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CBSE Class 8 English Children at Work Summary

Short Summary

The author of this story is Geeta Wolf. It is a sensitive story of a boy Velu who has run from his house. Velu’s father was a drunkard and used to beat him every day. After running from his home, he reached Chennai. Here, he found a girl, Jaya, who took him along with her to her house. Jaya was a ragpicker. She arranged food for Velu and also gave him shelter in her house. Eventually, Velu also became a ragpicker. But, he decided that he will quit this job as soon as he finds something better.

Children at Work Summary in English

This story revolves around an eleven years old boy, Velu. Velu ran away from his house as his father was a drunkard. His father snatched away all the money that he and his sister earned and would beat them. Being fed up with this everyday beating, he decided to run away from home. After roaming around in Coonoor for a whole day, he got into Kanyakumari express. He got into the train without a ticket as he had no money.

He reached Chennai Central station. Velu saw that there were a lot of people all around who are in a hurry. He could also hear the announcements from the loudspeaker. Velu had traveled in an unreserved coach where people were playing cards and screaming the whole night. Thus, he was unable to sleep and was feeling weak. Also, his legs were trembling. He was feeling lonely in a new place and sat on a bench.

A little girl, Jaya saw him and talked to him. Jaya was a ragpicker. Initially, he was hesitant to talk to her but she told him that she can arrange food for him. Thus, as he had no option, he agreed to go along with her. She took her through the busy streets and traffic. Velu was a bit scared to see so many vehicles on the road. As they passed by the Central Jail, Jaya warned him to never get caught by the police.

They finally reached to a marriage hall. Jaya found two bananas and vada in the garbage bin. She offered food to Velu but he was hesitant to eat it. Being hungry he had no other choice to eat it. Jaya gave a vada and a banana to Velu and ate a banana herself. After having food, she took him to her house. It was a slum house. It was made from the waste materials such as old tires, plastic sheets, and bricks.

Jaya gave a sack to Velu too and asked him to help her. She explained to him that she picks all the scrap materials from here and there and then sells them to the scrapper. The scrapper sells them to the factories. thus, Velu also became a ragpicker now. However, he decided that as soon as he gets some other job, he will quit this job of a ragpicker.

Moral: The story teaches us to behave properly with the children so that they do not take such extreme steps. It also teaches us that we shall help such children.

Children at Work Summary in Hindi

बच्चों से पैसा कमाने के लिये कई प्रकार के काम कराये जाते हैं। कुछेक तो अपने परिवार के लिए रोजी-रोटी कमाते हैं। अनेक बच्चे अपने कष्टपूर्ण घरों से भाग निकलते हैं और उन्हें अपना पेट स्वंय भरना पड़ता है। वे किसी स्कूल में नहीं जाते।

वेलू 11 वर्ष का बालक था। वह अपने घर से भाग निकला क्योंकि उसके पिता शराबी थे। वह उससे तथा उसकी बहन से पैसा छीन कर शराब पी जाते थे तथा उन्हें पीटते भी थे।

कन्याकुमारी एक्सप्रेस चेन्नई स्टेशन पर आकर रुकी। वेलू उतर गया और एक बेंच पर बैठ गया। इससे पहले उसने कभी भी इतनी बड़ी संख्या में लोगों को अपने असबाब के साथ नहीं देखा था। शोर भी भयानक था। वह थका, दुःखी और भूखा था। उसकी गठरी में एक कमीज, एक तौलिया तथा एक कंघा था। उसके पास न पैसा था, न ही टिकट। उसने दरवाजे के पास ही फर्श पर सोने की कोशिश की। उसे किसी अपनी ही आयु की लड़की की भारी आवाज सुनाई दी। लड़की के कंधे पर एक बड़ी सी बोरी या थैली थी। वह जूठे प्लास्टिक कप इकट्ठा करके बोरी में रखती जा रही थी। उसका नाम था जया। वह वेलू के पास बैठ गई। वह बोली वह उसके खाने की व्यवस्था कर सकती है। वह जाने के लिये खड़ी हो गई। वेलू के पास भी ठहरने का कोई अन्य ठिकाना न था। इस कारण वह लड़की के पीछे भाग चला।

दोनों ही सड़क पर आ गये। धुऐं और धूल से वेलू का सिर घूमने लगा। लड़की उसे खींचकर सड़क के दूसरी ओर ले गई। वह उसे एक पुल पर ले गयी। वेलू ने रेलिंग के नीचे झाँककर सड़क पर नजर डाली जो शहर की ओर जा रही थी, तथा दूर पर वेलू को विशाल भवन दिखाई दिये। जया ने चेतावनी दी कि कभी पुलिस के हत्थे न चढ़ जाना नहीं तो जेल पहुँच जाओगे। वेलू के नंगे पाँव तपती कोलतार की सड़क पर चलने से जलने लगे थे।

अंत में वे एक बड़े भवन के सामने रुके। वहाँ अन्दर कोई विवाह का आयोजन हो रहा था। हॉल के पीछे एक कूड़ेकचरे का डब्बा रखा था। लड़की ने उस कचरे से एक दबा हुआ केला तथा एक बड़ा उठाकर वेलू को खाने के लिये दे दिया। वेलू ने अनिच्छापूर्वक उन्हें खा लिया। उसने अब बेहतर महसूस किया। लड़की अपने घर की ओर जा रही थी ताकि वहाँ भरा थैला रख दे और एक खाली बोरी ले लें।

