problems and development programmes in the meetings. If they remain absent from the meetings, their interests may be overlooked.

3. What is the link between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?
Ans:

• Gram Sabha works over several Gram Panchayats.
• Gram Panchayats are members of Gram Sabha.
• Gram Sabha controls and approves the spending of money received from the government.

4. Take an example of anyone task done by a Panchayat in your area/nearby rural area and find out the following :

1. Why it was taken up.
2. Where the money comes from.
3. Whether or not the work has been completed.

Ans:

1. Our Panchayat recently undertook the task of building a community hall. It was necessary because there was no such common place where people could gather at a time. It was difficult to hold a general meeting, organize a general function, etc.
2. The money was collected as a contribution from the villagers and some part of it was also diverted from the Panchayat welfare fund.
3. Yes, the work has been completed within the projected time and it is now in use.

5. What is the difference between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?
Ans:

1. Gram Sabha consists of all the adults of a village while Gram Panchayat is elected by the members of the Gram Sabha for a period of five years.
2. The area of Gram Sabha is the entire village whereas Gram Panchayat is divided into wards represented by Ward Councillors.
3. Gram Sabha puts control over Gram Panchayat.

6. Read the following news item:
Nimone is a village on the Chauphula-Shirur Road. Like many others, this village has also been facing a severe water shortage for the last few months and villagers depend on tankers for all their needs. Bhagavan Mahadeo Lad (35) of this village was beaten with sticks, iron rods, and axes by a group of seven men. The incident came to light when some villagers brought a badly injured Lad to the hospital for treatment. In the FIR recorded by the police Lad said that he was attacked when he insisted that the water in the tanker must’be emptied into the storage tanks constructed as part of the water supply scheme by Nlmone Gram Panchayat so that there would be equal distribution of water. However, he alleged that the upper caste men were against this and told him that the tanker water was not meant for lower castes.
Adapted, from Indian Express, ‘ May 1, 2004

1. Why was Bhagvan beaten?
2.  Do you think that the above is a case of discrimination? Why?

Ans:

1. There was acute water crisis in Nimone village and the villagers had to depend on tankers for their needs. So, when the tanker came in the village, Bhagvan insisted that the water in the tanker must be emptied into the storage tanks constructed as part of the water supply scheme by Nimone Gram Panchayat so that there would be equal distribution of water. But the upper caste men were against this and therefore they beat Bhagvan to suppress his demand.
2. Yes, the above is a case of discrimination, because the upper caste men tries to suppress the genuine demand of the lower castes. They look them down upon and ignore their existence.

 7. Find out more about watershed development and how it benefits an area?
Ans:

• Watershed development helps in conserving water and recharging the groundwater resources.
• Under the watershed development scheme the following tasks are performed:
  • Trees are planted,
  • Check dams and tanks Eire constructed to harvest rainwater.
• An ample quantity of water is available both for drinking and irrigation.
• Barren lands are turned into green meadows.
• Arable land is reclaimed.

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The members of the Gram Sabha must be adults. It means they must be of
(a) 18 years or more
(b) 20 years or more
(c) 22 years or more
(d) 25 years.

(ii) The people of Hardas village are facing the problem of…………..
(a) Electricity
(b) Unemployment
(c) Water shortages
(d) None of the above.

(iii)The work of the Gram Panchayat has to be approved by the …………..
(a) Members of the Gram Sabha
(b) Zila Parishad
(c) Ward Member
(d) Gram Sabha

(iv) Which one is not the source of funds for the Panchayat?
(a) Collection of taxes on houses, market places, etc.
(b) Donations for community works etc.
(c) Donations contributed by the villagers for village welfare works
(d) Government scheme funds received through various departments of the government through the Janpad and Zila Panchayats.

(v) The Panchayat Raj System is the
(a) First level of democratic government
(b) Second level of democratic government
(c) Third level of democratic government
(d) Fourth level of democratic government.

Answer:
(i) – (c), (ii) – (e), (iii) – (d), (iv) – (c), (v) – (a).

II.FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The Gram Panchayat is elected for ……… years.
2. The Panchs and the Gram Panchayat are answerable to the…………….
3. Every village Panchayat is divided into ……….
4. The people of Hardas village suggested ………  development programme for the permanent solution of their problem.
5. The Gram Panchayat’s main tasle is to implement …………..  programmes for all villages that come under it.

Answer:

1. Five
2. Gram Sabha
3. Wards
4. watershed

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The Secretary of the Gram Sabha is an elected person.
2. There is no link between the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat.
3. It is the Gram Sabha that keeps control of the Gram Panchayat.
4. The Gram Panchayat meets regularly in order to perform its task efficiently and within a given time limit.
5. The Gram Panchayat does not collect any local taxes.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

IV.MATCHING SKILL

Ans: (i)—(d), (ii)—(c), (iii)—(e), (iv)—(a),

I.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat? [V. Imp.]
Ans: It is the Secretary who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.

2. What problems do the women of Hardas village face?
Ans: The women of Hardas village have to go to the Suru River which is 3 km away to fetch water.

3. Why is Tijia in favour of some permanent solution to the problem of water shortages?
Ans: Because groundwater levels seem to be going down every year.

4.What does Anwar suggest?
Ans: Anwar suggests for watershed development programme.

5.What was the next agenda for the Gram Sabha?
Ans: The finalisation of the list of people below the poverty line (BPL).

6. Why is the Nirmal Gram Puruskar awarded and to whom?
Ans: The Nirmal Gram Puruskar is awarded to the village Panch/panchs for the excellent work done by him/them in the Panchayat.

7. What is the Panchayati Reg System?                                                                     [V. Imp.]
Ans: Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government.

8. Why are the Panchs and the Gram Panchayat answerable to Gram Sabha?
Ans: Because the members of the Gram Sabha elect them.

VI. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What various works does a Gram Panchayat do? [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Gram Panchayat does various works. These works include

• The construction and maintenance of water sources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources.
• Levying and collecting local taxes.
• Executing government schemes related to generating employment in the village.

2. What are the sources of funds for the Gram Panchayat? [V. Imp.]
Ans: The sources of funds for the Gram Panchayat are:

• Collection of taxes on houses, market places etc.
• Government scheme funds received through various departments of the government through the Janpad and Zila Panchayats.
• Donations for community works etc.

3. What are the functions of the Zila Parishad?
Ans: The functions of the Zila Parishad Eire :

• It makes developmental plans at the district level.
• With the help of Panchayat Samitis, it also regulates the money distribution among all the Gram Panchayats.

4. Write a brief note on the three levels of Panchayats.                                       [V. Imp.]
Ans: The Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government. The Panchayati Raj System is the first tier or level of democratic government. It extends to two other levels. One is the Block level, which is called the Janpad Panchayat or the Panchayat Samiti. Above the Panchayat Samiti is the District Panchayat or the Zila Parishad.

