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CHAPTER -16 Garbage In Garbage Out | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Here students can get info about NCERT Important Questions & MCQs for Class 6 Science so that they can get to know the answers to the questions in case they are not able to find it. You can find the best Class 6th Science NCERT Solutions explained in conformance with the CBSE curriculum for Class 6.

Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Which one of the following will add to garbage?
(a) Wrapper of a biscuit pack
(b) Tin of a cold drink
(c) Syringe used by a doctor
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
Garbage consists of many different types of substances and materials, as wrapper of a biscuit pack, tin of a cold drink, syringe used by a doctor, tea leaves, etc.

Question 2.
Which one can be used for making manure?
(a) Earthworms
(b) Houseflies
(c) Eagle
(d) Crow

Answer

Answer: (a) Earthworms
Explanation:
Earthworms are called farmer’s friends because they convert agricultural waste into manure.

Question 3.
Leaves falling from trees should be disposed by
(a) burning
(b) making compost by boiling and drying them
(c) making compost by vermicomposting
(d) any of these methods

Answer

Answer: (c) making compost by vermicomposting
Explanation:
leaves falling from trees should be disposed by making compost by vermicomposting.

Question 4.
Garbage from cities is collected at
(a) landfill areas
(b) riversides
(c) inside the ponds and lakes
(d) near every colony

Answer

Answer: (a) landfill areas
Explanation:
Garbage from cities is collected at landfill areas.

Question 5.
Which of the following can be recycled?
(a) Waste paper
(b) Leather shoes
(c) Animal waste
(d) Kitchen waste

Answer

Answer: (a) Waste paper
Explanation:
Waste paper is renewable source which is recycled into 0ther uesful products

Question 6.
Out of these, which one is a non-biodegradable waste?
(a) Paper
(b) Faecal matter
(c) Aluminium foil
(d) Cotton

Answer

Answer: (c) Aluminium foil
Explanation:
Non-biodegradable wastes are those that cannot be broke and harmless products by microbes.

Question 7.
3’R’ means
(a) reduce, reuse and recycle
(b) rain, reuse and recycle
(c) rotting, reduce and reuse
(d) recycle, rain and rotting

Answer

Answer: (a) reduce, reuse and recycle
Explanation:
Practicing 3R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is a good method of waste management and important for healthy environment.

Question 8.
Which among the following will not pollute the soil?
(a) Aluminium foil
(b) Plastic
(c) Thermo Col
(d) Bread

Answer

Answer: (d) Bread
Explanation:
Bread is a biodegradable material.

Question 9.
Rotting is carried out by
(a) microbes
(b) insects
(c) ants
(d) amoeba

Answer

Answer: (a) microbes
Explanation:
Biodegradable wastes are broken down by microorganism (microbes)

Question 10.
Materials that can be recycled are collected in
(a) Red bins
(b) Blue bins
(c) Yellow bins
(d) White bins

Answer

Answer: (b) Blue bins
Explanation:
According to government scheme, materials that can be recycled are collected in blue bins. This waste is sent directly for processing

Match the following items given in column A with that in column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Land fill	(i) Give out harmful gases on burning
(b) Vermi compositing	(ii) Form Compost
(c) Red worms	(iii) Making things from waste
(d) Recycling	(iv) Land where garbage is thrown
(e) Plastic	(v) Method of preparing compost

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Landfill	(iv) Land where garbage is thrown
(b) Vermicomposting	(v) Method of preparing compost
(c) Redworms	(ii) Form compost
(d) Recycling	(iii) Making useful things from wastes
(e) Plastic	(i) Gives out harmful gases on burning

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. …………………… is an area where the garbage is collected.

Answer

Answer: Landfill

2. Converting plant and animal wastes into manure is called ……………….. .

Answer

Answer: composting

3. We need to generate …………….. waste.

Answer

Answer: less

4. Method of making compost using …………………. is called vermicomposting.

Answer

Answer: redworms

5. Municipal solid waste is commonly called ………………. .

Answer

Answer: garbage

State whether the statements given below are True or False:

1. Paper can be recycled to get useful products.

Answer

Answer: True

2. Drains get choked due to plastics thrown by us.

Answer

Answer: True

3. Plastics give out harmful gases on heating or burning.

Answer

Answer: True

4. Redworms eat upon green leaves on trees and make compost.

Answer

Answer: False

5. Plastics are eco-friendly.

Answer

Answer: False

Important Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct option:
1. Landfill are is a/an:
(a) open area
(b) high lying open area
(c) open area near a river/lake
(d) low lying open area
2. The rotting of garbage is said to be completed when the garbage:
(a) rot completely and not smell
(b) rot almost completely, but still smell bad
(c) rot only partially
(d) not change at all
3. Which of the set of items not good for making compost?
(a) Plastic paper, tin foil, wrappers
(b) Broken plastic toys, polythene bags, pieces of clothes
(c) Egg shells, vegetable and fruit peels and tea leaves

(d) Aluminium wrappers, plastic bags and dry leaves

4. Which of the following animals are used for making compost?
(a) Redworms
(b) House fly
(c) Cockrach
(d) Mosquitoes
5. Leaves falling from trees should be:
(a) dumped in landfill areas
(b) dried and burnt
(c) used in making compost
(d) dumped near the ponds and takes
Ans:
1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (c)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is a landfill?
Ans: A low-lying open area is called landfill.

2. What are blue coloured bins used for?
Ans: Blue bins are used for collecting materials that can be recycled.

3. Give example of material that can be used again.
Ans: Plastics, metals and glass.

4. What type of garbage is thrown in green bins?
Ans: Kitchen and other plants or animals wastes.

5. Define composting.
Ans: The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called composting.

6. Explain the term vermicomposting.
Ans: The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting.

7. What are redworms?
Ans: Redworms are a type of earthworms which help in preparing compost from the kitchen wastes and parts of plants or animals.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. We should not add wastes containing salts, pickles, oil, vinegar, meat and milk products in vermicomposting pit to feed the redworms. Why?
Ans: Addition of substances such as salts, oil, pickles, vinegar, meat and milk products to vermicompost pit causes growth of disease-causing small organisms. They may cause harm to redworms and hinder in preparation of vermicompost.

2. How can the non-useful component be reused?
Ans: The non-useful components of the garbage are separated by Safai Karamcharis. This separated non-useful components of garbage is spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into pork or a playground. For the next 20 years or so, no building is constructed on it.

3. What do we do to the useful components (biodegradable) of the garbage?
Ans: Generally, useful components of the garbage are used to make compost. Compost are usually developed near the landfill.
(i) For preparing compost, waste materials like fruit and vegetable peel, egg shells, used tea leaves, waste food, dry leaves, newspapers etc. should be dumped in a pit.
(ii) The pit is covered with soil.
(iii) After 20-25 days, observe the garbage. If the garbage is rot, turned black in colour and no foul smell is emitted, it means rotting of garbage is complete and compost is ready to use.

4. What do you mean by composting?
Ans: The garbage containing plant and animal wastes, waste food, when left as such in pits or heaps is acted upon by bacteria, fungus-like organisms causing rotting. Rotting leads to the formation of manure. It is conversion of complex molecules into simple molecules which can be used by plants for growth and development. Thus, rotting and conversion of some organic materials into manure is called composting.

5. Why should we not bum dried plant leaves and husk? What is the best way to get rid of them?
Ans: Burning of dried leaves, husk and other plant parts produces smoke and gases that are harmful to our health.Dried leaves, husk and other plant parts can be used for preparing compost.

6. List waste products produced from an industry.
Ans: The waste products produced from an industry are:

Chemicals
Smoke
Ash
Empty containers such as glass bottles, plastic articles, wrappers.
Plastic bags
Broken things, iron or other metals

7. What will happen if garbage is left open in bin?
Ans: (i) Garbage will rot and bad smell will spread all around the surroundings.
(ii) Garbage will become breeding spot for flies, mosquitoes and other disease- causing small organisms.
(iii) Due to flies, mosquitoes and other organisms many diseases will spread in the community.
(iv) Rotting garbage may cause air pollution and spread of respiratory disease such as breathing problems.

8. Waste may contain the following things:
Ans:

Empty bottles
Syringe
Needles
Ampute
Used cotton
Injection bottles
Used bandages
Pieces of plaster
Tablet wrapper
Empty paper boxes
Polythene bags
Left over food items
Peels of fruits and vegetables.

9. What is papier-mache? How does it help us?
Ans: Papier-mache is a paste made from pulp of waste papers and clay used for moulding into boxes, trays, etc. This helps in recycling of paper.

10. Can you replace the following packaging material with those which can be recycled or reused.
(1) Milk packets of polythene.
(2) Dry eatables in polythene.
(3) Gift items packed with shiny material.
(4) Glass tumblers packed in thermocole box.
Ans: (1) Glass bottles or recycling polythene.
(2) Paper bags coated with thin sheet of aluminium or recycling polythene.
(3) Beautifully designed paper or recycling shiny material.
(4) Glass tumblers packed in straws placed card-board boxes. As thermocole cannot be recycled.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. List the biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste products in your school What are the best ways to get rid of this garbage?
Ans: Biodegradable wastes:
(i) Paper container
(ii) Chalk boxes
(iii) Pencil scraps
(iv) Faeces and urine
(v) Loose and tom waste paper of exercise notebooks and diaries
(vi) Dropout leaves and twigs
(vii) Fruit peels and flower wastes
Non-biodegradable wastes:
(i) Broken glass wares
(ii) Plastic and geometrical instruments
(iii) Plastic and polythene containers
(iv) Wrappers of toffee, aluminium foil
(v) Broken iron wire pieces
Disposal of Wastes:
Biodegradable garbage can be put in a pit made in one comer of the school compound. Cover the garbage with soil, spray some quantity of water. When this pit is full of degradable items cover it with a mixture of dung and clay for a few weeks. .
After a few weeks when an odour stops coming out from the pit. It indicates that all the degradable material has been converted into compost manure.
The non-biodegradable garbage can be sold to Kabari or can be dumped in a landfill.

2. What are the uses of plastic?
Ans: Uses:
(i) Plastic container can be used to store edible goods.
(ii) Goods packed in plastic pack can be taken anywhere easily and are water proof.
(iii) Plastic containers or articles are good-looking, light in weight, cheap and durable.
(iv) Plastic containers such as bottles can be used to store chemicals. No chemical effects on it.
(v) Plastic can be recycled.

3. What are the demerits of plastic?
Ans: Demerits of plastic:
(i) Plastics give out harmful gases upon heating or burning. These gases may cause many health problems, including cancer in humans.
(ii) Some people often fill garbage in plastic bags and throw it away in open. When stray animals look for food in these bags, they swallow plastic bags along with food. Sometimes, they die due to this.
(iii) The plastic bags thrown away carelessly on roads and other places get into drains and the sewer system.
These plastic bags choke the drains. As a result dirty water spills on road. It causes spread of bad smell and diseases.

4. What suggestions you will give to members of locality to solve the problem of waste material?
Ans: I will suggest the member of my locality to use biodegradable waste in preparing compost.
To take people in confidence, you should make efforts to show the path for preparing compost:
(i) You should select a comer of your locality.
(ii) Dig a pit at open place and ask all the residents to throw their kitchen waste in this pit. Cover the biodegradables in the pit with layers of soil.
(iii) Cover the pit with the mixture of soil and dung.
(iv) After 5-6 weeks, open the pit and show it to the resident of your colony. Also explain that their disposed off material has converted into compost manure.
(v) You can convince RWA (Resident Welfare Associations) to use this manure for colony parks and also in plant pots kept in individual houses for , beautification.

5. Why should we be careful in using plastic bags to store cooked food items?
Ans:
(i) Sometimes the plastic bags may not be suitable for keeping eatables.Consuming food packed in such plastic bags could be harmful to our health.
(ii) Many a time shopkeepers use plastic bags that have been used earlier for other purpose.
(iii) Sometimes bags collected by rag pickers are also used after washing them. Use of such recycled plastic bags to keep food items could be harmful for our health. So, shopkeepers can be stressed upon the use of plastic bags approved by the authorities.

6. List the steps for preparing vermicompost.
Ans:
(i) Dig a pit about 30 cm deep or select a wooden box.
(ii) Spread a net or chicken mesh at the bottom .of pit or box. You can also spread 1 to 2 cm thick layer of sand.
(iii)Spread some vegetable wastes including peels of fruits over the sand layer. You can use green leaves, husk or pieces of newspaper, dried stalks of plants and dried animal dung.
(iv) Sprinkle some water to make the layer wet. Do not
(a)Use excess of water
(b)Press layer of leaves or waste so that it has sufficient air and moisture,
(v) Now, buy some redworms and put them in the pit.
(vi) Cover them loosely with a gummy bag or an old sheet of cloth or a layer of grass.
(vii) Redworms need food. So you can provide them as food—vegetable and fruit peels, coffee and tea remains and weeds from the field or garden. Bury this food about 2-3 cm inside the pit.
(viii) Do not put salt, pickles, oil, vinegar, meat and milk preparations. This may cause growth of disease-causing organisms. Redworms do not survive in very hot or very cold surroundings.
(ix) After 3-4 weeks, put some waste food in one comer of the pit. Most of the worms will shift towards newly added food.
(x) Remove the compost from the vacated part and dry it in the sun for a few hours. The vermicompost becomes ready for use.

7. Observe the bins and waste material heaps and suggest what materials can be used for preparing handicrafts materials.
Ans: The following handicraft items can be prepared from the waste materials usually seen in bins and waste storage.

Designs and sceneries on cardboard, pencil scrab can be used.
We can prepare basket, toys, flower vase, etc.
Egg trays can be prepared by papier-mache prepared from waste paper decorated with the help of different colours and can be used.
Empty earthen cup (kullarh) can be used as Janjhi by making small hole in it and putting a burnt candle. Light comes out in different designs.
Flower vase can be prepared with the help of ice-cream sticks.
Different types of toys are prepared with the help of plastic cup, spoon, plate, forks.
Models of historical monuments can be designed with the help of empty injection bottles and amputes.

You can prepare other objects with the help of your friends, brothers, sisters, relatives, parents and teachers.

8. Explain one wag of recycling of waste paper.
Ans: One way to recycle the waste papers is as given below:

Collect old newspapers, magazines, used notebooks, envelopes and tom out used papers.
Make small pieces of paper of these items and put them in a bucket or any other container submerged in water for one or two days.
Make thick paste of wet paper by pounding it. Spread the waste paste on the wire mesh fixed to the frame. You can use a large-sized seive in place of a frame.
Pat the layer of paste gently to make the layer of the paste as uniform as possible. You may spread an old cloth or a sheet of newspaper on the paste to soak up the extra water.
Remove the layer of paste from the frame and spread it on a sheet of newspaper in the sun. Put some weight on the comers of the newspaper so that these do not curl up.
You can decorate the paper by adding food colours, dried leaves, flower petals or pieces of coloured paper in the paste.
This will help you to get a recycled paper with beautiful patterns on it.

