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Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

• (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .
• (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .
• (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
• (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

1.) Assertion (A) : Hindi is identified as the only official language of India.

Reason (R) : It helped in creating supremacy of Hindi speaking people over others.

[ KVS Raipur 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

2.) Assertion (A): A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992.

Reason (R): The constitution was amended to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective

Answer- (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

3.) Assertion (A) : Third-tier of government is local government.

Reason (R) : It made democracy weak.

Answer- (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

4.) Assertion (A): When power is taken away from central and state governments and given to local governments it is called decentralisation.

Reason (R): At least one third of all positions are reserved for women in local government bodies

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

5.)Assertion (A) : Zilla Parishad Chairperson is the political head of the zilla parishad.

Reason (R) : Mayor is the head of municipalities.

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

6.) Assertion (A): Besides Hindi there are 21 other languages recognized as scheduled languages by the constitution.

Reason (R):Restructuring the centre state relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice.

Answer-(B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

7).Assertion (A) : Coalition government is formed during dearth of coal in the country.

Reason (R) : It helps in overcoming coal crisis.

Answer- (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

8.) Assertion (A): Belgium shifted from a federal form of government to a unitary government.

Reason (R): Usually, a federation has two levels of government

Answer- (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

9.) Assertion (A): Belgium and Spain have ‘holding together’ federation.

Reason (R) : A big country divides power between constituent states and national government.

Answer- (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

10.) Assertion (A): A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992.

Reason (R): The constitution was amended to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.

[ KVS Hyderabad 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) .

Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

• (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
• (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

1.) Assertion (A): In Belgium, the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible by respecting the feelings and interest of different countries.

Reason: Belgium favoured Dutch speaking community.

[ KVS Raipur 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

2.) Assertion (A): Horizontal distribution of power allows different organs of the government placed at same level to exercise different powers.

Reason(R): The separation ensures that different organs can exercise unlimited power

[ KVS Hyderabad 2021 – 22 ]]

Answer- (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

3.) Assertion (A): In a democracy, everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies.

Reason: India has federal system.

Answer- (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

4.) Assertion (A): Power sharing is good for democracy.

Reason (R): It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between the social groups.

Answer- (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

5.) Assertion (A): Power Sharing is good.

Reason: It leads to ethical tension.

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

6.) Assertion (A): French speaking community in Belgium was rich and powerful.

Reason: Belgian Government favoured French speaking community.

Answer- (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

7.) Assertion (A): Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1949.

Reason(R): The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority

Answer- (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

8.) Assertion (A): Community government in Belgium is elected by one language community.

Reason: Community government helped in resolving conflict between different linguistic groups.

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

9) Assertion (A): Community government in Belgium allows to share power among religious and linguistic groups.

Reason(R): In India there are legal and constitutional arrangements where by socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.

(D) If both assertion and reason are false.

1.) Assertion (A): Mass communication promotes national integration and provides entertainment

Reason (R): It strengthens democracy in the country by providing news to the masses. they feel attached to the country and a feeling of nationalism arises in them.

Answer – A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

2.) Assertion (A): Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.

Reason (R): Roads are unmetalled and their network is inadequate.

Answer – A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

3.) Assertion (A): Tourism promotes national integration.

Reason (R) : Millions of people are directly engaged in tourism industry.

Answer – (B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

4.) Assertion (A) : Communication is an unessential requirement of human life.

Reason (R) : Communication between people does not create awareness.

Answer – (D) If both assertion and reason are false.

5.) Assertion (A): Cost of laying pipelines is less but subsequent running costs are maximum.

Reason (R): Pipelines do not facilitate easy transportation of goods.

Answer – (D) If both assertion and reason are false.

6.) Assertion (A): Transport and communications are called lifelines of our economy.

Reason (R): Transport and communications do not help in easy movement of goods and materials between countries

Answer – (C) If assertion is true but reason is false.

7.) Assertion (A) : Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.