5. Why do Gram Sabhas in some states from committees?                                        [Imp*]
Ans: In some states, Gram Sabhas from committees like construction and development committees. These committees include some members of the Gram Sabha and some from the Gram Panchayat who work together to carry out specific tasks.

6. Write a short note on the Gram Sabha.
Ans: The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages. In some states, a village meeting is held for each village. Anyone who is 18 years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of the Gram Sabha.

VII. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 1. Describe the composition of a Vintage Panchayat.                                          [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Village Panchayat is divided into wards. Each ward elects a representative who is known as the Ward Member, also called Panch. All the members of the Gram Sabha also elect a Sarpanch who is called Panchayat President. The Ward Panchs and the Sarpanch from the Gram Panchayat. The tenure of the Gram Panchayat is five years.

The Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha have a common Secretary. He is a person whom the government appoints. Thus, he is not an elected person. The Secretary is responsible for calling the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. He also keeps records of the proceedings of the meeting.

2. Describe the Functions of the Gram Sabha.                                                     [V. Imp.]
Ans: The Gram Sabha performs various tasks:

• It keeps control of the Gram Panchayat. It makes the Gram Panchayat play its role and be responsible.
• It is the place where all plans for the work of the Gram Panchayat are placed before the people.
• The Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayat from doing wrong things which may include misusing money or favouring certain people.
• It keeps an eye on the elected representatives and in making them responsible to the persons who elected them.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

1. How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?

Ans: Maya’s life would be different in South Africa today in the following manner:

• She can use roads, buses, and railway trains as others do without any discrimination.
• She can attend hotels and restaurants.
• She can use hospitals and ambulances as others do.
• She can walk in the parks freely.
• She has no fear of police.

2.What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?

Ans: People participate in the process of government through the following various ways:

• By taking interest in the working of the government.
• By criticising the government on various unpopular issues.
• By taking out rallies.
• By holding signature campaigns.
• By opposing various unpopular resolutions, bills, and issues in state legislatures and parliament through their representatives.

3. Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Ans:  We need the government to find solutions to many disputes and conflicts because of the following:

• Disputes and conflicts block the way to progress.
• They often turn violent and cause damage to the property and life of the people.
• Government has to compensate people who are killed, wounded or whose properties are destroyed in violent incidents.
• Crores of rupees are spent on committees and commissions.
• The attention of the government is diverted towards welfare measures.

4. What actions do the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Ans: The government ensures that the constitutional provisions are implied in the country. It makes laws and enforces them to abolish all sorts of discrimination. It makes provisions to provide equal facilities to all classes of people, promotion of education among girls, and economically backward. These are some of the actions that the government takes to ensure equality among people.

5. Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal
Ans:

• Equality and justice.
• Ban on untouchability.
• No discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and sex.
• Boys and girls are equal.
• No discrimination against anyone.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Hector and his classmates wanted to learn their own language. What was their language?
(a) Afrikaans
(b)  Zulu
(c) English
(d) Malayalam.

(ii) The leader of the African National Congress was …………………
(a) Nelson Mandela
(b) Vinni Mandela
(c) Yasar Arafat
(d) Kofi Annan.

(iii) In India, the government is elected for the period of……………………
(a) Two years
(b) Three years
(c) Five years
(d)   Six years.

(iv) The two states involved in the Cauvery water dispute are …………………….
(a) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
(b) Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(d) Orissa and Kolkata.

(v) South Africa became a democratic country in the year………………….
(a) 1950
(b) 1970
c) 1984
(d) 1994

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (c), (iv) – (a), (v) – (d).

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. In South Africa, there live black people, ……………..  and Indians.
2. Blacks and coloured people were not considered to be ……………….. to whites.
3. The African National Congress-led the struggle against …………………..
4. Through ……….  in elections, people elect leaders to represent them.
5. Religious processions and celebrations can sometimes lead to ……………………..

Answer:

1. whites
2. equal
3. apartheid
4. voting
5. conflicts

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Non-whites could vote in South Africa before 1994.
2. It was the effort of Nelson Mandela that made South Africa a democratic country.
3. Conflicts and differences are resolved by the laws laid by our Constitution
4. The apartheid system in South Africa was abolished in the year 1990.
5. In our society boys and girls are valued equally.

Answer:

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F

IV. MATCHING SKILL

Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B correctly.

Column A                                                  Column B
(i)Untouchability                                         (a) Through  voting
(ii) Equality and justice                              (b) Black
(iii) Afrikaans                                               (c) Dr. B.R.   Ambedkar
(iv) Hector Ndlovu                                     (d)Q Whites
(v) People elect leaders to represent them                       (e) Key elements of democracy

Ans. (i)-(c), (ii)—(e), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b), (v)-(a).

II.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name the various races that live in South Africa
Ans: Various races that live in South Africa Eire :

• Black people who belong to South Africa
• Whites who came there to settle
• Indians who came as labourers and traders.

2. What do you mean by apartheid? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Apartheid means separation on people on the basis of race are known as apartheid laws.

3. Name one black township.
Ans: South Western Township (Soweto).

4. Who was Hector? What did he want?.
Ans: Hector was a non-white. He wanted to learn his own language Zulu.

5. Name the party that fought against the system of apartheid. [V. Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress.

6. Who is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences?
Ans: The government is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts or differences.

Q.7. What is the role of police when there is a chance of violence?
Ans: The police try their best to ensure that violence does not take place.

Q.8. How did Dr. Ambedkar and many others like his view equality and justice?
Ans: They thought that justice can only be achieved when people are treated equally.

Q. 9. How does our society view boys and girls?  [V. Imp.]
Ans: In our society, there is a general tendency to value and care for the boy children more than the girl children. Thus, society does not keep boys and girls at the same level.

Q.10. What does the government do to promote justice among the girls? [Imp.]
Ans.: The government provides special provisions to promote justice among the girls. It may lower the school fees for girls.

III. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What are apartheid laws? [V. Imp.]
Ans. South Africa was earlier governed by apartheid laws. South African people were divided into white, black, Indian and coloured races. According to apartheid laws, these races were not allowed to mingle with each other, to live near each other or even to use common facilities.

2. What happened to Hector and his classmates? Why did it happen?
Ans: Hector and his classmates, because they were non-whites luring in one black township named Soweto, were being forced to learn the language of whites i.e. Afrikaans. But they wanted to learn their own language, zulu and joined the protest against learning the Afrikaans language in school. The South African police beat up the protestors ruthlessly and shot at the crowd. One of their bullets killed Hector.

3. Write a short note on ‘The African National Congress’. [Imp.]
Ans: The African National Congress, a group of people who led the struggle against the system of apartheid. Dr. Nelson Mandela was their leader. The struggle got intensified under his leadership. He fought the apartheid system for several years. Finally, the system was abolished in 1994 and South Africa became a democratic country in which people of all races were considered equal.

