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Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion
• (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion
• (c) A is true but R is false
• (d) A is False but R is true

Q.1)

Assertion (A) : In the 20th century, handloom cloth production expanded steadily.

Reason (R) : This was partly because of technological changes

Answer- (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion

Q.2)

Assertion (A): In most industrial regions, workers came from the districts around.

Reason (R) : Peasants and Artisans who found no work in the village went to the industrial centres in search of work

Answer- (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion

Q.3)

Assertion (A): The First symbol of the new era was cotton.

Reason (R) : In Victorian Britain. The industrialists did not want to introduce machines that got rid of human labour and required large capital investment.

Answer- (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion

Q.4. Assertion (A): When the Spinning Jenny was introduced in the woolen industry, women who survived on hand spinning began opposing new machines.
Reason (R): The fear of unemployment made workers unfriendly to the introduction of new technology.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (a) When Spinning Jenny was introduced in the woolen industry, the women who survived on hand spinning opposed new machines because of the fear of unemployment due to the introduction of new technology. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

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Q.5. Assertion (A): In 1760s and 1770s, the East India Company faced problems in getting a regular supply of goods for export.
Reason (R): Emergence of new ports was an indication of the growth of new colonial powers.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (b) In the 1760s and 1770s, the East India Company faced problems in getting a regular supply of goods for export. This is because it faced competition from the French, Dutch, Portuguese and local traders. On the other hand, emergence of new ports like Bombay and Calcutta was an indication of the growth of new colonial powers. Hence, both Assertion and Reason statements are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

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Q.6. Assertion (A): With the expansion of factories, the demand for workers increased.
Reason (R): Many workers travelled distant places in the hope of work in the mills.➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (a) With the expansion of factories, the demand for workers increased and due to this many workers travelled distant places in the hope of work in the mills. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

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Q.7. Assertion (A): By the 1750s, with the arrival of the European companies the Indians started losing their control over the trade.
Reason (R): There was a decline of the old ports like Surat and Hooghly and the emergence of new ports like Bombay and Calcutta.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (b) By the 1750s, with the arrival of the European companies, the Indians started losing their control over the trade. On the other hand, there was decline of the old ports like Surat and Hooghly and emergence of the new ports like Bombay and Calcutta. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

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Q.8. Assertion (A): The period of industrialisation before the first factories came up in Europe is termed as proto-industrialisation.
Reason (R): This period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages

.➤ Show Answer Answer: (a) The period of industrialisation before the first factories came up in Europe is termed as proto-industrialisation as this period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages. Hence, both Assertion and Reason statements are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

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ASSERTION AND REASON
DIRECTION : Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is
the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : When Manchester industrialists began
   selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth
   bundles.
   Reason : The label was a mark of Quality. When
   buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written in
   bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident
   about buying the cloth.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion. J’
   The Assertion has been justly explained by the reason.
2. Assertion : The first symbol of the new era was cotton.
   Reason : In Victorian Britain, the industrialists did
   not want to introduce machines that got rid of human
   labour and required large capital investment.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   The upper classes preferred hand produced goods in
   Victorian Britain, however this does not explain the
   assertion.
3. Assertion : The consolidation of East India Company
   power after the 1760s did not initially lead to a decline
   in textile exports from India.
   Reason : British cotton industries had not yet
   expanded and Indian fine textiles were in great
   demand in Europe.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason justifies the assertion.
4. Assertion : The cotton weavers of India flourished
   with the Manchester imports.
   Reason : With the American Civil War, the cotton
   supplies from US to Britain increased.
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   Cotton weavers in India faced two problems with
   Manchester goods coming to India: their export
   market collapsed, and the local market shrank, being
   glutted with Manchester imports. With the American
   Civil War, the cotton supply to Britain from US were
   cut off. Britain turned to India. Thus, both assertion
   and reason are false.
5. Assertion : In most industrial regions, workers came
   from the districts around.
   Reason : Peasants and Artisans who found no work
   in the village went to the industrial centres in search
   of work.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason justifies the assertion.
6. Assertion : From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to
   China declined.
   Reason : After the First World War, Manchester could
   never recapture its old position in the Indian market.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason does not justify the assertion. From 1906,
   export of Indian yam to China declined as produce
   from China and Japan flooded the Chinese market.
7. Assertion : In the twentieth century, handloom cloth
   production expanded steadily.
   Reason : This was partly because of technological
   changes,
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason clearly justifies the assertion.
8. Assertion : Like the images of gods and goddesses,
   figures of important personages like emperors and
   nawabs adorned advertisements and calendars.
   Reason : This was done to show the pomp and glory
   of the nation.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   This was done to win the confidence of the buyers to
   buy the products. Hence the reason is false.

Q.1.) Assertion(A):We consider globalisation as rapid growth of global trade in the last 50 years.

Reason(R): But globalisation has a long history which emerged with centuries of trade, migration and voyages.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.2.) Assertion(A):  From ancient times groups like travellers, traders, priests,and pilgrims have travelled vast distances .

Reasons(R): These journeys were for the purposes like knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfilment etc.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.3.) Assertion(A): Indus valley had no active foreign trade.

Reason(R): For more than a millenium cowries, the currency has been found in China and East Africa.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.4.) Assertion(A): Pre-modern trade and cultural exchange existed between distant regions .

Reason(R) Chinese silk was transported through silk routes to western world.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.5.) Assertion(A): In ancient times there was a flow of precious metals from Europe to Asia.

Reason(R): Chinese pottery, Indian textiles and spices were sold to Africa and Europe.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.6.) Assertion(A): Travellers brought new crops to faraway lands they travelled to.