जया और वेलू एक गंदे नाले के ऊपर बने पुल पर से गुजरे। वे एक कतार में बने झोंपड़ों के पास पहुँचे जो लकड़ी, प्लास्टिक तथा लोहे की चादरों से बने थे। यही जया का इलाका था। जया ने अपना थैला वहीं रख दिया तथा एक जोड़ी पुराने जूते, एक थैला और एक छड़ी वेलू को भी पकड़ा दिया। वेलू समझ नहीं पा रहा था कि जया उससे क्या काम करवाना चाहती है। जया ने बताया कि वे लोग कचरे में से चीजें निकालने वाले हैं। वे उस कचरे से कागज, प्लास्टिक तथा शीशे की चीजें निकाल कर जग्गू कबाड़ी को बेच देते हैं।

वेलू के पास दूसरा विकल्प न था। उसने भी कचरे से चीजें निकालने का काम स्वीकार कर लिया जब तक कि उसे कोई बेहतर काम नहीं मिल जाता।

Short Summary

This is a story by Sir Rudyard Kipling. It is a fable. This is a story about a lazy camel. He would not work and would just say ‘Humph!’ to everyone who asked him to work. The horse, the dog, and the ox went to him to ask him to work. But he did not listen to them.

All three had to work double-time due to this. Thus, they decided to complain about the camel to the Djinn of All Deserts. When the camel did not listen to the Djinn also, he punished him by giving him a hump. With the help of this hump, a camel can now work for three days without even eating or drinking.

How the Camel Got His Hump Summary in English

At the beginning of the world, various animals started to work under the subjugation of man. There was a camel who was fed on sticks, thorns, and prickles was living in the middle of a Howling Desert. He was not interested in doing any work. Even if he was asked, his only reply was Humph.

On Monday, a horse approached with the saddle on his back and asked him to trot like the rest of them. The camel gave him a cold reply and said ‘Humph’. The horse went away and informed the man. Then came a dog with a stick in his mouth. He asked him to come along to do some work.

The camel said ‘Humph’ and turned a cold shoulder to him. Then the dog left to tell it to the man. There after came an ox with the yoke on his neck and asked to plow like him.

The camel replied ‘Humph’. The ox reported the man about this. At the end of the day they complained to the man. But the man asked them to work double-time to make up.

This annoyed the three and they held a panchayat on the edge of the desert. The camel listened to it but ignored them and left. Then appeared the Djinn who were in charge of all deserts.

They put forward their complaints before the Djinn. And then he decided to teach him a lesson. The Djinn wrapped himself in his dust cloak and went into the desert to find the camel.

The Djinn reproached the camel who was looking at his reflection in the mirror. He asked the reasons of his reluctance to work. It was expected from the camel to do three works since Monday.

Djinn waited for his reply who in turn said ‘Humph’. Djinn warned him by saying that he wouldn’t say ‘Humph’ again and again. He just wanted him to work. His adamant attitude annoyed the Djinn.

When the camel was seeing his reflection in Water, his back suddenly grew up a lump. Djinn explained to him that the camel had been in a state of denial when he was asked to work since Monday.

On Thursday, he got punishment of his wrongdoings. The camel was shocked to see that and asked him ‘how can I’ with this hump on my back. Djinn said that he could complete his work without taking any food or water.

Djinn also added that he favored the camel and now he should join the Three. He warned him to behave properly. However, he still doesn’t catch up with the initial three days that he missed at the beginning of the world. His hump at present is the penalty of his past mistake.

How the Camel Got His Hump Summary in Hindi

संसार की संरचना अभी हो रही थी। कई पशुओं ने मनुष्य की सेवा करना शुरु कर दिया था। घोड़ा, कुत्ता तथा बैल बोझ ढोते थे और मनुष्य की सेवा करते थे। पर केवल एक जानवर, ऊँट, ऐसा था जो काम करने से जी चुराता था। वह मरुस्थल में रहता था तथा कँटीले पौधे पत्ते खाता था। जब कोई उससे कुछ बोलता तो वह कहता- ‘हफ’।

एक सोमवार को सुबह-सुबह घोड़ा ऊँट के पास गया। इस रेगिस्तानी पशु को उसने बोला कि तुम भी हमारी तरह काम करो। कुत्ते तथा बैल ने भी यह बात कही। पर उन्हें कोई सफलता नहीं मिली। पशुओं ने ऊँट के विरुद्ध मनुष्य से शिकायत की। मनुष्य नाराज हो गया और उन्हें ऊँट के काम की भरपाई के लिए दोगुना काम करने को कहा। इससे वे पशु खुश नहीं हुए। उन्होंने एक पंचायत बुलाई। ऊँट उन पर हँसा और चला गया।

शीघ्र ही रेगिस्तान का मालिक जिन्न वहाँ आ गया। उसने पशुओं की शिकायत सुनी और उनकी बात से सहमति जताई। उसने ऐसे आलसी पशु को दण्ड देने की ठान ली। उसने ऊँट को एक जलाशय में अपना प्रतिबिम्ब देखते पाया। ऊँट ने अन्य पशुओं को सोमवार प्रातः से अतिरिक्त मेहनत करने को विवश किया था। जिन्न ने जब उस से सफाई मांगी तो ऊँट ने आवाज निकाली ‘हंफ! उसने काम करने की इच्छा नहीं जताई।