4. How does the power of the government got limited?
Ans: The power of the government gets limited by regular elections. Elections are usually held once in five years. Once elected, governments can stay in power only for that period. If they want to continue to be in power then they have to re-elected by the people. This is a moment when people can sense their power in a democracy.

5. When do conflicts occur? What happens afterward? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Conflicts occur when people of different cultures, religions, regions or economic background do not get along with each other, or when some among them feel they are being discriminated against. This leads to fear and tension among others living in an area.

IV.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. One of the ways of participating is to take interest in the working of the government and to criticise it when required. Explain with an example.
Ans. It is one of the important ways of participation. We can prove it through an example. In August 2005, when a particular government increased the money people had to pay for electricity, people expressed their disapproval very sharply. They took rallies and also organised a signature campaign. The government tried to explain and defend its decision but finally listened to the people’s opinion and withdrew the increase. The government had to change its decision because it is responsible to the people.

2. How do rivers become a source of conflict between states? [V. Imp.]
Ans. Rivers can also become a source of conflict between states. A river may begin in one state, Flow-through another, and end in a third. The sharing of river water between different states that the river goes through is becoming an issue of conflict. We can cite an example of the Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The water stored In the Krishnasagar dam in Karnataka is used for irrigating a number of districts and for meeting the needs of the city of Bangalore. The water stored in Methur dam in Tamil Nadu is used for crops grown in the delta region of that state.

A conflict arises because both dams Eire on the same river. The downstream dam in Tamil Nadu can only be filled up if water is released from the upstream one located in Karnataka. Therefore, both states can’t get as much water as they need for people in their states. This leads to conflict. Now, it is the job of the central government to step in and see that a fair distribution is worked out for both states.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 3 What is Government

1. What do you understand by the word ‘government’? List five ways in which you think the government effects your daily life.

Ans:  By the word, ‘government’ we understand that the organisation which takes decisions and makes laws for the citizens of a country is the government.
The five ways in which the government affects our daily life are:

1. Building roads and schools.
2. Reduction and fixing of prices of essential commodities.
3. Supply of electricity.
4. Preparation and implementation of several programmes to help the poor.
5. Running of postal and railway services.

2. Why do you think the government needs to make rules for everyone in the form of laws?
Ans:
The government needs to make rules for everyone in the form of laws because of the following reasons:

• The government wants to give advantages to the people of the welfare measures to all without discrimination.
• To provide equality and justice to all.
• To maintain peace.
• To administer the country efficiently.

3. Name two essential features of a democratic government.
Ans: Two essential features of a democratic government are :

• Democracy is a rule by the people. It is people who rule themselves by participating in the making of these rules.
• In a democracy people have the power to elect their leaders. These leaders or representatives meet and make decisions for the entire population.

4. What was the suffrage movement? What did it accomplish?
Ans: The movement for voting rights to women came to be known as the suffrage movement. All over Europe and USA, women and the poor have had to fight for participation in the government. Women’s struggle to vote got strengthened during the first world war. During the War, many men were away fighting and because of this women were called upon to do work that was earlier considered men’s work. Thus, women got the opportunity to show their capability. People as a whole got disillusioned. They began demanding the right to vote for all women. The result was positive. American women got the right to vote in 1920 while women in the UK got the right to vote on the same terms as men some years later, in 1928.

5. Gandhiji strongly believed that every adult in India should be given the right to vote. However, a few people don’t share his views. They feel that illiterate people, who are mainly poor, should not be given the right to vote. What do you think? Do you think this would be a form of discrimination? Give five points to support your view and share these with the class.
Ans. We think that all the people whether illiterate or literate, poor or rich should have the right to vote.
Yes, we think that if the right to vote is denied to illiterate and poor people it would be a form of discrimination.
Five points to support our views:

1. Wealth is not the criterion of good judgment.
2. Illiterate or poor might have a strong character.
3. Government policies affect all.
4. Democracy talks of equality and justice for all.
5. One needs understanding to vote.

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The government also works at the local level. Here local level means
(a) Village
(b) Town
(c) Locality
(d) All the above.

(ii)  The court can intervene if……………..
(a) Any law passed by the government is not followed.
(b) Anyone does not study well.
(c) A child tells a lie
(d) Both (a) and (b).

(iii) American women got the right to vote in the year…………………..
(a) 1928
(b) 1925
(c) 1920
(d) 1919

(iv) The term suffrage means ……………….
(a) Right to vote
(b) Right to go anywhere in the country
(c) Right to livelihood
(d) None of the above.

(v) The two types of government mentioned the chapter are:
(a) Democracy
(b) Monarchy
(c) Dictatorship
(d) (a) and (b).
Answer:
(i) – (d), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (c), (iv) – (a), (v) – (d).

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. The government works at different levels at the local level, at the level of the state and at the ………… level.
2. In a………. the government has to explain its actions and defend its decisions
   to the people.
3. Women in the UK got the right to vote in the year…………………..
4. In India, before Independence, only a small minority was allowed to ………………………
5. …….. are also part of the government.

Answer:

1. national
2. democracy
3. 1928
4. vote
5. Courts.

III. TRUE/FALSE

State whether the following statements are true CD or false (F).

1. Kings and queens get their power from the people they rule.
2. There was a time when the government did not allow women and the poor to participate in elections.
3. It was Gandhiji who demanded that all adults have the right to vote.
4. Men without property have no right to vote in a country like the USA.
5. In India, everyone who is eighteen or above eighteen enjoys the right to vote.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

IV.MATCHING SKILL

Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B.


Ans.(i)—(c), (ii)—(c), (iii)—(e), (iv)—(b), (v)—(a).

V.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name some institutions that are part of the government.
Ans: The Supreme Court, the Indian Railways, Bharat Petroleum.

2.List any two functions of the government.
Ans: (i)The government protects the boundaries of the country.

(ii)It maintains peaceful relations with other countries.
3. What happens when someone commits a crime?                                   [Imp.]
Ans: He/She finds himself/herself in court in such a situation.

4. Why is there a need to control resources and protect the territory of a country?
Ans: It is important so that people can feel secure.

5. At which three levels does the government work?
Ans:  The government works at the local level, at the state level and at the national level.

6. Under which circumstances a person may approach the court? [V. Imp.]
Ans:  If a person feels that a particular law is not being followed he/she may approach the court.

 7. What does the court do in such a situation?
Ans:  The court gives orders to the government about what should be done.

8. What do you mean by monarchy?
Ans:  Monarchy is a form of government in which the monarch (king or queen) has the power to make decisions and run the government.

9. What do you mean by representative democracies?                                                  [V. Imp.]
Ans:  In representative democracies, people do not participate directly but, instead, choose their representatives through an election process. These representatives meet and make decisions for the entire population.

 10. What do you mean by universal adult franchise?
Ans:  Universal adult franchise means that all adults in the country are allowed to vote.

 11. What was the unfair practice in Gandhi’s eyes?
Ans:  In pre-independent India, only a small minority was allowed to vote. It is they who determined the fate of the majority. This very practice was seen as an unfair practice by Gandhiji.

