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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th English Beehive are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 English Chapter 1

Page No: 10
Thinking About Text

I.  Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each.

1. How old are Margie and Tommy?
2. What did Margie write in her diary?
3. Had Margie ever seen a book before?
4. What things about the book did she find strange?
5. What do you think a telebook is?
6. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates?
7. What subjects did Margie and Tommy learn?
Answer
1. Margie is eleven and Tommy is thirteen-year-old.
2. Margie wrote, “Today Tommy found a real book!”.
3. No, Margie had never seen a book before.
4. Margie found it strange that the words printed on a book stood still instead of moving the way they did on a screen. She also found it odd that the words on a page always remained the same as the first time they were read. Besides, the idea that someone would write a book about schools was itself strange for Margie.
5. A book that can be displayed on a screen is called telebook.
6. Margie’s school was in her home itself, right next to her bedroom. No, she did not have any classmates.
7. Margie and Tommy learned geography, history and arithmetic.

II. Answer the following with reference to the story.

1. “I wouldn’t throw it away.”
(i) Who says these words?
(ii) What does ‘it’ refer to?
(iii) What is it being compared with by the speaker?

Answer

(i) Tommy said these words.
(ii) ‘It’ refers to the television screen, on which you could read over a million books
(iii) Tommy is comparing the television screen to the real books in earlier times in which words were printed on paper. He thought that after reading such books, one would have to throw them away. However, he would never have to throw away his telebooks.

2. “Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.”
(i) Who does ‘they’ refer to?
(ii) What does ‘regular’ mean here?
(iii) What is it contrasted with?

Answer

(i) They refer to the students who studied in the old kind of schools centuries before the time the story is set in.
(ii) Here, ‘regular’ refers to the mechanical teachers that Tommy and Margie had.
(iii) The mechanical teacher is contrasted with the teacher of the earlier times, who was a human being.

III. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (about 30 words).

1. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have?

Answer

Margie and Tommy had mechanical teachers. They were large and black and ugly and had large black screens on which all the lessons were shown and questions were asked. These mechanical teachers had a slot in which the students had to put their homework and test papers. They had to write their answers in a punch code and the mechanical teacher calculated the marks immediately.

2. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector?

Answer

Margie had been given many tests in geography by the mechanical teacher, but there was no improvement in her performance. It only kept getting worse. It is for this reason that Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector to find out why this was happening.

3. What did he do?

Answer

The County Inspector gave Margie an apple and started working on the mechanical teacher. He took it apart and then checked it. Margie had hoped that the Inspector would not know how to put the mechanical teacher together again, but he managed to reassemble it. He slowed down the geography sector of the teacher because it was geared a little too quick for an average ten-year-old.

4. Why was Margie doing badly in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her?

Answer

Margie was doing badly in geography because the geography sector of the mechanical teacher had been geared a little too quick. The County Inspector rightly told her that she could not be blamed for her poor performance. The County Inspector slowed down the geography sector of the mechanical teacher to an average ten-year level. He also told Mrs. Jones that Margie’s overall progress pattern was satisfactory.

5. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?

Answer

Once, The history sector of Tommy’s teacher had once blanked out completely.

6. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why?

Answer

Yes, Margie had regular days and hours for school. This was because her mother believed that learning at regular hours helped little girls learn better. Her mechanical teacher was also on at the same time everyday except Saturday and Sunday.

7. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school?

Answer

Tommy described old kind of school as a special building where all kids studied together. There were hundreds of students studying and playing together. They used to shout and laugh together in an open yard.

8. How does he describe the old kind of teachers?

Answer

Tommy said that the old kind of teachers was men, who taught the students inside a special building. The teachers taught the children in groups and gave them homework and asked them questions.

IV. Answer each of these questions in two or three paragraphs (100 –150 words).

1. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the schoolrooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story?

Answer
https://9cb00e91b4d3b6a5410302650aa184b7.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.htmlMargie and Tommy had mechanical teachers. They had large black screens on which all the lessons were shown and questions were asked. They had a slot in which students had to put their homework and test papers. They had to write their answers in a punch code and the mechanical teacher calculated the marks immediately. Their schools were in their homes itself. They did not have any classmates. They learned geography, history and arithmetic. They had regular days and hours for school. Margie’s school was right next to her bedroom. The mechanical teacher always turned on at the same time every day except Saturdays and Sundays because her mother said that little girls learned better when they learned at regular hours.

2. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?

Answer

Margie hated school because it was not fun. A mechanical teacher used to teach her everyday at a fixed time. Recently, she had been doing badly in the geography tests that her mechanical teacher had been giving her. Her mother was not happy with the performance and sends for the County  Inspector, she hopes that the inspector would take the mechanical teacher away. She is disappointed when the County Inspector manages to assemble all the parts of the mechanical teacher. The part that she hated the most was inserting the homework and test papers in the slot on the mechanical teacher. She did not like the fact that she had to write her answers in a punch code. She thought that the old kind of school must have been fun as she imagined all the kids from the entire neighbourhood coming together, laughing and shouting in the schoolyard. She imagined that they would sit together in the classroom and go home together at the end of the day. They would learn the same things and could help one another with the homework and talk about it. Also, the teachers were people. All these aspects made her believe that the old kind of school must have been fun.

