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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a)Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important?
(b)Name the different seasons in India.
(c)What is natural vegetation?
(d)Name the different types of vegetation found in
(e)What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest?
(f)Why is tropical rainforest also called evergreen forest?
Answers:
(a) Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India. Agriculture in India depends on rains. Good monsoons mean sufficient rain and a good crop. Hence, monsoon winds Eire very importantly. Our prosperity depends on these winds.

(b) The different seasons in India are:

• Cold Weather Season (Winter)
• Hot Weather Season (Summer)
• Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy)
• Season of retreating Monsoon (Autumn).

(c) Natural Vegetation
Grasses, shrubs, and trees which grow of their own without any interference or help from mankind constitute natural vegetation.

(d) Different types of vegetation found in India

• Tropical Rain Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Thorny Forests
• Mountain Vegetation
• Mangrove Forests

(f) Tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because they (the trees) do not shed their leaves in a particular season.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The world’s highest rainfall occurs in …………
(i) Mumbai                         (ii)    Asansol                           (iii)    Mawsyuram.

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in………
(i) saline water                   (ii)    freshwater                     (iii)polluted water.

(c) Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in………..
(i) mangrove forests
(ii) tropical deciduous forests
(iii) tropical evergreen forests

(d) Wild goats and snow leopards are found in…………
(i) Himalayan region      (ii)Peninsular region            (iii)    Gir forests.

(e) During the South-west monsoon period, the moisture-laden winds blow from
(i) land to sea                     (ii)    sea to land                      (iii)    plateau to plains.

Answers:
(a)—(iii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(i), (e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. Hot and dry winds are known as………… blow during the day in summers.
2. The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of…………..
3. ……. forest in Gujarat is the home of……………
4. …………… is a well-known species of mangrove forests.
5. …………. are also called monsoon forests.

Answer:

1. loo
2. retreating monsoon
3. Gir, Asiatic lions
4. Sundari
5. Tropical deciduous forests.

I. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:
(i) Sundarbans is in ………..
(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(b) West Bengal
(c) Orissa
(d) Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Which one forms the group of migratory birds?
(a) Siberian Crane, Flamingo and Crow
(b) Sparrow, Crow, and Stork
(c) Stork, Siberian Crane, and Flamingo
(d)Duck, Bulbul and geese.

(iii) These places experience moderate climate ………………
(a) Mumbai and Kolkata
(b) Patna and Lucknow
(c) Bikaner and Jaisalmer
(d) Ranchi and Asansol.

(iv) Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of……………………
(a) Assam
(b) Gujarat
(c) Kerala
(d)Karnataka

(v) Wildlife week is observed every year in the first week of _________
(a) November
(b) August
(c) September
(d) October.

Answers:
(i)—(b), (ii)—(c), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(a), (v)—(d).

II. Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Camels and wild asses are found in the ……….. and the ……….
2. ………  in Rajasthan receives the least rainfall.
3. Tropical Rain Forests occur in the areas which receive …………..  rainfall.
4. Cold weather season remains from………… to ………..
5. The climate of India has been described as …………..  type.
6. The roots of the plants kind the………….., thus, they control soil erosion.
7. Parrots, pigeons, geese, etc. are examples of ……….. birds.

Answer:

1. Great Indian Desert, Rann of Kuchchh
2. Jaisalmer
3. heavy
4. December,   February
5. Monsoon
6. bind
7. common

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (I) or false (F).

1. During the winter season, the sun rays fall directly in the region.
2. Due to India’s location in the tropical region, most of the rain is brought by monsoon winds.
3. Tropical rainforests are not very dense.
4. Tropical rainforests are also called monsoon forests.
5. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
6. Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, etc. migrate to our country in the winter season every year.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True.

IV.Matching Skill
Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What happens in the season of the retreating monsoons? [Imp.]
Answer:   Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal.                                  ,

2. What is climate?
Answer:
Climate is the average weather condition, which has been measured over many years.

3. Name the factors that affect the climate of a place.  [Imp.]
Answer:
The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from the sea and relief.