12. What did Gandhiji demand?
Ans:  Gandhiji demanded that all adults whether rich or poor, educated or literate have the right to vote.

VI.SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How does the government manage so many different things?                                       [V. Imp.]
Ans: The government has a variety of works to do. To discharge each and every responsibility smoothly, it works at three different levels, at the local level, at the level of the state, and at the national level. The local level means in your village, town or locality. The state-level would mean the entire state and the national level relates to the entire country.

2. How is democracy different from the monarchy?
Ans: Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. In this type of government, people are supreme because it is they who give the government power. The government has to explain its actions and defend its decisions to the people.

In a monarchy, it is the King or queen who has the power to make decisions and run the government. The monarch may have a small group of people to discuss matters with, but the final decision-making power remains with the monarch. Unlike in a democracy, kings and queens do not have to explain their actions or defend the decisions they make.

3. Can you say the earliest forms of government democratic? If not, why?[V. Imp.]
Ans: We can not say the earliest forms of government democratic because these governments did not allow women and the poor to participate in elections. In their earliest forms governments allowed only men who owned property and were educated, to vote. This meant that women, the poor, the property-less, and the uneducated were not allowed to vote. The country was governed by the rules and regulations that these few men made.

VII.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 1. What does the government do for the welfare of its citizens? [V. Imp.]
Ans: The government does a variety of works for the welfare of its citizens:

• It makes decisions and gets things done.
• It builds roads and schools.
• It takes decisions about how to reduce the price of essential goods when they get too expensive or ways to increase the supply of electricity.
• It supervises postal and railway services.
• At the time of natural calamities, it organizes aid and assistance for the affected people.
• It makes laws for the safety of its citizens. For example, there is a law that says that all persons driving a two-wheeler must wear a helmet.

2. What was the voting system in India before Independence? What ideas did Gandhiji express in the journal Young India about the voting system?                                                      [Imp.]
Ans: In India, before Independence, only a small minority enjoyed the voting right. This was shocking for Gandhiji. He firmly disapproved this system and advocated for the universal adult franchise which gives all adults the right to vote.

Expressing his ideas in the journal Young India in 1931 Gandhiji said that it is discriminating to deprive poor and illiterate people of voting rights. Snatching the right to vote from a person simply because he is poor or illiterate is in no way justified. A poor or illiterate is also a citizen of the country and he has every right to enjoy all privileges existing in the country. Thus, Gandhiji was very much fair and favoured the system that would provide the equal voting rights to all.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination

1. Match the following statements in a way that challenges stereotypes:

Ans:  (a).3.Remark. Many people have formed a stereotype that people living in cities or having influential jobs like surgeon are busy and do not give time to their family. But this example proves that feelings for the family are universal and the surgeon wanted to talk to her daughter.

(b).4.Remark. This challenges the stereotype that crippled children are good for nothing. But the truth is that they have only one, or probably two defective organs, but they can still use their mind and talent and win prizes like this boy. .
(c).1.Remark. This challenges the stereotype that chronic asthma patients can not run fast or take part in sports.
(d).(2)Remark. This challenges the stereotype that only influential and high- class people can dream big. Even poor people can dream big and prove themselves.

2. How can the stereotype that girls are a burden on their parents affects the life of a daughter? Imagine this situation and list at least Jive different effects that this stereotype can have on the way daughters get treated in the house.
Ans:
The Stereotype that girls are a burden on their parents affect the life of a daughter in the following ways:

• They are not properly cared for.
• They are not given preference for higher education.
• They are not allowed to attend/join schools.
• They are married early.
• They are not provided nourishing food.
• They are engaged early in household works/chores.

3. What does the Constitution say with regard to equality? Why do you think it is important for all people to be equal?
Ans: Our Constitution provides that the state shall not discriminate against any citizen on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or region. It is important for all people to be equal because only then our society would develop in the true sense of the term. It is our right to be treated equally. It is our right to be given due respect. It is our right to be given equal opportunities. In absence of all these, our life would be hell. Our personality would be suppressed. Hence, we need equality so that we may go ahead without any hindrances. We may prove ourselves helpful in the development of the society and country.

4. Sometimes people make prejudiced comments in our presence. We are often not in a position to do anything about this because it is difficult to say something right then and there. Divide the class into groups and each group discuss what they could do in one of the following situations:

1. A friend begins to tease a classmate because he is poor.
2. You are watching TV with your family and one of them makes a prejudicial comment about a particular religious community.
3. Children in your class refuse to share their food with a particular person because they think she is dirty.
4. Someone tells you a joke that makes fun of a community because of their accent.
5. Some boys make remarks about girls not being able to play games as well as them.

Discuss in class what the different groups have suggested for the above situations, and also talk about the problems that can come up when raising the issue.

Ans:

1. The Classmate needs to be advised not to do so.
2. would stop him or her at the first instance.
3. They would be asked to see her qualities of head and heart and not of her dirtiness.
4. Advice.
5. They would be asked not to do so.
   Now discuss this yourself in the class in groups.

I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The number of major religions in the world is …………………
(a) six
(b) seven
(c) eight
(d) nine.

(ii) An important reason why Muslim girls do not attend a school or drop out of school after a few years is ………….
(a) poverty
(b) superstition
(c) lack of willingness to go to school
(d) None of the above.

(iii) ……… the community was treated as untouchables in the Bombay Presidency.
(a) Koli
(b) Mahar
(c) Nayar
(d) Munda.

(iv)……… is known as the leader of the Dalits.
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Guru Teg Bahadur
(c) Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar
(d) Sardar Valla Bhai Patel
 

(v) India is a secular country—It means ………………
(a) People of different religions have the freedom to practise their religion with any discrimination.
(b) People of a single religion, i.e. Hinduism are allowed to live in the country.
(c) People of India have the freedom to live in any part of the country.
(d) All Indians are equal on the basis of caste and creed.

Answer:
(i) – (c), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (b), (iv) – (c), (v) – (a).

II.FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. ……… fought for the rights of the Dalits.
2. The upper castes did not give the so-called ………………..  the same rights as they enjoyed.
3. If you do something to put other people down, you are ……………….  against them.
4. People usually form certain altitudes and opinions about others who Eire not them.
5. ……. stop us from looking at each person as a unique individual with his/her own special qualities and skills that are different from others.

Answer:

1. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar
2. untouchables
3. discriminating
4. like
5. Stereotypes.

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. We have more than 1600 languages that are people’s mother tongue.
2. We feel secure with people who are very different from us.
3. Dalits are referred to as Scheduled Tribe (ST).
4. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar belonged to the Mahar caste which was considered untouchable.
5. Government jobs are open to the people who come from the upper caste.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False.

I.MATCHING SKILL

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Ans. (i)—(c), (ii)—(a), (iii)—(d), (iv)—(c).