जिन्न ने ऊँट को श्राप दे दिया। शीघ्र ही ऊँट की पीठ पर बड़ा-सा कूबड़ उठ आया। बृहस्पतिवार का दिन था। ऊँट को बताया गया कि तुम तीन दिन तक भूखे रहकर काम कर सकते हो क्योंकि तुम्हारा भोजन तुम्हारे कूबड़ में जमा है। पर कूबड़ के रहते बोझा ढोना असम्भव था। जिन्न बोला कि कूबड़ तुम्हारा भोजन का भण्डार है। उसने यह भी कहा कि, यह अपने आप गायब हो जायेगा जब ऊँट सही व्यवहार करना सीख जायेगा।

ऊँट अन्य तीनों जानवरों के साथ काम करने निकल गया। उस दिन से वह कूबड़ उसकी पीठ पर बना रहा, पर काम से छुटकारा उसे नहीं मिला। फिर भी उसने अभी तक अच्छा आचरण करना नहीं सीखा।

Short Summary

This poem is a fine piece of Petrarchan sonnet by the famous poet John Keats. He wrote this poem in December 1816. It is inspired by the beauty of nature. Poets usually find beauty and poetry in spring and good weather. But Keats is different as he finds nature beautiful in all seasons including hot summer and cold winter.

The poet symbolizes the grasshopper as hot summer and the cricket as a very cold winter. He says that even when the birds stop singing during the hot summers, the Earth still sings. The grasshopper sings tirelessly during this time flying from the hedge. The poet further says that during the cold winter also the Earth keeps expressing pleasure through cricket. A cricket sings through the stones.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in English

In the poem ‘On the Grasshopper and Cricket’, the poet John Keats celebrates the music of the Earth. He finds beauty in hot summer as well as in the cold winter. Here, in this poem, the grasshopper is a symbol of hot summer and cricket is a symbol of cold winter. The poet says that the music of nature or earth is always alive whether it is hot summer or cold and bleak winter.

During the hot summer, all the singing birds are tired and take rest under the shady branches of trees. But even if they don’t sing the song of nature goes on. We can still hear the voice of the grasshopper who runs from hedge to hedge. He keeps singing tirelessly and when tired rests beneath some weed.

A grasshopper carries on the duty of singing the everlasting song of nature. During summers, he is a fun-loving and cheerful creature and is never done with his delights.

During the cold winter season also, the birds are silent. There is utter silence on the frosty winter days. But the earth has its own way of expressing pleasure and joys. The song of a cricket can be heard which breaks this silence.

He sings from the stones but not from the trees. His song appears to be increasing the warmth every moment. People are able to hear it sitting in their houses. However, the poet says that to a person who is half-asleep, it may appear to be a grasshopper’s song coming from the grassy hills.

Thus, we can say that the grasshopper and the cricket, two tiny insects, perform a big responsibility. They carry on with nature’s continuous and everlasting music irrespective of the extreme climates. The poet has thus personified them. It is thus a symbolic poem. Here, the grasshopper and the cricket are a symbol of the constant joyous mood of nature.

Moral: The poem teaches us that we shall be joyful and pleasant no matter what are the situations in our life. With this attitude, we can easily overcome all the obstacles in life.

On the Grasshopper and Cricket Summary in Hindi

यह प्रकृति गीत उस संगीत की ओर हमारा ध्यान आकर्षित करता है जो पक्षी तथा कीड़े सदा ही देते रहते हैं। यह संगीत टिड्डो के द्वारा दिया जा रहा है जो तपती दोपहर को गाता है और झींगुर जो ठण्डे जाड़े में गाता है। इस प्रकार से हर ऋतु का अपने ढंग का आनन्द और संगीत होता है।

ग्रीष्म के गर्म दिनों में पक्षी वृक्षों की ठण्डी छाया में छिप जाते हैं। पर टिड्डों के लिए यह समय गाने और मौज मनाने का होता है। वह एक बाड़ से दूसरी बाड़ में बेधड़क गाता उड़ता रहता है। जब वह गाते-गाते थक जाता है तो किसी जंगली पौधे के नीचे विश्राम करने लगता है।

पक्षी जाड़े की ऋतु में भी चुप होकर छिप जाते हैं। और तो और जब तुषार बिखर रहा हो, तो चारों ओर चुप्पी छा जाती है। उस समय अचानक उस मौन को झींगुर भंग कर देता है। उसकी आवाज किसी पत्थर के ढेर से आती है। इस प्रकार धरती की संगीत लहरी अनवरत गूंजती रहती है। जो व्यक्ति झपकियाँ ले रहा हो, उसे झींगुर की आवाज ऐसी सुनाई देती है मानो दूर घास वाली पहाड़ियों से आ रही हो।

Short Summary

The poem comes from Hardy’s memory of three days of his life. The poet is a young architect who went to Lyonnesse to supervise the renovation work of a dilapidated church. It was 100 miles away. It was winter season the foliage of the tree was covered with frost he had to travel very far. No prophet on the wisest wizard could guess the experienced poet had at Lyonnesse. He himself couldn’t predict his future.

After his journey to Lyonnesse, his eyes were bright with happiness. It was his experience which no one can measure it was revelation of life, his happiness was silent to everyone. All could understand that he was filled with a rare and immeasurable radiance.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary in English

The poem is written by Thomas Hardy and revolves around his visit to a Parish. As the poet is a trainee architect, he goes to supervise the restoration of a church. Little does he know that he is in for a life-changing experience.

The poet leaves for the Parish on a cold evening. It was around a hundred miles away and the shrubbery was all covered in frost. It was a lonely path and the stars were his only company. Moreover, they help in guiding him the way.