Reason(R): Food is a great example of cultural exchange along with distant trade.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.7.) Assertion(A): Common food items of today like potatoes, soya, tomatoes, maize, chillies, etc were not known in India five centuries ago.

Reason(R): Christopher Columbus had not discovered India yet, so they didn’t travel through with voyagers.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.8.) Assertion(A): There have been instances where new crops make the difference between life and death.

Reason(R): Europe’s poor began dependent on potatoes and when disease destroyed potato crops in the 1840s, thousands of Irish died because of starvation.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.9.) Assertion(A): The pre-modern world became shrinked due to discovery of sea routes to Asia and Western ocean to America in the 16th century .

Reason(R): Before the sixteenth century there was no form of trade in the Indian ocean.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.10.) Assertion(A): Discovery of America resulted in transformation of trade, life and abundance of wealth for Europeans.

Reason(R): The Americas had vast lands, minerals, silver and gold which enhanced European trade.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.11.) Assertion(A): European colonisation and conquest of America was possible only because of their superior firepower .

Reason(R): Europeans such as the Spanish brought germs like ‘Smallpox’, to which American inhabitants had not developed immunity against which caused their perish.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.12.) Assertion(A): Thousands migrated to America from Europe in the nineteenth century era.

Reason(R): Poverty, hunger and deadly diseases were widespread in European cities during the nineteenth century.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.13.) Assertion(A): Until the eighteenth century China and India were one of the world’s richest countries .

Reason(R): Europe was emerging as a center of world trade due to slavery, plantations and colonisation of America .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.14.) Assertion(A): Economists classify three types of movement or flows in international economics and trade- flow of trade, flow of labour and flow of capital.

Reason(R): These three flows were distinct in the nineteenth century and there was no interconnection between them.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.15.) Assertion(A): Britain in the nineteenth century was self-sufficient in food and was keen on homegrown food crops.

Reason(R): The British government brought laws which banned import of corn but they were scrapped due to protest from urbaners and  the poor, because food could be imported more cheaply than produced in Britain.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.16.) Assertion(A): Thousands of men and women were migrating to cities in nineteenth century Britain .

Reason(R): British agriculture couldn’t compete with imports which left rural lands uncultivated and workers unemployed.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.17.) Assertion(A): Around the world lands were cleared and food production was expanded to meet the British demand.

Reason(R): Railways and new harbours were also developed to link agricultural regions to ports for transporting food cargoes quickly.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.18.) Assertion(A): Around 50 million people emigrated from Europe to America and Australia in the 19th century.

Reason(R): Huge amount of labour was required in these places to cultivate and meet demands.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.19.) Assertion(A): By 1890 a global agricultural economy was at place.

Reason(R): The agricultural products were transported and sold around the world.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.20.) Assertion(A): British Indian government built a network of irrigation canals in Punjab, India.

Reason(R): These Canal Colonies were a way to transport water to semi-desert areas and make them wheat and cotton fields for export by the British .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.21.) Assertion(A): Between 1820 to 1914 world trade grew 25 to 40 times.

Reason(R): Almost 60 percent of it was primary products such as wheat, cotton, minerals etc.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.22) Assertion(A): Colonisation in the nineteenth century brought new investments in transport and gave advancements like railways, light waggons and large ships.

Reason(R):Technological advances in the nineteenth century were linked with larger social, economic and political factors .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.23.) Assertion(A): Meat was available in abundant amounts for every class of Europe till the 1870s.

Reason(R): Until the 1870s animals were shipped live from America in which many died, fell ill or lost weight, causing high prices of meat.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.24.) Assertion(A): The poor in Europe had now access to meat after refrigerated ships.

 Reason(R) Instead of live animals, slaughtered meat was transported from the starting point in frozen form which lessened the shipping costs and its prices.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.25.) Assertion(A): The expansion of trade was prosperous and beneficial for every part of the world during the nineteenth century.

Reason(R): Rapid growth of the world economy meant some people had to lose their basic freedoms and livelihoods due to Colonisation and consequent changes.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q26) Assertion(A): In 1885, Africa was carved by European powers at Berlin into their respective territories .

Reason(R): In the African continent some countries’ borders run straight.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q27) Assertion(A): Late nineteenth century was an era of mass colonisation by wealthy and powerful nations.

Reason(R): Britain and France expanded their overseas colonies, Belgium and Germany started colonising foreign regions and the US also started colonisation of other regions in the late nineteenth century.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q28) Assertion(A): Sir Henry Morton Stanley’s expeditions in Africa were a key in the conquest of Africa by Europeans and Americans.

Reason(R): Stanley resided in Africa for years who recorded his experience with local tribes, investigated terrains,and mapped regions of Africa.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q29) Assertion(A): The fast spreading cattle plague or rinderpest caused havoc in Africa which was a result of European colonisation.

Reason(R): They all had a single aspiration and united meaning of Swaraj as their call of movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q30) Assertion(A): In the late nineteenth century there was a great rush of Europeans to Africa.

Reason(R): Europeans were attracted by Africa’s vast land resources which they could use for plantation and mines.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q 31) Assertion(A): Europeans faced a shortage of labour in Africa when they first started colonising the continent.

Reason(R): With vast land resources and small population, livestock and land sustained life and Africans didn’t work for a wage for consumer goods .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q32) Assertion(A): European employers used methods like heavy taxes, inheritance laws to push Africans into the labour market .

Reason(R): Europeans brought with them a catastrophic disease in terms of rinderpest. .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q33) Assertion(A): Africans were forced into labour after the 1890s due to loss of cattle.