V.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How do we feel in the company of the people who are very much like us?
Ans: We feel safe and secure in the company of such people.

2. Define the term ‘prejudice’ with an example.
Ans: Prejudice means to judge other people negatively or see them as inferior. For example, if we think that Hindi is the best language and other languages are not important, we are judging these other languages negatively.

3. How do parents often console boys when they fall and hurt themselves?
Ans. Parents say, “Boys are brave, they don’t cry”. ‘

4. Mention one drawback of stereotypes. [Imp.]
Ans: Stereotypes prevent us from doing certain things that we might otherwise be good at.

5. ‘Some people may experience both kinds of discrimination. ’ What do you mean by ‘both kinds of discrimination’? . [V. Imp.]
Ans: Some people are poor and they belong to groups whose culture is not valued.

6. Mention some activities which are considered less valued.
Ans: Activities like cleaning, washing, cutting hair, picking garbage are considered less valued.

7. Who was Bhim Rao Ambedkar?
Ans: He was a noted Dalit leader. He himself was a Dalit and fought for the rights of the Dalits.

8. What is it that can unite all Indians? [V. Imp.]
Ans: It is equality of all persons that can unite all Indians.

9. What responsibility has been placed on the government by the Constitution?
Ans: It is the responsibility of the government to take specific steps to realise the right to equality for poor and other marginal communities.

10. ‘India is a secular country’. What does this mean?
Ans: This means that people of different religions and faiths have the freedom to practise and follow their religion without any fear of discrimination.

Q.11. What does the first page of our Constitution proclaim?
Ans: All Indians are entitled to equality of status and opportunity.

VI. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What do you mean by difference and prejudice? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Difference is the variation in the use of language, status, religion, educational background or geographical setting. It is natural. Prejudice is an idea which is affected with a negative feeling for those who are different from us.

2. What is the demerit of the ‘stereotype’ view?
Ans: Stereotype is a negative quality. It does not allow us to think or view a person as a unique individual. We ignore all his good qualities. We don’t think about that individual beyond the set image otherwise he/she is good.

3. How does discrimination occur?                              [V. Imp.]
Ans: Discrimination is a negative aspect in a social set up. It occurs if we act on prejudices or stereotypes. It promotes ignorance of a particular class or individual in society. Such class or individual is debarred from all opportunities.

VII.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between inequality and discrimination. [V. Imp.]
Ans: Inequality and discrimination are the two different concepts. But they are related closely to each other. Inequality may be the difference between caste, creed, culture, language, region, economic status, educational background, etc. Every one differs from the other in society. Discrimination takes place when one acts against an individual or a community on the basis of difference.

A whim or a prejudice works behind it. If one tries to exploit the other’s individual who is down in status in any way it is called discrimination. That discriminated individual or community is devoid of the common opportunity or facility provided by the society. It is not at all healthy for a good society.

2. What are the Constitutional provisions for establishing equality in Indian society? Do you think these are enough?                                                                                          ,
Ans: Right from the beginning of the social set-up, India has been a victim of inequality and discrimination. Society was divided into four main castes. All the opportunities were confined to the upper class. Some of the castes were considered so low that people even scared of their shadow. It created a great disparity in society. With the spread of education, a consciousness against this evil system was aroused. After getting independence the Constitution makers had strong arguments against this system. So, it was declared a crime in our Constitution.

It was declared that the Constitution would provide equality and right against discrimination to the citizens of India. The reservation was provided for those discriminated people in every field of life. But still, it is a fact the system persists. Only Constitutional provisions are not enough. It is observed that even after reservation, these people lay behind. They prefer earning their livelihood than going to school. A compulsory educational system should be developed. Mass consciousness is needed otherwise, we can’t hope more.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Understanding Diversity

1. Draw up a list of the different festivals celebrated in your locality. Which of these celebrations are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?
Ans: Festivals shared by different regional and religious communities are:

• Independence Day
• Republic Day
• Gandhi Jayanti

These are our national festivals, so every Indian celebrates them irrespective of region and religion.

2.What do you think living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to your life?
Ans: Yes, living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to our life in the following ways:

• We know different people, their culture, customs, traditions, backgrounds. These diverse things add to our life.
• Geographical diversities decide our way of life, our food, our occupations and many other things.
• We relish our customs and traditions.

3. Do you think the term “unity in diversity” is an appropriate term to describe India? What do you think Nehru is trying to say about Indian unity in the sentence quoted above from his book “The Discovery of India”?
Ans:
Yes, we think that the term ‘unity in diversity’ is an appropriate term to describe India.
Diversities:

1. Geographical diversities like different physical features, climates, vegetations, rivers and lakes.
2. Cultural diversities like different languages, religions, communities, customs, traditions, festivals, rituals, etc.
   Despite all these diversities there is unity among the people.
   • They are one.
   • They stood against the British and threw the mighty empire by adopting Ahimsa and peaceful means.
   • All the people belonging to various regions are one when the country’s interests are involved.
   • In natural disasters they whole-heartedly contribute for mitigating the sufferings of the people.

4. Underline the line in the poem sung after the Jallianwalla massacre, which according to you, reflects India’s essential unity.
Ans: Don’t forget the days of blood, O friend
In the midst of your happiness remember to shed a tear for us
The hunter has tom away every single flower
Do plant a flower in the desert garden dear friend
Having fallen to bullets we slept in Jallianwalla Bagh
Do light a lamp on this lonely grave O friend
The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today
Do soak your robe in this river of blood dear friend
Some rot in jails while others lie in their graves
Do shed a few tears for them O friend.
The underlined line reflects India’s unity.
When it came to struggling for freedom of the country, the Hindus and Muslims came together to fight and ‘their blood flows together’.

5. Choose another region in India and do a similar study of the historical and geographical factors that influences the diversity found there. Are these historical and geographical factors connected to each other? How?
Ans: Do yourself.

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) Samir Do thought Samir Ek did not know……………
(a) English
(b) Hindi
(c) Punjabi
(d) Urdu

(ii) Samir Do’s family lived in…………
(a) Delhi
(b) Meerut
(c) Bihar
(d)  Jaipur.

(iii) Which of these not an example of inequality?
(a) casting the vote for electing a government
(b) belonging to a different religion
(c) speaking one language and not another
(d) earning money.

(iv) Which of these is not a reason for diversify?
(a) history of a region
(b) habitat of a person

(v) Ladakh is a desert in the state of…………….
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Rajasthan.

Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (b), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (d), (v) – (c).

II.FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. A caste system is a form of……………
2. Inequality comes when a person does not have access to…………. and…………..
3. A country’s customs, religions, arts, and history constitute its ……………..
4. People travelled in search of…………..
5. When people travel to other places, ……….. of cultures takes place.
6. Habitat is associated with the ………. one lives in.
7. Both Kerala and Ladakh were influenced by……… and………..
8. A British general opened fire on a public meeting in………… on April 13, 1919.
9. The Discovery of India’ is a book by………..