3. Do you agree with Margie that schools today are more fun than the school in the story? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer

Yes, I agree schools today are more fun than the school in the story. In the story, there is no interaction among students regarding studies. Studying and answering questions seems to be a boring idea. Doing homework without anybody’s help and writing them in a punch code would also be draining.  Moreover, children develop a better understanding about each other and of their surroundings when they go to a school and interact with each other. It is a healthier way of learning.
Listening to teachers explaining lessons is always more interesting than reading the entire lesson on a mechanical computer. Also, if any student faces any problem with the subject or in homework, he can discuss it with the teacher and other kids. It is impossible to discuss problems and situations with a mechanical teacher that is only programmed to teach in a particular manner.
The excitement of waiting to know the marks scored in exams is greater when one is sitting in a classroom with other students. It does not have the same effect when the marks are calculated immediately after a test has been taken.
Finally, the friends that you make at school are most probably the best friends that you will ever make in your entire life. The various qualities that you learn in school like obedience, respect, kindness for others, sharing, taking part in school games, sports, and other activities are all a part of school education today. Therefore, schools today are more fun than the school in the story as they are more interactive. They promote a healthy environment for the students to study and learn.

Page No: 11

Thinking about Language

1. Find the sentences in the lesson which have the adverbs given in the box below.
Awfully, sorrowfully, completely, loftily, carefully, differently, quickly, nonchalantly

Answer

1. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to − on a screen, you know.
The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully and sent for the County Inspector.
They had once taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month because the history sector had blanked out completely.
He added loftily, pronouncing the word carefully, “Centuries ago.”
“But my mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently.”
“I didn’t say I didn’t like it,” Margie said quickly.
“May be,” he said nonchalantly.

2. Now use these adverbs to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
(i) The report must be read _____________ so that performance can be improved.
(ii) At the interview, Sameer answered our questions _____________ , shrugging his shoulders.
(iii) We all behave ________________  when we are tired or hungry.
(iv) The teacher shook her head ____________ when Ravi lied to her.
(v) I __________ forgot about it.
(vi) When I complimented Revathi on her success, she just smiled ___________ and turned away.
(vii) The President of the Company is _____________ busy and will not be able to meet you.
(viii) I finished my work __________________ so that I could go out to play.

Answer

(i) The report must be read carefully so that performance can be improved.
(ii)  At the interview, Sameer answered our questions loftily, shrugging his shoulders.
(iii) We all behave differently when we are tired or hungry.
(iv) The teacher shook her head sorrowfully when Ravi lied to her.
(v) I completely forgot about it.
(vi) When I complimented Revathi on her success, she just smiled nonchalantly and turned away.
(vii) The President of the Company is awfully busy and will not be able to meet you.
(viii) I finished my work quickly so that I could go out to play.

Page No: 12

3. Make adverbs from these adjectives.
(i) angry ___________
(ii) happy __________
(iii) merry___________
(iv) sleepy __________
(v) easy ____________
(vi) noisy ___________
(vii) tidy ___________
(viii) gloomy ________

Answer

(i) Angrily
(ii) Happily
(iii) Merrily
(iv) Sleepily
(v) Easily
(vi) Noisily
(vii) Tidily
(viii) Gloomily

II. Complete the following conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verb.

1. If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, __________
2. If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, __________
3. Unless you promise to write back, I __________
4. If she doesn’t play any games, ___________
5. Unless that little bird flies away quickly, the cat ___________

Answer

1. If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, she will be angry.
2. If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, you will miss your evening meal.
3. Unless you promise to write back, I will not write to you.
4. If she doesn’t play any games, she will become dull and lazy.
5. Unless that little bird flies away quickly, the cat will pounce on it.

Important Links

Chapter Summary – Ch 1 The Fun they Had English

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 5

Page No: 111

Exercises

1. Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
(a) Workers from Bihar go to the Punjab to work on the farms
(b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools
(c) Men and women government employees get the same salary
(d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children
► (d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children

2. Which of the following freedoms is not available to an Indian citizen?
(a) Freedom to criticise the government
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution

Answer

(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution

3. Which of the following rights is available under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to work
(b) Right to adequate livelihood
(c) Right to protect one’s culture
(d) Right to privacy
► (c) Right to protect one’s culture

4. Name the Fundamental Right under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Freedom to propagate one’s religion
(b) Right to life
(c) Abolition of untouchability
(d) Ban on bonded labour

Answer

(a) Right to freedom of religion
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right to equality
(d) Right against exploitation

5. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid? Give reasons for your preference.
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.

Answer

(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens. Every country which provides rights to its citizens might not be a democracy but it is essential for a democracy to provide rights to its citizens.

6. Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of security.(b) Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the local population.
(c) The government bans the publication of a book that can go against the ruling party in the next elections.

Answer

(a) This is justified. Right to freedom is for all the citizens which grants to move freely anywhere in the country but due to security reasons some areas are restricted as the freedom of movement by every citizen can prove dangerous for the security of India.

(b) In certain cases this can be justified to maintain the cultural or ethnic identity of local population.

(c) This restriction can’t be justified as it violates the freedom of speech and expression right.

7. Manoj went to a college to apply for admission into an MBA course. The clerk refused to take his application and said You, the son of a sweeper, wish to be a manager! Has anyone done this job in your community? Go to the municipality office and apply for a sweeper’s positionâ€. Which of Manoj’s fundamental rights are being violated in this instance? Spell these out in a letter from Manoj to the district collector.