In order to oversee the whole process, the poet stays at the Parish for a little while. The poet is not aware at all that he is going to have a life-changing experience at the Parish. However, during that short period of time, he notices some changes happening.

These are inner changes which he is not expecting at all. The poet is not prepared for all this. He feels that he cannot guess even for the slightest minute that he will be experiencing all this.

Moreover, he even says that not even a prophet or wizard could have predicted these changes. When he returns from his work trip, he feels changed. There is a new glow in his eyes which everyone else can notice as well.

This is the surprising part because while the poet can feel the changes within, everyone can see them too. They feel like he has a radiating positivity about him now. Thus, the poet gives credit to his visit to the Parish for bringing the magical glow in his eyes.

All in all, we see how the poet goes through a major change in his life when he was least expecting it. Thus, it is true that miracles do happen. Moreover, no one can predict their happening.

Moral of When I set out for Lyonnesse
The poem is a very insightful piece of work that tells us how things happen to us when we least expect them and that no matter what we plan, there is another plan for us by God which no one can predict.

When I Set Out for Lyonnesse Summary in Hindi

कवि युवा शिल्पकार की हैसियत से लियोनीज गया ताकि वहां चर्च में हो रहे निर्माण कार्य की देखभाल कर ले। यह स्थान कोई 100 मील दूर था। जाड़े की ऋतु थी। पत्तियों पर तुषार की परत चढ़ी थी। कवि अकेला तथा कुछ घबराया हुआ था। उसका एक मात्र साथी था तारों की झिलमिल रोशनी।

उसे इस बात की जानकारी नहीं थी कि लियोनीज में रहने के दौरान उसे किस स्थिति का सामना करना पड़ेगा। कोई भी ज्योतिषी अनुमान नहीं लगा सकता था कि भविष्य में क्या होगा। बहुत अच्छा फकीर भी कल के बारे में नहीं बता सकता था।

पर जब वह उस स्थान से लौट कर आया तो वह बहुत खुश था। उसकी आँखों में खुशी की चमक थी। सभी चुपचाप उसकी गहरी, असामान्य खुशी के कारण का अनुमान लगाने की कोशिश करते रहे।

Short Summary

The School Boy poem is written by William Blake. The poem is about a schoolboy who is unhappy. He says that his childhood is crumpled for the sake of learning and teaching. The boy likes mornings, trees, and birds. He loves being in nature. However, due to his school, his mornings are unpleasant and unhappy. He does not like going to school and is not interested in studies and books.

The poet further advises the parents to not deprive the child of joy and freedom that he deserves to have. In case we have unhappy children, our world will be full of sorrow. We will never be able to experience joy.

The School Boy Summary in English

It is the poem about a schoolboy who is not a happy child; he compares himself with the bird that lives in a cage. The schoolboy loves to rise in summer morning and to enjoy the singing of chirping bird.

Boy loves to entertain himself by the company of hunter who blows his clarion from a distance field and sweet lullabies of the skylark. According to the boy, a school is a place where all his happiness and joy pulls away.

He got tired with the rules of teachers and direct supervision on him. He has to control himself to enjoy the pleasure of summer and to spend hours in the garden where he can learn new things in better ways because he has to spend his whole hours in schooling.

In the cage, a bird cannot sing a sweet song, similarly, a child if remained under the umbrella of annoying fear and tension, the skepticism of his teacher can never enjoy the natural instincts of joy and playfulness.

In the last stanza, he tried to make understand his parents that if a child is picked up and he can’t get proper care then he could not grow in nature plant. The parent should also understand their fault. Depriving the child of joy and freedom means a world without spring. In the absence of a happy child, we shall have a winter of sorrow.

The School Boy Summary in Hindi

यह कविता एक स्कूली छात्र की मानसिक स्थिति पर प्रकाश डालती , नई है उसे बाहर घूमना न पसन्द है। वह पक्षियो का गायन सुनता है। शिकारियों के विगल की आवाज उसे खुशी देती है। वह स्काईलार्क पक्षी के माथ-साथ घूमना चाहता है। पर यह प आनन्द तो उस ग्रीष्म ऋतु के प्रातः काल मे ही मिल सकता है।

मुक्त पक्षी की भाँति रहने की बजाय बालक को स्कूल भेजा जाता है. वह उदास हो जाता है। उसे स्कूल जाने से घृणा है क्योंकि वहाँ उसका सामना क्रूर वृद्ध शिक्षक से होता है, सभी छोटे-छोटे बच्चे अपना सारा दिन आहें भरकर निराश भाव से बिताते हैं।

कभी-कभी बालक घंटों अपना सिर लटकाये बैठा रहता है। उसे अपनी पुस्तक पढ़ने में रुचि नहीं होती। स्कूल उसके लिये एक नीरस स्थान है। वह अपने शिक्षक के मुँह से निकलने वाले शब्दों की बौछार से तंग आ जाता है।

बच्चा स्वयं की तुलना एक पक्षी से करता है जो मुक्त उड़ने तथा जीवन का आनन्द लेने के लिए जन्मा है। परन्तु वह पक्षी पिंजरे में बंद है। वह बंद पिंजरे में रहकर नहीं गा सकता। बालक को भी स्कूल एक कारागार सा लगता है। वह सदैव शिक्षक से भयभीत रहता है। पिंजरे में बंद पक्षी की भांति वह अपने पंखों को नीचे टिका देता है और बसत क आनन्द में शामिल होना भूल जाता है।

कवि माता-पिता से अनुरोध करता है कि वे बच्चों के प्रति इतने कठोर और निष्ठर हो। स्कूली बच्चे तो कलियों और फूलों की भाँति कोमल होते हैं। उन्हें ताजी हवा तथा स्वच्छन्द विचरण की जरुरत होती है ताकि वे स्वस्थ और खुश रहे। उनको अतिशय देख रेख में रखने से वे मुरझा जाते हैं।

यदि किसी पौधे को धूप व हवा न मिले, अंधकार में रखा जाये तो वह न ना पूरा विकसित होगा न ही उसमें फल लग पायेंगें।

Short Summary

The Last Bargain is a poem written by the famous and renowned Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. It is a poem about a person looking for a job. The speaker in the poem is searching for a job in which he does not have to lose his freedom. He receives the first proposal from a King. The king offers him power in return for his labor. But he refuses the king’s offer.