4. Name the two regions of Rajasthan which are very hot.
Answer:
Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

5. Name the two regions of Jammu and Kashmir which are very cold or freezing cold.
Answer:
Drass and Kargil.

6. What do you mean by moderate climate? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Moderate climate refers to the climate which is neither very hot nor very cold.

7. What are called bushes?
Answer:
Small plants are called bushes.

8. Where are thorny bushes found?
Answer:
Thorny bushes are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

9. What is the special feature of mountain vegetation?
Answer:
The trees are conical in shape.

10. Why is Van Mahotsav arranged?   [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Van Mahotsav is arranged to awaken people to plant more and more trees.

11. Why are several species of wildlife of India declining? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Due to the cutting of forests and hunting, several species of wildlife of India are declining.

12. Name the project started by the government to protect tigers? [Imp.]
Answer:
Project Tiger.

13. Name some migratory birds.
Answer:
Pelican, Siberian Crane, Stork, Flamingo, Pintail, Duck and Curlew.

India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the cold weather season and hot weather season.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season (winter), the sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result, the temperatures are quite low in northern India. In the hot weather season (summer), the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hence, the temperature becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

2. Why do we experience regional differences in the climate of India? Explain with examples. [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We experience regional differences in the climate of India due to these factors— location of a place, altitude, distance from the sea and relief. For examples, Jaisalmer and Bikaner in the desert of Rajasthan are very hot while Drass and Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir are very cold. Coastal places like Mumbai and Kolkata experience moderate climate. It means these places are neither very hot nor very cold. Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall, while Jaisalmer receives least rainfall.

3. Mention the periods of various seasons of India.[Imp.]
Answer:

• Cold weather season, i.e. winter remains from December to February.
• Hot weather season, summer ranges from March to May.
• Southwest monsoon season, i.e. the rainy season remains from June to September.
• Season of retreating monsoon, Le. autumn occurs in the month of October and lasts upto the month of November.

4. Mention the main features of thorny bushes.
Answer:

1. Thorny bushes are found in dry areas of the country.
2. The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water.
3. Cactus, khair, babool, keekar are important thorny bushes.
4. They are found in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

5. Write a note on mountain vegetation.
Answer:
Mountains are homes of various species of trees. They are found according to the variation in height. With an increase in height, the temperature falls. At a height between 1500 metres and 2500 metres most of the trees are conical in shape. Such trees are called coniferous trees. Mountain vegetation includes trees such as chir, pine and deodar.

6. How are forests important for us? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Forests play a vital role in the life of human beings and in their absence, we can’t imagine a life. Plants release oxygen that we breathe and absorb carbon dioxide. The roots of the plants bind the soil and in this way check soil erosion. We get several things from the forests, such as wood for furniture, fuel, fodder, medicinal herbs, honey, lac, gum, fruits etc. Forests provide natural habitat to wildlife, such as lions, tigers, elephants, monkeys, etc. As forests are so beneficial for us, we must make efforts to conserve it.

7. What should we do to conserve wildlife? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
We must not involve in the hunting and poaching of wild animals. We can refuse to buy things made from parts of the bodies of animals such as their bones, horns, fur, skins, and feathers. It will be an effective way to conserve wildlife. We should participate in the wildlife week which falls in the first week of October and try to create awareness of conserving the habitats of the animal kingdom.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain different types of seasons found in India
Answer:
Four major seasons are found in India:
(i) Cold Weather Season (Winter). This season occurs in the month of December and lasts upto the month of February. During this season temperature remains cold in northern India because the sun rays do not fall directly in the region.            ,

(ii) Hot weather season (Summer). This season starts in the month of March and ends in the month of May. During this season temperature becomes very hot because the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

(iii) Southwest monsoon season (Rainy season). This season is marked by the advent and advance of the monsoon. The winds blow from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers it begins raining.

(iv) Season of retreating monsoon (Autumn). This is the season of retreating monsoons. During this season winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India receive rainfall in this season.