Answer:

1. inequality
2. resources, opportunities
3. culture
4. new lands and people
5. intermixing
6. geographical area
7. Chinese, Arab
8. Jallianwalla Bagh
9. Jawahar Lai Nehru.

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether each of these sentences is true (T) or false (F).

1. All Indians share the national anthem.
2. All Indians have the same national language.
3. All Indians speak the same language.
4. Pt. Nehru was the first President of India.
5. The caste system is an example of diversity.
6. Kerala and Ladakh are in different parts of India.
7. The geography of Ladakh allows the cultivation of spices.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False

IV.MATCHING SKILL

Ans. (i)(d)     (ii)(e)   (iii)(c)   (iv)(b)     (v)(a)

I.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.Give an example of diversity in India.
Ans: The people of India, living in different parts, speak different languages.

2. Give an example of unity in diversity among Indians.
Ans: All Indians share the same national pride of having India as their motherland.

3. Why did Samir Do, the paper boy, think the author did not know Hindi?
Ans: Samir Do, the paper boy, thought the author looked like a foreigner, so he could not know Hindi.

4. Why was Samir Do tense?
Ans: Samir Do was tense because riots had broken out in Meerut, where his family lived.

 5. Give one example to show why diversity is important in our lives.
Ans: If all had similar lives in aspects of region, religion, opportunities, etc., then writers would lack innovation.

 6. Give one way in which Kerala and Ladakh are different.
Ans: Kerala is famous for the cultivation of spices. Ladakh is famous for growing wool.

 7. What is Ladakh known as?
Ans: Ladakh is known as Little Tibet.

 8. Mention the different religions that are practised in Kerala.
Ans: The people of Kerala practice many different religions, such as Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

9. How can you say that the history of Kerala and Ladakh has been similar cultural influences?
Ans: Both regions were influenced by Chinese and Arab traders.

10. How was the Indian flag used during the freedom struggle?
Ans: During the freedom struggle the Indian flag was used as a symbol of protest against the British by people everywhere.

II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. ‘India is a country of many diversities’. Explain giving examples. [V. Imp.]
Ans: Ope of the special features of India is that it is a country of many diversities. For example.

• We speak different languages, such as Hindi, Punjabi, Gujarati, etc.
• We eat different kinds of food, such as chawal, dal, Razma, idli, dosa, Roti, etc.
• We celebrate different festivals, such as Holi, Diwali, Id, Guru Parv, Christmas, Baishakhi, etc.
• We practise different religions, such as Hinduism, Islam, Shikhism, Christianity, etc.
• We wear different types of clothes, such as saree-blouse, Kurta-pyjama, shirt- pant, etc.

2. India’s diversity has always been recognised as a source of its strength Explain.
Ans: It is a fact that India’s diversity has always been recognised as a source of its strength. It became clear when the country was struggling against British rule. People from different cultural, religious, and regional backgrounds came forward together to oppose the British government in India. They worked together to decide joint actions, they went to jail together and they found different ways to oppose the British.

The British thought that they could divide Indians because they were so different and then continue to rule them. But it was their illusion. Although Indians were so different, they were united from within at the question of the British government in India. They were ‘one’ in their battle against the British. They cherished the same goal to banish the British from India as soon as possible.

3. How are history and geography tied in the cultural life of a region? Explain giving examples of Kerala and Ladakh. [V. Imp.]
Ans: Kerala and Ladakh are quite different in terms of their geographical features. It was the geography of Kerala which made the possibility of spice cultivation there. So far Ladakh in concerned, its special geographical location flourished the business of wool collection among the Ladakhi people. The people of Ladakh carefully collect the wool of the sheep and sell it to the traders from Kashmir. The history of both regions has been affected by similar cultural influences. Both regions were influenced by Chinese and Arab traders. Thus, we can say the history and geography are often tied in the cultural life of a region.

4. What does diversity add to our lives? [Imp.]
Ans: Diversity is dissimilarity in the way of our life. It is observed in religious functions, in festivals, in language, etc. One thing that is unique about diversity is that it teaches us to live and adjust ourselves in broad society. Our Constitution believes in respect to all human beings in a similar way. Diversity makes us tolerant and just. We know how to behave with other people belonging to different caste, creed, or culture.

III.LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How do we explain diversity?                       [V. Imp.]
Ans:  Diversity is the term that applies to dissimilarities. It may be in language, food, culture, living, religion, etc. India is a unique country where one can observe it extensively. There are a number of festivals, languages, dresses, religions, etc. in India. Still, the people of India are Indians and they salute the one flag and sing one national anthem. It is unity in diversity. Diversity occurs when we travel to different parts of the world.

Since time immemorial people have been visiting different lands in order to learn something and for trade. They adopted different styles, languages, and cultures from all those places. Diversity also occurs due to geographical variations and natural calamities. For example, Kashmir is a cold place and the temperature goes even below 0°C. Naturally, Kashmiri people wear woolen clothes, eat and drink hot food. On the other hand, people in desert areas use different clothes because it is veiy hot there.

 2. List three ways in which the different geographical location of Kerala and Ladakh
would influence the following:

• The food people eat
• The clothes they wear
• The work they do.

Ans:

The food people eat. Ladakh is a desert in the mountains in the eastern part of the Jammu & Kashmir. Veiy little agriculture is possible here. It is therefore people here keep sheep, goats, cows and dzos for their living. They eat meat and milk products like cheese and butter. Kerala is a coastal region. The fertile land and climate are suited to growing rice and a majority of people here eat rice, fish and vegetables.

The clothes they wear. Ladakhi people wear woollen clothes including pashmina shawls because it is very cold there. The people of Kerala wear cotton clothes.

The work they do. The people of Ladakh rear sheep for its wool. They carefully collect the wool of the sheep and sell this to traders from Kashmir. The main occupations of the people of Kerala are fishing and farming. People grow rice in huge quantities. They also grow a number of spices like pepper, cloves and cardamoms. It is spices that made this region an attractive place for traders.