Reason(R): Rinderpest killed 90 percent of cattle in Africa from it’s arrival in the 1880s to the end of the nineteenth century.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.34) Assertion(A): Indentured labour means bonded labour for an employer for a specific time period to pay their passage to a new country or region .

 Reason(R): Indentured labour migrated from other parts of the world to China and India.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.35) Assertion(A):  Most Indian labourers who turned indenture were from regions of UP, Bihar, Central India,and dry parts of Tamilnadu.

Reasons(R): These regions faced decline of cottage industries,rise in land rents and growth of mines which affected the lives of the poor.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.36.) Assertion(A): Nineteenth century indenture has also been termed as ‘new system of slavery’ .

Reason(R): Workers were often lied to about their voyage, work conditions, pay and uppm arrival they witnessed harsh living-working conditions, no legal rights to protect themselves. 

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.37) Assertion(A): The form of cultural fusion around the world is a unique characteristic of the making of the global world.

Reason(R) Most indentured workers stayed in foreign regions even after their contracts ended .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.38)  Assertion(A): India also had a banking system via many groups of bankers and traders facilitating export and long-distance trade.

Reason(R): They either used their own funds or borrowed from European banks to transfer money over large distances.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.39) Assertion(A): India had been the greatest exporter of fine cotton to Europe but after industrialisation the inflow of Indian cotton declined.

Reason(R): British cotton manufacturers and industrialists pressured the government to protect local industries which resulted in high taxes on imports of cloth to Britain.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q40.) Assertion(A): India’s  exports had a share of cotton textiles around 30% in 1800 which declined to 15% by 1815 and to 3% by the 1870s.

Reason(R): Britishers put high tariffs on import of Indian cloth and its machine made cloth gave stiff competition to indian textiles in international markets .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q41.) Assertion(A): Britain grew opium in China and exported it to India.

Reason(R): Britain used money earned from opium exported to finance its tea and other products it imported from China.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q42.) Assertion(A): India played a crucial role in giving surplus profits to Britain during multilateral trade of the late nineteenth century.

Reason(R): Value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India, which Britain gave a surplus to balance its deficits.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q43) Assertion(A): The first world war was the first modern industrial war.

Reason(R): There were 9 million dead and 20 million injured with the use of industrial arms.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q44.) Assertion(A): In Europe household incomes declined after the war.

Reason(R): The injuries and deaths in the first world war left few able-bodied workforce around Europe, which resulted in lesser earners in a family.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q45.) Assertion(A): The first world war transformed the US from being an international creditor to an International debtor.

Reason(R): Large economic powers of Europe fought each other for pay and powers like Britain had to borrow large amounts of money from the US banks and the US public.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.46.) Assertion(A): In 1921 one in every five British workers was out of work.

Reason(R): Agricultural economies of Europe declined meanwhile Canada, America and Australia expanded their international share.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.47.) Assertion(A): There was a great depression around 1929 to mid 1930s.

Reason(R):  Several factors caused this depression, which mainly can be attributed to constantly falling agriculture prices due to overproduction and US lenders panicking .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.48.) Assertion(A): During the great depression Indian exports and imports also halved and prices fell down.

Reason(R): In the early twentieth century the global economy had become interconnected and had integrated effects of crisis in one part to everywhere else.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.49.) Assertion (A): The world post second world war saw the emergence of the Soviet Union as the new world power.

 Reason(R) Soviet Union had sacrificed its agricultural identity to defeat Germany and gained power while capitalist countries were struck in the Great Depression.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.50.) Assertion(A): In the post war era economists drew two conclusions, first being that mass production can’t sustain without mass consumption and second being that the goal of full employment is possible with government control over flow of goods, capital and labour.

Reason(R): Inter war economic experiences saw there was a need for more consumption and markets can guarantee full employment and demand for it.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.51) Assertion(A): Brenton Woods conference was held in July 1944 in New Hampshire, USA  .

Reason(R): Economists realised the aim of maintaining stability and full employment, whose framework was to be established in the conference.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q52) Assertion(A): The IMF and World Bank are referred to as Brenton Woods twins .

Reason(R): Brenton Woods with the goal of stabilising the global economy and balancing trade established the IMF and the World Bank for finance.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q53) Assertion(A): Era after 1950s saw growth and stabilisation in world trade and Incomes.

Reason(R): Developing countries were in a rush to be on par with developed countries in this era.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q54) Assertion(A): Post colonial era saw independent nations in Africa and Asia which were burdened by poverty and handicapped economic conditions.

Reason(R): Effects of the second world war and draining of resources by European colonial rule crippled their economies .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q55) Assertion(A): India, China and Brazil have undergone slump economic transformation with China being one of the most desired destinations of foreign investment and MNCs.

Reason(R): These developing countries offered low-wages and low-costs which stimulated world trade and capital flows.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Directio: The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1.) Assertion(A): In India rise of nationalism is associated with the anti-colonial movement.

Reason(R): The sense of being oppressed under colonialism connected many different groups together.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.2.) Assertion(A):  The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect different groups together into one movement .

Reasons(R): Unity didn’t come without conflicts.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.3.) Assertion(A): Mass processions Were a common feature of the Indian national movement.

Reason(R): People protested for the benefit of their respective social groups.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.4.) Assertion(A): The notions of freedom were different for every social group.

Reason(R) Every class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.5.) Assertion(A): Rates of taxes were raised and income tax was introduced in colonial India.