Answer

Right to equality is violated here as according to this every citizen of India before the law whether he is from upper or lower caste or rich or poor. Right of freedom is also violated as it grants personal liberty. He or She can carry any profession or business.

Page No: 112

8. When Madhurima went to the property registration office, the Registrar told her. “You can’t write your name as Madhurima Banerjee d/o A. K. Banerjee. You are married, so you must give your husband’s name. Your husband’s surname is Rao. So your name should be changed to Madhurima Rao.” She did not agree. She said “If my husband’s name has not changed after marriage, why should mine?” In your opinion who is right in this dispute? And why?

Answer

In this dispute, Madhurima is right. The Registrar, by questioning and interfering in her personal affairs, is violating her right to freedom. Also, the social question of adopting the husband’s surname has roots in a religious practice which treats women as weaker and inferior. In lieu of this, forcing Madhurima to change her name is an infringement on her right to equality and right to freedom of religion.

10. Draw a web interconnecting different rights discussed in this chapter. For example right to freedom of movement is connected to the freedom of occupation. One reason for this is that freedom of movement enables a person to go to place of work within one’s village or city or to another village, city or state. Similarly this right can be used for pilgrimage, connected with freedom to follow one’s religion. Draw a circle for each right and mark arrows that show connection between or among different rights. For each arrow, give an example that shows the linkage.

Answer

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 5 Democratic Rights 

Most Important Questions – Ch 5 Democratic Rights 

Important MCQs – Ch 5 Democratic Rights 

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 4

Page No: 93

Exercises

1. If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
► (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the houses.

2. Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
► (c) Home Minister

3. Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
► (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.

Page No: 94

4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
► (d) The Parliament

5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(i) Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down.	(iii) Ministry of Health
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

Answer

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the public distribution system will go down.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched	(iii) Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased	(i) Ministry of Defence

6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens.
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange.
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments.
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.

Answer

(a) Lok Sabha (The Finance Ministry)
(b) The Parliament
(c) The Supreme Court
(d) The Executive

7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people?
Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.

Answer

In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. This is to ensure that the Prime Minister secures a majority support. This prevents him/her from being either a puppet or a dictator since he/she has to function along with a council of ministers.

8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?

Answer

This film is unrealstic. A single man can’t don anything alone. He have to follow procedures and guides written in constitution. A personal rule without institutions is dangerous.

Page No: 95

9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?

Answer

I would choose to have a majority in the Lok Sabha as it is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people. The leader of political party which is in majority in Lok Sabha will be appointed as prime minister which is most powerful person in the country.

10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer

The view that Anjaiah had is corect according to my view.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 4 Working of Institutions 

Most Important Questions – Ch 4 Working of Institutions 

Important MCQs -Ch 4 Working of Institutions 

For Free Video Lectures, Click here

The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 3

Page No: 74

Excercises

1. Which of the following statements about the reasons for conducting elections are false?
(a) Elections enable people to judge the performance of the government.
(b) People select the representative of their choice in an election.
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
(d) People can indicate which policies they prefer.
► (c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.

2. Which of these is not a good reason to say that Indian elections aredemocratic?
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
(b) India’s Election Commission is very powerful.
(c) In India, everyone above the age of 18 has a right to vote.
(d) In India, the losing parties accept the electoral verdict.
► (a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.

3. Match the following: 

(a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up to date because	(i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our society
(b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs and STs so that	(ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their representatives
(c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that	(iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of competing in elections
(d) Party in power is not allowed to use government vehicles because	(iv) some people may have moved away from the area where they voted last

Answer

(a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up to date because	(iv) some people may have moved away from the area where they voted last
(b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs and STs so that	(i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our society
(c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that	(ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their representatives
(d) Party in power is not allowed to use government vehicles because	(iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of competing in elections

Page No: 75

4. List all the different election related activities mentioned in the chapter and arrange them in a time sequence, beginning with the first activity and ending with the last. Some of these activities are given below: releasing election manifestos; counting of votes; making of voters’ list; election campaign; declaration of election results; casting of votes; ordering of re-poll; announcing election schedule; filing nomination.

Answer

Making of voters’ list → Announcing election schedule → Releasing election manifesto → Election campaign → Filing nomination → Casting of votes → Ordering of re-poll → Counting of votes → Declaration of election results.

5. Surekha is an officer in-charge of ensuring free and fair elections in an assembly constituency in a state. Describe what should she focus on for each of the following stages of election:
(a) Election campaign
(b) Polling day
(c) Counting day

Answer

(a) She will have to focus on various duties such as ensure that candidates cannot bribe or threaten voters, expenditure limit is not crossed by a candidate, candidates not appeal to vote in the name of religion or caste, they not use worship place for campaign or use any government resources.

(b) She will have to crosscheck the voters’ list and check ID proof of the voters, booth capturing not tak place. Ensure that Free and fair election should be conducted.

(c) She have to look on counting is carried out, represntatives of all parties present at counting area in order to avoid malpractices,

6. The table below gives the proportion of different communities among the candidates who won elections to the US Congress. Compare these to the proportion of these communities in the population of the US.Based on this, would you suggest a system of reservations in the US Congress? If yes, why and for which communities? If no, why not?