He receives the second offer from a rich man. He offers the speaker lots of gold in return for his labor. But the speaker refuses his offer also. He receives the third offer from a beautiful girl. She says that she will give him smiles in return for his labor. The speaker refuses her offer too. In the end, he finds a child playing on the seashore. The child says that he will offer him nothing in return for his services. The speaker accepts the child’s offer as he can still be a free man.

The Last Bargain Summary in English

The Last Bargain is a poem describing the story of a man who is in search of a job. He wants a job in which he can work without losing his freedom. The speaker receives the offer from powerful, rich, and beautiful but turns all of them down. He finally accepts the offer of a child which is the last bargain.

The speaker receives the first offer from a King early in the morning. The king possesses more power than wealth. Thus, the king offers him power in return for his services. But the speaker thinks that his power is not much worth it. It may fade soon. So, he refuses to accept the king’s offer.

He gets the second offer from a rich man in the mid-day. The rich old man offers him a lot of gold for his services. Gold and wealth did not attract the speaker. He feels that money will be spent soon and it cannot buy everlasting happiness. He thus refuses his offer too.

In the evening, there was natural beauty and flowers all around. A beautiful girl with a pretty smile offers him smiles in return for his services. The speaker feels that her happiness was sorrowful in disguise. Thus, he did not find it also suitable for him. So, he also turned her offer down.

Ultimately, while walking he reaches the seashore. There he finds an innocent child playing with seashells. He plays there with him. The child says that he can pay nothing in return for the labor of the speaker. The speaker accepts his offer. He feels that while playing with the child he will not lose his freedom. He will still be a free man and will receive everlasting happiness playing with the innocent child. This was the last bargain that made the speaker accept it as he was not to compromise his freedom.

Moral of The Last Bargain
For real and everlasting happiness, we do not need power, money, or beauty. Freedom and innocence can make a person’s life happy and contended.

The Last Bargain Summary in Hindi

एक व्यक्ति काम की तलाश में था। वह किसी की सेवा पारिश्रमिक लेकर करने को तैयार था। वह प्रतीक्षा में था कि कोई उसे नौकर रख ले। वह पथरीली सड़क पर रोजगार देने वाले की खोज करता फिर रहा था। राजा हाथ में तलवार लिये खुले शाही रथ पर सवार सामने आये। उसने उस व्यक्ति का बाजू पकड़ा और कहा मैं तुम्हें अपनी शक्ति के बल पर भाड़े पर रखने को तैयार हूँ। पर व्यक्ति ने उनका प्रस्ताव ठुकरा दिया क्योंकि उसकी दृष्टि में बल का कोई महत्त्व न था। राजा चला गया।

दोपहर को गर्मी थी और घरों के दरवाजे बन्द थे। व्यक्ति टेढे मेढे रास्ते से जा रहा था। एक वृद्ध व्यक्ति उसकी आवाज सुनकर उसे भाड़े पर लेने आ गया। उसके पास स्वर्ण मुद्रायें थीं। उसने उन सिक्कों को एक-एक करके गिना। पर स्वर्ण सिक्के भी उस व्यक्ति को अपनी सेवाएं बेचने को प्रेरित न कर सके।

शाम हो गयी। बाग के किनारे अभी बाड़ों में फूल लदे थे। एक सुन्दर लड़की अपनी मुस्कुराहट से उसे नौकर रखने को तैयार हो गयी। पर उसे भी निराश होना पड़ा। उसकी मुस्कुराहट आँसुओं में बदल गयी और वह अंधेरे में गुम हो गयी।

अस्त होते सूर्य के प्रकाश में समुद्र तट की रेत चमक रही थी। समुद्र की लहरें भी तट पर सिर पटककर टूटती रहीं। वहाँ बैठा एक बच्चा समुद्री कौड़ियों से खेल रहा था। उसने व्यक्ति को बोला कि वह उसे खरीद सकता है पर बिना कुछ दिए। व्यक्ति ने उस सौदे को मंजूर कर लिया। वह बच्चे के साथ खेल में शामिल हो गया तथा तब से वह स्वयं को एक आजाद व्यक्ति महसूस करने लगा।

Short Summary

The author of this playful poem is T.S. Eliot who seems to be fond of cats. This poem is a part of his work ‘Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats’. This is a poem about Macavity, a cat. The cat openly disobeys the laws and is a criminal. The Flying Squad running after him always fails to catch him as he is faster than them. Macavity can float in the air without any support and is thus a special cat.

He is very thin and tall and thus easily recognizable. He is also full of dust due to the constant ignorance of his skin. Macavity sways his head like a snake. He is always alert though you may feel that he is sleeping. The poet says that he is the incarnation of evil. He is a proficient cheat. Usually, one can find him in the street or square but when you want to punish him, you can never find him.