Reason(R): Defence expenditure and war loans after the first world war was financed by Indian taxes.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.6.) Assertion(A): In 1920-21 crops failed in many parts of India and there was an influenza epidemic.

Reason(R): According to the 1921 census, 13 million people perished in India due to famine and disease.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.7.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi appeared as a new leader for the popular movement after the first world war.

Reason(R): Hardships as hoped, ended after the war.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.8.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in January 1916.

Reason(R): Gandhi successfully fought racist regime of South Africa with satyagraha and now he was back in India to apply this policy.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.9.) Assertion(A): A Satyagrahi could win any battle without the use of violence and anger .

Reason(R): Satyagrahi while constantly standing their ground would strike at the conscious of the oppressor .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.10.) Assertion(A): In 1917 Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran,Bihar.

Reason(R): It was Gandhi’s first major movement where he inspired peasants to resist exploitation by planters.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.11.) Assertion(A): Peasants of kheda were adversely affected by the crop failure and plague.

Reason(R): Kheda peasants could not pay the revenue in 1917 and wanted relaxation in payment .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.12.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi declared that Satyagraha is a weapon of the strong instead of the weak.

Reason(R): Satyagraha is pure soul force and uses truth as its driving force.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.13.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in 1919 .

Reason(R): Rowlatt Act gave government unrestricted power to arrest Indian political prisoners without trial for 2 years.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.14.) Assertion(A): British administration brutally tried to suppress the nationalist .

Reason(R): Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was stopped beside delhi.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.15.) Assertion(A): There were widespread attacks on government and public buildings in Amritsar during April 1919.

Reason(R): On April 10, there was an open fire on a peaceful procession of protesters in Amritsar.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.16.) Assertion(A): Martial law was imposed in Amritsar during the Rowlatt Satyagraha and command was given to General Dyer.

Reason(R): General Dyer fired upon a peaceful procession in the streets of Amritsar.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.17.) Assertion(A): On April 13 1919 a large crowd was gathered in the grounds of Jallianwala Bagh.

Reason(R): Some were there to protest and others had come to the Baisakhi fair.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.18.) Assertion(A): Dyer wanted to produce a moral effect by terrorizing Satyagrahis.

Reason(R): Dyer blocked the exits of Jalianwala Bagh and opened fire, causing a massacre.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.19.) Assertion(A): There were strikes and people attacked police and government buildings after the Jallianwala Bagh incident.

Reason(R): News of the Jallianwala massacre sent a shock of rage around India.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.20.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi called off the Rowlatt Satyagraha .

Reason(R): Indians were brutally repressed, humiliated and violated with attacks and even bombing .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.21.) Assertion(A): Rowlatt Satyagraha wasn’t a popular or well spread movement.

Reason(R): It was limited to mostly cities and major towns.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.22.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi, after Rowlatt Satyagraha, felt a need to launch a broader movement for masses of India.

Reason(R):  Such a movement couldn’t happen without Hindu-Muslim unity.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.23.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi took up the Khilafat issue along with his non-cooperation movement.

Reason(R): Gandhi believed that the Khilafat issue was an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a united movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.24.) Assertion(A): A Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

Reason(R) A harsh treaty was to be imposed on the Muslim spritual head (khalifa) and young Muslims in India felt they needed to defend Khalifa’s powers.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.25.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi stated in his book Hind Swaraj that British rule could only be established in India due to co-operation of Indians .

Reason(R): If Indians refused to cooperate with the British, the British  rule would collapse within two years .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q26.) Assertion(A): People would surrender their titles, boycott government services and foreign goods during 1920 .

Reason(R): Non-cooperation in 1920 was a movement of not cooperating or giving aid to Britishers.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q27.) Assertion (A): In months of September and December of 1920 there was a turmoil among Congress.

Reason (R): Many members of Congress were  eager to boycott council elections of November 1920 .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q28) Assertion(A): Non cooperation programme was adopted by Congress in the Nagpur session of 1920.

Reason(R): For a while there was no agreement between supporters and opponents of the non-cooperation movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q29) Assertion(A): Various social groups participated in the 1921 Non-cooperation-Khilafat movement.

Reason(R): They all had a single aspiration and united meaning of Swaraj as their call of movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q30) Assertion(A): Although most provinces boycotted council elections, the justice party of Madras participated in it.

Reason(R): The Justice party saw council elections as an opportunity to gain some power which normally had Brahmanical dominance.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q 31) Assertion(A): The import of foreign cloth in India dropped from Rs102 crore to 57 crore.

Reason(R): Merchants and traders boycott foreign goods and it was even burnt due to non cooperation movement .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q32) Assertion(A): The production of Indian clothes and handlooms went up during 1921-22.

Reason(R): People boycotted foreign textiles and started wearing Indian clothes .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q33.) Assertion(A): Non-cooperation movement had an intense pace especially in the cities throughout its tenure.

Reason(R): Indian Khadi was more expensive than foreign cloth and thus not affordable to everyone.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.34) Assertion(A): Students and lawyers started going back to government schools and courts respectively .

 Reason(R): India didn’t have an adequate number of homegrown institutions to replace British ones  .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.35) Assertion(A):  Peasants in Awadh had to do forced work and ‘begar’ at landlords’ farms. They also had to pay extremely high taxes and rents.

Reasons(R): The movement in Awadh was against talukdars and landlords.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.36.) Assertion(A): Peasant movements in villages demanded abolition of charges like ‘begar’ and relief in revenue payment.

Reason(R): These charges were levied by Britishers, whom peasants stopped giving services like barbers and washermen .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.37) Assertion(A): The congress was unhappy with how the non cooperation movement developed among peasants in rural areas.