	Proportion of the community (in per cent) in the
House of Representatives	Population of US
Blacks	8	13
Hispanics	5	13
Whites	86	70

Answer

Blacks and Hispanics should be given reservation in the US Congress as per their percentage in the US population.

7. Can we draw the following conclusions from the information given in this chapter? Give two facts to support your position for each of these.
(a) Election Commission of India does not have enough powers to conduct free and fair elections in the country.
(b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections in our country.
(c) It is very easy for the party in power to win an election.
(d)  Many reforms are needed to make our elections completely free and fair.

Answer

(a) The Election Commission of India is powerful enough to conduct free and fair elections:
→ It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.
→ In Elections, Government officials work under the EC and not the government.

(b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections:
→ Voter turnout has increased over the past years.
→ Election-related activities in the last few years have seen a larger participation by the people.

(c) It is not very easy for the party in power to win an election:
→ The ruling parties routinely lose elections.
→ Candidates who are known to spend a lot of money often lose elections.

(d) Certain Reforms are necessary to make our elections completely free and fair:
→ To ensure that indepents and small parties not suffer in elections.
→ To ensure candidates with criminal records not participate.

8. Chinappa was convicted for torturing his wife for dowry. Satbir was held guilty of practicing untouchability. The court did not allow either of them to contest elections. Does this decision go against the principles of democratic elections?

Answer

This decision does not go against the principles of democratic elections. Any person who is convicted for a crime has not right to remain a part of the society and hence has no right to contest the election.

9. Here are some reports of electoral malpractices from different parts of the world. Is there anything that these countries can learn from India to improve their elections? What would you suggest in each case?
(a) During an election in Nigeria, the officer in charge of counting votes deliberately increased the votes of one candidate and declared him elected. The court later found out that more than five lakh exercises votes cast for one candidate were counted in favour of another.

(b) Just before elections in Fiji, a pamphlet was distributed warning voters that a vote for former Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry will lead to bloodshed. This was a threat to voters of Indian origin.

(c) In the US, each state has its own method of voting, its own procedure of counting and its own authority for conducting elections. Authorities in the state of Florida took many controversial decisions that favoured Mr. Bush in the presidential elections in 2000. But no one could change those decisions.

Answer
(a) In this case, representatives of each candidate should be present to make sure that the votes are counted in a fair way.

(b) The election commission should set up an enquiry into the case and debar the candidate or party involved in distributing such pamphlets.

(c) There should be a single election commission which should be free from political influence and should be responsible for conducting elections throughout the country.

Page No: 76

10. Here are some reports of malpractices in Indian elections. Identify what the problem in each case is. What should be done to correct the situation?
(a) Following the announcement of elections, the minister promised to provide financial aid to reopen the closed sugar mill.
(b) Opposition parties alleged that their statements and campaign was not given due attention in Doordarshan and All India Radio.
(c) An inquiry by the Election Commission showed that electoral rolls of a state contain name of 20 lakh fake voters.
(d) The hoodlums of a political party were moving with guns, physically preventing supporters of other political parties to meet the voters and attacking meetings of other parties.

Answer

(a) After announcement of election, it is not legal to announce policy decisions according to Code of Conduct. The minister should be immediately taken to task by the Election Commission.

(b) The election commission must enusre that all politcal party are given equal oppurtunity to appear on Doordarshan and All India Radio. EC take action against misuse of this media.

(c) The presence of the fake voters means that the elections were rigged by the authorities who prepared the electoral rolls. The election commission should supervise preparation of fresh electoral rolls.

(d) By using hoodlums, the political party is terrorising its rivals. The election commission should order the arrest of the hoodlums and bar the party from the elections.

11. Ramesh was not in class when this chapter was being taught. He came the next day and repeated what he had heard from his father. Can you tell Ramesh what is wrong with these statements?
(a) Women always vote the way men tell them to. So what is the point of giving them the right to vote?
(b) Party politics creates tension in society. Elections should be decided by consensus not by competition.
(c) Only graduates should be allowed to stand as candidates for elections.

Answer

(a) The statement is wrong because the policy of secret ballot ensures that an individual can vote for whoever he/she wants. Women are fully capable of taking decisions on their own and selecting the candidate they like.

(b) Competition works as both deterrent and motivator for the political candidates. A fear of losing the election and a motivation for winning the elections works in favour of people.

(c) Educational qualification is not required to understand the people’s needs, and to represent their interests. Therefore, it is not necessary for politicians to be graduates.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 3 Electoral Politics

Most Important Questions – Ch 3 Electoral Politics

Important MCQs -Ch 3 Electoral Politics

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 2

Page No: 53

Exercises

1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.
(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.

Answer

(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that the country should be a democratic nation after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on the basic principles of the constitution.
(c) A country that is a democracy must have a constitution.
(d) Constitution can be amended to keep up with the changes in aspirations of the society.

2. Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?
(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours
(b) Between men and women
(c) Between the white majority and the black minority
(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
► (d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
3. Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?
(a) Powers of the head of the state
(b) Name of the head of the state
(c) Powers of the legislature
(d) Name of the country
► (b) Name of the head of the state

4. Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:

(a) Motilal Nehru (b) Β.R. Ambedkar (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Sarojini Naidu

(i) President of the Constituent Assembly (ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly (iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee (iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928

Answer

(a) Motilal Nehru	(iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928
(b) B.R. Ambedkar	(iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee
(c) Rajendra Prasad	(i) President of the Constituent Assembly
(d) Sarojini Naidu	(ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly

5. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following:
(a) Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?
(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?(c) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?