2. Mention different types of vegetation found in India.  [V. Imp.)
Answer:
Five different types of vegetation are found in India:
(i) Tropical rain forests. These forests are found in the areas which receive heavy rainfall. They are very dense and sunlight never reach the ground. The trees of these forests shed their leaves at different times of the year. Therefore, they always appear green are called evergreen forests. Important trees of these forests are mahogany, ebony, and rosewood. They are found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of North-Eastern states, and a narrow strip of the western slope of the Western Ghats.

(ii) Tropical deciduous forests. These forests are also known as monsoon forests and are found in a large part of the country. They are less dense. They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year. Sal, teak, neem, peepal and shisha are important trees found in these forests. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, etc. are home of these forests.

(iii) Thorny bushes. They are found in the dry areas. Cactus, khair, babool, and Keekar are important thorny bushes. They are found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, etc.

(iv) Mountain Vegetation. A variety of trees are found in the mountains. They are conical in shape. Hence trees are called conical trees. Chir, pine, and deodar are important trees of these forests.

(v) Mangrove Forests. These forests grow in saline water. They are found in Sundarbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Sundari is a well-known species of trees in mangrove-forests.

3. Describe the wildlife of India [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Forests are home to wildlife, which include several species of animals and a variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects, and worms.

The tiger, our national animal, is found ip various parts of the country. Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions. Elephants and one-homed rhinoceroses are found in the forests of Assam. Elephants are found in Kerala and Karnataka. Camels and wild asses are found in the Great Indian desert and the Rann of Kuchchh respectively. Wild goats, snow leopards, bears, etc. are found in the Himalayan region. Besides these, monkeys, wolf, jackal, nilgai, cheetah, etc. are other animals found in our country.

Our country is rich in birdlife too. Peacock is our national bird. Other common birds are parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul, and ducks. Several bird sanctuaries have been established to protect different species of birds.,
There are hundreds of species of snakes found in India. Cobras and Kraits are important among them.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India

1.  Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) Name the major physical divisions of India.
(b) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries – Name them.
(c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea?
(d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra
(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?
(f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern Plains?
(g) Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island?
Answer:
(a) Major physical divisions of India:

• The Himalayas
• The Northern Great Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

(b) Countries sharing land boundaries with India:

• Pakistan
• Afghanistan
• China
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Myanmar
• Bangladesh

(c) (i) Narmada
(ii) Tapi (Tapti)
(d) Delta formed by Ganga and Brahmaputra: Sunderban.
(e) States: 28, Union Territories: 07.
States of Punjab, Haryana and Union Territory of Chandigarh have a common capital at Chandigarh.
(f) Large number of people live in the Northern plains because of the following reasons:

• Fertile land provides facilities for agriculture. It sustains more people.
• Means of transport and communication are developed here. They provide mobility to people.
• Opportunities for employment exist in the plains.
• Water is easily available.
• Industries provide employment (Agro-based industries)

(g) Lakshadweep is a coral island because of the following reasons:

• Climate and seawater is suitable for the growth of polyps.
• Their skeletons pile up and form islands.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as …………….
(i) Shiwaliks
(ii) Himadri
(iii) Himachal.

(b) Sahyadris is also known as …………
(i) Aravali
(ii) the Western Ghats
(iii) Himadri.

(c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries ……………
(i) Sri Lanka and Maldives
(ii) India and Sri Lanka
(iii) India and Maldives.

(d) The Indian islands in the Arabian sea are known as ……………….
(i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(ii) Lakshadweep Islands
(iii) the Maldives

(e) The oldest mountain range in India is the ……………
(i) Aravali hills
(ii) the Western Ghats
(iii) Himalayas

Answer:
(a)—(i), (b)—(ii), (c)—(ii), (d)—(ii), (e)—(i)

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. India has an area of about…………..
2. The Greater Himalayas are also known as……………
3. The largest state in India in terms of area is……………..
4. The river Narmada falls into the……………
5. The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is ……………….

Answer:

1. 3.28 million sq. km
2. Himadri
3. Rajasthan
4. Arabian
5. The Tropic of Cancer.

I. Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:
(i) The USA has …………
(a) Two time zones                            (b) Four time zones
(c) Seven-time zones                          (d) Eight time zones.

(ii) India belongs to the ……………….
(a) Northern Hemisphere                   (b) Southern Hemisphere
(c) Eastern Hemisphere                        (d) Western Hemisphere.

(iii) The island neighbours of India are ……………..
(a) Sri Lanka and Lakshadweep    (b) Sri Lanka and the Maldives
(c) Maldives and Andaman and Nicobar     (d)None of the above.

(iv) Which state is the smallest one in terms of area?
(a) Goa                                                (b) Kerala

(v) The other name of Middle Himalaya is ……………
(a) Himadri                                        (b) Himachal
(c) Shiwalik                                       (d) Great-Himalaya.

(vi) Which island groups were affected by the Tsunami in 2004?
(a) Lakshadweep                                 (b) Maldives
(c) Andaman and    Nicobar                (d) Both (a) and (c).

Answer:
(i)—(c), (ii)— (a), (iii)—(b), (iv)—(a), (v)—(b), (vi)—(c).

II.Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. India is the second-most populous country of the world after …………………..
2. The Himalayan mountains are divided into ……………  main parallel ranges.
3. The Great Indian Desert lies to the …………….  part of India.
4. …….  and ……….. are west-flowing rivers that fall into the Arabian Sea.
5. Lakshadweep islands are located in the ………………..
6. The western coastal plains are very……………….

Answer:

1. China
2. three
3. Western
4. Narmada, Tapi
5. the Arabian Sea
6. narrow

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Lakshadweep islands are coral islands.
2. The eastern coastal plains are much broader.
3. The Northern Indian plains lie to the south of the Himalayas.
4. The Bay of Bengal lies east to India.
5. Canada has five time zones.
6. High concentration of population is found in plateaus.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. False.

IV.Matching Skill
Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Our Country India Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7  Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the north-south extent of India?
Answer:  The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km.

2. What is the east-west extent of India?
Answer: The east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km.

3. How does the local time change?   [V. Imp.]
Answer: The local time changes by four minutes for every one degree of longitude,

4. What is the difference between the time of sunrise in Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat?
Answer:  The difference between the time of sunrise in Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat is two hours.

5. On what basis have the states been formed?
Answer:  The states have been formed on the basis of languages,

6. What does Himalayas mean?
Answer: Himalaya means the abode of snow (Him + alaya).

7. Where are the world’s highest peaks located? [Imp.]
Answer:  The world’s highest peaks are located in the Great Himalayas or Himadri.

8. What is a peninsula?
Answer: A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on all the three sides,

9. Define the term desert.
Answer:  A desert is a dry, hot and sandy stretch of land with very little vegetation,

10. Name the two important hill ranges that lie in the peninsula plateau
Answer:  The Vindhyas and the Satpuras.

11. What is called the mouth of the river?
Answer:  The point where rivers enter the sea is called the mouth of the river,

12. What are called polyps?
Answer: Polyps are very small marine animals.

13. What is the difference between the western coastal plains and the eastern coastal plains? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The Western coastal plains are very narrow while the eastern coastal plains are much broader.

14. Name the rivers which fall into the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:  Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishana and Kaveri.

Our Country India Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Mention the political and administrative divisions of India. [V. Imp.]
Answer: India is a vast country. Hence, for administrative purposes, it is divided into 28 states and 7 Union Territories. Delhi is the capital of India. The formation of states has been made on the basis of languages. Rajasthan is the largest state while Goa is the smallest state in terms of area. These states have been further divided into districts.

2. Write a short note on the coastal plains of India.
Answer:  The coastal plains lie to the West of the Western Ghats and the East of the Eastern Ghats. The Western coastal plains are narrow while the eastern coastal plains are much broader. There are several fast-flowing rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. These rivers have formed fertile deltas at their mouth.

3. Write a short note on the two groups of islands of India.
Answer:  The two groups of islands are—Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar islands. Lakshadweep islands are located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral islands located off the coast of Kerala. The Andaman and Nicobar islands are located in the Bay of Bengal.