9.What can we do to reduce overuse of plastics?
Ans:

Re-use of the plastic bags whenever it is possible to do so without any adverse affects. Neglect re-use of plastic bags for storage or storage of food items to store food items.
Insist shopkeepers to use paper bags or jute bags to carry goods purchased,
Do not use plastic bags, especially to store eatables.
Do not throw plastic bags.
Don’t fill plastic bags with wastes of plants and animals, such as peels of vegetables and fruits, egg shells, bone pieces of animals, and throw them here and there in open places.
Animals may eat such plastic bags for the sake of food items. Later on these cause death of animals such as cow. buffaloes, dogs and other stray animals. These plastic bags, sometimes suffocate them or choke the alimentary canal which causes indigestion of food and elimination of undigested food.
Do not bum plastic bags and other plastic items because they emit harmful gases.

10. Municipality provides two types of dustbins for garbage collection. One coloured with blue colour and other with green colour. From following wastes which you will put in the which dustbin?
Plastic materials, metals and glass items, wastes of plants and animals, peels of fruits and vegetables, dried leaves and twigs, remains of meat like flesh and hopes.
Ans:
(i) The material which can be recycled should be put in the blue dustbin. These materials are: plastic materials, waste metals and glass. It means that the materials which can be recycled and reused should be put in the blue dust bin. These materials cannot rot but can be recycled.
(ii) The wastes of plants and animals, peels of fmits and vegetables, dried leaves and plant twigs, kitchen wastes and other wastes of plant and animal wastes, etc. should be dumped in the green bin or bag. This means that biodegradables are collected in the green dustbin which can be used to prepare compost.

11. Can you make something useful of these waste material?Powder containers, cold-drink cans, plastic bottles, shoe-box.
Ans:
(a) Powder container: Their use depends upon their size, shape and the material they are made of. For example
(i)elongated metallic powder container can be used as pen-pencil stand, to grow money-plant etc.
(ii) plastic containers can be recycled.
(b) Drink cans: Storing liquids like oils, growing herbaceous plants like money- plants etc.
(c) Plastic bottles: Storing liquids such as oils and recycling plastic.
(d) Shoe-box: Making small red-cross box, storage pen-pencils and other small articles.

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CHAPTER -15 Air Around Us | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 15 Air Around Us 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Major part of the air is constituted by
(a) nitrogen
(b) oxygen
(c) carbon dioxide
(d) inert gases

Answer

Answer: (a) nitrogen
Explanation:
3/4^th portion of air is nitrogen.

Question 2.
Which of the following gas helps in burning? ,
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Carbon monoxide

Answer

Answer: (b) Oxygen
Explanation:
Oxygen does not bum but supports burning.

Question 3.
Which of the following gas we use in breathing?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Oxygen
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Oxygen
Explanation:
We use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.

Question 4.
Wind is
(a) air around us
(b) rising hot air
(c) air in motion
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (c) air in motion
Explanation:
Air in motion is called wind.

Question 5.
Air is present in
(a) atmosphere
(b) soil
(c) water of ponds, lakes and seas
(d) everywhere

Answer

Answer: (d) everywhere
Explanation:
Air is present everywhere.

Question 6.
Air is
(a) a mixture
(b) a pure substance
(c) an element
(d) anything, that depends on the place where it is found

Answer

Answer: (a) a mixture
Explanation:
Air is a mixture of various gases, water vapours and dust particles.

Question 7.
Envelope of air that surrounds the earth is known as
(a) biosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) environment
(d) ecosystem

Answer

Answer: (b) atmosphere
Explanation:
Air is all around us, a thick layer of air surrounds the earth, this blanket of air is called atmosphere.

Question 8.
Which is not a property of air?
(a) It occupies space.
(b) It is transparent,
(c) It is a solution.
(d) It is a compound.

Answer

Answer: (d) It is a compound.
Explanation:
Air is a homogeneous solution, which occupies space and it is transparent. So air is not a compound.

Question 9.
The ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air is
(a) 1:4
(b) 4:1
(c) 3:1
(d) 1:2

Answer

Answer: (b) 4:1
Explanation:
4:1 is the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air.

Question 10.
The main constituent of the air is.
(a) nitrogen
(b) oxygen
(c) carbon dioxide
(d) hydrogen

Answer

Answer: (a) nitrogen
Explanation:
Composition of air (Percentage by volume), nitrogen = 78.03, oxygen = 20.99, carbon dioxide = 0.03, noble gases = 0.95 and some water vapours, dust particles and other impurities.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Air	(i) Thin layer of air surrounding our earth.
(b) Wind	(ii) Released in respiration.
(c) Atmosphere	(iii) Makes three fourth part of total air.
(d) Oxygen	(iv) Is process of burning of food to get energy.
(e) Carbon dioxide	(v) Uses wind power to rotate.
(f) Nitrogen	(vi) Process of preparation of food by green plants.
(g) Respiration	(vii) Allow air to move here and there.
(h) Photosynthesis	(viii) Is a gaseous mixture.
(i) Windmill	(ix) Supports combustion.
(j) Open areas	(x) Is air in motion.

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Air	(viii) Is a gaseous mixture.
(b) Wind	(x) Is air in motion.
(c) Atmosphere	(i) Thin layer of air surrounding our earth.
(d) Oxygen	(ix) Supports combustion.
(e) Carbon dioxide	(ii) Released in respiration.
(f) Nitrogen	(iii) Makes three fourth part of total air.
(g) Respiration	(iv) Is process of burning of food to get energy.
(h) Photosynthesis	(vi) Process of preparation of food by green plants.
(i) Windmill	(v) Uses wind power to rotate.
(j) Open areas	(vii) Allow air to move here and there.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Words.

1. When air is in ………………. it is called wind.

Answer

Answer: motion

2. Air has no ……………. and one can see through it. It is ………………… .

Answer

Answer: colour, transparent

3. Air is really not one substance but a ……………………. .

Answer

Answer: mixture

4. Air contains ………………… particles.

Answer

Answer: dust

5. The component of air that supports burning is called …………………… .

Answer

Answer: oxygen

6. The oxygen helps in breaking down the digested food in the body to release the …………………….. .

Answer

Answer: energy

7. Our earth is surrounded by ……………………….. .

Answer

Answer: air

Important Questions

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Name the main component of air.
Ans: Nitrogen gas

2. What is the source of oxygen gas in air?
Ans: Photosynthesis by green plants is source of oxygen gas in air.

3. What is the percentage of nitrogen in air?
Ans: 78.1%

4. What is the percentage of oxygen in air?
Ans: 20.9%

5. What is the source of carbon dioxide in air?
Ans: Respiration by animals and plants and burning of fuel.

6. Mention one necessary condition for the combustion to take place.
Ans: Presence of air.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Why is air considered as a mixture?
Ans: Air contains oxygen and nitrogen as its major constituents of air. These gases retain their properties in air. So the air is called a mixture.

2. Name the major gas present in the (a) inhaled air (b) exhaled air.
Ans: (a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide.

3. Write the necessary conditions for rusting of iron to take place.
Ans: Rusting of iron takes place in the presence of moisture and air. So the presence of air and water vapour in air are two necessary conditions for rusting of iron.

4. Name a device which uses wind energy to generate electricity.
Ans: Windmills use the wind energy to convert wind energy into electrical energy

5. What is wind energy? Mention its two advantages.
Ans: Blowing air is called wind. Wind possesses kinetic energy. The kinetic energy possessed by wind is called wind energy.
Uses of Wind Energy are:
(i) Wind energy is used to pump the ground water.
(ii) Wind energy is used to generate electricity with the help of windmills.

6. Mention two uses of air.
Ans: The two uses of air are as below:
(a) For respiration all organisms need air.
(b) For burning of any substance air is needed.

7. Describe balance of oxygen in the air.
Ans: The oxygen in air is used by the organisms present in air, water or soil or on earth for their respiration. During respiration carbon dioxide gas is released to air. But green plants during photosynthesis use carbon dioxide of air for preparing food and they release oxygen gas in the air. Thus the balance of oxygen in air is maintained.

8. What happens if the percentage of oxygen in the air reaches to 70%?
Ans: If any substance catches fire it will become difficult to extinguish the fire, as oxygen supports combustion.

9. What happens if the percentage of carbon-dioxide increases in the air?
Ans: The increased percentage of carbon-dioxide will cause green house effect, i.e. it will not allow the hot rays of sun to escape from the atmosphere after reflection once they enter the earth’s atmosphere, thereby increasing the temperature of earth, ice on mountains will melt and water level will rise.

10. You must have seen during rainy season, when it rains the animals like earthworm, snakes, snails etc. are commonly seen. Explain why?
Ans: All these animals live in underground burrows or remain buried in the soil. They get oxygen from air that enters into the burrow through entrance of burrow or through pores in the soil. But when it rains, the water gets filled in their dwelling places and pores of the soil. So, they come out in search of air.

11. Why is carbon-dioxide gas used to extinguish fire?
Ans: It is because carbon-dioxide does not support combustion. When sprayed on burning object it stops the supply of oxygen and extinguishes fire.

12. How will you prove that soil contains air in it?
Ans: Take a glass tumbler add some soil in it, then pour some water on the soil slowly, the air-bubbles comes out of the soil. This proves that soil holds air in it.

13. Why do we see the sky and air clear and clean after rainfall?
Ans: The dust particles which remain suspended in air get loaded and come down on the ground due to rainfall, this is the reason that the sky and the air look clean and clear after rainfall.

14. Explain why mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them?
Ans: As you go up, above the sea-level the atmospheric pressure goes on decreasing and the amount of oxygen also decreases at higher altitude.

15. Explain why during an incident of fire, one is advised to wrap a woollen blanket over a burning object.
Ans: Blanket cuts the supply of oxygen to the object that is burning, thereby prevents it from further burning.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is air? Name the major constituents of air. Also give their volume proportions in air.
Ans: Air is a mixture of gases. The major constituents of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon. The percentage composition of constituents of air are as given below:
ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-3

ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-3

Other components of air are water vapour and dust particles.

2. Demonstrate through a simple experiment that the air mainly contains nitrogen and oxygen in the volume ratio of 4: 1.
Ans: Aim of experiment: To show that air contains nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 4 : 1 by volume:
Procedure: Take a glass container and fix a candle at its centre. Put some quantity of water in the container. Place an empty, dry gas jar over it. Mark five marks above water surface on the jar at equal distances shown in the figure given below.
ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-4

ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-4

The candle is lightened and is covered with the gas jar. After some time the candle is extinguished and the water level is raised in gas jar. The raised level in water is 1 / 5 of the volume of air in the gas jar.
This proves that one part of the air of the jar is a gas which supports combustion, i.e., oxygen. Hence, 1/5 by volume is oxygen in air.

3. Air is a mixture. Prove this statement.
Ans: The components of mixture can be easily separated and they retain their properties.
ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-5

ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-15-air-around-us-5

The components of air are: oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour and carbon-dioxide, all these gases can be easily separated and they retain their properties.

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CHAPTER -14 Water | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 14 Water Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Which one is a process in which water changes into vapours in atmosphere?
(a) Evaporation
(b) transpiration
(c) Precipitation
(d) condensation

Answer

Answer: (a) Evaporation
Explanation:
Changing water into vapours is called evaporation.

Question 2.
Potable water is
(a) ocean water
(b) groundwater at selected places
(c) river water
(d) ponds water

Answer

Answer: (b) groundwater at selected places
Explanation:
Potable water is groundwater at specific area.

Question 3.
Which is not a part of water cycle?
(a) Cloud formation
(b) Rain
(c) Drinking by animals
(d) Sun

Answer

Answer: (c) Drinking by animals
Explanation:
Drinking by animals is not a part of water cycle.

Question 4.
Which is a result of condensation of water vapours?
(a) Rain
(b) Snowfall
(c) Hail
(d) Tiny water droplets

Answer

Answer: (d) Tiny water droplets
Explanation:
Water vapour, being brighter, rises up in the atmosphere and cools down. It further condenses to form tiny droplets.

Question 5.
Which one is the purest form of water?
(a) River water
(b) Groundwater
(c) Rainwater
(d) Ocean water

Answer

Answer: (c) Rainwater
Explanation:
Rainwater is the purest form of water.

Question 6.
Circulation of water between ocean and land is known as
(a) water cycle
(b) rain cycle
(c) water management
(d) water harvesting

Answer

Answer: (a) water cycle
Explanation:
Constant flow of water from the earth to the atmosphere and back to the earth is known as water cycle if

Question 7.
The percentage of water in potato is
(a) 88
(b) 75
(c) 90
(d) 95

Answer

Answer: (b) 75
Explanation:
75% of potato is water.

Question 8.
Out of these, which is not a source of surface water?
(a) rain water
(b) river and lake water
(c) Spring water
(d) sea water

Answer

Answer: (c) Spring water
Explanation:
Rainwater, river water and sea water are the examples of surface water.

Question 9.
Boiling point of water is
(a) 100°C
(c) 101°C
(b) 99°C
(d) 102°C

Answer

Answer: (a) 100°C
Explanation:
Boiling point of water is 100°C.

Question 10.
Plants release large amount of water vapour into the atmosphere by the process called
(a) evaporation
(b) condensation
(c) precipitation
(d) transpiration

Answer

Answer: (d) transpiration
Explanation:
Plants release large amount of water vapour into the atmosphere by the process called transpiration.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(i) Oceans	(a) Are covered with ice
(ii) Lakes	(b) Water drawn from tube well, hand pump and wells
(iii) Rivers	(c) Sources of saline water
(iv) Poles	(d) Results due to excess and continuous rains
(v) Groundwater	(e) Are of both types sweet water and saline water
(vi) Drought	(f) Meant to make up of the water level
(vii) Flooding	(g) The solid form of water
(viii) Water harvesting	(h) Results due to no rain for prolonged time
(ix) Snow	(i) Are sources of sweet water

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(i) Water cycle	(v) Interconversion of water in various forms B
(ii) lakes	(i) conversion of water into steam
(iii) poles	(x) water loss by plants
(v) Ground water	(viii) usually results in rain
(vi) Drought	(ii) feeds nearly all others water sources
(vii) Flooding	(iii) formed during winters due to cooling of atmospheric moisture
(viii) Water Harvesting	(iv) suspend water droplets in atmosphere
(ix) Snow	(vi) ice, water and stream

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. ………………. is needed for drinking, bathing, washing our clothes and many more functions.