राम का राज्याभिषेक सार NCERT Class 6th Hindi

विभीषण चाहते थे कि राम कुछ दिन नई लंका में रुककर विश्राम करें लेकिन राम चौदह वर्ष पूरे होने पर अयोध्या पहुँचना चाहते थे क्योंकि उनके न पहुँचने पर भरत ने प्राण दे देने की प्रतिज्ञा की हुई थी। विभीषण ने एक प्रस्ताव रखा कि वह भी अयोध्या में राज्याभिषेक देखना चाहते हैं। राम ने उनका आग्रह स्वीकार किया। वे पुष्पक विमान पर सवार होकर चले। किष्किन्धा में सुग्रीव की रानियाँ भी विमान में सवार हुईं। राम सीता को मार्ग में पड़ने वाले प्रमुख स्थानों के बारे में बता रहे थे| उनका विमान गंगा-यमुना के संगम पर स्थित ऋषि भारद्वाज के आश्रम के पास उतरा। उनके आश्रम में सबने रात बिताई|

अयोध्या जाने से पूर्व राम ने हनुमान को अयोध्या भेजा। वे हनुमान द्वारा अयोध्या का हाल जानना चाहते थे। वे भरत का मन जानना चाहते थे कि कहीं इन चौदह वर्षों में भरत को सत्ता का मोह तो नहीं हो गया? हनुमान वायु वेग़ से उड़कर अयोध्या की ओर चले। उन्होंने मार्ग में निषादराज गुह से मिलकर अयोध्या का हाल पता किया। हनुमान नन्दीग्राम पहुँचकर भरत को राम के आने की सूचना दी। भरत सूचना पाकर प्रसन्न हुए। हनुमान भरत से विदा लेकर राम के पास लौट आए।

अयोध्या में उत्सव की तैयारियाँ होने लगीं। राम का विमान नन्दीग्राम में उतरा। उन्होंने भरत को गले लगाया और माताओं को प्रणाम किया। भरत राम की खड़ाऊँ उठा लाए और राम को पहनाईं। राम-लक्ष्मण और सीता ने नंदीग्राम में ही तपस्वी वस्त्र उतार कर राजसी वस्त्र पहन लिए और अयोध्या नगरी में प्रवेश किया|

राजमहल पहुँचने पर मुनि वशिष्ठ ने कहा कि सुबह राम का राज्याभिषेक होगा| पूरा नगर सजाया गया था| शत्रुघ्न ने राज्याभिषेक की सब तैयारियाँ पहले से ही कर दी थीं। रात के समय समस्त नगर में दीपोत्सव मनाया गया।

अगले दिन मुनि वशिष्ठ ने राम का राजतिलक किया। राम और सीता सोने के रत्नजड़ित सिंहासन पर बैठे तथा लक्ष्मण, भरत और शत्रुघ्न उनके पास खड़े थे। हनुमान नीचे बैठ गए। माताओं ने आरती उतारी। सबको उपहार दिए गए। सीता ने अपने गले का हार हनुमान को दिया। धीरे-धीरे सभी अतिथि विदा हो गए तथा ऋषि-मुनि अपने-अपने आश्रमों में चले गए। हनुमान राम की सेवा में ही रहे। राम ने लंबे समय तक राज्य किया। उनके राज्य में किसी को कष्ट नहीं हुआ|
शब्दार्थ –

• सान्निध्य – साथ रहना
• अनुरोध – प्रार्थना
• कोषागार – खजाना
• सेतुबंध – पुल
• शिरोमणि – सरताज
• भव्य – शानदार

• जयघोष – जय-जयकार के नारे
• बाना – वस्त्र
• आह्लादित – प्रसन्न
• विरत – अलग
• सुवासित – सुगन्धित
• झंकृत – मधुर ध्वनि से युक्त
• मंगलाचार – मंगल गीत
• याण – जाना
• स्मृतियाँ – यादें

लंका विजय सार NCERT Class 6th Hindi

लंका पर आक्रमण करने के लिए वानरसेना किष्किंधा से दहाड़ती, गरजती किलकारियाँ भरती रवाना हुई। समुद्र के किनारे महेंद्र पर्वत पर आकर सेना ने डेरा डाला। सेना का नेतृत्त्व नल कर रहे थे। सुग्रीव के सेनापति जामवंत व हनुमान सबसे पीछे थे। राम की शक्तियों को लेकर राक्षसों के मन में डर बैठ गया था। राक्षसों को हताशा देखकर विभीषण ने रावण को जाकर समझाया कि वह राम को सीता लौटा दे क्योंकि हताश सेना युद्ध नहीं कर सकती। रावण को इस बात पर क्रोध आ गया और उसने विभीषण को अपना शत्रु बताकर लंका से निकल जाने के लिए कहा।

विभीषण उसी रात लंका से निकल गए। वे अपने चार सेवकों के साथ समुद्र पार कर राम के शिविर में पहुंच गए और सुग्रीव से कहा कि वे लंका के राजा रावण के छोटे भाई विभीषण हैं और श्री राम की शरण में आए हैं। सुग्रीव विभीषण को राम के पास ले गए। राम ने उनका स्वागत-सत्कार किया। विभीषण ने राम को रावण, लंका और उसकी सेना की जानकारी दी। राम ने उन्हें लंका की राजगद्दी देने का आश्वासन दिया|

राम की सेना के सामने एक बड़ी चुनौती समुद्र थी। समुद्र के कहने पर नल ने समुद्र पर पाँच दिन में पुल बना दिया जिसके द्वारा सारी वानर-सेना समुद्र पार कर लंका के किनारे पहुँच गई। यह खबर सुनकर रावण ने भी अपने सैनिकों को तैयार रहने के आदेश दे दिए|

राम ने अपनी सेना को चार भागों में बाँट कर लंका को घेरने का आदेश दिया| राम ने अंगद को भेजकर सुलह करने का अंतिम प्रयास करने की कोशिश की परन्तु रावण ने इसे ठुकरा दिया|

भयानक युद्ध हुआ। दोनों ओर से अनेक वीर योद्धा मारे गए। मेघनाद ने रावण की ओर से मोर्चा संभाला| उसके बाण से राम और लक्ष्मण मूर्च्छित होकर गिर गए| मेघनाद ने उन्हें मृत समझा और रावण को सूचना देने महल की ओर दौड़ गया। विभीषण के उपचार से राम-लक्ष्मण की मूर्च्छा दूर हो गई।

रावण की सेना के अनेक महाबली मारे गए| ये सुनकर रावण ने कमान संभाल ली| राम के बाणों ने उसका मुकुट धरती पर गिरा दिया| उसने लौटकर कुम्भकर्ण को जगाया| उसे देखकर वानर सेना में खलबली मच गयी| उसने हनुमान और अंगद को घायल कर दिया| राम और लक्ष्मण ने बाणों की वर्षा से कुम्भकर्ण को मार दिया| रावण निराश हो गया|

मेघनाद ने रावण को संभाला| मेघनाद और लक्ष्मण के बीच भीषण युद्ध हुआ| अंत में लक्ष्मण ने महल में मेघनाद को मार गिराया| अकेला बचा रावण युद्ध के लिए निकला विभीषण को राम की सेना में देख रावण उबल पड़ा। उसने विभीषण पर निशाना लगाया। लक्ष्मण ने बाण बीच में ही काट दिया। दूसरा चलाया तो लक्ष्मण बीच में आ गए जिससे वे अचेत हो गए। वैद्य सुषेण को बुलाया गया। हनुमान संजीवनी बूटी लाए। सुग्रीव ने लक्ष्मण के स्वस्थ होने की सूचना राम तक पहुँचाई।