4. How are coral islands formed? [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Corals are skeletons of very small marine animals called polyps. When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left. Other polyps grow on top of the hard skeleton which grows higher and higher, thus forming the coral islands.

5. What do you know about the boundaries of India? Explain in brief. [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Our country has a vast geographical expanse. In the north, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas. In the west, lies the Arabian Sea, in the east it is bound by the Bay of Bengal and in the south lies the Indian’ Ocean.

6. Describe the geographical extent of India. [V. Imp.]
Answer: India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. Km. The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km. And the east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km. The lofty mountains, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern Plains, the uneven plateau surface and the coasts and islands present a diversity of landforms.

7. Describe the locational extent of India. [Imp.]
Answer: India is located in the northern hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30′ N) passes almost halfway through the country. From south to north, mainland of India extends between 8° 4′ N and 37° 6′ N latitudes. From west to east, India extends between 68° 7′ E and 97° 25′ E longitudes. If we divide the world into eastern and western hemisphere, India will belong to eastern hemisphere.

8. Describe the effect of east-west extent of India on time.
Answer:  The west to eats extent leads to difference in local time from meridian to meridian. The local time changes by four minutes for every one degree of longitude. The sun rises two hours earlier in the east, Le. Arunachal Pradesh than in the west, ie. (Gujarat). The local time of longitude of 82° 30′ E has been taken as the Indian Standard Time. This longitude is also known as the Standard Meridian of India. Its time is taken as the standard throughout the country.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Describe the major physical division of India.  [V. Imp.]
Answer:
India has a diverse physical feature, such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts and islands.

1.The Himalayas. The Himalayas stand sentinels in the north. The Himalayas mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges. The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri. The world’s highest peaks are located in this range. Middle Himalayas or Himachal lies to the south of Himadri. The Shiwalik is the southernmost range.

2.The Northern Indian Plains. They lie to the south of the Himalayas. They are usually level and flat. These are fertile regions and are suitable for cultivation. Thick population is found here.

3.’ The Great Indian Desert. It lies to the western part of the country. It is a sandy stretch of land. Rainfall is very poor, hence very little vegetation is found here.

4.The Peninsular Plateau. It is triangular in shape. It lies to the south of the northern plains. Its relief is highly uneven. Numerous hill ranges and valleys are found here. Aravali hills lie to the north-west side. The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are other important ranges. The Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These west-flowing rivers fall into the Arabian Sea. On the west of the plateau lie the Western Ghats also known as Sahyadris. On the east lie the Eastern Ghats. This plateau is rich in minerals like coal and iron ore.

5. Coastal Plains. They lie to the West of the Western Ghats and East of the Eastern Ghats. The rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri (all east flowing rivers) fall into the Bay of Bengal. They have formed fertile deltas at their mouth.  <

6.Islands. Two groups of islands are an integral part of the country. Lakshadweep islands are located in the Arabian Sea while Andaman and Nicobar islands lie to the South-east of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the major landforms?
(b) What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?
(c) What are the different types of mountains?
(d) How are mountains useful to man?
(e) How are plains formed?
(f) Why are the river plains thickly populated?
(g) Why are mountains thinly populated?
Answer:
(a) The major landforms are—mountains, plateaus and plains.

(b) A mountain may have a small summit and a broad base. But a plateau is flat-topped table standing above the surrounding area.
Example of mountain: The Himalayan mountains.
Example of plateau: The Deccan plateau.

(c) Mountains are of three types—

• Fold mountains
• Block mountains
• Volcanic mountains

(d) Mountains are useful to man in a variety of ways:

• Mountains are storehouse of water which is the basic need of the human beings. Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people. Water is used for irrigation and generation of hydroelectricity.
• Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna.
• Mountains provide an idyllic site for tourists. They visit the mountains for their scenic beauty.

(e) Plains are generally formed by rivers and their tributaries. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that plains are formed.