Answer

Answer: Water

2. Large part of the earth is covered by……………………

Answer

Answer: Ocean and seas

3. The water in the oceans is very ……………. in taste.

Answer

Answer: salty

4. Ice, water and ………………….. are the three states of same material.

Answer

Answer: salty

5. Water vapours get continuously added to atmosphere due to evaporation and ………………

Answer

Answer: transpiration

6. The process of conversion of vapours into liuid is known as ………………………

Answer

Answer: transpiration

Important Questions

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Write the sources of water on the earth.
Ans: Sources of water on the earth are:
Seas, Oceans, Rivers, Springs, Tubewells, etc.

2. In which forms, water exists on the earth?
Ans: Water exists on the earth in all three physical forms: ice, water and water vapour.

3. What is transpiration?
Ans: Loss of water in the form of water vapour through stomata of leaves is called transpiration.

4. How are the clouds formed?
Ans: Clouds are formed by the condensation of water vapour at high altitude.

5. What is meant by the conservation of water?
Ans: Careful, economical and wise use of water and avoiding the wastage of water is called conservation of water.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Mention two main functions of water for living organisms.
Ans: Two main functions of water for living organisms are:
1. Water is essential for the germination of seeds, growth of plants and in photosynthesis.
2. Water is used for the transportation of people and goods.

2. Why is ocean water not suitable for domestic use?
Ans: Sea and ocean water contains large amounts of various salts. It is due to these salts the ocean water is salty and cannot be used for drinking, washing and for irrigation purposes.

3. Why does the water split on the floor disappear after some time?
Ans: Due to evaporation the water split is changed into water vapour. So it disappears after some time.

ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-14-water-1

4. How does heavy rain affect us?
Ans: Heavy rains may cause:
1. A rise of water level in dams, rivers, lakes, etc.
2. Waterlogging and floods.
3. Floods cause damage to property, crops and animals.

5. How does the failure of rainfall affect people on the earth?
Ans: The failure of rainfall can cause the following:
1.The soil becomes dry.
2. Water level in rivers, lakes, dams, etc. may fall. Ponds and canals may even dry up.
3. The ground water level falls.

6. Name two processes responsible for the formation of clouds.
Ans: Evaporation and transpiration.

ncert-solutions-for-class-6th-science-chapter-14-water-2

There are 4 containers A, B, C and D with same amount of water in each. Answer the following based on them.
(a) Name the container in which water will evaporate faster than all others.
(b) Name the container in which water will evaporate very slowly.
Give reason for your answer.
Ans.
(a) C – More is the exposed surface area, more will be evaporation of water.
(b) B – As it is closed, no evaporation takes place.

8. During winters why do we see more fog in close areas where there are lots of .trees?
Ans: Due to lots of trees, air at that place contains much more water vapour during winters. These vapour condense on dust or smoke particles forming thick fog.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by conservation of water? Suggest three methods to conserve water.
Ans: Careful and economical use of water and avoiding its wastage is called conservation of water.
Suggestions for conserving water:

Use only the required quantity of water.
Trees and forests help in causing rainfall. So to conserve water, we should plant more and more trees.
By collecting rainwater in tanks, ponds or by constructing check dams.

2. What is rainwater harvesting? Describe the method of rainwater harvesting.
Ans: Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater and storing for future use. In this system rainwater in collected from the rooftops by means of pipes into storage tank for later use.
Methods of Rainwater Harvesting:

Rooftop rainwater harvesting. In this system, the rainwater from the rooftop is collected in a storage tank, through pipes.
Another method, a big pit is dug near house for collecting rainwater. This pit is filled with different layers of bricks, coarse gravels and sand or granite pieces

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CHAPTER -13 Fun with Magnets | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Which is an example of a magnetic substance?
(a) Iron
(b) Nickel
(c) Cobalt
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
All of these are attracted towards a magnet.

Question 2.
Magnets have a shape
(a) cylindrical
(b) ball ended
(c) horse shoe
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (d) all of these
Explanation:
Magnets may be of various shapes including bar magnets.

Question 3.
When a bar magnet is brought near iron dust, most of the dust sticks
(a) near the middle
(b) equally everywhere
(c) near two ends
(d) at the middle and ends

Answer

Answer: (c) near two ends
Explanation:
Magnetic field intensity is maximum at the poles of a bar magnet.

Question 4.
A freely suspended bar magnet rests in
(a) north-south directions
(b) east-west directions
(c) upside down
(d) any direction by chance

Answer

Answer: (a) north-south directions
Explanation:
A bar magnet always rests in N-S directions when suspended freely.

Question 5.
Attraction is seen between the poles of two bar magnets in the case of
(a) N-pole of one magnet with N-pole of other
(b) N-pole of one magnet with S-pole of other
(c) S-pole of one magnet with S-pole of other
(d) all of these cases will show attraction

Answer

Answer: (b) N-pole of one magnet with S-pole of other
Explanation:
Unlike poles attract and like poles repel each other.

Question 6.
Which is a natural magnet?
(a) Magnetite
(b) Haemetite
(c) Bakelite
(d) Copper

Answer

Answer: (a) Magnetite
Explanation:
Magnetite is a natural magnet.

Question 7.
Choose the wrong statement
(a) Heat can destroy magnetic properties of a magnet.
(b) Magnets are made up of different materials and different shapes.

Answer

Answer: (d) Magnetite does not show magnetic properties.
Explanation:
Magnetite does not show magnetic properties.

Question 8.
The magnetic properties of a magnet cannot be destroyed by
(a) hammering
(b) heating
(c) dropping on a hard surface
(d) boiling

Answer

Answer: (d) boiling
Explanation:
Magnetic properties of a magnet cannot be destroyed by boiling, because magnetic properties are destroyed by hammering, dropping on hard surface and by heating.

Question 9.
Which two ends of a magnet are called magnetic poles?
(a) North pole
(b) South pole
(c) North and south pole
(d) Self demagnetisation

Answer

Answer: (c) North and south pole
Explanation:
Magnetic poles (North pole and South pole)

Question 10.
Magnets attract
(a) wood
(b) plastic
(c) paper
(d) iron

Answer

Answer: (d) iron
Explanation:
Iron is attracted by magnet.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Magnetite	(i) Non-magnetic substances
(b) Iron, nickel, cobalt	(ii) Used to find out N-S directions
(c) Leather, plastic, wax	(iii) Attract each other
(d) Lodestone	(iv) Natural magnet
(e) Compass	(v) Repel each other
(f) Like poles of two magnets	(vi) Discovered magnet incidently
(g) Opposite poles of two magnets	(vii) Magnetic, substances
(h) Magnus	(viii) Name of first magnet

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Magnetite	(iv) Natural magnet
(b) Iron, nickel, cobalt	(vii) Magnetic substances
(c) Leather, plastic, wax	(i) Non-magnetic substances
(d) Lodestone	(viii) Name of first magnet
(e) Compass	(ii) Used to find out N-S directions
(f) Like poles of two magnets	(v) Repel each other
(g) Opposite poles of two magnets	(iii) Attract each other
(h) Magnus	(vi) Discovered magnet incidently

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. When north-pole of one magnet is brought near the …………….. of another magnet, they attract one another.

Answer

Answer: south pole

2. When the north-pole of one magnet is brought close to the …………… of another magnet, they repel each other.

Answer

Answer: north pole

3. Similar poles of two magnets …………………. one another.

Answer

Answer: repel

4. A compass needle always points in a direction …………………….

Answer

Answer: north-south

5. Stickers with pieces of magnet inside them easily stick to ………………… surfaces like the doors of refrigerator.

Answer

Answer: iron

6. Materials which get ……………….. towards magnet are known as magnetic.

Answer

Answer: attracted

7. The ……………………… of magnet where maximum iron filings get clung, ape known as ………………..

Answer

Answer: ends, poles

Important Questions

Question 1.
Who discovered magnet?
Answer:
An old shepherd who lived on Create Island named Magnes discovered it.

Question 2.
Name the country in which it (magnet) was discovered.
Answer:
Greece.

Question 3.
When was magnetite discovered?
Answer:
Magnetite was discovered around 800 B.C.

Question 4.
What is magnetite called now?
Answer:
Magnetite like materials are called magnets now.

Question 5.
What are magnetic materials (substances)?
Answer:
Materials which get attracted by the magnet are called magnetic materials (substances).

Question 6.
What are non-magnetic substances?
Answer:
Substances which are not attracted by magnet are called non-magnetic substances.

Question 7
Write the names of some non-magnetic substances.
Answer:
Rubber, Cotton, Plastic, Wood, Button, Cloth, etc.

Question 8.
Name the first magnet.
Answer:
Lodestone.

Question 9.
What is lodestone?
Answer:
Lodestone is a type of iron. It bears the properties of magnet.

Question 10.
Make a list of given substances into two groups – magnetic and non¬magnetic.
Answer:
Key, Wood, Glass, Alpin, Chalk, Pencil, Nail, Cup of tea, Book, Rubber, Needle, Fork.table

Magnetic substances	Non-magnetic substances
Key, alpin, nail, needle, fork (because all these stick to the magnet)	Wood, glass, chalk, pencil, cup of tea, book, rubber. (none of these sticks to the magnet)

Question 11.
What are the properties of a magnet?
Answer:

It attracts iron pieces towards itself.
It always aligns itself in the same direction, if left to rotate freely.
It is composed of oxides of iron (Fe₃O₄).

Question 12.
What are soft and hard magnetic materials?
Answer:
Soft iron is called soft magnetic material because it loses its magnetism easily. Soft iron is used in making electromagnets.

Steel is called a ‘hard’ magnetic material because it does not lose its magnetism so easily. It is used to make permanent magnets.

Poles of magnet

Question 1.
How many poles are there in a magnet?
Answer:
There are two poles in a magnet, north-pole and south-pole. See Fig. 13.2.

Question 2.
To which part of the magnet do the most of the iron filings (or pins) stick?
Answer:
Most of the iron filings (or pins) stick to the poles, i.e., north and south poles. At these poles of magnet magnetic effect is maximum (See Fig. 13.3).

Question 3.
To which part of the magnet do none or only a few iron filings (or pins) stick?
Answer:
Minimum number of iron filings stick to the middle part of the magnet. Magnet has its magnetic effect least in this part (middle part).

Question 4.
Are both poles of a magnet similar?
Answer:
No, the two poles of a magnet are not similar (alike). Both have different tendency. The pole that points towards the north is called north-pole while the pole pointing always towards the south is called south-pole.

Question 5.
Which is the north-pole of a bar magnet?
Answer:
It is the tip of a bar magnet which points towards the north direction.

Question 6.
Which is the south-pole of a bar magnet?
Answer:
It is the tip of a bar magnet that points towards the south direction.

Question 7.
Why does bar magnet always point in north-south directions?
Answer:
Bar magnet always points in north-south directions when left freely suspended because earth itself behaves like a magnet and north-pole of bar magnet is attracted towards south-pole of earth’s magnet and vice versa.

Question 8.
Where are south and north poles of earth’s magnet?
Answer:
Earth’s magnetic south-pole is near the geographic north-pole and north-pole of earth’s magnet is near geographic south-pole.

Question 9.
Can we isolate north-pole or south-pole?
Answer:
No, we cannot isolate north-pole of a magnet from its south-pole or vice versa. If you break a bar magnet into two halves, you will not get a single north or south pole but two magnets each with its north and south-poles.

Question 10.
Do magnetic poles exist separately like charges? Explain.
Answer:
Magnetic poles do not exist separately like positive and negative charges. This means that it is not possible to isolate a north pole of a magnet from its south pole by cutting the magnet from the middle. Whenever a bar magnet is cut into two halves, we get two new magnets, each with its north and south poles. This will continue indefinitely even if extremely small pieces of bar magnets are obtained. Thus magnetic polest always exist in pairs.

Question 11.
What happens when a pole of a bar magnet say its north-pole is marked with a chalk and suspended freely? What do you observe on rotating the bar magnet?
Answer:
The marked pole comes to rest in north direction. On rotating, after some time, it again comes to rest in north direct0n.

Question 12.
Where are the poles of a circular magnet? How will you find this?
Answer:
Ring type or circular magnet also has two poles.Its exterior and interior parts act like different poles.
To find out the nature of the two poles, we suspend circular magnet with a piece of thread. We bring another magnet near it. Both attract each other. It clearly concludes Fig. 13.10. Circular magnet that one surface of the circular magnet is attracted but the other surface is repelled by the same pole of the other magnet.

Question 13.
Mark the north-poles of two bar magnets and bring the poles of the magnets near each other, and note down your observations in table.
Answer:

Poles, facing one another	They are called	We observe
North-South	Opposite poles	Attraction
North-North	Similar poles	Repulsion
South-South	Similar poles	Repulsion
South-North	Opposite poles	Attraction

Question 14.
What will happen to the magnet when we cut it into two pieces?
Answer:
When we cut a bar magnet into two pieces, both these pieces act as magnets and we get two magnets (Fig. 13.11).

Question 15.
When a bar magnet was brought close to a compass, the orientation of the needle became as shown in figure. Identify the poles on the ends of the bar magnet marked A’ and ‘B’. Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Answer:
Orientation of the needle clearly shows that red marked ‘ end (north-pole) attracts the end of bar magnet marked “A”. It means both these are unlike poles and the end of bar magnet marked “A” is south-pole. End marked ‘B’ is north-pole because like (same) poles repel each other.

Question 16.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) When a suspended magnet comes to rest, one pole always points towards the ………………..
(ii) And the other pole always points towards the …………..
Answer:
(i) North,
(ii) South

Activity 4
Spread some iron filings on a sheet of paper. Now, place a bar magnet on this sheet. What do you observe? Do the iron filings stick all over the magnet?
No, the iron filings will stick only on the poles or the ends of the magnet.

Do you observe that more iron filings get attracted to some parts of the magnet than others (NCERT Fig. 13.7)?
More iron filings get attracted to ends of the magnet where the magnetic force is maximum.

Remove the iron filings sticking to the magnet and repeat the activity. Do you observe any change in the pattern with which the iron filings get attracted by different parts of the magnet?
No, there is no change in the pattern.

Finding Directions

Question 1.
In which direction does freely suspended magnet rest?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always points in the north-south direction.

Question 2.
How did we come to know that magnet is helpful to find (detect) directions?
Answer:
About 800 years ago, Chinese saw that a hanging lodestone always comes to rest in a particular direction i.e., north-south. Therefore, they came to know about finding the direction with the help of lodestone.