Answer

(a) Nehru used the expression “not wholly or in full measure” because according to him the task of building a nation is a gargantuan task which cannot be fulfilled in one’s lifetime.

(b) The pledge that he wanted the makers of the Indian Constitution to take was to dedicate their lives to the service of India, the Indian people and the humanity at large.

(c) He was referring to Mahatma Gandhi.

6. Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.

(a) Sovereign (b) Republic (c) Fraternity (d) Secular

(i) Government will not favour any religion.

(ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions.
(iii) Head of the state is an elected person.
(iv) People should live like brothers and sisters.
Answer

(a) Sovereign (b) Republic (c) Fraternity (d) Secular

(ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions. (iii) Head of the state is an elected person. (iv) People should live like brothers and sisters. (i) Government will not favour any religion.

Page No: 54

7. A friend from Nepal has written you a letter describing the political exercises situation there. Many political parties are opposing the rule of the king. Some of them say that the existing constitution given by the monarch can be amended to allow more powers to elected representatives. Others are demanding a new Constituent Assembly to write a republican constitution. Reply to your friend giving your opinions on the subject.

Answer

In my opinion second option is best. Making small amendments does not shift whole power in hands of representatives. This does not make total responsibilty on elected representatives what will happen in next years. So, a new and well drafted constitution is right choice.

8. Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?
(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule.
(b) Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.
(c) We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.

Answer

(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule.

(b) Freedom struggle was important in spreading the idea of nationalism in India and inculcating the practice of making decisions by consensus.

(c) The leaders had the desire to give freedoms to the people. India’s freedom struggle is the only example of a bloodless freedom struggle in the contemporary history. This could be possible because our nationalist leaders had the maturity to listen to others’ views.

9. Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of father, husband and son – all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?

Answer

The values expressed in this para is totally contradictory to the values underlying our constitution. Here, women are treated as weak while in our constitution men and women bothare treated equal. The governmental policies also favour women to bring them in mainstream.

10. Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.
(a) The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.
(b) Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.
(c) Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.
(d) A constitution is about institutions, not about values.

Answer

(a) Not True
Constitution is the supreme law. It describes how government elects and their powers, rights of citizens and their protection. This is totally different than any other law.

(b) TrueConstitution defines the role of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and how they should be formed and by whom.
(c) True
Constitutional setup limits the power of government through dfferent institutions and also talks about the right of citizens.

(d) Not True
The Constitution contains all the values which the institutions have to promote. The Preamble to the Constitution is a shining example of this and states clearly that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity have to be promoted. Secularism has to be followed and socialism and democracy should be the basis of the government.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 2 Constitutional Design

Most Important Questions – Ch 2 Constitutional Design

Important MCQs – Ch 2 Constitutional Design

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 1

Page No: 15

Exercises

1. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote.
(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
(d) Country D: There is no independent election commission.

Answer

(a) Undemocratic
(b) Not sure
(c) Democratic
(d) Undemocratic

2. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.
(b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
(c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.
(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.

Answer

(a) Undemocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Undemocratic
(d) Undemocratic

3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) People feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.

Answer

Option ‘D’ Democracies are more prosperous than others is not a good argument in favour of democracy as there are many countries such as Sri Lanka, India which opted for democracy but not prosperous where other countries such as China or Saudi Arabia which have communist and monarchy rule respectively are more prosperous. The prosperity of any country depends on the correct policies of the government. It also depends on the availibility of natural resources not with the form of government. Democracy can’t guarantee prosperity.

Page No: 16

4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
(c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.

Answer

(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament – Democratic element
to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). – Undemocratic element

(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency – Democratic element
large-scale rigging was reported – Undemocratic element

(c) This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women. – Democratic element
Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 percent. – Undemocratic element

5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of
the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.

Answer

Option ‘d’ is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country. This is because practising a religion has nothing to do with preventing famine.

6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.

Answer
Option ‘d’, which advocates paying the government officials money, is an undemocratic method.

7.Write a response to the following arguments against democracy.
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.

Answer

A democracy is  government elected by the people, from among the people themselves. The Army is integral in protecting the country, but it is not elected by the people; hence, it cannot form a democratic government. The second statement is not true as all people are intelligent to some extent. The third statement is dangerous because bringing religion into politics can cause serious conflict.

8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.
(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.

Answer

(a) This statement of father is undemocratic as every adult has right to choose their life partner. The father does not have right to impose their choice on daughter.

(b) This statement also is not under democratic setup. The student have right to ask question. This is undemocratic if his right is denied.

(c) The third statement is democratic as it calls for a rule of law which is beneficial for the employees.

9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote Elections are held regularly.
(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for given loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of the country.
(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.
(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests.

Answer

(a) This is democracy as only democratic setup allow right to vote and also election at regular time period.

(b) A democratic country has to look after the welfare of its people. The condition of reducing of expenses on health and education is against the welfare of the people.

(c) In democracy, education is available in all languages as it basic right. Official language can be the language of majority of people.