(f) The river plains are very suitable for human habitation. People get flat land for building houses and for cultivation. The soil of river plains is very fertile. Hence people live here and cultivate land for their living.

(g) Life is very difficult in mountain areas because of harsh climate. It is quite difficult to grow crops, build houses or roads in a mountain. Hence, people do not prefer to live here.

2. Tick the correct answer.
(a) The mountains differ from the hills in terms of
(i) elevation
(ii) slope
(iii)aspect.

(b) Glaciers are found in
(i) the mountains
(ii) the plains
(iii)the plateaus.

(c) The Deccan plateau islocated in
(i) Kenya
(ii) Australia
(iii)India.

(d) The river Yangtze flows in
(i) South America
(ii) Australia
(iii)China.

(e) An important mountain range of Europe is  ‘
(i) the Andes
(ii) the Alps
(iii) the Rockies.

Answer:
(a)-(i), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iii), (e)-(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. A………… is an unbroken flat or a low-level land.
2. The Himalayas and the Alps are examples of…………………… types of mountains.
3. ………  areas are rich in mineral deposits.
4. The………… is a line of mountains.
5. The ………..  areas are most producting for farming.

Answer:

1. plain
2. young fold
3. Plateau
4. range
5. plain.

THINGS TO DO
1. What kind of landforms are found in your state? Based on the reading of this chapter, say how they are of use to the people.
Answer: Plains are found in my state. Plains are generally very fertile. Hence, people can easily engage themselves in farming activities and get high produce. As the land is plain and level, construction of transport network is very easy. Construction of houses is also carried on large scale. Thus, plains provide all facilities for human habitation. Perhaps therefore, thick population is found here.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:

(i) It is the mountain range of South America.
(a) The Himalayas              (b) The Alps
(c)The Andes                      (d) The Rockies.

(ii)    Mt. Kilimanjaro is in
(a) Asia                                                      (b)      Africa
(c) South America                                    (d)     North America.

(iii) Which one sport is not popular in the mountains?
(a) Paragliding                                          (b)      Skiing
(c) Hang gliding                                       (d)     Football.

(iv) The Hundru falls is in
(a) Chhotanagpur                                         (b) Calcutta
(c) Ranchi                                                      (d) Chhattisgarh.

(v) The world’s highest plateau is the
(a) Deccan plateau                                        (b) Tibet plateau
(c) Chhotanagpur plateau                             (d) East African plateau.

Answer:  (i)—(c), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a), (v)-(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in…………………………..  areas.
2. The climate of mountains is …………………..
3. Mountains vary in their ………………..  and shape.
4. The Ural mountains in ……………..  have rounded features and low elevation.
5. Volcanic mountains are formed due to ……………………  activities.
6. The ………….  and terraces are ideal for crop cultivation.
7. …………  in the Pacific Ocean is an undersea mountain.

Answer:

1. plateau
2. harsh
3. heights
4. Russia
5. volcanic
6. river basins
7. Mauna Kea (Hawaii)

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. A rich variety of flora and fauna is found in the mountains.
2. The Rope Bridge is in Arunachal Pradesh.
3. Plateaus are vast stretches of flat land.
4. Plains are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits.
5. As we go higher, the climate becomes hotter.
6. Mt. Fujiyama in Japan is an example of volcanic mountains.
7. It is difficult to carry on construction work in plains.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False.

IV.Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is internal process? [V. Imp.]
Answer: It is a type of continuous movement within the earth that lead to the upliftment and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places.

2. What is external process?
Answer:  It is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface.

3. What is called, erosion?
Answer:  The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion.

4. What happens when you go higher?
Answer:  The Climate becomes colder.

5. Give examples of young fold mountains.
Answer:  The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps.

6. What are the features of young fold mountains? [V. Imp.]
Answer:  They have rugged relief and high conical peaks.

7. What is special with Mauna Kea (Hawaii) in the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:  It is higher than Mt. Everest being 10,205 metres high.