Question 3.
Why is compass needle kept in a closed glass vessel?
Answer:
Compass needle is a small and thin magnet used to find the direction. If it is kept in open, it may deflect in any direction due to pressure exerted by air. So to know right direction, it is kept covered by glass covering.

Question 4.
Does the compass needle point in different directions?
Answer:
The compass needle has a magnetic needle closed in a glass covering. The needle can rotate on its pin pointed base. Its red marked end always indicates towards the north direction. It always rests in north-south directions. We use it to find out the direction.

Question 5.
Hang a bar magnet with a thread on a stand and rotate the base of stand. What will happen?
Answer:
The direction of bar magnet is not changed as we rotate the stand. It is because a freely suspended magnet comes to rest in particular direction, i.e., north-south directions. In this activity, only stand changes its direction (See Fig. 12.6)

Question 6.
How do the shipmen find the direction even when north pointing pole star is not visible?
Answer:
Shipmen during navigation can find the direction with the help of magnetic needle. This is believed to be first used by Chinese.

Make Your Own Magnet

Question 1.
Can an ordinary vessel (lota) be magnetised?
Answer:
Yes, to magnetise ordinary vessel, it would have to be buried in the earth for many years.

Question 2.
Can a magnet be demagnetised? How?
Answer:
Yes, a magnet can be demagnetised:

By packing like poles of two magnets in same direction.
By hammering the magnet hard.
By heating the magnet strongly.

Question 3.
How should two-bar magnets be kept?
Answer:
After using it, two-bar magnets should be placed inside a wooden box so that:

the poles of two magnets lie opposite to each other.
a wooden piece should be kept between the two magnets.
metallic caps should be put on the poles, otherwise they will attract other magnetic objects.

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CHAPTER -12 Electricity and Circuits | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Cell is a device which
(a) converts chemical energy into electrical energy
(b) electrical energy into light energy
(c) electrical energy into magnetic energy
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) converts chemical energy into electrical energy
Explanation:
In a cell, chemicals are used to produce potential difference.

Question 2.
A bulb has
(a) two terminals and one filament
(b) two terminals and two filaments
(c) multiple terminals and single filament
(d) single terminal and single filament

Answer

Answer: (a) two terminals and one filament
Explanation:
A bulb has a filament which glows and two terminals which are joined to two terminals of the battery.

Question 3.
Filament of a bulb is made up of
(a) aluminium
(b) chromium
(c) platinum
(d) tungsten

Answer

Answer: (d) tungsten
Explanation:
Tungsten has high melting point and high resistance.

Question 4.
Bulb glows only in
(a) closed circuit
(b) open circuit
(c) in both circuits
(d) open circuit if bulb is not fused

Answer

Answer: (a) closed circuit
Explanation:
Only a closed circuit is a complete circuit.

Question 5.
A battery is
(a) a single cell
(b) a combination of cells in which cells are joined (+) to (-)
(c) a combination of cells in which cells are joined (+) to (+)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) a combination of cells in which cells are joined (+) to (-)
Explanation:
In a battery two or more cells are combined in such a way that (+) terminal of one cell is joined to (-) terminal of other.

Question 6.
A substance which allows electricity to pass through it is called
(a) a conductor
(b) an insulator
(c) semiconductor
(d) superconductor

Answer

Answer: (a) a conductor
Explanation:
Substances which allow electric current to pass through them.

Question 7.
Which is an example of an insulator
(a) bakelite
(b) aluminium
(c) tap water
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) bakelite
Explanation:
Aluminium and tap water are conductors of heat.

Question 8.
An example of a conductor is
(a) tap water
(b) salt solution
(c) metal wire
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (d) all of these
Explanation:
Tap water, salt solution and metal wire are the examples of conductors.

Question 9.
How many terminals are there in a dry cell?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four

Answer

Answer: (b) Two
Answer:
Dry cell has two terminals (+ve) and (-ve).

Question 10.
To prevent electric shocks, the metallic electrical wires are covered with
(a) paper
(b) cotton
(c) aluminium
(d) plastic

Answer

Answer: (d) plastic
Explanation:
Plastic is an insulator of electricity.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Cell	(i) Allows electricity to pass through it
(b) Battery	(ii) Either breaks or completes a circuit
(c) Conductor	(iii) Converts electricity into light
(d) Insulator	(iv) Glows when electricity passes in it
(e) Switch	(v) A device which produces electricity
(f) Bulb	(vi) Is a path of electricity
(g) Filament	(vii) Does not allow electricity to pass
(h) Circuit	(viii) A combination of cells

Answer

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. An electrical cell has two terminals, a positive and a ……………

Answer

Answer: negative

2. Materials through which current can pass are called ………………….

Answer

Answer: conductors

3. Materials through which current cannot pass are called …………………….

Answer

Answer: insulators

4. Our body is a …………………. conductor of electricity.

Answer

Answer: good

5. When a switch is off, the circuit becomes ………………..

Answer

Answer: open

6. We use …………….. to test the conductivity of a material.

Answer

Answer: conduction tester

7. A switch either breaks or …………. a circuit.

Answer

Answer: completes

8. Electricity we use in our homes is supplied from a ………………..

Answer

Answer: power house

Important Questions

Question 1.
What is an electric cell?
Answer:
Electric cell is a source of energy. It produces a small amount of electricity from chemicals stored inside it.

Question 2.
What is meant by a battery?
Answer:
When two or more cells are joined together, it is called a battery.

Question 3.
Give any difference between a cell and a battery.
Answer:
A cell has only one plate as a positive and only one plate as a negative electrode, while a battery, which is a combination of cells in a series, can have many plates.

Question 4.
Why does a cell stop producing electricity after some time?
Answer:
An electric cell produces electricity from chemicals stored inside it. When the chemicals inside the cell are used up, the cell stops producing electricity.

Question 5.
Why should we not join the wires connected to the two terminals of the electric cell?
Answer:
We should never join the wires with two terminals of the electric cell. If we do so, the chemicals in the electric cell get used up very fast and the cell stops working.

Question 6.
Name some devices in which we use an electric cell.
Answer:
We use electric cell in an alarm clock, wrist watch, transistor, camera, torch, etc.

Question 7.
Two cells can be joined in two ways in series and in parallel. What do you mean by these two ways? In which way the cells are joined in a torch?
Answer:
In series: When (+) terminal of one cell is joined to (-) terminal of the other, the arrangement is called in series.
Parallel: When (+) terminal of a cell is joined to (+) terminal and (-) terminal to (-) terminal of other cell, the arrangement is called parallel.

Question 8.
Why shouldn’t the two terminals of an electric cell be joined directly?
Answer:
Never join the two terminals of the electric cell without connecting them through a switch and a device like a bulb: Because if you do so, the chemicals in the electric cell get used up very fast and the cell stops working.

A Bulb Connected to an Electric Cell

Question 1.
How do we connect wires to the electric cell?
Answer:
Two separate wires are connected to the two terminals of the cell as shown below:

Question 2.
How is the bulb connected to the wires?
Answer:
We can stick the wires to the bulb at the two terminals by the tape or using solding machine as shown in the figure.

Question 3.
How is an electric bulb connected to the cell? Show by a diagram.
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the advantages of dry cells?
Answer:
Advantages of dry cells are:

They are light in weight and small in size.
They can be transported from one place to another easily.
There is no fear of leakage/spillage in dry cells.

Activity 2
Take four lengths of electric wire with differently coloured plastic coverings. Remove a little of the plastic covering from each length of wire at the ends. This would expose the metal wires at the ends of each length. Fix the exposed parts of two wires to the cell and the other two of the bulb as shown in Fig. (A) and Fig. (B).

You can stick the wires to the bulb with the tape used by electricians. Use rubber bands or tape to fix the wires to the cell.

Now, connect the wires fixed to the bulb with those attached to the cell in six different ways as have been shown in Fig. C [(a) to (f)]. For each arrangement, find out whether the bulb glows or not. Write “Yes’ or ‘No’ for each arrangement in your notebook.

Now, carefully look at the arrangements in which the bulb glows. Compare these with those in which the bulb does not glow.

Can you find the reason for the difference?

Figure	Bulb lights up/Bulb does not light up	Reasons
(a)	Bulb lights up	Wires from the cell are connected with two terminals of the bulb
(b)	Bulb does not light up	One of the wires is connected with terminal, while other wire is left free
(c)	Bulb does not light up	Two different wires are not connected properly
(d)	Bulb does not light up	One wire is not connected with one terminal, bulb connected to one terminal of the cell
(e)	Bulb does not light up	Wire is not connected with one terminal, bulb connected to one terminal of the cell
(f)	Bulb lights up	Both the wires from the cell are connected with two terminals of the bulb (by changing the position of wire)

An Electric Circuit

Question 1.
What is electric circuit?
Answer:
Path from one terminal of the electric cell to the other terminal of the electric cell through wires passing to and from the electric bulb is called electric circuit.

Question 2.
What is the direction of the current in the electric circuit?
Answer:
In an electric circuit, the direction of current is taken to be from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the electric cell.

Question 3.
Sometimes an electric bulb does not glow even if it is connected to the cell. What could be the reason?
Answer:
This may happen if the bulb has fused.

Question 4.
What is a filament?
Answer:
A filament is a thin wire fixed in the middle of a bulb connected to the two supporting wires.

Question 5.
Why does a fused bulb not light up?
Answer:
A fused bulb means a break in its filament which results in a break in the path of the current between the terminals of the electric cell. Thus a fused bulb does not light up as no current passes through its filament.

Electric Switch

Question 1.
What is the purpose of using an electric switch? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them.
Answer:
A switch is a simple device that either breaks the circuit or completes it. Hence we use electric switches in order to either

stop an electrical gadget in function when required, or
start an electrical gadget when needed.

Some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them are—electric iron, table fan, television set, radio, etc.

Question 2.
How are cells arranged in a torch—in parallel or in series?
Answer:
In torch, cells are connected in series.

Question 3.
If in a circuit you have arranged cells in series. Will the bulb continue to shine even if the connection of one of the cells is reversed?
Answer:
If cells are connected in a series in a circuit, change of ends of any one of the cells will stop the flow of electricity and the bulb might not illuminate as circuit will not be completed.

Question 4.
Give the symbol of following:

Cell
Battery
Lamp
Switch (OFF)
Switch (ON)

Answer:
1. cell

2. Battery

3. Lamp

4. Switch (OFF)

5. Switch (ON)

Electric Conductors and Insulators

Question 1.
What is a conductor? Give examples.
Answer:
A conductor is a material that allows an electric current to pass through it. For example, copper, aluminium, zinc, iron, etc.

Question 2.
What is an insulator? Give few examples.
Answer:
Insulator is the material that does not allow an electric current to pass through it. For example, wood, mica, asbestos, rubber, etc.

Question 3.
Why does one remove the plastic coating of connecting wires before making circuits?
Answer:
Plastics is a bad conductor or insulator of electricity. It prevents us from electric shocks. To complete the circuit, we have to remove the plastic coating to connect wires so that the current may flow through the circuit.

Question 4.
Why do you have to clean the ends of wires used for making a circuit with sand paper to make the bulbs shine?
Answer:
A layer of bad conductor polish is coated on the wire. The current will flow properly after removing this coat. Therefore, we have to remove the coating with sand paper.

Question 5.
Is air a good or a bad conductor of electricity?
Answer:
Air is a bad conductor of electricity. If air were the good conductor of electricity, electricity could reach to the bulb without wiring and the bulb could light without wires. Moreover, the electricity running through wire could scatter all around the wire and then it might be dangerous.

Question 6.
What would happen if air were a good conductor of electricity?
Answer:
If air were a good conductor of electricity, the electricity could scatter all around in atmosphere nearby the power stations. The men at work could die with electric shocks. The electricity could not be transmitted to homes, factories from power stations.

Question 7.
Out of aluminium foil, paper, dry cloth and rubber sheet, which is the good conductor? Tell by using a torch.
Answer:
Aluminium is a good conductor of heat and electricity. For this explanation, take a torch with cells. Switch on to see that it lights up. Now in the place between bulb and the cell put all things like, aluminium foil, dry cloth and rubber sheet one by one and check whether the torch lights up. It lights up with aluminium foil only. So, we can say that aluminium is a good conductor.

Question 8.
Give some uses of conductors and insulators.
Answer:
Conductors and insulators are equally important for us. Switches, electrical plugs and sockets are made of conductors. On the other hand, rubber and plastic are used for covering the electrical wires, plug tops, switches and other parts of electrical appliances, which people might touch.

Question 9.
What is “conduction tester”?
Answer:
It is a simple device to test whether a given object is a conductor or an insulator its set up is shown in the Fig. 12.7.
To test whether a given object is a conductor or an insulator, we connect the two ends of that object to A and B. If after connecting the object between AB, the bulb lights up, the object is a conductor and if bulb does not light up, the object is an insulator.

Question 10.
Why is the handle of electrician’s screw driver made of plastic?
Answer:
A screw driver is made of steel. It is a good conductor of electricity. So electricity can easily flow through it. Plastic is a bad conductor and does not allow electricity to pass through it. So, the electrician has a plastic handle to protect him from any shock.

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CHAPTER -11 Light Shadows and Reflection | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Light travels in
(a) straight line
(b) curved line
(c) zig-zag line
(d) randomly

Answer

Answer: (a) straight line
Explanation:
Light travels in straight line.

Question 2.
When an opaque object comes in the path of light it forms
(a) an image with colours
(b) shadow
(c) black and white image
(d) depends on the colour of the light

Answer

Answer: (b) shadow
Explanation:
A shadow is formed when an opaque object comes in the way of light.

Question 3.
Which types of objects do not allow light to pass through them?
(a) Translucent
(b) Opaque
(c) Transparent
(d) Penumbra

Answer

Answer: (b) Opaque
Explanation:
Opaque objects do not allow the light to pass through them while translucent objects allow only a part of light to pass through them.

Question 4.
Which is an example of a translucent object?
(a) A thin sheet of paper
(b) A thin glass slab
(c) A thin iron sheet
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) A thin sheet of paper
Explanation:
A thin sheet of paper is transparent.

Question 5.
Bouncing back of light from shining surfaces is called
(a) Reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Bending
(d) Dispersion

Answer

Answer: (a) Reflection
Explanation:
When a ray of light falls on a smooth and polished surface, whole of light is returned back in the same medium. It is called reflection of light.

Question 6.
What is lateral inversion?
(a) Image becomes inverted
(b) Image bends laterally
(c) Right of the object appears left of the image
(d) All of these happen

Answer

Answer: (c) Right of the object appears left of the image
Explanation:
Right side of the object appears as left side in the image formed by a plane mirror.