Macavity The Mystery Cat Summary in English

This poem describes the story of a mystery cat, Macavity. Macavity is a fictional character and depicts the actions of the crooks. He is also known as ‘Hidden Paw’. He is a notorious criminal, spy, and a trickster and openly disobeys the laws. Macavity is a mastermind and leaves no evidence after committing the crime. Thus, the Scotland Yard Police is also helpless. The Flying Squad has also never succeeded in catching him as he runs faster than them.

The poet says that Macavity is unique. He not only breaks the human laws but also the laws of nature. He can float in the air without any support and thus, breaks the gravitational law of nature. It is said that the fakirs have some magical powers but even they look at him in surprise.

Thus, he has supernatural and magical powers. Surprisingly, even when one rushes to the crime scene, they cannot find him. He is not in the basement i.e. under the Earth and nor is he in the air i.e. sky. Thus, we can say that he outwits the world’s top investigation agencies.

Macavity’s appearance is also very special. He is easily recognizable as he is a tall and thin ginger cat. He has sunken eyes and his brows have deep wrinkles. His brows depict that he is in deep and continuous planning of criminal acts. Also, he never combs his whiskers and constantly neglects his skin. Thus, he is full of dust. His head is also highly domed. One can find him swaying his head from side to side just like a snake. One may feel that he is in deep sleep but he will be only dozing. Thus, he is a proficient cheat, spy, and a trickster.

The author says that Macavity possesses a unique character. He finds him to be the incarnation of evil. He says that one can see Macavity anywhere easily, may it be in the street or in a square. But, whenever you find him in order to punish him for any of his crimes, he cannot be found anywhere.

Macavity The Mystery Cat Summary in Hindi

फोर्स और उड़नदस्ता भी उसे अब तक पकड़ नहीं पाए हैं। वह उन्हें चकमा दे जाता है। जब तक सिपाही अपराध वाले स्थान पर पहुँचते हैं तब तक काफी देर हो चुकी होती है। अपराधी उस समय तक वहाँ से चम्पत हो जाता है।

मेकेविटी अपने क्षेत्र में बेजोड़ है। वह कोई भी असम्भव काम कर सकता है। वह गायब हो सकता है। वह न्यूटन के गुरुत्वाकर्षण वाले सिद्धान्त को तोड़ कर बिना किसी सहारे के हवा में उड़ सकता है। फकीर और जादूगर उसके करतबों को देखकर विस्मित रह जाते हैं। वह आपको चकमा दे देगा आप उसे चाहे भूतल में खोजें अथवा हवा में आपके हाथ कुछ भी नहीं लगेगा।

मेकेविटी एक लम्बा पतला बिल्ला है। उसकी आँखें अन्दर धंसी हुई हैं। और उसके माथे पर बल पड़े रहते हैं। उसका सिर गुम्बद की तरह गोल है। उसका कोट गंदा रहता है और उसके बाल बिखरे होते हैं। वह साँप की चाल चलता है। जब आप सोचते हैं कि वह सो रहा है, वह वास्तव में पूरा सजग होता है।

मेकेविटी बिल्ला के शरीर में दानव बसा है। वह नैतिक रुप से भ्रष्ट है। आप उसे गलियों में और खुले स्थानों पर सब जगह देख सकते हैं। पर आप उसे अपराध वाले स्थान पर कभी नहीं पायेंगे।

Short Summary

The poem Geography Lesson describes the poet’s opinion of the land below when viewed from the sky. He finds the earth the least attractive from above and continues going higher up.

As the poet moves higher, he realizes that the country is full of cities and valleys. This made him realize that people are completely dependent on land and water for their existence. At one point of time, the poet also realizes that there is more water on earth than land. He also understands that there are many boundaries on earth that lead to hatred among people.

Geography Lesson Summary in English

The author of this poem is Zulfikar Ghose. Ghose was born in India before independence. Eventually, after independence, he settled in Pakistan, and now, he resides in the USA. This is a single stanza poem of 24 lines and does not have any rhyme scheme. In this poem, Ghose talks about three things, firstly, how everything looks from the sky, secondly, how civilization was set up, and lastly, why people hate each other.

The poet says that when he sees the city from a jet, he finds that the cities are not well-planned. He realizes that water is very essential for various activities such as agriculture, transport, business, etc. As the jet moves higher, he reflects that people have built boundaries and hate each other.

The poem displays the poet’s concern for the division and friction among people. The poem begins with the poet seeing the city from the jet. He says that from that height everything seems too small. He can see the full city properly. Also, he finds that the city is not properly planned and is disorganized. Thus, it has no particular style.

When the jet reached the height of 10,000 feet, he could see that the cities were located near the rivers or water resources. He realizes that the availability of water resources is the reason behind the unorganized cities.

The cities grew as per the necessities. People settled near the water resources more as they require water for almost all their activities. He understands that the fertile land and water are the key to human existence. Thus, he can see the logical reason for the development of the cities.

Drinking water is vital to human life. Water is necessary for almost all human activities such as agriculture, production, business, transport, etc. He also now is clear that the Earth has more water than land and also that the Earth is round.

Lastly, he ponders why have people on Earth built walls, boundaries, and fences. The poet says that human beings have a lot of knowledge about the Earth, its shape, the emergence of civilizations, cities, and nations.

But, in this quest, we have attained absolutely no knowledge about how to live peacefully on this amazing planet. He fails to understand that why do people hate each other so much. He feels that people are selfish, jealous, and have a narrow mindset. Also, he finds that the Earth is one but people living on it have divided and fragmented it.