Reason(R) Many talukdars and merchants were attacked and incidents of robbery and hoarding were committed by peasants .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.38)  Assertion(A): Gandhi ji had declared that no taxes had to be paid and land was to be given to the poor.

Reason(R): Mahatma Gandhi’s name was used to justify any action or aspiration .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.39) Assertion(A): Nehru ji had to address an impromptu meeting of the peasants around them on 6 January 1921.

Reason(R): Police stopped Nehru ji in United provinces from proceeding further near Rae Bareli.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q40.) Assertion(A): Tribal peasant movements interpreted swaraj in forms of armed conflict and guerrilla warfare.

Reason(R): Congress approved every form and branch of non-cooperation movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q41.) Assertion(A): Tirbals in Gudem Hills adopted violent methods to protest against the colonial government in which they were led by Alluri Sitaram Raju.

Reason(R): Tribal lifestyle and livelihood were disturbed by colonial forest laws and their leader Raju declared the liberation could be achieved only by use of force.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q42.) Assertion(A): Assam plantation workers interpreted Non-cooperation movement by defying authorities and leaving plantations.

Reason(R): Inland Emigration Act,1859 restricted plantation workers to their tea gardens which they saw as oppression.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q43) Assertion(A): The nature of Non-cooperation movement was uniform in cities and rural or tribal areas.

Reason(R): Every community has a different meaning of Swaraj which meant end of all their sufferings and troubles.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q44.) Assertion(A): The forms of many local movements were not identified by Congress with non-cooperation.

Reason(R): Peasant and tribal movements linked their actions to non -cooperation to identify themselves with a movement which was of national limits.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q45.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi had to abruptly call off the Non-cooperation movement in 1922.

Reason(R): In 1922 at Chauri Chaura a peaceful procession became violent and attacked the police.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.46.) Assertion(A): C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party.

Reason(R): They were one of the many leaders of Congress who wanted to participate in elections to provincial councils.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.47.) Assertion(A): Provincial councils were set up by the Government of India Act 1919.

Reason(R):  Many congress leaders felt it was necessary for congress to oppose the British through these councils.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.48.) Assertion(A): By 1930 Indian countryside was in economic turmoil.

Reason(R): The worldwide depression of the 1920s caused a sharp decline in prices and exports of agricultural goods.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.49.) Assertion(A): When Simon Commission reached India it was opposed with slogans of ‘Simon Go Back’ in1928.

 Reason(R) This statutory commission was in India to give suggestions about constitution system, but didn’t have a single Indian member

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.50.) Assertion(A): Lord Irwin in Oct 1929, gave India proposals of ‘Dominion State’ and round table conference for Indian constitution .

Reason(R): The Congress leaders were satisfied with this proposal .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.51) Assertion(A): Congress celebrated 26 January 1930 as Independence Day prior to 1947  .

Reason(R): In December 1929 Lahore session, Congress decided to demand ‘purna swaraj’ or total independence.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q52) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi chose Salt as a symbol to start a movement on and sent a letter on the same to then Viceroy Irwin.

Reason(R): Mahatma Gandhi wanted to engage diverse Indian masses into a united national campaign by using everyday life issues such as ‘salt’ .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q53) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi demanded reduction in the salt tax.

Reason(R): Gandhi believed tax and monopoly on an essential item like ‘salt’ were one of the most  oppressive policies of the British.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q54) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march with his 78 trusted volunteers in March 1930.

Reason(R): In his letter to Lord Irwin Mahatma Gandhi gave an ultimatum till 11th March 1930 to fulfil their demands or else he was determined to launch a civil disobedience movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q55) Assertion(A): After 24 days of Salt march, Gandhi reached Dandi and broke the salt law by making Salt from sea water.

Reason(R): This was the conclusion of the Civil Disobedience movement.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q 56) Assertion(A): Civil Disobedience movement started with violating the salt law and urged citizens to disobey colonial laws.

Reason(R): In 1930 salt law was violated in different parts of the country and people boycotted the foreign cloth and civil services .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q57) Assertion(A): In April 1930 angry crowds in Peshawar attacked police cars and demonstrated in the streets.

Reason(R): Many congress leaders were being arrested to suppress Civil Disobedience and Abdul Gaffar Khan was one of them.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q58) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the Civil Disobedience movement and made a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.

Reason(R): The movement took a violent turn with attacks on the British administration and the Government brutally repressed the movement in which even peaceful protestors were attacked and many were killed.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.59) Assertion(A): Gandhiji entered the Gandhi Irwin pact on 5th March 1931.

 Reason(R): Gandhiji consented to participate in the 2nd Round Table Conference and the government agreed to release political prisoners.  .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.60.) Assertion(A):  Mahatma Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience movement.

Reasons(R): Round table conferences were inconclusive and the British government had been repressive to an extent where Congress had been declared illegal.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.61.) Assertion(A): The relationship between the Congress and the poor peasants had been cordial and uniform during the Civil Disobedience movement.

Reason(R): Congress was unwilling to support the ‘no rent’ campaign of poor tenants and sharecroppers that might upset the rich and landlords  .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.62.) Assertion(A): Business classes formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress and Industries (FICCI) in an effort to support the Civil Disobedience movement.

Reason(R) Prominent businessmen wanted their ‘swaraj’ to end colonial restrictions on business and wanted protection from imports of foreign goods  .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.63) Assertion(A): Most Industrial workers stayed aloof from the Civil Disobedience movement.

Reason(R): Congress included demands of industrial workers against the rich and business class in their campaign .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.64) Assertion(A): Civil Disobedience movement had an unique feature as many women participated in it.