Question 7.
Which letters of English alphabet will not show lateral inversion?
(a) I, O, U
(b) N, Z, X
(c) I, X, E
(d) A, E, I

Answer

Answer: (a) I, O, U
Explanation:
I, O, U will not show lateral inversion.

Question 8.
Which is a device to image the sun?
(a) Plane mirror
(b) Pinhole camera
(c) A straight pipe
(d) Glass slab

Answer

Answer: (b) Pinhole camera
Explanation:
Sun can be imaged by using a pinhole camera.

Question 9.
Which of the following is a cold source of light?
(a) Firefly (Jugnu)
(b) Tube light
(c) The sun
(d) Electric bulb

Answer

Answer: (a) Firefly (Jugnu)
Explanation:
Firefly (Jugnu) emits short bursts of light.

Question 10.
Out of these, which one is not a man-made luminous body?
(a) Electric bulb
(b) Burning candle
(c) Firefly (Jugnu)
(d) Oil lamp

Answer

Answer: (c) Firefly (Jugnu)
Explanation:
Firefly (Jugnu) is a natural luminous body.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Transparent	(i) Region of absence of light
(b) Opaque	(ii) Scattering back of the light by shining surface
(c) Translucent	(iii) Object through which one can see clearly
(d) Luminous body	(iv) Object through which one cannot see at all
(e) Shadow	(v) Formed due to reflection by mirrors
(f) Image	(vi) Object through which we cannot see clearly
(g) Reflection	(vi) Phenomenon of changing left to right
(h) Lateral inversion	(vii) Produces light of its own

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Transparent	(iii) Object through which one can see clearly
(b) Opaque	(iv) Object through which one cannot see at all
(c) Translucent	(vi) Object through which we cannot see clearly
(d) Luminous body	(viii) Produces light of its own
(e) Shadow	(i) Region of absence of light
(f) Image	(v) Formed due to reflection by mirrors
(g) Reflection	(ii) Scattering back of the light by shining surface
(h) Lateral inversion	(vii) Phenomenon of changing left to right

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. An object or material could be opaque, transparent, translucent or ……………….. .

Answer

Answer: luminous

2. This is a …………… on which the shadow is formed.

Answer

Answer: screen

3. A …………….. is a dark outline of an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source.

Answer

Answer: shadow

4. Image formed by a pinhole camera is ……………….. .

Answer

Answer: upside down

5. Image formed by a plane mirror is …………….. .

Answer

Answer: erect

6. In a plane mirror, our left hand looks like right hand. This phenomenon is called ……………………… .

Answer

Answer: lateral inversion

Important Questions

Question 1.
Define luminous body.
Answer:
The objects which emit light of their own are called luminous bodies, e.g., the sun, the stars, etc.

Question 2.
What are luminous and non-luminous objects?
Answer:
Luminous objects: Objects that give out or emit light of their own, e.g., sun, torch, light, bulbs, etc.
Non-luminous objects: Objects that do not give out light of their own, e.g., the moon, chair, shoe, pen, etc.

Question 3.
Define opaque objects with example.
Answer:
Those materials which do not allow light to pass through them, are called opaque objects. Examples wood, stone, etc.

Question 4.
What are translucent objects?
Answer:
Those objects which allow only a small part of the light rays to pass through them are called translucent objects. These are the objects through which one cannot see properly.

Question 5.
What are transparent objects?
Answer:
Those objects which allow light rays to pass through them completely are called transparent objects. One can see clearly through these objects.

Question 6.
Classify the following into transparent, opaque and translucent objects:
Wax, spectacles, a heap of salt, a stone, dense smoke, wood, skin, balloon, rubber, membrane of a tabla, blood and milk.
Answer:
Transparent objects are Spectacles.
Opaque objects are A stone, wood, a heap of salt, dense smoke, and membrane of tabla.
Translucent objects are Blood, milk, wax, skin, balloon, rubber.

Question 7.
Close your eyes while looking towards bright sunshine. Now, cover the eyes with your palm still keeping them closed. Do you notice any difference? On the basis of this experience, state whether your eyelids are transparent, translucent or opaque.
Answer:
On the basis of the experience, we observe our eyelids are opaque.

Question 8.
Sometimes, you are able to see the Sun or the Moon behind the clouds. What can you say about the ability of such clouds to transmit light? ‘
Answer:
We may say that clouds behave as translucent object.

Question 9.
How will you convert a transparent glass sheet into a translucent sheet? Suggest any two ways to do it.
Answer:

By smearing a thin layer of oil we may convert a transparent glass sheet into a translucent sheet.
By covering one side of the glass sheet by butter paper.

Question 10.
Name sources of light that are not hot.
Answer:
Tube light, jugnu.

Question 11.
List four natural sources of light.
Answer:

Sun
Stars
Fire
Jugnu (Firefly).

Question 12.
Write down four man-made sources of light.
Answer:

Candle
Oil lamp
Electric bulb
Torch.

Question 13.
Does the fire emit light?
Answer:
Yes, fire emits light.

Question 14.
On what factor does the proportion of light that enters an object depend?
Answer:
Optical nature of the object.

What Exactly Are Shadows?

Question 1.
What is an obstacle?
Answer:
An object which comes to the path of light is called an obstacle.

Question 2.
Give examples of two substances through which light does not pass?
Answer:
Wood and bricks are the substances through which light does not pass.

Question 3.
Whether a shadow is two-dimensional or three-dimensional?
Answer:
Shadow is not just the two-dimensional outline that you see on the ground. All the space behind the opaque object up to some distance behind it seems to be filled with the shadow
Light Shadows and Reflection Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 11-1

Question 4.
What do we need in order to see a shadow?
Answer:
We need

a source of light,
an opaque object in the way of light, and
a screen;

Question 5.
Does the direction of shadow change during the day? Does the length of shadow also change from season to season?
Answer:
Yes, the direction of shadow changes as the sun changes its position during the day. The length of the shadow also changes from season to season.

Question 6.
What is a shadow? How is it formed? How does the colour of an opaque object affect the colour of the shadow?
Answer:
A shadow is a dark outline or image cast by an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source of light. It is formed when light hits the opaque object which does not let the light pass through. Everywhere else around the opaque object, the light continues in a straight path until it bounces off the ground or wall behind the object. The wall or ground behind the opaque object is the screen. On this screen is a dark patch, or shadow, with the same outline as the object surrounded by light. The colour of the opaque object does not affect the colour of the shadow that is formed.

Question 7.
What is the difference between image and shadow?
Answer:

Image	Shadow
1. Image is formed due to reflection or refraction of light	1. Shadow is formed when light falls on the opaque body.
2. Image is seen when light coming from the object after reflection or refraction enters the observes’s eye.	2. No light enters the eye from the shadow of the object.
3. Image gives more information such as colour, structure, etc., about the object	3. Shadow does not provide any detail about the object, it gives an idea about the shape of the object.

Question 8.
Define screen.
Answer:
Screen is a surface on which images are formed.

Question 9.
What is umbra and penumbra?
Answer:
Umbra is the dark region behind object facing light which does not receive light at all.
Penumbra is the less dark part of shadow. It is the outer part of shadow.

Activity 4
Place a chair in the school ground on a sunny day. What do you observe from the shadow of the chair?
Does the shadow give an accurate picture of the shape of the chair? If the chair is turned around a little, how does the shape of the shadow change?
No, accurate shape of chair is not shown by the shadow. When turned around a little, the shape of the shadow will change because now different portions of the chair will obstruct light and make shadow.

Take a thin notebook and look at its shadow. Then, take a rectangular box and look at its shadow. Do the two shadows seem to have a similar shape?
Yes, the two shadows seem to have a similar shape.

Take flowers or other objects of different colours and look at their shadows. A red rose and a yellow rose, for instance. Do the shadows look different in colour, when the colours of the objects are different?
No, the shadows of the different coloured objects are not different.

Take a long box and look at its shadow on the ground. When you move the box around, you may see that the size of the shadow changes. When is the shadow of the box the shortest, when the long side of the box is pointed towards the Sun or when the short side is pointing towards the Sun?
Shadow of the box is the shortest when the short side is pinting towards the Sun.

A Pinhole Camera

Question 1.
Define pinhole camera.
Answer:
It is a device which forms a photograph like image of a bright object on a screen.

Question 2.
Can you think of a situation where we can see the path of the light?
Answer:
In a dark room, we can see with torch light which goes straight. Similarly, dust particles become visible when light enters the room through fine hole.
All these examples indicate that light travels in straight line.

Question 3.
Why is the image formed in a pinhole camera inverted?
Answer:
In a pinhole camera, image formed is inverted because the object is between radius of curvature and focus.

Question 4.
What is the path of light?
Answer:
Straight line.

Mirrors and Reflections

Question 1.
What is reflection?
Answer:
When a ray of light falls on a smooth and shiny surface, the whole of light is sent back in the same medium. It is called reflection. Mirrors do not allow even a small amount of light to pass through them. Mirrors show regular and complete reflection.

Question 2.
Define ‘Mirror’.
Answer:
A smooth shining surface, which rebounds the light back in same or in different direction is called a mirror.

Question 3.
Why is silvered glass used as a mirror?
Answer:
The silvered glass has a smooth surface and the smoothness helps in forming clear image. Silvering makes it shiny and the shiny surface helps in reducing the absorption.

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CHAPTER -10 Motion and Measurement of Distances | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Which is a standard unit of measurement?
(a) Angul (finger)
(b) Mutthi (fist)
(c) Step
(d) Inch

Answer

Answer: (d) Inch
Explanation:
All other units vary from person to person

Question 2.
What is the SI unit of length?
(a) Metre
(b) Centimetre
(c) Kilometre
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Metre
Explanation:
All other are multiples of metre.

Question 3.
4 kilometres are equal to
(a) 4,00,000 metre
(b) 40,000 metre
(c) 4,00p metre
(d) 400 metre

Answer

Answer: (c) 4,00p metre
Explanation:
1 km = 1000 m, 4 km = 4000 m

Question 4.
15 cm are equal to
(a) 150 mm
(b) 15 mm
(c) 1.5 mm
(d) 0.15 mm

Answer

Answer: (a) 150 mm
Explanation:
1 cm = 10 mm, 15 cm = 150 mm

Question 5.
Which is a correct relationship?
(a) 1 m = 100 cm
(b) 1 cm = 100 mm
(c) 1 km = 100 m
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (d) all of these
Explanation: 1 m = 100 cm.

Question 6.
In the following figure, the proper way of reading scale is

(a) C
(b) B
(c) A
(d) Any way can be choosen

Answer

Answer: (c) A
Explanation:
B and C are incorrect positions.

Question 7.
An example of rectilinear motion is
(a) apple falling from a tree
(b) motion of a car on road
(c) a spinning top
(d) both (a) and (b)

Answer

Answer: (d) both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
Apple falling from a tree and motion of a car on road are the examples of rectilinear motion.

Question 8.
Which is an example of a periodic motion?
(a) Oscillation of a pendulum
(b) Motion of a bus on road
(c) A spinning top
(d) A stone dropped from a certain height

Answer

Answer: (a) Oscillation of a pendulum
Explanation:
Oscillation of a pendulum is an example of periodic motion.

Question 9.
What kind of motion is executed by a pendulum of a wall clock?
(a) Oscillatory motion
(b) Vibratory motion
(c) Circular motion
(d) Linear motion

Answer

Answer: (a) Oscillatory motion
Explanation:
The to-and-fro motion of a body along the same path is called oscillatory motion.

Question 10.
One metre is equal to ………….. millimetre.
(a) 10
(b) 1000
(c) 100
(d) 10000

Answer

Answer: (b) 1000
Explanation:
1 metre = 1000 millimetre.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Metre	(i) Unit used to measure very small distances.
(b) Yard	(ii) Unit used to measure large distances.
(c) Hand span	(iii) SI unit of length.
(d) LeaSt count	(iv) Non-standard unit of length.
(e) Millimetre	(v) Standard unit of length.
(f) Kilometre	(vi) Apple falling from a tree.
(g) Rest	(vii) Motion of the tip of the blade of a fan.
(h) Motion	(viii) Motion of a pendulum.
(i) Circular motion	(ix)Motion of a top.
(j) Rectilinear motion	(x) State of moving objects.
(k) Rotational motion	(xi) State of stationary objects.
(l) Periodic motion	(xii) Minimum amount that can be measured by a device.

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Metre	(iii) SI unit of length.
(b) Yard	(v) Standard unit of length.
(c) Hand span	(iv) Non-standard unit of length.
(d) LeaSt count	(xii) Minimum amount that can be measured by a device.
(e) Millimetre	(i) Unit used to measure very small distances.
(f) Kilometre	(ii) Unit used to measure large distances.
(g) Rest	(xi) State of stationary objects.
(h) Motion	(x) State of moving objects.
(i) Circular motion	(vii) Motion of the tip of the blade of a fan.
(j) Rectilinear motion	(vi) Apple falling from a tree.
(k) Rotational motion	(ix)Motion of a top.
(l)Periodic motion	(viii) Motion of a pendulum.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Striker in the game of carroms moves in a …………. .

Answer

Answer: straight line

2. Powerful shot by a batsman makes the ball move in ………….. motion.

Answer

Answer: rectilinear

3. Moving ceiling fan is an example of …………… motion.

Answer

Answer: circular

4. Rotational motion is known as ………….. motion also.

Answer

Answer: periodic

5. …………….. motion is also a periodic motion.

Answer

Answer: Oscillatory

Important Questions

Question 1.
Name the invention which made a great change in modes of transport.
Answer:
Invention of wheel.

Question 2.
Which power was used to pull vehicles in ancient times?
Answer:
Animals were used to pull vehicles in ancient times.

Question 3.
Define rest and motion.
Answer:
An object that does not change its positions with time is said to be at rest.
An object that changes its positions with time is said to be in motion.

How far have you travelled? How wide is this desk?

Question 1.
Why is it important to know how far a place is?
Answer:
It is important to know how far a place is, so that we can have an idfea how we are going to reach that place – walk, take a bus or train, a ship, an aeroplane or even a spacecraft. ‘

Question 2.
What does your P.T. teacher use to measure the length of the playground?
Answer:
My P.T. teacher has plastic made tape scale to measure the length. Its total length is 100 metre. It can be rounded up in round box.

Question 3.
What is estimation?
Answer:
To guess the dimensions of an object without actual measuring is known as estimation. It is difficult to make near about correct estimate. It needs a lot of experience.