(d) In a democracy, people have right to express their opinion in peaceful manner. It is undemocratic behaviour.

(e) This is undemocratic nature as in democracy freedom of press and media is must. If government own radio and television then freedom of press violated.

Page No. 17

10. In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that:
• If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.
• In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand
only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.
• About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.
• As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most
regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich. 
Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Most Important Questions – Ch 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Important MCQs – Ch 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 1

Page No: 3

1. Why did President Allende address himself mainly to workers? Why were the rich unhappy with him?

Answer

President Allende was a socialist and had taken many several policy decisions to help workers and poor. Thus, he addressed himself mainly to workers.
The rich were unhappy with him due to reform of the educational system, free milk for children and redistribution of land to the landless. He was opposed to foreign companies taking away natural resources like copper from the country.

Page No: 4

1. Did the army have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country? Should the army have the power to arrest any citizen?

Answer

No, the army didn’t have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country It is totally against the law. They also don’t have the power to arrest any citizen. The main duty of army is to protect the country from external threats.

Activity

1. Locate and shade Chile on the map. Which state in our country has a shape similar to Chile?

Answer

In our country, Kerala has a shape similar to Chile.

Page No: 6

1. Why was an independent trade union so important in Poland? Why are trade unions necessary?
Answer
Poland at that time had only one workers union controlled by the Polish United Workers’ Party. So there was autocratic rule of this party. People could not form independent unions which voiced their grievances. There was no freedom of speech.
Trade unions are necessary as they help in maintaining or improving the conditions of the
workers. They represent the workers’ views and demands to the management and fight for their rights.

Page No: 10
1. Looking at these maps, which period do you find most important in the expansion of democracy. Why?
Answer

The period after 1975 till 2000 AD is the most important period in the expansion of democracy. In this period, most of the countries in Africa became independent and supported democratic governments. The USSR broke up and 15 independent states emerged in which most of them go with democracy. Many colonised countries also gained independence and marches towards democracy.

Page No: 11
1. Why were women given voting rights much later than men in most countries? Why did this not happen in India?
Answer
Many European countries became democratic by the beginning of the twentieth century but women didn’t have voting rights because they were being not considered equal. They thought women were not capable of making decisions. They should stay at home, did household works and look after children. Thus, they were given voting rights much later than men.In India, constitutions makers didn’t make any discrimination against women and granted Universal Adult Franchise which gave voting rights to every c above the age of 18.

Page No: 13

1. What should be the policy of the government of India towards the military rulers of Myanmar?
Answer
The Government of India can support Suu Kyi in all international forums and demand her freedom without interfering in the domestic affairs of the government of Myanmar. It must fight for her freedom under Human Rights.

Page No: 14
1. Should there be a world government? If yes, who should elect it? And what powers should it have?
Answer
Yes, there should be a world government. It should have representatives of all the nations and every nation should have equal status. Each nation should send its own representatives, elected by their people. They should have powers to fight for Human Rights and Democracy.

Page No: 15
1. Should the permanent members of the UN give up the power to veto?
Answer
Yes, they should. The five veto powers should not be allowed to dictate terms to the rest of the world. They generally used this for their own interest.

Exercise

1. Which of the following does not lead to the spread of democracy?
(a) Struggle by the people
(b) Invasion by foreign countries
(c) End of colonialism
(d) People’s desire for freedom
► (b) Invasion by foreign countries

2. Which of the following statements is true about today’s world?
(a) Monarchy as a form of government has vanished .
(b) The relationship between different countries has become more democratic than ever before.
(c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.
(d) There are no more military dictators in the world.
► (c) In more and more countries rulers are being elected by the people.

Page No: 20

3. . Use one of the following statements to complete the sentence:
Democracy in the international organisations requires that …
(a) The rich countries should have a greater say.
(b) Countries should have a say according to their military power.
(c) Countries should be treated with respect in proportion to their population.
(d) All countries in the world should be treated equally..► (d) All countries in the world should be treated equally..

4. Based on the information given in this chapter, match the following countries and the path democracy has taken in that country.

Country	Path to Democracy
(a) Chile (b) Nepal (c) Poland (d) Ghana	(i) Freedom from British colonial rule (ii) End of military dictatorship (iii) End of one party rule (iv) King agreed to give up his powers

Answer

Country	Path to Democracy
(a) Chile	(ii) End of military dictatorship
(b) Nepal	(iv) King agreed to give up his powers
(c) Poland	(iii) End of one party rule
(d) Ghana	(i) Freedom from British colonial rule

5. What are the difficulties people face in a non-democratic country? Give answers drawing from the examples given in this chapter.

Answer

The difficulties people face in a non-democratic country are:
→ No freedom to elect their rulers.
→ People can’t form organisation or organise protest against the rulers.
→ No freedom of speech and expression.
→ Don’t have any say in government policies
→ Civic rights are curtailed.

6. Which freedoms are usually taken away when a democracy is overthrown by the military?

Answer

The freedoms which are taken away when a democracy is overthrown by the military:
→ Freedom of electing their rulers.
→ Freedom of speech, expression and protest against any governmental policies.
→ People can’t form political parties or organisations.