Reason(R): Women were moved by Gandhi’s call that it was also their sacred duty to serve the nation.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q65.) Assertion(A): Congress had ignored untouchables or ‘Dalits’ for a long time in fear of offending ‘Sanatanis’.

Reason(R): Dalits were one of the social groups who were not moved by the concept of ‘Swaraj’ and movements by Congress.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q66.) Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi called untouchables ‘Harijan’ and organised a movement to remove social restrictions put upon them.

Reason(R): Gandhi believed that true Swaraj couldn’t be achieved until untouchability wasn’t eliminated.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q67.) Assertion(A): Dr B.R. Ambedkar organised Dalits into a Depressed Class Association in 1930.

Reason(R): Ambedkar and this association ensured a large number of  Dalit participation in Civil Disobedience movement  .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q68) Assertion(A): Depressed classes were given reserved seats in provincial and central councils but they were to be voted by the general electorate.

Reason(R): Gandhi’s fast unto death led to Ambedkar entering into the Poona Pact of September 1932 with him .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q69.) Assertion(A): The Congress and Muslim League entered into compromise in 1927 and formed an alliance.

Reason(R): In 1928 hopes of conference were removed when M.R. Jayakar of the Hindi Mahasabha strongly opposed efforts of compromise.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q70.) Assertion(A): The Muslim response to Civil Disobedience movement had been lukewarm and they were apprehended about their position.

Reason(R): Many muslim leaders and intellectuals were concerned about status of Muslims and felt they would be submerged by Domination of a Hindu majority.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.71.) Assertion(A): Indian nationalist movements saw different social classes and groups developing a sense of collective belonging.

Reason(R): Nationalist movements were the vehicle which gave masses an identity of being part of the same nation and discovering unity in opposing Britishers.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.72.) Assertion(A):  History, fiction, folklores, songs, literature, prints and symbols played a great role in inspiring nationalism in India.

Reasons(R): The identity of any nation when symbolised with a figure or image helps people to have a concrete concept of their nation and they identify with it .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.73.) Assertion(A): Devotion to a mother symbol like Bharat Mata came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism.

Reason(R): Abanindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Q.74.) Assertion(A): The Indian folktales and songs of bards gave a picture of true Indian culture which was corrupted by outsiders.

Reason(R) Indian folktales didn’t put any effect on identity with the glorious past and a national image of India   .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.75.) Assertion(A): During nationalist movements like Swadeshi Andolan and  Non-cooperation various national flags were designed by leaders.

Reason(R): Nationalist leaders were aware of the value of nationalist icons and symbols in unifying people.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.76.) Assertion(A): The Indian history was reinterpreted by Britishers at the end of nineteenth century .

Reason(R): Many Indian leaders tried to instil pride among Indians by telling about their past in a different light from Britishers .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. d

Q.77.) Assertion(A): Nationalist Movement made people see the pre-British era as a glorious time for India.

Reason(R): Indian nationalists wrote about past achievements of Indians and their height of art culture and economy which declined due to British rule.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.78.) Assertion(A): To glorify the past of the Indians, images were taken from Hindu iconography.

Reason(R): These images were welcomed and celebrated by all the Indians.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. c

Q.79.) Assertion(A): Most of the modern Indian nationalist movements were undertaken by Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi .

Reason(R): Mahatma Gandhi was a leader of national status who tried to  channel grievances of masses in the nation movements and create a sense of unity .

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a

Q.80.) Assertion(A):There were many voices of the nationalist movement in which nationalist unity occasionally broke down due to aspirations of different social groups .

Reason(R): The national movement was one of many voices in which Congress had regularly tried to form unity and resolve differences.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b

Directio: The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1.) Assertion (A) : Conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society should be preserved.

Reason (R) : Zollverein was formed to preserve conservatism

[ KVS Raipur 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false

2.) Assertion (A) : The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.

Reason (R) : The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country.

Answer- (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

3.) Assertion (A) : Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.

Reason (R) : Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against the contractors who supplied raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.

Answer-  (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

4.) Assertion (A) : Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian princely house.

Reason (R) : The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.

Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

5) Assertion (A) : Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason (R) : Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.

Answer- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.

6.) Assertion (A) : In France, were the ‘Bibliothéque Bleué, which were low-priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound in cheap blue covers.

Reason (R) : In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.

Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

7) Assertion (A) : In the areas conquered by Napoleon the reactions of the local population were mixed.

Reason (R) : Increased taxation, censorship etc. out-weigh the advantages of administrative changes.

Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

8.) Assertion (A) : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.

Reason (R) : They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule.

Answer- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

9.) Assertion (A) : From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.

Reason (R) : This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

Answer- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

10.) Assertion (A) : On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament.

Reason (R) : The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political rights to women.

Answer- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.

11) Assertion : Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by personifying a nation.

Reason : they represented a country as if it were a person.

[ KVS Hyderabad 2021 – 22 ]

Answer – (B) both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

12.) Assertion : Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.

Reason : During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven States.

Answer- (A) both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

1. Assertion (A) – Forest cover balances the temperature level of the area.

Reason (R) – Forests reduce atmospheric pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere.

ANS: 1. a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) – Natural resources need to be used carefully.

Reason (R) – Resources are finite in supply and human population is tremendously
increasing

ANS. 2. a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Q.1. Assertion: Polythene bags and plastic containers are non-biodegradable substances.
Reason: They can be broken down by microorganisms in natural simple harmless substances.

AnswerAnswer: (c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.

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Q.2. Assertion: The concentration of harmful chemicals is least in human beings.
Reason: Man is at the apex of the food chain.