Question 4.
Explore and find out what kind of scale is used by cloth merchants, tailors, carpenters and mechanics to measure length.
Answer:
Cloth merchants use iron/steel metre scale.
Tailors use plastic metre scale tape.
Carpenters use plastic metre tape and iron metre scale both.

Question 5.
Differentiate between distance and displacement.
Answer:
Distance: The total length travelled from one point to another.
Displacement: It is the shortest distance travelled from one point to another.

Some measurements

Question 1.
What is measurement?
Answer:
Measurement is the technique developed for correct judgement of dimensions of various objects.

Question 2.
What do you understand by unit?
Answer:
A quantity adopted as a standard of measurement of a physical quantity is called unit.

Question 3.
Name the two parts which must be mentioned to state the results of a measurement.
Answer:
Magnitude and unit are the two parts which must be mentioned to state the results of a measurement.

Question 4.
What type of measuring device would you use to measure the girth of a tree?
Answer:
Measuring tape is suitable to measure the girth of a tree.

Standard units of measurements

Question 1.
What is the system used for measurements nowadays?
Answer:
S.I. system.

Question 2.
Name the unit of length, which should be used to express the thickness of a coin.
Answer:
Millimetre (mm).

Question 3.
Name the unit of length, which you would like to use while expressing the distance between Delhi and Lucknow.
Answer:
Kilometre (km).

Question 4.
Name the SI unit of length.
Answer:
Metre (m).

Question 5.
What is the convenient unit to measure the distance between two cities or villages?
Answer:
Kilometre (1 km = 1000 m).

Question 6.
Which unit should be used to express thickness of coin or wire?
Answer:
Very small length like thickness of coin or wire is expressed in millimetres (mm).
1 mm = 10^-3 m or 10³ mm = 1 m.

Question 7.
Why a cubit cannot be used as the standard unit of length?
Answer:
Length of hand and cubit are not same for all the people. So these cannot be used as the standard unit of length.

Question 8.
Define cubit and foot.
Answer:
Cubit is the length between the tip of the elbow and the middle finger.
The length of the foot of a person is called foot.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) 1 cm = …………… mm.
(ft) 1 dm = ………….. metre.
(c) 1 kilometre = …………… metre.
(d) 1 metre =……………….. centimetre.
Answer:
(a) 10
(b) 1/10
(c) 1000
(d) 100

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks with < or > sign.
(a) 1 decametre ………………1 decimetre.
(b) 1 millimetre ………………1 centimetre.
(c) 1 hectometre ………………1 kilometre.
(d) 1 decimetre ………………1 centimetre.
Answer:
(a) 1 decametre > 1 decimetre.
(b) 1 millimetre < 1 centimetre.
(c) 1 hectometre < 1 kilometre.
(d) 1 decimetre > 1 centimetre.

Correct measurement of length

Question 1.
List three uses of metre.
Answer:
Metre can be used as a unit to measure

the length of a room
the height of a tree or a building or
the length and breadth of a playground.

Question 2.
Can you measure the length of a pencil with metre-scale?
Answer:
No, length of pencil cannot be measured with metre scale. To measure the length of a pencil, a small scale, like six inches plastic scale should be used. This length should be expressed in centimetres.

Question 3.
A 30 cm scale has one end broken. The mark at the broken end is 2.6 cm. How would you use it to measure the length of your pencil?
Answer:
Put one end of the pencil at nearest full mark say 3.0 cm in this case. Take the reading of the other end. Now subtract 3 from the previous reading and this will be the required length of pencil.

Question 4.
State two precautions, which should be taken while using a metre scale to measure the length of an object.
Answer:
Two precautions are:

Place the scale in contact with the object along its length.
Most important, eye should be correctly positioned above the point to be measured to make a correct measurement.

Question 5.
Describe the method you would use to find the thickness of a sheet of paper of your science book.
Answer:
It is not easy to measure the thickness of a single sheet of paper by using metre scale. The method used to find the thickness of a single sheet is as follows:

Take 100 sheets of paper together. Find their combined thickness by using a centimetre scale. Divide the total thickness by the number of sheets. It is the thickness of a single sheet.
For example: If the thickness of 100 sheets = 1.5 cm.

Thickness of a single sheet

= 0.015 cm.

Question 6.
What precaution should be taken while buying something?
Answer:
While buying clothes, pipes, laces, it should be checked whether the scale is correct or not. A correct metre has signs (⟷) on both the ends in addition to the stamp of the weight and measure department. The metre scale may have been cut off. In such a case short measurement is resulted.

Question 7.
Can you measure the diameter of a ball with the help of metre scale?
Answer:
Yes, the diameter of a ball can be measured correctly with the help of metre scale. It is one of the ways in which diameters of spherical surface can be measured easily. In this method, the two wooden blocks A and B must be exactly parallel to each other (Fig. 10.11).

Question 8.
How will you find the thickness of a thin wire?
Answer:
Take a round pencil and wrap the given wire round the pencil making 25 turns forming a coil. Measure the length of the so formed coil. Divide the total length of the coil by number of turns. This is the thickness of the wire.

Question 9.
How would you measure the thickness of a coin?
Answer:
Take ten coins and put them one over another. Find the total thickness of ten coins with the help of a scale. Divide the total thickness by the number of coins (Fig. 10.13).

=0.24 cm

Measuring the length of a curved one

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CHAPTER -9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Class 6th Science

MCQs

uestion 1.
Which is an example of a shrub?
(a) Spinach
(b) Mango tree
(c) Tomato plant
(d) Lemon

Answer

Answer: (d) Lemon
Explanation:
Spinach and tomato are herbs while mango is a tree. So lemon is a shrub.

Question 2.
Which of the following type of plants has thick, hard and woody stem?
(a) Tree
(b) Shrub
(c) Herb
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Tree
Explanation:
Herb has a soft stem while shrubs have thin stem.

Question 3.
Which is not a part of a leaf?
(a) Petiole
(b) Lamina
(c) Veins
(d) Nodes

Answer

Answer: (d) Nodes
Explanation:
Nodes are found on stem.

Question 4.
parallel venation is not found in
(a) sugarcane
(b) peepal
(c) maize
(d) wheat

Answer

Answer: (b) peepal
Explanation:
In peepal, reticulate venation

Question 5.
Which one of the following is a function of leaves?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Support fruits

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
Leaves perform both functions.

Question 6.
Leaf venation and type of root is correctly paired in
(a) parallel venation, fibrous roots
(b) parallel venation, taproot
(c) no relation exists in leaf venation and type of roots
(d) reticulate venation, fibrous roots

Answer

Answer: (a) parallel venation, fibrous roots
Explanation:
Plants with parallel leaf venation have fibrous roots while plants with reticulate leaf venation have taproots.

Question 7.
Male reproductive part of flower is
(a) sepals
(b) petals
(c) stamens
(d) pistil

Answer

Answer: (c) stamens
Explanation:
Stamen is male reproductive part.

Question 8.
Which is a correct set of parts of a pistil?
(a) Ovary, style and filament
(b) Ovary style and stigma
(c) Ovary, anther and filament
(d) Filament and anther

Answer

Answer: (b) Ovary style and stigma

Question 9.
Which of the following has fibrous root?
(a) Peas
(b) Wheat
(c) Radish
(d) Neem

Answer

Answer: (b) Wheat
Explanation:
Wheat roots spread out in the soil.

Question 10.
The process of loss of water by a plant through leaves is called
(a) evaporation
(b) condensation
(c) photosynthesis
(d) transpiration

Answer

Answer: (d) transpiration
Explanation:
The process of losing water by leaves is called transpiration.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Creeper	(i) Absorption of mineral and water.
(b) Herb	(ii) Manufacture food.
(c) Shrub	(iii) Transport food, water and mineral.
(d) Tree	(iv) Reproduction.
(e) Root	(v) Need support to stand up.
(f) Stem	(vi) Hard and thick stem.
(g) Leaf	(vii) Green and tender stem.
(h) Flower	(viii) Hard but thin stem.

Answer

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Water Havels up the stem through …………. inside the stem.

Answer

Answer: narrow tubes

2. Thick vein in the centre of leaf is called ………….. .

Answer

Answer: midrib

3. Design made by ……………. in a leaf is called venation.

Answer

Answer: veins

4. Leaves Bicchu (Meltles) give you …………. on touching.

Answer

Answer: rashes and itching

5. Leaves have ……………. shapes, sizes, edges, tips, etc.

Answer

Answer: different

6. Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapour by a process called ………………. .

Answer

Answer: transpiration

Important Questions

Question 1.
Visit a pond and make a list of animals found inside the water.
Answer:
The animals like frogs, fish, molluscs and certain insects are found inside the water. Protozoans like amoeba and turtles, water spiders, water skaters, dragon flies, king fishers, ducks and many other types of animals are inhabiting the ponds.

Question 2.
Name some plants which live in dry areas.
Answer:
Plants like cactus, munj, kaner, accacia (keekar), seesam, etc., live in dry areas.

Question 3.
Mention a few aquatic plants found in a pond.
Answer:
Water hyacinth, hydrilla, spirogyra, water lily, lotus, lemna, etc.

Question 4.
Name the places of living of following plants:

Cactus
Hydrilla

Answer:

Cactus: Desert
Hydrilla: Pond.

Habitat and adaptation

Question 1.
What is adaptation?
Answer:
The change in specific features or certain habits, which enables a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings is called adaptation.

Question 2.
What is habitat?
Answer:
The surrounding where organisms survive, flourish and reproduce is called a habitat.

Question 3.
What are aquatic habitats?
Answer:
Habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat. ‘

Question 4.
What are terrestrial habitats? Give examples.
Answer:
The plants and animals that live on land are said to five in terrestrial habitats. ‘
For example, forests, grasslands, deserts, coastal and mountain region.

Question 5.
What are biotic components?
Answer:
The living things such as plants and animals in a habitat are its biotic components.

Question 6.
Explain abiotic components.
Answer:
Various non-living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in a habitat constitute its abiotic components.

Question 7.
Define ecology.
Answer:
The study of relationship between living organisms and their surroundings is called ecology.

Question 8.
Why does a fish have slippery scales on its body?
Answer:
A fish has slippery scales on its body. These scales protect the fish and also help in easy movement through water.

A journey through different habitats

Question 1.
Out of desert and aquatic plants, whose roots are almost absent?
Answer:
Aquatic plants.

Question 2.
Give three main adaptive features in desert plant.
Answer:

Well-developed root systems.
Leaves are either very small or converted to spines.
Stem is green and fleshy in some plants.

Question 3.
What adaptation of desert animals protect themselves from deficiency of water?
Answer:
Animals living in hot places such as desert, for example, snakes, desert rats and lizards are not able to get sufficient water. So these animals have thick skin, which prevents evaporation. Since they do not sweat, they can survive without water for longer period.

Question 4.
What is the ultimate source of energy for every ecosystem? Which biotic component can trap solar energy and how?
Answer:
Sun is the ultimate source of energy. Green plants are capable to trap solar energy by leaves in the process called photosynthesis, using water and C02 in the presence of sunlight.

Question 5.
Mountain is special terrestrial habitat where temperature is very low and most of the areas are covered with snow. What is flora and fauna of this habitat at higher altitudes?
Answer:
Flora: Grasses, mosses and lichens.
Fauna: Snow bear, fox, water fowl, musk deer, wolf.
Snow leopards, yak and mountain goats.

Question 6.
Why do camels have long legs?
Answer:
Long legs of camels help them to lift their body above the ground. Thus, they are able to avoid direct contact with the hot ground.

Question 7.
What are nocturnal animals? Give two examples of nocturnal animals.
Answer:
Some animals are active during night time. These are called nocturnal animals. e.g., bats, cockroaches and owls.

Question 8.
If strong winds blow only in one direction, what will be the effect on trees?
Answer:
Trees will bend in direction of wind and attain typical shape.

Question 9.
Why head and snout of snake is tapering?
Answer:
It is adapted to burrowing and digging habit.

Question 10.
Which plants have leaves without pores?
Answer:
Underwater plants.

Question 11.
Plants in hilly areas have to bear high speed winds and cold. Which adaptation best helps them to face such conditions?
Answer:
Tall, thin and straight trunk with needle-shaped leaves.

Question 12.
Give one example of

free floating plant
plants without root.

Answer:

Lotus
Ceratophyllum.

Question 13.
Name the respiratory organ in

terrestrial animals
aquatic animals (fish)

Answer:

Lungs
Gills.

Question 14.
How do the skins of animals living in cold places protect them from cold conditions?
Answer:
The skin of animals like walrus, seals and penguins are thick and protect them from cold. Another way of protection from cold is by having thick fur.

Question 15.
How is a fish adapted to live in water?
Answer:
Fish has the following adaptations to live in water:

In all the fish, the head and tail portions are smaller than the middle portion, that is, the body tapers at both the ends. This shape of the body provides least resistance to the fish when they swim in water.
Skin of fish is covered with scales. These scales are slippery, the slippery scales help the fish in swimming.
We have lungs, which is an organ for respiration. Similarly, fish has gills for respiration. It utilises oxygen dissolved in water and releases carbon dioxide into the water.

Question 16.
What is the adaptation mechanism of chameleon?
Answer:
It changes its colours to suit with its surroundings.

Question 17.
What do you mean by camouflage?
Answer:
Camouflage is the ability of an organism to blend in with its surroundings.

Question 18.
What is known as ‘Lungs of the world’?
Answer: Amazon Rainforest is known as ‘Lungs of the world’.

Question 19.
What are blowholes?
Answer:
The organs by which dolphin or whales breathe are called blowholes or nostrils.

Question 20.
Differentiate between diurnal and nocturnal animals.
Answer:
Diurnal animals: Animals which are active during the day time.
Nocturnal animals: Some animals like earthworms and cockroaches are active at night.

Question 21.
Define predators and prey.
Answer:
Predators: The animals which kill other animals for their food are called predators. Prey: The animals which’ are killed by predators for their food are called prey.

Characteristics of the living beings

Question 1.
What is life?
Answer:
It is easy to say that this object is living and this is non-living, but it is difficult to say what is life. Life is the sum total of all the activities shown by a living object and the activities taking place inside its body.

Thus life is the process seen only in living objects in the form of growth, movement, feeding or eating, sensitivity, respiration, excretion and reproduction.