7. Which of the following positions can contribute to democracy at the global level? Give reasons for your answer in each case.
a My country gives more money to international institutions. Therefore, I want to be treated with more respect and exercise more power.
b My country may be small or poor. But my voice must be heard with equal respect, because these decisions will affect my country.
c Wealthy nations will have a greater say in international affairs.They cannot let their interests suffer just because they are out numbered by poor nations.
d Big countries like India must have a greater say in international organisations.

Answer

a. If any country gives more money to international institutions and its citizens want more respect and more power, it would not contribute to democracy at the global level. Every country and its citizens enjoy equal status whether it is a poor or a rich country. Equality is the basic principle of democracy.

b. This position totally contributes to democracy at the global level as Democracy give equal right to every person. The wealth and size of a country don’t matter in a global democracy.

c. This position does not lead to democracy at the global level because there should be no distinction made between the rich nations and the poor nations. All nations are equal in a Democracy.

d. No, this position can’t contribute to democracy because the sizes or the geographical area of a country can’t determine the status of a nation in global democracy.

8. Here are three opinions heard in a television debate on the struggle for democracy in Nepal. Which of these do you agree with and why?
Guest 1: India is a democracy. Therefore, the Indian government must support the people of Nepal who are struggling against monarchy and for democracy.
Guest 2: That is a dangerous argument. We would be in the same position as the US was in Iraq. Remember, no outside force can promote democracy.
Guest 3: But why should we bother about the internal affairs of another country? We should be worried about our business interests there, not about democracy.

Answer

We can’t totally neglect our neighbours as what doing in their country as it must affect our behaviour also. So in my opinion, Guest 1 is right in some way. We have to adopt some measures that will support the people who are struggling against monarchy and for democracy. Not by using armed forces but by some other cooperations which will not hurt the sentiments of the people. This will also help India in maintaining a good relationship with a democratic country rather than a monarchical rule.

Page No: 21

9. In an imaginary country called Happyland, the people overthrew the foreign ruler and brought back the old royal family. They said: “After all their ancestors were our kings before foreigners started ruling us. It is good that we have one strong ruler, who can help us become rich and powerful”. When someone talked about democracy the wise men said it is a foreign idea. Their struggle was to throw the foreigners and their ideas out of the country. When someone demanded freedom for the media, the elders thought that too much criticism of the ruler would not help them improve their living standards. “After all, the king is so kind and interested in the welfare of all the subjects. Why create problems for him. Don’t we all want to be happy? ”

After reading the above passage, Chaman, Champa and Chandru made the following observations:

Chaman: Happyland is a democratic country because people were able to throw out the foreign rulers and bring back the king.
Champa: Happyland is not a democratic country because people cannot criticise the ruler. The king may be nice and may provide economic prosperity, but a king cannot give a democratic rule.
Chandru: What people need is happiness. So they are willing to allow their new ruler to take decisions for them. If people are happy it must be a democracy.

What is your opinion about each of these statements? What do you think about the form of government in this country?

Answer

Chaman’s statement is incorrect because the overthrowing of a foreign power just amounts to gaining sovereignty.

Champa’s statement is correct. A democracy is a rule of the people. The people should have the right to question their ruler.

Chandru’s statement is incorrect. Happiness of the people is only one factor of a democracy. The people might be happy with the king, but he is not an elected representative.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World

Most Important Questions -Ch 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World

Important MCQs – Ch 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Civics (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Civics Chapter 1

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 1 India – Size and Location

Most Important Questions – Ch 1 India – Size and Location

Important MCQs – Ch 1 India – Size and Location

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Geography (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Geography Chapter 6

Page No: 54

1. What could be the reasons of uneven distribution of population in India.

Answer

The reasons of uneven distribution of population in India are:
(i) Topography
(ii) Climate
(iii) Basic Facilities such as education, health, electricity etc.
(iv) Employment opportunities

2. Table 6.1 reveals that despite the decline growth rates, the numbers of people being added every decade is steadily increasing. Why?

Answer

Increased facilities provided comfortable life to people and better medical facilities that have brought down the death rate is the cause for an increase in people being added every decade despite the decline in growth rate.

3. What could be the reasons for such (sex ratio) variations?
Answer
The reasons for such (sex ratio) variations due to:→ Society structure: Indian society is male dominant society. The people here have remained in favour of a male child leading to female foeticide and dowry problems which make people think of female children as a burden.→ Illiteracy: India’s literacy level is very low. They don’t have proper education and discriminate between male and female children. In states like Kerala there are well-educated people who also follow matriarchal society rules and sex ratio in Kerala is 1058 females per 1000 males.
Page No: 60
Exercise
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :

(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in:
(a) the area of departure
(b) both the area of departure and arrival
(c) the area of arrival (d) none of the above► (b) both the area of departure and arrival

(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates (b) high life expectancies
(c) high death rates (d) more married couples► (a) high birth rates

(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to:
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
► (b) the number of persons added each year

(iv) According to the Census 2001, a literate person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 year old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows 3 Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic)
► (c) is 7 year old and can read and write any language with understanding

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant of population change?
Answer

(i) The rate of population growth has been declining as a result of greater use of birth control measures.

(ii) The major components of population growth are Birth Rate, Death Rate and Migration. The difference between birth rate and death rate accounts for natural increase in population. Immigration refers to the inflow of people into a region from other regions.

(iii) The age structure of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in that population.
Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.