Reason (R) : It is a fuel -efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.

Answer – A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

(A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

(B) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the not correct explanation of assertion

(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false

(D)Both Assertion and Reason are False

Q.1) Assertion (A) : Aluminum smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India.

Reason (R): It is light , resistant to corrosion , a good conductor of heat.

Answer- (A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Q.2) Assertion (A): Almost all machinery can be redesigned and generators should be fitted with silencers.

Reason (R): Old machinery produced noise and consumes high energy

Answer- (A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Q.3) Assertion (A): India has world class production in spinning.

Reason (R): Weaving is done by handloom, power loom, and in mills.

Answer- (A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Q.4) Assertion (A): Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other

Reason (R): The agro industries have given boost to agriculture by raising its productivity

Answer- (A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

Q.5) Assertion (A): Wastes from nuclear power plants cause cancers , birth defects and miscarriages .

Reason (R): Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and ground water also get contaminated.

Answer- (B) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the not correct explanation of assertion

Q.6) Assertion (A): In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in southern and western states

Reason (R): the cane produced in southern and western states has higher sucrose content.

Answer- (A) Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of assertion

ASSERTION AND REASON
DIRECTION : In the following questions, a statement of
assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the
correct choice as :
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason
is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : Uses of iron brought a radical change in
   human life.
   Reason : Different kinds of tools where invented by
   using minerals
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Revolution in agriculture-different type of tools
   invented like axe, hook, plough etc., revolution in
   industry-different tools and machines like spinning
   and also revolution in transportation- bullock- cart,
   ships, boats etc brought a radical change in human life
2. Assertion : Mining activity is often called a “Killer
   Industry”.
   Reason : Mining helps in agriculture.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   Mining is a source a deforestation, high risk is involved,
   water sources get contaminated and mining doesn’t
   help in agriculture.
3. Assertion : Iron ore is the basic mineral and the
   backbone of India.
   Reason : India is rich in good quality Iron ore.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of
   industrial development. India is rich in good quality
   iron ores. Iron ore is exported largely from India,
   however the reason does not justify the assertion.
4. Assertion : Mica is a metallic mineral.
   Reason : Mica mineral is the basic raw material for
   cement industry
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   Mica is a mineral made up of a series of plates or
   leaves. It is a non-metallic mineral and it is used in
   electric and electronic industries.
5. Assertion : Minerals are an indispensable part of our
   lives.
   Reason : Minerals have a universal use, they are used
   to manufacture everything we use in our day to day
   lives.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Minerals are found in varied forms in nature. Even the
   food that we eat contains minerals. Almost everything
   we use, from a tiny pinto a towering building or a big
   ship, all are made from minerals.
6. Assertion : Geological processes of mineral formation
   is slow
   Reason : Minerals resources are consumed way quickly
   than they are formed.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   Mineral formation is slow as it requires millions of
   years to be created but are used very quickly in
   comparison.
7. Assertion : Thermal power stations are located on or
   near the coalfields.
   Reason : Coal is a bulky material, which loses weight
   on use as it is reduced to ash. Hence, heavy industries
   and thermal power stations are located on or near the
   coalfields.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason justifies the assertion.
8. Assertion : Natural gas is referred as an environment
   friendly fuel.
   Reason : Natural gas contains low carbon dioxide
   emissions.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel
   because of low carbon dioxide Emissions.
9. Assertion : Increased use of fossil fuels creates a
   healthy environment.
   Reason : Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are easily
   obtained from natural resource.
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   Increased use of fossil fuels causes serious environmental
   problems. Hence, there is a pressing need to use
   renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide,
   biomass and energy from waste material.
10. Assertion : Conservation of Energy Resources is
    essential.
    Reason : Energy is a basic requirement for economic
    development.
    Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
    reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
    Energy saved is energy produced, the economic
    development plans implemented since Independence
    necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to
    remain operational.

Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

• (A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
• (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
• (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

1.) Assertion (A) : Agriculture is not an old economic activity.

Reason (R) : Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.

[ KVS Raipur 2021 – 22 ]

Answer – (d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false. 

2.) Assertion (A): Land productivity is low in Primitive Subsistence Farming.

Reason (R) : It is labour-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used

Answer – (C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) (R) is false.

3.) Assertion (A) : Tea cultivation, is a labour – intensive industry.

Reason (R): Cultivation can be done throughout the year .Tea bushes require warm and moist frost- free climate.

Answer:- (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

4). Assertion (A): Pulses are considered as a major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.

Reason (R) : Being leguminous crops they help in restoring the soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) (R) are true but Reason (R) (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

5.) Assertion (A): Biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

Reason (R): Doses of biochemical input are used to grow crops rapidly

Ans: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

6.) Assertion (A): In the 1980s and 1990s a comprehensive land development programme was initiated which included both institutional and technological reforms.

Reason (R : Green revolution was based on the use of package Technology.

Answer- (B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) (R) are true but Reason (R) (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

7). Assertion (A) : Organic farming is much in vogue.

Reason (R) : In organic forming, crops are grown using high doses to increase production.

Answer: (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

8.) Assertion (A): Primitive Subsistence Farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land

Reason (R : This type of farming depends on monsoon.\

Answer – (D) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) (R) are false.

9).Assertion (A) : apple food crop in India is rice and requires less rain.

Reason (R): Our country is the fourth largest producer of rice in the world

Answer-: (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.

10.) Assertion (A): Cotton cannot be grown in Assam.

Reason (R : The crop needs bright sunshine and 210 frost free days for its growth.

[ KVS Hyderabad 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1. Assertion (A) : In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Reason (R) : Inter-state water disputes are also becoming less common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multi-purpose project.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (c)

Q.2. Assertion (A) : It was observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne disease.
Reason (R) : People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion (A) : In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting system.
Reason (R) : Rainwater, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (b)

Q.4. Assertion (A) : Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
Reason (R) : Hence, dams are now referred to as multi-purpose projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.5. Assertion (A) : Most of the objections to the projects arose due to their success to achieve the purposes for which they were built.
Reason (R) : Ironically, the dams that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir.

➤ Show AnswerAnswer: (d)

ASSERTION AND REASON
DIRECTION : In the following questions, a statement of
assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the
correct choice as :
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason
is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : Water is a renewable resource.
   Reason : Freshwater is mainly obtained from surface
   run off and ground water that is continually being
   renewed.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist
   as oceans and only few cent occurs to be fresh water.
   Nearly 70 per cent of this freshwater occurs as ice
   sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and the
   mountainous regions of the world.
2. Assertion : The availability of water resources varies
   over space and time.
   Reason : Availability of water resources helps in
   storing water.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   Water resources varies over space and time due to
   the variation in seasonal and annual precipitation
   however water scarcity in most cases is caused by
   over- exploitation and excessive use.
3. Assertion : Dams are referred to as multi-purpose
   projects.
   Reason : Dams are built for irrigation, electricity
   generation, water supply for domestic and industrial
   use, flood control, recreation and fish breeding.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers
   and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate
   agricultural fields. They also help in various activities.
   Thus, the reason justifies the assertion.
4. Assertion : Dams are only used for generating
   electricity, not for irrigation.
   Reason : Water stored in dam does not produce
   electricity.
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   Dams are built to impound rivers and rainwater that
   could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields and it
   also helps to generate electricity and fulfills a variety
   of purposes at the same time. Thus, both reason and
   assertion are false.
5. Assertion : Irrigation has also changed the cropping
   pattern.
   Reason : Crops are now sown according to the amount
   and availability of water.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of
   many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive
   and commercial crops. Large farmers are benefitted
   through changing the cropping pattern.
6. Assertion : Irrigation is considered to be the major
   source of agriculture.
   Reason : Dams are well-known for their capacity to
   hold water for agriculture.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   Irrigation is considered to be the major source of
   agriculture. The major sources of irrigation are from
   canals, tanks, wells and tubes but dams are used only
   to store large water for later use.
7. Assertion : Multi-purpose projects help to control
   floods by regulating water flow.
   Reason : Dafrisyere constructed to conserve water.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   Multi-purpose projects include dam which helps us
   in conserving and managing water. Floods occur due
   to very rainfall. Building dams in most of our river
   basins helps in controlling floods as it helps in storing
   and regulating water resource. Thus both are true,
   but the reason does not justify the answer.
8. Assertion : Growing Population is the main reason for
   water scarcity.
   Reason : Irrigation from tube wells and canals is
   responsible for water scarcity.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   Water is utilized on large basis because, increasing
   population requires more water for cooking, washing
   and bathing. Irrigation is not a major contributor.
   Thus, the assertion is true but the reason is not.
9. Assertion : Ground water a highly overused resource.
   Reason : Ground water is used for domestic and
   drinking purpose.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Ground water a highly’ overused resource as it used
   for domestic purpose and drinking purpose. Huge
   population mainly depends upon the ground water for
   basic requirements