Question 2.
List the important characteristics of living things, which differentiate them from non-living things.
Answer:

living things	Non-living things
1. Living things need food, air and water.	1. Non-living things do not need food, air or water.
2. Living things grow.	2. Non-living things do not grow.
3. Living things can move on their own.	3. Non-living things cannot move on their own.
4. Living things Eire sensitive. They respond to changes around them.	4. Non-living things are not sensitive. They do not respond to changes around them.
5. Living things reproduce themselves.	5. Non-living things do not reproduce.
6. Living things respire. They release energy from food.	6. Non-living things do not respire.
7. Living things excrete. They get rid of waste materials from their body.	7. Non-living things do not excrete.
8. Living things have a definite life span.	8. Non-living things exist for ever.
9. Living things Eire made up of living cells.	9. Non-living things are made up of molecules.

Question 3.
What are the main characteristics of living objects?
Answer:

Living objects need water, air and food for their survival.
They show feeding, movement, respiration, excretion, growth, sensitiveness and reproduction.
They have a definite life span.
All living things are made up of cells.

Question 4.
Indicate which of the following are living and which are non-living: buffalo, grass, grasshopper, table, aeroplane, pencil, bicycle, crow, banyan tree.
Answer:
Living things:

Buffalo
Grass
Grasshopper
Crow
Banyan

Non-living things:

Table
Aeroplane
Pencil
Bicycle
tree

Question 5.
Name any four single-celled living organisms.
Answer:

Amoeba
Paramecium
Bacteria and
Yeast.

Question 6.
What is reproduction?
Answer:
It is a process by which living organism gives birth to the next generation of its own kind. ‘

Question 7.
What are the different types of reproduction?
Answer:

Asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction.

Question 8.
What do you mean by vegetative propagation in plants?
Answer:
It is a process of growing plants from any vegetative part of plant like leaf, stem, root, etc.

Question 9.
What do you understand by life cycle and life span of a living thing?
Answer:
Life cycle: Life cycle is the series of changes in the life of an organism including reproduction. All the living things have a life cycle. The single cell or unicellular organisms, change into multicellular organism. The multicellular organisms also start their life from a single cell.

Life span: All the living things start their lives from birth. These living things grow into adults, remain alive for a certain period of time and finally die. The time period for which living things remain alive is called its life span. All the living things have a definite life span (Fig. 9.5).
The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 9 - 1
Question 10.
Name the organs which are used by following animals for walking:
Birds, Fish, Horse
Answer:

Names of the animal	Organ used for locomotion
1. Birds	Wings
2. Fish	Fins
3. Horse	Limbs

Question 11.
Name the type of locomotion in following animals:
fish, earthworm, cow, birds, frog
Answer:

Names of the animal	Type of locomotion
1. Fish	Swimming
2. Earthworm	Crawling
3. Cow	Walking
4. Birds	Flying
5. Frog	Jumping

Question 12.
Why bacteria and viruses are considered as ‘Immortal’?
Answer:
Bacteria and viruses neither grow old nor die. Their growth remains continued for ever. They may survive a million years or even more if frozen or buried under salt. If they are buried in non-living environment, they stop growing but do not die. Whenever they get favourable conditions, they start growing again. Hence they are considered as ‘immortal’.

Question 13.
What is stimulus?
Answer:
The change in environment that makes an organism to react or produce a change in its activities is called stimulus.

Question 14.
What is the role of decomposers?
Answer:
Decomposers maintain the balance of nutrients in the soil by decomposing dead plants and animals present in the soil. Hence, it is clear that the biotic and abiotic components of nature are interdependent.

Question 15.
Write the differences between respiration and breathing.
Answer:
Respiration: It is the process through which living things utilise oxygen to release the energy stored in food they eat.
Breathing: During breathing, when we inhale, air rich in oxygen moves from outside of our body to inside. When we breathe out, the air rich in carbon dioxide moves from inside of our body to outside.

Question 16.
Differentiate between locomotion and movement.
Answer:
Locomotion: It is the movement of an organism, bodily from one place to another. It involves the whole body as in walking, running, etc.
Movement: It is the change in the position of any part of the body with respect to its axis, e.g., shaking of head.

Question 17.
What do you mean by acclimatisation?
Answer:
Acclimatisation refers to the small changes in an organism over a short period to adjust to a new surrounding.

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CHAPTER -8 Body Movements Plants | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 8 Body Movements Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Skeleton of human body is made up of
(a) bones
(b) cartilage
(c) both bones and cartilage
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) both bones and cartilage
Explanation:
Bones and cartilage form the skeleton of human body.

Question 2.
Human skeleton comprises
(a) skull and backbone
(b) ribs and breast bone
(c) shoulder and hip bones

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
All are the part of human skeleton.

Question 3.
Fixed joints are found in
(a) lower jaw
(b) skull
(c) hands
(d) hip bone

Answer

Answer: (b) skull
Explanation:
Joints in skull are immovable.

Question 4.
Knee joints are
(a) hinge joints
(b) ball and socket joints
(c) pivotal joints
(d) fixed joints

Answer

Answer: (a) hinge joints
Explanation:
Knee joints are very similar to the hinges of a door.

Question 5.
Fish swims by
(a) forming loops alternately on two sides of the body
(b) forming loops on single side
(c) somersalting
(d) alternate dipping and coming up

Answer

Answer: (a) forming loops alternately on two sides of the body
Explanation:
During swimming, the front part and the tail part of the body curve in opposite directions. This makes a jerk and pushes the body forward. So fish forms loops alternately on two sides of the body.

Question 6.
Which one of the following is the characteristics of birds?
(a) Strong muscles
(b) Light bones
(c) Hollow bones
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
These are the adaptations of birds for flying.

Question 7.
In cockroaches, the body parts helping in movement are
(a) three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings
(b) two pairs of legs and two pairs of wings
(c) two pairs of legs and three pairs of wings
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (a) three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings
Explanation:
Three pairs of legs are the characteristics of insects.

Question 8.
Muscular foot is a locomotary organ in
(a) snakes
(b) earthworm
(c) housefly
(d) snails

Answer

Answer: (a) snakes
Explanation:
With the help of muscles, ribs, and scales, snake moves from place to place.

Question 9.
The organ that protects the main nerve cord is
(a) skull
(b) backbone
(c) breast bone
(d) chest bone

Answer

Answer: (a) skull
Explanation:
Skull has 22 bones in cranium and 14 on the face. These protect the brain and sensory organs.

Question 10.
The number of cervical vertebrae in man is
(a) ten
(b) five
(c) seven
(d) eight

Answer

Answer: (c) seven
Explanation:
Seven cervical vertebrae are found in neck region.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Snails	(i) Breast is connected with 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.
(b) Earthworm	(ii) Crawl on the ground by alternately looping sideways.
(c) Insects	(iii) Swims with the help of muscles.
(d) Pish	(iv) Joins bones to muscles.
(e) Snakes	(v) Swim by forming loops alternately on two sides of body.
(f) Birds	(vi) Joins bone to bone.
(g) Leech	(vii) A place where two bones meet together.
(h) Ligament	(viii) Move by the muscular foot.
(i) Tendon	(ix) Produces RBCs.
(j) Joint	(x) Fly by flapping its wings.
(k) Bone marrow	(xi) Move by alternate extension and contraction of the body.

Answer

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. The body parts which are specialized to do important body activities eye called ……………. .

Answer

Answer: organs

2. The organs are made of many kinds of ……………… .

Answer

Answer: cells and tissues

3. A group of similar …………….. with same kind of function is called a tissue.

Answer

Answer: cells

4. An organ though composed of different kinds of tissues, works as a …………….. .

Answer

Answer: unit

5. Organs which can be seen from ……………. are called external organs.

Answer

Answer: Out side

6. Organs inside our body are called ………………….. organs.

Answer

Answer: internal

Important Questions

Question 1.
How many types of joints are there in our body? Name them.
Answer:
There are five types of joints in our body:

Ball and socket joints
Hinge joints
Gliding joints
Pivotal joints
Fixed joints.

Question 2.
Name the three components of skeleton.
Answer:
Skeleton is made up of different bones, joints and cartilage.

Question 3.
Name various parts of skeletal system.
Answer:
The skeletal system can be divided into following main parts:

Skull
Back bone
Limb bones
Chest bones
Shoulder bones
Hip bones.

Question 4.
What is the function of skeleton?
Answer:
The function of skeleton is:

It forms the framework of body,
It gives shape and structure to the body.
It protects the internal organs.
It helps in the movement and keeping body erect.
Ribs of chest help in breathing.

Question 5.
At which point does the arm rotate?
Answer:
The arm rotates on the round pit like structure.

Question 6.
Which is the longest bone in your body? Measure it with your scale.
Answer:
Femur is the longest bone in our body. It is a thigh bone.

Question 7.
Name the bones which protect the heart from all sides.
Answer:
Breastbone from front and the backbone at the back make a type of box to protect the heart.

Question 8.
Does the shoulder bone also move when you move your arm?
Answer:
The shoulder bone does not move when we move our arm. Only arm moves, the shoulder bone remains fixed.

Question 9.
Keeping your arm straight, move it forwards and backwards, up and down. Can the arm move freely in all directions?
Answer:
Yes, the arm can move forward, backward down and up.

Question 10.
Do the bones of the upper jaw move?
Answer:
The bones of the upper jaw are joined with fixed joints. So they do not move.

Question 11.
Which important organ is fully protected inside the bones of the skull (head)?
Answer:
The bones of the skull form the structure similar to a box. The bones are joined with strong joints. It is not easy to break them. The bones of the skull protect the most important organ, i.e., the brain.

Question 12.
Do the bones on top of the skull move?
Answer:
The bones on top of the skull form the structure similar to the structure of teeth. They are joined strongly with one another. So these bones are also fixed. These bones do not move.

Question 13.
Try to eat your food without moving the lower jaw. Do you find this difficult to do?
Answer:
Without moving the lower jaw, we cannot chew the food. Without chewing, we cannot engulf the food into food pipe. It would be difficult to digest unchewed food.

Question 14.
Draw a labelled diagram of a ball and socket joint.
Answer:
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 14

Question 15.
Identify and label the different bones in the skeleton shown in the figure.
Answer:
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 15

Question 16.
What is exoskeleton? Explain giving examples.
Answer:
The bodies of crabs, insects and spiders are covered and protected by hard coverings. These hard parts outside are called exoskeleton (ekso-skel-e-ton). Nails and hair are also exoskeleton found in our body. Similarly the scales of cockroach, fish, outer shell of snails and oyster are also exoskeleton of these animals.

Question 17.
How can we get photograph of a bone? What is the use of such photographs?
Answer:
We can get photograph of a bone by a machine called X-ray machine. Doctors use these photographs to examine the dislocations and fractures in the bone.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 17

Question 18.
Why are bones in the foot normally set in an arch? What is a flat-foot?
Answer:
The bones in the foot are normally set in an arch (Fig. 8.12). The feet arches give good support to the body. They also bend and spring back each time one steps out. The smaller toe bones also help in walking and running. In some cases, the foot is flat instead of being arched and are called flat-foot. Not all flat-feet cause trouble, but sometimes they give trouble or cause pain. Then it may need special care.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 18
Question 19.
Do all animals have bones?
Answer:
No, all animals do not have bones. Bones are present only in the backboned animals. Even among the backboned animals, the skeleton of sharks are made entirely of cartilage.
The jellyfish, leeches and worms have no hard structure to support their bodies.

Question 20.
What is dislocation and fracture of a bone? What precaution should one take when one gets a fracture?
Answer:
Dislocation and fracture: Any careless, sudden movement—a jump, fall or knock—may cause an injury to the skeleton. It may be a dislocation or a fracture. In case of dislocation the bones at the joint are dislodged from their normal position. The ligaments may be torn apart or injured causing pain and swelling.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 20
A fracture is a break in the bone. The break may be of a hair line crack or serious break in one or more points (Fig. 8.13). Fracture also causes pain and swelling. In all these cases, the patient should soon be taken to a doctor or a hospital.

Never try to reset the bones.
Place the injured part in a comfortable position.
Care should be taken to avoid jerk or movement of the injured part.

Question 21.
How a bone is formed? What kind of food should we take for proper growth and upkeep of bones?
Answer:
Before our birth, the skeleton forms as soft and elastic pieces of cartilage. Some of these cartilages, not all, are changed to bones. With the deposition of a substance containing calcium and phosphorus, the bones become hard and strong. When a baby is born its skeleton is soft. At old age, the bones become hard and brittle.

For proper growth and upkeep of bones, we need to take food which are rich in calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and proteins. Milk, curd, fruits, vegetables and eggs ^contain the needed nutrient.

Question 22.
What is a bone marrow? Give its main function.
Answer:
The long bones such as the thigh bone, upper arm bones have hollow spaces inside which contains bone marrow (Fig. 8.14). The bone marrow produces red blood cells. They also form some kinds of white blood cells.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 22
Question 23.
Discuss the mechanism of bone movement. What is the role of muscles in the movement of bones?
Answer:
Two muscles work for the movement of a bone. When one muscle contracts, it becomes shorter, stiffer and thicker. It pulls the bone in that direction. The other muscle of the pair relaxes. A muscle can only pull. It cannot push. Hence to move the bone in opposite direction, the relaxed muscle contracts to pull the bone towards its original position, while the first relaxes.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 23

Question 24.
Differentiate between bone and cartilage with examples.
Answer:
Bone: They are hard and rigid structure in our body that cannot be bent but give shape to our body, e.g. pelvic bone, shoulder bone, etc.

Cartilage: They are semi-hard structures that are elastic tissue and present in an animal body.
e.g., upper part of ear, etc.

Question 25.
What are floating ribs?
Answer:
The last two pairs of ribs that are not joined in front of the breast bone/sternum. So, they are called floating ribs.

Question 26.
Differentiate between ligament and tendon.
Answer:
Ligament joins bone to bone together, whereas the tendon joins muscles to bone.

Question 27.
Differentiate between exoskeleton and endoskeleton.
Answer:
Exoskeleton: The skeleton, if it covers the body from the outside, or is situated in the skin, is known as exoskeleton. For example, insects.

Endoskeleton: The skeleton, if it lies inside the body and is covered by soft parts like flesh, is known as endoskeleton. For example, animals.

Question 28.
What is cartilage? Give one example.
Answer:
These are some additional parts of the skeleton that are not as hard as the bones and which can be bent. For example, the upper part of our ear has cartilage.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 28

Question 29.
What is a bone joint? Describe various kinds of joints found in our body.
Joints: The place where two or more bones meet together is called a joint. There are five main types of joints in our body.
(i) Fixed joints: Some attachments of bones do not allow movement. They are fixed joints. Joint of the cranium is a fixed joint.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 29
(ii) Ball and socket joints: The rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow space of the other bone (Fig. 8.18). Such a kind of joint allows movements in all directions and is called ball and socket joint. For example, the joint between the upper arm and the shoulder; the thigh and the hip.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 29(i)
(fit) Pivotal joints: The skull is joined to the first two vertebrae of the backbone like a ball to a stick. This type of joints allows movements in many planes—up and down, to the side and all other planes.
iv) Hinge joints: These joints allow movement only in one plane like a door hinge and not more than 180 degree. For example, the fingers, the knee. The wrist is a double hinge joint (Fig. 8.19).
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 29(ii)
(v) Gliding joints: These joints allow only a limited amount of movement of sliding nature of cartilages (Fig. 8.20). For example, the joints in backbone.