राम-रावण युद्ध भयानक था। रावण का एक बाण राम को लगा उनके रथ की ध्वजा कटकर गिर पड़ी। राम ने प्रहार किया। बाण रावण के मस्तक में लगा। रक्त की धारा बह निकली। रावण के हाथ से धनुष छूट गया। वह पृथ्वी पर गिर पड़ा। मारा गया। बची हई राक्षस सेना जान बचाकर भागी। रणक्षेत्र में केवल विभीषण दु:खी था।राम ने विभीषण को समझाया| विभीषण को लंका का राजा बनाया गया|  सीता को अशोक वाटिका से लाया गया। सीता आई तो सबको अपनी कल्पनाओं से ऊपर सुन्दर सौम्य लगी।

शब्दार्थ –

• कूच – प्रस्थान
• अनभिज्ञ – अनजान
• शुभचिंतक – शुभ चाहने वाले
• विस्मय – हैरानी
• चौतरफा – चारों तरफ से
• वैभव – समृद्धि
• शस्त्रागार – जहाँ शस्त्र रखें जाते हैं
• तुमुलनाद – हर्षयुक्त ध्वनि
• अंत्येष्टि – मरने के बाद होने वाला क्रिया कर्म
• अंक-गोद

लंका में हनुमान सार NCERT Class 6th Hindi

जब जामवंत ने हनुमान को उनकी शक्ति याद दिलाई तो पर्वत की चोटी पर खड़े हुए हनुमान ने समुद्र की ओर देखा| हनुमान ने पूर्व दिशा की ओर मुँह करके पिता को प्रणाम किया। उन्होंने पर्वत पर झुककर उसे हाथ-पैर से कसकर दबाया और छलांग लगाई और आकाश में उड़ने लगे। पर्वत के कुछ हिस्से टूट कर गिर गए| पर्वत के नीचे की घाटी में वृक्ष काँप गए, चट्टानें नीचे लुढ़कने लगी, पशु-पक्षी चिल्लाकर भागने लगे, धुआँ उठने लगा परंतु हनुमान वायु की गति से आगे बढ़ते गए। समुद्र के बीच में स्थित मैनाक पर्वत हनुमान को विश्राम देना चाहता था परंतु हनुमान मैनाक से टकराकर निकल गए। रास्ते में राक्षसी सुरसा मिली, वह हनुमान को खाना चाहती थी हनुमान उसके मुँह में घुसकर निकल आए। राक्षसी सिंहिका ने जल में हनुमान की परछाई पकड़ ली तो उन्होंने उसे भी मार डाला।

हनुमान जब सागर पार उतरे तो उन्हें सोने की जगमगाती हुई लंका दिखाई दी। एक पहाड़ी पर खड़े होकर हनुमान ने लंका नगरी को देखा जो उन्हें बहुत खुबसूरत लगी| उन्होंने दिन के समय लंका में प्रवेश करना उचित न समझा और शाम ढलने पर नगरी में प्रवेश किया। वे कूदते-फाँदते राजमहल में पहुँचे परंतु उन्हें वहाँ किसी भी कक्ष में सीता जैसी कोई स्त्री नहीं दिखाई दी। उन्होंने राक्षसों के घर, पशुशालाएँ आदि भी देख लीं परंतु सीता कहीं नहीं थी। रात हो गयी थी| तभी उनका ध्यान अशोक वाटिका की ओर गया। वे निराश होकर एक घने पेड़ में छिपकर बैठ गए और इधर-उधर देखने लगे। वहाँ से उन्हें अट्टाहास सुनाई पड़ा। राक्षसियों के बीच एक स्त्री बैठी थी। हनुमान देखते ही पहचान गए यह सीता माँ हैं| राक्षसियाँ सीता के पास से हट नहीं रही थीं।

तभी वहाँ रावण आया और सीता को अनेक प्रकार के लालच देकर अपनी रानी बनने के लिए कहा परंतु सीता ने उसे राम के पास पहुंचाने के लिए कहा अन्यथा अपने विनाश के लिए तैयार रहने को कहा| रावण सीता को दो महीने का वक़्त देकर वहाँ से चला गया| धीरे-धीरे सारी राक्षसियाँ वहाँ से चली गयीं| राक्षसियों के जाने के बाद हनुमान ने पेड़ पर बैठे-बैठे राम-कथा प्रारंभ कर दी। सीता जी ने ऊपर देखकर पूछा कि वह कौन था? हनुमान ने नीचे आकर सीता को प्रणाम कर राम की अंगूठी देकर स्वयं को राम का दास बताया। वह यहाँ उनका समाचार लेने आया है। सीता ने राम का कुशल समाचार पूछा। हनुमान सीता जी को कंधे पर बैठाकर राम के पास ले जाना चाहते थे परंतु सीता ने इसे सही नहीं माना और राम तक अपना संदेश पहुँचाने के लिए कहा। हनुमान सीता से विदा लेकर चल पड़े।

हनुमान लौटने के लिए उत्तर दिशा की ओर जाने ही लगे थे कि कुछ सोचकर रुक गए। उन्होंने रावण का उपवन नष्ट कर दिया और अशोक वाटिका के कई वृक्ष उखाड़ दिए| कई राक्षसों को मार गिराया और रावण के पुत्र अक्षकुमार को भी मार दिया| राक्षसों ने रावण को इसकी सूचना दी| मेघनाद ने हनुमान को बाँधकर रावण के सामने दरबार में उपस्थित किया। रावण ने जब हनुमान से उसका परिचय पूछा तो उसने बताया कि वह श्रीराम का दास हनुमान है और सीता जी की खोज में आया था। रावण हनुमान को मारना चाहता था परंतु विभीषण ने कहा कि दूत को मारना अनुचित है इसलिए रावण ने हनुमान को बाँधकर उनकी पूँछ में आग लगाने का आदेश दिया। हनुमान ने उछल-कूद करते हुए सारी लंका में आग लगा दी।

दूसरे तट पर सभी हनुमान की प्रतीक्षा कर रहे थे। हनुमान ने वहाँ जाकर संक्षेप में लंका की घटना की जानकारी वानरों को दी| समाचार पाकर सभी वानर किलकारियाँ मारते हुए किष्किंधा पहुँच गए। हनुमान ने सीता जी द्वारा दिया आभूषण राम को दिया और उनके बारे में बताया| उन्होंने राम से कहा कि वे आपकी प्रतीक्षा कर रही हैं| का पर आक्रमण की तैयारियाँ होने लगीं। सुग्रीव ने लक्ष्मण के साथ बैठकर युद्ध की योजना बनाई तथा हनुमान, अंगद, जामवंत, नल और नील की योग्यता के अनुसार भूमिकाएँ तय की गईं।

शब्दार्थ –

• शिखर – चोटी
• निश्चल – स्थिर
• दरक-दरार
• सदिच्छा – शुभकामना
• पवनपुत्र – हनुमान
• गंतव्य-लक्ष्य
• प्राचीर – चारदीवारी