AnswerAnswer: (d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.

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Q.3. Assertion: Ozone is formed in upper atmosphere by O2 in presence of UV radiations.
Reason: Ozone depletion will lead to UV rays reaching earth which may cause skin cancer.

AnswerAnswer: (b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not correct explanation of the assertion.

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Q.4. Assertion: Aquarium needs regular cleaning
Reason: There are no microbes to clean water in aquarium, therefore, it needs to be regularly cleaned.

AnswerAnswer: (a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion.

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5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Q.1. Assertion(A) : Nuclear fusion is used to generate electricity.
Reason (R) : Nuclear power is used because it cannot be controlled.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

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Q.2. Assertion(A) : Charcoal is a better fuel than wood for domestic purposes.
Reason (R) : Charcoal burns without flames and does not produce smoke during burning.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.3. Assertion(A): Biogas is also known as Gobar gas.
Reason (R): The animal dung is the common material used in the bio gas plant.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.4. Assertion(A) : The slurry left behind in a biogas plant is used as a manure.
Reason (R) : Slurry contains methane and phosphorus as two main nutrients in it.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

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Q.5. Assertion(A) : Construction of big dams has lots of problems associated with them.
Reason (R) : Large ecosystems are destroyed when submerged under the water in dams.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.6. Assertion(A) : Solar energy, wind energy and hydro energy are considered to be exhaustible source of energy
Reason (R) : The rate of depletion of these energy sources, because of extraction of usable energy, is practically negligible.

AnswerAnswer: (d)

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Q.7. Assertion(A) : Solar cooker covered with a plane glass plate is more effective than the one which is left open.
Reason (R) : Covered glass plate allows solar radiations of smaller wavelength to pass through it but does not allow heat radiation of longer wavelengths emitted by heated container to pass through it. Thus, heat remains inside the cooker itself and food item is cooked easily.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.8. Assertion(A) : Solar cooker is painted white from inside.
Reason (R) : The black surface of the solar cooker is a better heat absorber than a white surface.

AnswerAnswer: (d)

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Q.9. Assertion(A) : Silver metal is used for joining various solar cells in a solar cell panel.
Reason (R) : Silver is a shiny metal.

AnswerAnswer: (b)

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Q.10. Assertion(A) : Thermal power plants are set up near coal or gas fields.
Reason (R): Transmission of electric power more efficient, convenient and economical than transportation of fossil fuels like coal or natural gas.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.11. Assertion(A): Fossil Fuels will get depleted some day.
Reason (R): Fossil fuels are exhaustible sources of energy.

AnswerAnswer: (a)

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Q.12. Assertion(A): Hydrogen has been used as a rocket fuel.
Reason (R) : Hydrogen is considered as a lighter fuel than CNG.

AnswerAnswer: (c)

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Q.13. Assertion(A): The use of dry wood as a domestic fuel is considered as good.
Reason (R) : Dry wood on burning produces a lot of smoke.

AnswerAnswer: (d)

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Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Q.1. Assertion(A): On changing the direction of flow of current through a straight conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around the conductor is reversed.
Reason (R) : The direction of magnetic field around a conductor can be given in accordance with left hand thumb rule.

Answer(c)

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Q.2. Assertion(A): The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying solenoid is inversely proportional to the current flowing through the solenoid.
Reason (R) : The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length of a solenoid.

Answer(d)

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Q.3. Assertion(A): A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The deflection of the compass needle decreases when the magnitude of an electric current in the wire is increased.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor increases on increasing the current.

Answer(d)

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Q.4. Assertion(A) : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The deflection of the compass needle decreases when the compass needle is displaced away from the wire.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field decreases as one moves away from a current carrying conductor.

Answer(a)

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Q.5. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the current flowing through the coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the current flowing in the coil.

Answer(c)

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Q.6. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the radius of the circular coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the radius of the circular coil.

Answer(d)

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Q.7. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the number of turns of the circular coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the number of turns of the circular coil.

Answer(a)

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Q.8. Assertion(A) : On freely suspending a current-carrying solenoid, it comes to rest in N-S direction just like a bar magnet.
Reason (R) : One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a North pole and the other end as a South pole.

Answer(a)

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Q.9. Assertion(A) : Alternating Current is used in household supply.
Reason (R) : AC electric power can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of energy.

Answer(a)

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Q.10. Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of a wire depends on the radius of the coil
Reason (R) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of a wire depends on the number of turns of the wire in the coil.

Answer(b)

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Q.11. Assertion(A) : A current carrying wire deflects a magnetic needle placed near it.
Reason (R) : A magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.

Answer(a)

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Q.12. Assertion(A) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of turns per unit length in solenoid coil.
Reason (R) : Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the current flowing through the solenoid.

Answer(b)

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Q.1. Assertion (A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent lamps.
Reason (R) : The melting point of tungsten is very low.

Answer(c)

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Q.2. Assertion (A) : If a graph is plotted between the potential difference and the current flowing,
the graph is a straight line passing through the origin.
Reason (R) : The current is directly proportional to the potential difference.

Answer(a)

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Q.3. Assertion (A) : Longer wires have greater resistance and the smaller wires have lesser resistance.
Reason (R) : Resistance is inversely proportional to the length of the wire.

Answer(c)

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Q.4. Assertion (A) : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices, like electrical iron,
toasters etc.
Reason (R) : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures.

Answer(a)

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Q.5. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected end-to-end consecutively, they are said to
be in series.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be increased, then the individual resistances are
connected in series.