Question 30.
Write short notes on the following.

skull
chest bones
Backbone
Hip bone
The shoulder bone
limb bone

Answer:
1. The skull: The skull has two main parts. They are the cranium (cra-ni-um) or the brain case and the facial bones. The bones of the cranium are flat. They are held firmly like a zipper. The cranium covers and protects the brain. The facial bones comprise of the upper and lower jaws and a few other bones. The lower jaw is movable. The movement of the lower jaw enables us to eat, talk, and sing. The skull also includes a pair of eye sockets. These form a safe pocket for the eyes.

2. The chest bones: The chest is a cone-shaped cage (Fig. 8.21). It encloses the heart and the lungs. At the back are the vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs curve surround the sides. Ribs are attached to the sides of each vertebrate. Ten of them are also attached by cartilage to the breast bone at the front. Two ribs are free. These are called floating ribs.
Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 30
The ribs are joined in such a way that they allow the necessary movement of the chest during breathing.

3. Backbone: Vertebral column or backbone is composed of 33 small, ring-like vertebrae joined end to end. Thus it forms a hollow bony tube. The main nerve cord passes through it. The backbone has five regions from top to bottom, they are the neck, chest, belly, hip and tail. Five vertebrae of the hip and four vertebrae of tail are fused to form 1 bone [turn 26 bones of vertebrae in an adult (Fig. 8.2)].

4. Hip bone: The hip bone is formed by the fusion of three bones (Fig. 8.5). The hip bones together with the last two parts of the backbone form a large bony bowl. It is called the pelvis (pel-vis). It is the lowest and strongest part on which we sit on. The thigh bones are attached to the hip bones.

5. Shoulder bones: The shoulder bone is formed by the collar bone and the shoulder blades (Fig. 8.4). It connects the upper part of the chest and the bones of the hand. The bones of the upper arm attach with the shoulder bones.

6. Limb bones: The hand comprises of the upper arm, fore arm, wrist, palm and fingers. The leg includes the thigh, lower leg, ankle, feet, and the toes. The bones in hand and leg are in same pattern and are called limb bones, upper arm and thigh has one long bone. The thigh bone is strongest and longest bone in the body. In the fore arm and lower leg, there are two long bones. Wrist and ankle are made up of several small bones. Palm and foot have five longer bones. Each finger and toe are made up of three small bones, except thumb, which has two bones.

Question 31.
How do incorrect sitting postures harm us? What are the correct sitting and standing postures?
Answer:
Incorrect sitting postures cause stresses and strains on the muscles and bones [Fig. 8.22(a)].It may turn fatigue and painful

In correct position, one should sit straight and relaxed. One should not bend in front or lean backwards [Fig. 8.22 (b)]. The fore arms should be at the same level. The feet should rest flat on the floor. The lower leg should be erect making a right angle at the knee.

Similarly, one should stand straight and erect and not droop in front for a long time [Fig. 8.22 (c)]. The habit should be checked from childhood when the bones are soft. Otherwise the curvature or bend of the backbone may become permanent with age as the bones gradually harden. Body Movements Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 8 Q 31

Question 32.
Name organs that are protected by rib cage.
Answer:
heart and lungs

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CHAPTER -7 Getting to Know Plants | CLASS 6TH | NCERT SCIENCE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQs | EDUGROWN

Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Class 6th Science

MCQs

Question 1.
Which is an example of a shrub?
(a) Spinach
(b) Mango tree
(c) Tomato plant
(d) Lemon

Answer

Answer: (d) Lemon
Explanation:
Spinach and tomato are herbs while mango is a tree. So lemon is a shrub.

Question 2.
Which of the following type of plants has thick, hard and woody stem?
(a) Tree
(b) Shrub
(c) Herb
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Tree
Explanation:
Herb has a soft stem while shrubs have thin stem.

Question 3.
Which is not a part of a leaf?
(a) Petiole
(b) Lamina
(c) Veins
(d) Nodes

Answer

Answer: (d) Nodes
Explanation:
Nodes are found on stem.

Question 4.
parallel venation is not found in
(a) sugarcane
(b) peepal
(c) maize
(d) wheat

Answer

Answer: (b) peepal
Explanation:
In peepal, reticulate venation.

Question 5.
Which one of the following is a function of leaves?
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Transpiration
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Support fruits

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
Leaves perform both functions.

Answer

Answer: (a) parallel venation, fibrous roots
Explanation:
Plants with parallel leaf venation have fibrous roots while plants with reticulate leaf venation have taproots.

Question 7.
Male reproductive part of flower is
(a) sepals
(b) petals
(c) stamens
(d) pistil

Answer

Answer: (c) stamens
Explanation:
Stamen is male reproductive part.

Question 8.
Which is a correct set of parts of a pistil?
(a) Ovary, style and filament
(b) Ovary style and stigma
(c) Ovary, anther and filament
(d) Filament and anther

Answer

Answer: (b) Ovary style and stigma

Question 9.
Which of the following has fibrous root?
(a) Peas
(b) Wheat
(c) Radish
(d) Neem

Answer

Answer: (b) Wheat
Explanation:
Wheat roots spread out in the soil.

Question 10.
The process of loss of water by a plant through leaves is called
(a) evaporation
(b) condensation
(c) photosynthesis
(d) transpiration

Answer

Answer: (d) transpiration
Explanation:
The process of losing water by leaves is called transpiration.

Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A	Column B
(a) Creeper	(i) Absorption of mineral and water.
(b) Herb	(ii) Manufacture food.
(c) Shrub	(iii) Transport food, water and mineral.
(d) Tree	(iv) Reproduction.
(e) Root	(v) Need support to stand up.
(f) Stem	(vi) Hard and thick stem.
(g) Leaf	(vii) Green and tender stem.
(h) Flower	(viii) Hard but thin stem.

Answer

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Creeper	(v) Need support to stand up.
(b) Herb	(vii) Green and tender stem.
(c) Shrub	(viii) Hard but thin stem.
(d) Tree	(vi) Hard and thick stem.
(e) Root	(i) Absorption of mineral and water.
(h) Stem	(iii) Transport food, water and mineral.
(g) Leaf	(ii) Manufacture food.
(h) Flower	(iv) Reproduction.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Water Havels up the stem through …………. inside the stem.

Answer

Answer: narrow tubes

2. Thick vein in the centre of leaf is called ………….. .

Answer

Answer: midrib

3. Design made by ……………. in a leaf is called venation.

Answer

Answer: veins

4. Leaves Bicchu (Meltles) give you …………. on touching.

Answer

Answer: rashes and itching

5. Leaves have ……………. shapes, sizes, edges, tips, etc.

Answer

Answer: different

Important Questions

Question 1.
What are herbs?
Answer:
The small plants with soft/tender, green, short stem are called herbs. Herbs hardly attain height more than 1.5 metres. Their stems are not woody and can be bent. A herb may or may not have branches, e.g., tomato, mint, paddy, etc.

Question 2.
With the help of diagrams, tabulate the differences between a shrub and a tree, based on the properties of the stem.
Answer:

Shrub	Tree
More branches arise from the base of stem. The stem is hard and thin.	The branches arise from the stem. The stem is hard, thick and woody.

Question 3.
Look carefully at the plants shown in Fig. 7.17 and identify their type. Are they herbs, shrubs or trees? Are they similar in shape? Which category has the biggest plants and which has the smallest?
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 2
Answer:
Close look of these plants make it clear that these plants are not of the same type.
Plants and are small and have soft and thin stem. These are called herbs.

Plant has many branches arising from the base and its stem is thin but hard. It is a shrub.

Plant is tall. Its stem is thick and hard, it is a tree.

Question 4.
From the members of the various groups given below, find the odd one out.

Coriander (dhania), mint (pudina), jamun, grass.
Rose, mehndi, guava, morepankh.

Answer:

Jamun (Jamun is a tree while others are herbs).
Guava (Guava is a tree while others are shrubs).

Question 5.
You are shown three branches of a rose in Fig. 7.18 one will help you best to recognize the plant?
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 3
Answer:
(c) A branch with leaves and flowers

Question 6.
What are climbers and creepers? Give some examples.
Answer:
In some plants like grape vines, money plant, bean stalk, gourd plants, etc., the stem is so weak that it cannot hold it straight. They either stand up with some support or they just spread on the ground. In the first condition, the plants are called climbers and in second condition, they are called creepers or runners.

Question 7.
Pitcher plant has green leaves which can prepare food by photosynthesis then why does it eat insects?
Answer:
Pitcher plant eats insects to get nitrogenous compounds which it neither synthesizes nor can absorb from the soil.

Question 8.
What are weeds?
Answer:
The unwanted plants that grow in the field with the main crops or in their surroundings are called weeds.
Weeds are the plants which are not grown by the farmers, e.g., grass.

Stem

Question 1.
What is a stem?
Answer:
The part of the plant which generally grows above the ground level and bears leaves, flowers and fruits is called a stem.

Question 2.
Do you agree that stem is like a two way street?
Answer:
Yes. Stem carries the water absorbed by the roots to the leaves and also the food prepared by the leaves to the roots

Question 3.
Look carefully on the stem arising from various plants growing around you. Based on your observation, fill the following Table 7.1:

S. No	Description of the stem	Name of the plant
1.	Green and tender stem
2.	Hard, woody, thick brown stem
3.	Hard, woody, thin stem
4.	Branches arise from the base of the stem
5.	Branches arise from the upper part of the stem

Answer:

S. No	Description of the stem	Name of the plant
1.	Green and tender stem	Pea
2.	Hard, woody, thick brown stem	Mango
3.	Hard, woody, thin stem	Ladyfinger
4.	Branches arise from the base of the stem	Rose
5.	Branches arise from the upper part of the stem	Rubber plant

Question 4.
What are the modification of stem?
Answer:
Stem is modified to perform certain special functions:

Storage of food
Storage of water
Provide support
To make food
Multiplication or reproduction.

Question 5.
What are nodes and internodes?
Answer:
Nodes: The point where the leaf arises on the stem. They are attached to the stem by a stalk.
Internodes: The portion of the stem between the two nodes.

Leaf

Question 1.
Define petiole and lamina.
Answer:
The part of leaf which is attached to the stem is called petiole and the broad green part of the leaf is called lamina.

Question 2.
Draw a labelled diagram of the external structure of a leaf.
Answer:
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 4

Question 3.
What are veins?
Answer:
There are some lines on the leaf called veins.

Question 4.
What is midrib?
Answer:
There is a thick vein in the middle of the leaf called midrib.

Question 5.
What do you mean by

leaf venation
reticulate venation, and
parallel venation?

Answer:

Leaf venation: The design made by veins in a leaf is called leaf venation.
Reticulate venation: If the design is net-like on both sides of midrib, the venation is called reticulate venation.
Parallel venation: In the leaves of grass, the veins are parallel to one another. This is called parallel venation.

Question 6.
Explain the main functions of leaf.
Answer:
There are following two main functions of leaf:

Transpiration: The extra water comes out of the leaves through stomata in the form of vapour. This process is called transpiration.
Photosynthesis: The process by which leaves prepare their food from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight and a green-coloured substance i.e., chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

Question 7.
Why are leaves generally green?
Answer:
The green colour of leaves is because of the presence of chlorophyll.

Question 8.
What are the modifications seen in a pitcher plant?
Answer:
In a pitcher plant, the lamina is modified into a pitcher and apex into its lid.

Question 9.
Select leaves showing reticulate venation and those showing parallel venation from the list given below and write them in the tabular form:
Peepal, neem, grass, mustard, methi, dhania (coriander), rose, tulsi, mango, sugarcane, maize, mint, wheat, rice.
Answer:

Reticulate Venation	Parallel Venation
Peepal	Grass
Xeem	Sugarcane
Mustard	Maize
Methi	Wheat
Dhania (coriander) Rose Tulsi Mango Mint	Rice

Activity 3.
Put a leaf under a white sheet of paper or a
sheet in your notebook. Hold it in place as shown in the figure. Hold your pencil tip sideways and rub it on the portion of the paper having the leaf below it. Did you get an impression wuth some lines in it? Are they similar to those on the leaf?
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 5
Yes, an impression with some lines in it is on the leaf. obtained. They are similar to those

Root

Question 1.
What are lateral roots?
Answer:
The smaller roots that grow on the main taproot are called lateral roots.

Question 2.
Why roots are modified?
Answer:
Certain plants have modified roots to perform specific functions:

Storage roots, e.g., carrot, radish
Supporting roots, e.g., banyan, rubber
Climbing roots, e.g., money plant
Parasitic roots, e.g., dodder
Breathing roots, e.g., mangroves.

Question 3.
Explain the difference between taproots and fibrous roots with the help of diagrams.
Answer:

Taproots	Fibrous Roots
There is only one main and long root from which small roots grow.	There is no main root. Many roots are grown together from the base of the stem in the form of bundle.
These roots go deep into the soil to more depth.	These roots do not go very deep.
These roots cannot be separated from soil easily.	These roots are easily separated from the soil.
Found in the plants like weeds having reticulate venation in leaves.	Found in the plants like grasses having parallel venation in leaves.

Question 4.
What are the main functions of roots?
Answer:
Main functions of roots are:

Roots absorb water and minerals from soil for the other parts of the plants.
Roots hold the plant firmly to the soil.
Some roots transform to store food, e.g., radish.
Roots of leguminous plants contain symbiotic bacteria which add the fertility of soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.

Question 5.
Identify the structure seen in Fig. 7.22 and write three sentences about it.
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 7
Answer:
This is a fibrous root. It has the following features:

Roots are grown from the base of the stem.
These roots do not go very deep into the soil.
These roots are found in the plants having parallel venation in leaves, e.g., grasses.

Question 6.
How do you identify the root system of a plant without pulling it out of soil?
Answer:
By looking at the venation of the leaves, we can identify the root system of a plants. Plants with leaves having parallel venation have fibrous root and leaves having reticulate venation have taproot.

Question 7.
Uproot few different plants around you and study them. In Table 7.2 given below note the various parts seen in the different plants.
Table 7.2
Getting to Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions Science Chapter 7 - 12
Answer:

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