(iv) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It is a determinant factor of population change as it changes the demographics (size and composition) of both the areas of departure and arrival.

3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.

Answer

Population Growth	Population Change
It refers to the increase in the number of inhabitants of a region during a specific period of time.	It refers to the change in the distribution, composition or size of a population during a specific period of time.
Natural increase of population and immigration are the major components causing population growth.	Natural increase, immigration and emigration are the major components causing population change.

4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?

Answer

Development is related to occupational structure of the population. Countries are less developed where a higher percentage of population is engaged in primary occupations like agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fishing.
As development takes place more people move into secondary occupations like manufacturing.In highly developed societies, there are a high percentage of people involved in tertiary occupations like banking, commerce, transport and administration.

5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?

Answer

The advantages of having a healthy population are:
→ A healthy individual is much more efficient and productive than an unhealthy individual.
→ He or she is able to realise his or her potential, and play an important role in social and national development.
→ Absenteeism is low where the workers are healthy.

6. What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?

Answer

The National Population Policy 2000 provides a policy framework for:
→ Imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age.
→ Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
→ Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases.
→ Promoting delayed marriage and child bearing.
→ Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
→ Providing nutritional services and food supplements to adolescents.
→ Protecting adolescents from unwanted pregnancies and sexually-transmitted diseases, and educating them about the risks of unprotected sex.
→ Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable.

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 6 Population 

Most Important Questions – Ch 6 Population 

Important MCQs – Ch 6 Population 

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The NCERT Solutions For Class 9th Geography (Social Science) are given below. Students Should also check NCERT Solutions Class 9 for other subjects to.

NCERT Book Solutions For Class 9 Geography Chapter 5

Page No: 43

1. Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills?

Answer

The northern slopes of the hills in Himalayan region are at high altitude and have low temperature or are snow covered. This does not allow much vegetation. In the southern part of the hills there are plains and valleys watered by rivers and with fertile soil and pleasant temperature levels all required for dense growth of vegetation.

2. Why have the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes?

Answer

The westward facing slopes receive much more rain than the eastward facing slopes and the Western Ghats are considerably wetter than the dry Deccan to the east.

Page No: 51

Exercise

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:

(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra (b) Tidal(c) Himalayan(d) Tropical Evergreen► (d) Tropical Evergreen

(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than:
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) Less than 50 cm
► (a) 100 cm

(iii) In which of the following states is the Simplipal bioreserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
► (c) Odisha

(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda Devi
► (a) Manas

Page No: 52

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) Define an ecosystem.
(ii) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
(iii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.(iv) Name two animals having habitat in different types of vegetation.

Answer
(i) All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent on each other. The plants and animals, alongwith their physical environment make the ecosystem. Interrelation between plants and animals in the natural environment is called Ecosystem.
(ii) Factors responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India are:(a) Relief: Land and soil
(b) Climate: Temperature, Humidity, Photoperiod and Precipitation.
(iii) Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wildlife and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. In totality there are 14 bio-reserves in India. For e.g. Sunderbans Bio-reserve in West Bengal and Nanda Devi Bio-reserve in Uttaranchal.
(iv) Tropical animals: Tiger, Elephant
Montane animals: Snow Leopard, Spotted dear

3. Distinguish between

(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
Answer

(i)

Flora	Fauna
The Plant species of particular region or period are called Flora.	The animal species of particular region or period are called Fauna.

(ii)

Tropical Evergreen Forests	Tropical Deciduous Forests
These are also called Rain Forest	These are also called Monsoon Forest.
Since the region is warm and wet throughout the year, there is no definite time for the trees to shed their leaves	The trees shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer
Examples: ebony, mahogany, rubber, rosewood	Examples: teak, bamboo, sandalwood, peepal, neem
Common animals found in these forests are elephants and monkeys.	Common animals found in these forests are lions and tigers
Present in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall	Present in areas receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm

4. Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.

Answer

The different types of vegetation found in India are:
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests
Alpine vegetation is found at places over 3,600 m in height. The trees common to these are silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. The trees get stunted as they reach the snow line. There are shrubs and scrubs that ultimately merge into Alpine grasslands. Tundra vegetation is limited to lichens and mosses.

5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?

Answer

Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of:
→ Increase in population.
→ Urbanization and Industrialization.
→ Large scale deforestation.
→ Pollution.
→ Hunting for pleasure and commercial purpose, etc.

6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?

Answer

India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna due to following reasons:
→ India is a diverse country with different relief features (i.e. mountains, plateaus, plains, etc.) Different types of vegetations are found in these regions and the vegetations support different type of animals.
→ Availability of different types of soil providing base for different type of vegetations.
→ Variation in the climatic conditions (Temperature, humidity, etc.). Climate of India differs from north to south and east to west. Thus, supporting large variety of flora and fauna.
→ India has a monsoon type of climate where rainfall varies from 20 cms to 300 cms distributed through out the year supporting large amount of flora and fauna.
→ Variation in the duration of sunlight at different places due to difference in the latitude and altitude.

Map Skills

On an outline map of India, label the following.
(i) Areas of Evergreen Forests
(ii) Areas of Dry Deciduous Forests
(iii)Two national parks each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western parts of the Country

Answer

Important Links

Quick Revision Note – Ch 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Most Important Questions – Ch 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Important MCQs – Ch 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

For Free Video Lectures, Click here