Answer(b)

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Q.6. Assertion (A) : When the resistances are connected between the same two points, they are said
to be connected in parallel.
Reason (R) : In case the total resistance is to be decreased, then the individual resistances are
connected in parallel.

Answer(b)

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Q.7. Assertion (A) : A cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Reason (R) : Cell maintains a constant potential difference between its terminals for a long
time.

Answer(b)

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Q.8. Assertion (A) : The resistivity of a substance does not depend on the nature of the substance
and temperature.
Reason (R) : The resistivity of a substance is a characteristic property of the material.

Answer(d)

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Q.9. Assertion(A) : Tungsten metal is used for making filaments of incandescent lamps.
Reason (R): The melting point of tungsten is very low.

Answer(c)

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Q.10. Assertion (A) : The fuse is placed in series with the device.
Reason (R) : Fuse consists of a piece of wire made of a metal or an alloy of appropriate melting
point.

Answer(b)

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Q.11. Assertion (A) : The coil of a heater is cut into two equal halves and only one of them is used into heater. The heater will now require half the time to produce the same amount of heat.
Reason (R) : The heat produced is directly proportional to square of current.

Answer(b)

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Q.12. Assertion (A) : The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated appreciably.
Reason (R) : Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.

Answer(a)

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Q.13. Assertion (A) : A current carrying wire should be charged.
Reason (R) : The current in a wire is due to flow of free electrons in a definite direction.

Answer(d)

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Q.14. Assertion (A) : Electron has a negative charge.
Reason (R) : Electrons move always from a region of higher potential to a region of lower potential.

Answer(c)

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Q.15. Assertion (A) : Heater wire must have high resistance and high melting point.
Reason (R) : If resistance is high, the electric conductivity will be less.

Answer(b)

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Q.16. Assertion (A) : In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is removed now and circuit is completed again. If the remaining 49 bulbs are again connected in series across the same supply, then light
gets decreased in the room.
Reason (R) : Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.

Answer(d)

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Q.17. Assertion (A) : Fuse wire must have high resistance and low melting point.
Reason (R) : Fuse is used for small current flow only.

Answer(c)

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Q.18. Assertion (A) : The connecting wires are made of copper.
Reason (R) : The electrical conductivity of copper is high.

Answer(a)

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Q.19. Assertion (A) : Current is the rate of flow of charge.
Reason (R) : Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies when connected, if they are at same
potential.

Answer(b)

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Q.20. Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason (R) : The circuit is incomplete for the bird sitting on high power line.

Answer(a)

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Q.21. Assertion (A) : When a wire is stretched to three times of its length, its resistance becomes 9 times.
Reason (R) : Resistance is directly proportional to length of wire.

Answer(b)

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Q.22. Assertion (A) : It is advantageous to transmit electric power at high voltage.
Reason (R) : High voltage implies high current.

Answer(c)

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Q.23.Assertion (A) : Bending a wire does not affect electrical resistance.
Reason (R) : Resistance of a wire is proportional to resistivity of material.

Answer(b)

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Q.24. Assertion (A) : A voltmeter and ammeter can be used together to measure resistance but not power.
Reason (R) : Power is proportional to voltage and current.

Answer(d)

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Q.25. Assertion (A) : The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness than 100 W bulbs.
Reason (R) : A 100 watt bulb has more resistance than a 200 W bulb.

Answer(b)

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Q.26. Assertion (A) : If 10 bulbs are connected in series and one bulb fused, then the remaining 9 bulbs will not work.
Reason (R) : Bulb of higher wattage will give less bright light.

Answer(b)

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Q.27. Assertion (A) : Good conductors of heat are also good conductors of electricity and vice versa.
Reason (R) : Mainly electrons are responsible for conduction.

Answer(a)

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Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

Q.1. Assertion(A) : White light is dispersed into its seven-colour components by a prism.
Reason (R) : Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray as they pass through a prism.

Answer(a)

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Q.2. Assertion(A) : The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles gives rise to Tyndall effect.
Reason (R): The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering particles.

Answer(b)

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Q.3. Assertion(A): A normal human eye can clearly see all the objects beyond certain minimum distance.
Reason (R) : The human eye has capacity of adjusting the focal length of eye lens.

Answer(a)

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Q.4. Assertion(A) : A rainbow is sometimes seen in the sky in rainy season only when observer’s back is towards the Sun.
Reason (R) : Internal reflection in the water droplets cause dispersion and the final rays are in backward direction.

Answer(a)

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Q.5. Assertion (A) : Myopia is the defect of the eye in which only nearer objects are seen by the eye.
Reason (R) : The eye ball is elongated.

Answer(a)

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Q.6. Assertion(A): Hypermetropia is the defect of the eye in which only farther objects are seen.
Reason (R) : Hypermetropia is corrected by using converging lens.

Answer(b)

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Q.7. Assertion(A) : Danger signals are made of red colour.
Reason (R) : Velocity of red light in air is maximum, so signals are visible even in dark.

Answer(c)

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Q.8. Assertion(A): The sky looks dark and black instead of blue in outer space.
Reason (R) : No atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter sunlight.

Answer(a)

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Q.9. Assertion (A): The stars twinkle, while the planets do not.
Reason (R) : The stars are much bigger in size than the planets.

Answer(b)

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Q.10. Assertion(A): The Sun appears flattened at sunrise and sunset.
Reason (R) : The apparent flattering of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset is due to atmospheric refraction.

Answer(a)

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Q.11. Assertion (A) : Blue colour of sky appears due to scattering of blue colour.
Reason (R) : Blue light has longer wavelength.

Answer(c)

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