ASSERTION AND REASON
DIRECTION : In the following questions, a statement of
assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the
correct choice as :
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason
is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : Forests plays a key role in the ecological
   system.
   Reason : Forest are the primary producers on which
   all other living beings depend.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create
   the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink
   and the soil that produces our food without which we
   cannot survive. Thus, we are very much dependent on
   this system for our own existence.
2. Assertion : Neglect of our environment has led to the
   destruction and extinction of many species of animals
   and plant life.
   Reason : Decreasing Forest cover area is a major
   reason of destruction of species.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Vanishing forests are the major reason for the extinction
   of species of animals and plant life. Thus, neglecting
   our environment has led to dire consequences.
3. Assertion : Depletion of forests causes a lot of danger.
   Reason : Forests are vital for the quality of life and
   environment.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Depletion of forests causes a lot of danger. Water
   scarcity, drought and deforestation induced floods are
   some of the dangers. Thus, forests are vital for the
   Download all GUIDE and Sample Paper pdfs from www.cbse.online or www.rava.org.in Page 6
   Chap 2.2 : Forest and Wildlife Resources www.cbse.online
   quality of life and environment.
4. Assertion : Large-scale development projects have
   also contributed significantly to the loss of forests.
   Reason : Large scale development projects doesn’t
   inundate hectares of forest.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   Clearing of forests is still continuing with projects
   like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh
   which would inundate large areas of forests. Thus,
   contributing significantly to the loss of forests.
5. Assertion : Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant
   Reason : It has healing qualities.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   A chemical compound called ‘taxol’ is extracted from
   the bark, needles, twigs and roots of this tree, and it
   has been successfully used to treat some cancers.
6. Assertion : We need to conserve our forests and
   wildlife.
   Reason : Rapid decline in wildlife population and
   forestry has been observed.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and
   our life support systems and also preserves the genetic
   diversity of plants and animals for better growth of
   species and breeding. Thus, there is a dire need for
   conservation our forests and wildlife.
7. Assertion : Tiger population is not on the verge of
   extinction.
   Reason : Tiger population in forests is increasing
   rapidly day by day.
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   Tiger population is on the verge of extinction and the
   major threats to tiger population are numerous, such
   as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of
   prey base species, growing human population.
8. Assertion : Destruction of forests and wildlife resulted
   into the loss of cultural diversity.
   Reason : The conservation of forests and wildlife is
   essential to provide a better quality of life.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   The destruction of forests and wildlife has affected the
   livelihood of many communities who are dependent oh
   forests. Thus, resulting in loss of cultural diversity and
   severe droughts and floods. However the Season does
   not explain the assertion.
9. Assertion : The tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited
   kindness.
   Reason : Trees are living organisms which makes no
   demands for its sustenance, and extends generously
   the products of its life activity.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   It affords protection to all beings, offering shade even
   to the axe men who destroy it. Therefore, the tree
   is an organism of unlimited kindness that extends
   generosity to humanity.

Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:

• (A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
• (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
• (C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
• (D) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.

1.) ASSERTION (A):.Land is a resource of utmost importance.

REASON (R): Land can be used for various purposes like agriculture and industry.

Answer- (A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).

2.) ASSERTION (A): The black soils are made up of extremely fine ie, clayey material.

REASON(R) : They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture.

Answer – (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

3.) ASSERTION (A ): Alluvial soils are very fertile

REASON (R) : Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime

[ KVS Hyderabad 2021 – 22 ]

Answer- (A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).

4.) ASSERTION (A): Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly

REASON (R) : Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these, are included among developed resources.

Answer – (C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

5.) ASSERTION (A): Biotic Resources are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna.

REASON (R): Abiotic Resources are those things which are composed of nonliving things ,for example, rocks, air and metals

Answer – (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

6.) ASSERTION (A) : Agenda 21 was signed in1992 in Rio de Janeiro

REASON(R): Sustainable development focused on utilization of resources

Answer – (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

7.) ASSERTION (A): Public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are community owned resources.

REASON (R) : They are accessible to all the people living there.

Answer – (A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).

8.) ASSERTION (A): Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of water down the slopes and controls soil erosion.

REASON (R) : Soil erosion is the washing away of top layer of soil or denudation of soil cover.

Answer – (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

9.) ASSERTION (A) : All the resources belong to the nation.

REASON(R): International institutions regulate the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone.

Answer- (B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

10.) ASSERTION (A): Resources are not vital for any developmental activity.

REASON(R) : Excessive consumption and over utilisation of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.

Answer- (D) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.

ASSERTION AND REASON

DIRECTION : Mark the option which is most suitable :

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is
the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : In 1517, the religious reformer Martin
   Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many
   of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic
   Church.
   Reason :,T his led to a division within the Church and
   to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 4
   A printed cojiy of the Theses was posted on a church
   door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to
   debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were immediately
   reproduced in large numbers and read widely. The
   reason thus correctly justifies the assertion.
2. Assertion : The new reading culture was accompanied
   by a new technology.
   Reason : From hand printing there was a gradual shift
   to mechanical printing.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason thus correctly justifies the assertion.
3. Assertion : The production of handwritten manuscripts
   could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books.
   Reason : Chinese paper reached Europe via the silk
   route.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   Copying was laborious, expensive and time-consuming.
   Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and
   could not be carried around or read easily. Therefore,
   their circulation remained limited. The reason does
   not explain or justify the assertion.
4. Assertion : The first book that Gutenberg printed was
   the Bible.
   Reason : About 500 copies were printed and it took
   two years to produce them.
   Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
   About 180 copies were printed and it took three years
   to produce them. The reason is thus false.
5. Assertion : Print and popular religious literature
   stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations
   of faith even among little-educated working people.
   Reason : Through the seventeenth and eighteenth
   centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of
   Europe,
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
6. Assertion : As literacy and schools spread in African
   countries, there was a virtual reading mania.
   Reason : Churches of different denominations set up
   schools in villages, carrying literacy to tribals.
   Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
   As literacy and schools spread in European countries,
   there was a virtual reading mania. Churches of
   different denominations set up schools in villages,
   carrying literacy to peasants and artisans.
7. Assertion : Children became an important category
   of readers.
   Reason : Primary education became compulsory from
   the late nineteenth century.
   Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and
   reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason justifies the assertion.
8. Assertion : There was intense controversy between
   social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy
   over matters like-widow immolation, monotheism,
   Brahmanical priesthood and idolatory.
   Reason : The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867,
   published thousands upon thousands off at was telling
   Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday
   lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.
   Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but
   reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
   The reason does not justify the assertion.