He also feels that people on the planet are not living in harmony together for shallow reasons. If people decide to forget their differences and stay together peacefully, this planet would be a wonderful, beautiful and amazing place to live.

Geography Lesson Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में कवि ऊँचे उड़ रहे वायुयान से नगर और देश के दृश्य का वर्णन करता है। जब जेट वायुयान उड़ा तो आकाश साफ था। कवि ने खिड़की से बाहर झाँका। शहर सुन्दर ढंग से सुनियोजित लग रहा था। लेकिन धरती पर तो यह बिल्कुल बेतरतीव लगता है। यहाँ बिना किसी शैली और तारतम्य के अनेकों गलियां और घर हैं।

जब यान 10,000 फुट की उँचाई पर उड़ा रहा था, कवि नीचे झाँका और भूगोल की मजबूरी उसे समझ में आ गई। वह समझ गया कि हर देश में नगर नदी तट पर क्यों बसे होते हैं। दूसरी बात लोग मुख्य रुप से घाटियों में रहते हैं। यह भूमि दो पहाड़ियों के बीच समतल स्थान होती है। जमीन और जल लोगों की प्राथमिक आवश्यकताएँ हैं। वे लागों को आकर्षित करते हैं।

जब यान जमीन से छ: मील से ऊपर उड़ा तो धरती गोल दिखाई दी। कवि फिर नीचे झाँका। अब उसे धरती पर जमीन से ज्यादा जल दिखा। कवि को इसका कारण भी समझ में आ गया कि ऐसा क्यों होता है पर उसे भूमि का ईटों की तथा घृणा की दीवारें बनाकर विभाजन करने के पीछे क्या तर्क है यह बात समझ में नहीं आई। उसे यह बात भी समझ में नहीं आई कि लोग एक दूसरे की गर्दन के लिये उतावले क्यों रहते हैं।

Short Summary

The poem “The Ant and the Cricket” is a fable (a story, consisting of animals as characters, that conveys a moral) written in a poetic format. It is about a silly young cricket and a miser ant. The cricket used to sing all day long and enjoy his good times during the summer season.

He lacked farsightedness, for he never had plans for his future. When the winter arrived, cricket couldn’t find a small amount of food to eat. So the cricket thinks to go to ant to borrow food and to get shelter.

The Cricket knocked on the ant’s door asking to help. Then ant questioned the cricket what he was doing during summer. The poem ends with the ant asking the cricket to try dancing and singing again during his hard times.

Moral: We should work harder for our own sake and for the time of troubles. Moreover, always remembers that today’s saving is tomorrow’s income.

The Ant and the Cricket Summary in English

This poem is a work of the famous Greek poet, Aesop. The two characters of the poem are cricket and an ant. There was a young cricket who used to sing and dance during the summers and springs. He was happy and enjoying but was silly. During the summers and spring, there is greenery everywhere. So, ample food and water are available. One does not need to store any of these. Thus, the cricket was busy enjoying and did not store any food for the winters. In winters, the ground is covered with snow and no flower or leaf could be seen.

The cricket passed the time singing and dancing and soon the winter season came. Now, he was in trouble as there was not even a crumb in his house to eat and due to winter, he could not find any food outside also. He could thus eat nothing and was starving. He somehow gathered his courage and went to the ant asking for help. Due to the starvation, chilling cold and rains, the cricket got wet and was shivering.

He requested the ant to give him some food and shelter in his house else he will die of hunger, sorrow, and chilling cold. He also promised him to repay it.

The ant told the cricket that he thinks itself to be his servant as well as a friend. But, the ants do not borrow nor do they lend to anyone. He also asked the cricket that why did he not gather and store food during the spring and summer. The cricket said that he did not care much about the future and was busy enjoying the pleasant weather. He thought that food and water will always be abundant.

While the cricket was busy enjoying, the ant was storing food for the winter season. The ant thus annoyed told him that he should pass the winter also singing and dancing. The ant thus quickly put the conversation to an end and pushed him out of his house.

In the end, the poet concludes by saying that he thinks that this fable is quite true. As there are many human beings who do not care about the future. They thus repent when the time is gone.

The Ant and the Cricket Summary in Hindi

मूर्ख युवा झींगुर मजे करने का शौकीन था। उसे मौज-मस्ती करना अच्छा लगता था। वह गर्मी के धूपवाले मजेदार महीनों तथा बसंत ऋतु में गाता रहा। वह दूरदर्शी न था। उसने मुसीबत के दिनों तथा शीत ऋतु के ठण्डे दिनों के लिये भोजन संग्रह नहीं किया। जब पृथ्वी बर्फ से ढकी थी तो झींगुर को पता चला कि उसके पास खाने को कुछ भी नहीं है। वृक्षों पर न फूल थे, न पत्ते। वह घबरा गया। भूख उसके चेहरे पर देखी जा सकती थी।

वर्षा से भीगा तथा ठण्ड से ठिठुरता वह भूखा झींगुर एक चींटी के पास आश्रय तथा भोजन माँगने पहुँचा। उसने कहा कि वह यह उधार लिया हुआ अनाज़ कल तक लौटा देगा। कंजूस चींटा विनम्र भाव से बोला कि वह उसका सेवक तथा मित्र है। पर सैद्धान्तिक रुप से चींटे न उधार लेते हैं न देते हैं। उसने पूछा कि तुमने बुरे समय के लिये कुछ बचाकर क्यों नहीं रखा।

झींगुर ने स्वीकार किया कि उसने लापरवाही तथा मूर्खता से काम लिया। उसने ग्रीष्म ऋतु में प्रकृति की सुन्दरता का आनन्द लिया और गाता रहा। इस पर चींटी ने कठोरता से उसे पूरे जाड़े नाचने को कहा। उसने बेचारे झींगुर को बाहर निकाल दिया।

Short Summary

The Great Stone Face -II is the second and final part of the story. It tells us about the ending of the story. It answers all questions whether Ernest finds the great stone face look alike or not. Ernest lives in his valley only. He is a very simple-hearted man. Ernest always helps others and works for everyone’s betterment. Ernest is now popular all over the world for his wise thoughts. As Ernest grows old, a new poet emerges. He is a native of the valley only and hears about Ernest. He returns to the valley to meet Ernest. On the other hand, Ernest is in the hope that the poet might be the look-alike. On his meeting with Ernest, the poet declares him to be the great stone face look alike and everyone agrees. However, Ernest does not agree with this and still holds on to his hope.

The Great Stone Face -II Summary in English

The second part of the story finally reveals all about the look-alike whom Ernest is waiting for. We learn that Ernest is still living in his native valley. However, he is not an old man. Nonetheless, Ernest has a very kind and simple heart. He tries to work for the betterment of everyone.

In addition, Ernest has also become very wise and humble. His wisdom has now spread all over the world. People from all over come to meet Ernest. As Ernest grows old, he hears of a new poet. This poet is also a native of the valley and stays in different cities.

When the poet comes to know about Ernest, he decides to visit him. He visits Ernest and notices that he is reading a book and glancing lovingly every now and then at the mountain. The poet stays the night at Ernest’s place at his insistence.

Ernest’s nature manages to impress the poet. He watches him speak to his neighbors every evening. He decides to accompany Ernest and listen to him talk. On staying with Ernest, the poet realizes that he is a very noble and kind gentleman.

He is all that his own poetry can never be. And then only, he takes a look at the great stone face, which is when he realizes something. Consequently, he believes that it is indeed Ernest who is the one that resembles the Great Stone Face.

Similarly, everyone else agrees with the poet. However, this does not please Ernest at all. He still does not believe that he, is the one he has been looking for all his life. So, he refuses to accept this. Thus, he still keeps hoping and waiting for the person to return who will bear resemblance to the great stone face.

The Great Stone Face -II Summary in Hindi

कई वर्ष बीत गये। अर्नेस्ट अधेड़ आयु का हो गया। बढ़ती आयु के कारण उसके सिर के बाल सफेद हो गये और चेहरे पर झुर्रियाँ आ गई। पर साथ ही वह अधिक ज्ञानी भी हो गया। घाटी में वह विख्यात हो गया। अनेक नगरों से विद्वान उससे मिलने और बातें करने आने लगे।

जब अर्नेस्ट वृद्ध हो गया तो एक नया कवि जो पहले इसी घाटी में रहता था, घर लौट आया। उसने उस विशाल पत्थर के चेहरे को भी अपनी एक कविता में सराहा था। उसके गीत अर्नेस्ट के कानों में भी पहुँच गये। उसे लगा कि वह उस पत्थर के चेहरे से समानता रखता है। कवि ने भी अर्नेस्ट की बुद्धिमत्ता के बारे में सुन रखा था। और वह उससे मिलना चाहता था।

गर्मी के मौसम में एक दिन वह अर्नेस्ट के दरवाजे पर आया। उसने एक रात के लिये पनाह माँगी। अर्नेष्ट एकदम मान गया। दोनों ने मिलकर बातें की। कवि ने अर्नेस्ट को एक ज्ञानी, सरल, उदार तथा अतिथि सत्कार करने वाला पाया। अर्नेस्ट ने कवि की आँखों में झाँका और उसका चेहरा देखा। उसने कवि के चेहरे की समानता पत्थर वाले चेहरे से की। उसने स्पष्ट किया कि वह उदास क्यों है। वह तो एक भविष्यवाणी के पूरा होने की प्रतीक्षा कर रहा है। कवितायें पढ़कर उसे विश्वास हो गया था कि कवि ही पत्थर के चेहरे वाला असली व्यक्ति है।

पर कवि ने इस बात से इन्कार कर दिया कि उसका चेहरा पत्थर वाले चेहरे के समान है। यह ठीक है कि उसके मन में महान सपने हैं पर उसे स्वयं कई बार उन सपनों पर आस्था नहीं थी। दोनों व्यक्तियों की आँखें नम हो गई। शाम को दोनों ही एक सभा में भाग लेने गये। अर्नेस्ट ने अपने विचार रखे। उसके शब्दों में एक कशिश थी क्योंकि उनमें गहराई थी।

वे जीवन से जुड़े शब्द थे एक नेक कामों वाले तथा निस्वार्थ प्रेम भरे जीवन से। उसके चेहरे पर भव्य भाव उभर आया। कवि चीख उठा कि अर्नेस्ट का ही चेहरा उस पत्थर वाले चेहरे के समान है। लोग उसकी बात से सहमत हो गये। भविष्यवाणी सच हो गई थी, कवि ने यह सोचा। पर अर्नेस्ट अभी भी यही आशा करता रहा कि कभी तो उससे अधिक ज्ञानी और श्रेष्ठ व्यक्ति आयेगा जिसकी आकृति उस पहाड़ पर चेहरे के बिल्कुल सदृश होगी।