8. Give an example of block mountains.
Answer:  The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe.

9. Give examples of Volcanic mountains.
Answer:  Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan.

10. Name the plateau which is famous for gold and diamond mining.
Answer: The African plateau.

11. Name some plains of India.
Answer: The Ganga-Brahmaputra plains and the Indo-Gangetic plains.

12. Write some natural calamities.  [V. Imp.]
Answer:  Earthquakes, floods, cyclone, drought, etc.

13. ‘Quite often we use the land in a wasteful manner’. What do gou mean by ‘wasteful manner’?[V. Imp.]
Answer:  Using fertile land for building houses.

Major Landforms Of The Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Write a few features of mountains.
Answer:

1. Mountains are natural elevations of the earth’s surface.
2. They are higher than the surrounding area.
3. Some of them are even higher than the clouds.
4. The climate of mountains is harsh, which makes them less suitable for human habitation.
5. Mountains have steep slopes. Hence, farming is quite difficult here.

2. What are block mountains?
Answer: Block mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are known as horsts and the lowered blocks are known as graben. Examples: The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe.

3. How are plateaus useful for man?
Answer: Plateaus are very useful for man because they have rich mineral deposits. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau regions. For example, the African plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. The Chhotanagpur plateau in India has huge reserves of iron, coal and manganese. In the plateau regions, one can find several waterfalls. Many plateaus have scenic spots which attract tourist on large scale.

4. What are the features of plateaus?   [Imp.]
Answer: 1.Plateaus are elevated flat lands. It is a flat topped table land standing above the surrounding area.
2. Plateaus have one or more sides with steep slopes.
3. Their height often varies from few hundred metres to several thousand metres.
4. Plateaus may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
5. The Tibet plateau is the highest plateau in the world.
6. Plateaus are storehouse of minerals like gold, diamond, iron, coal, etc.

5. What are the features of plains? [V. Imp.]
Answer: 1. Plains are vast stretches of flat land.
2. Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating.
3. Plains are usually fertile regions. They are suitable for cultivation.
4. They are usually thickly populated regions.
5. It is easy to build houses, roads etc. in plains.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6  Long Answer Type Questions

1. What are the major landforms? Write about them in brief     [V. Imp.]
Answer:  The major landforms are mountains, plateaus and plains.
1.Mountains.They are natural elevation of the earth surface. They are higher than the surrounding area. Some mountains are veiy high. They are even higher than the clouds. Some mountains have permanently frozen rivers of ice known as glaciers. Mountains are generally thinly populated regions because the climate is harsh there. Farming is also not easily possible there. But mountains provide us water. They have a rich variety of flora and fauna.
2.Plateaus.They are usually flat-topped table land and are higher than the surrounding area. Plateaus may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus. Plateaus are very useful for mankind. They have rich deposits of minerals such as diamond, gold, iron, manganese etc. Several water falls can be found in the plateau regions.
3.Plains.They are vast stretches of flat land. They are mostly formed by rivers and their tributaries. Plains are usually fertile lands. Hence, thick population is found there. Construction of transport network is easy. Cultivation is also easy. Plains also provide level land for the construction of houses or buildings. In India, the Indo-Gangetic plains are the regions where one can find great concentration of population.

2. How many types of mountains are there? Write briefly about each of them with help of diagrams.
Answer:  Mountains are of three types—1. Fold Mountains, 2. Block Mountains and 3.Volcanic Mountains.
1.Fold Mountains. The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold ‘mountains. They have rugged relief and high conical peaks. The Aravali range is India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world. The Appalachians in the North America and the Ural mountains in Russia are vaiy old fold mountains.

2.Block Mountains. These are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The Uplifted blocks are known as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben. The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountains in Europe are examples of such mountain systems.

3.Volcanic Mountains. They are formed by volcanic activity. Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan are examples of such mountains.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the four major domains of the earth?
(b) Name the major continents of the earth.
(c) Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
(d) Name the different layers of the atmosphere.
(e) Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’?
(f ) Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the land Hemisphere?
(g) Why is the biosphere important for living organisms?
Answers:
(a) Major Domains of the Earth

• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere

(b) Major continents of the Earth

• Asia
• Europe
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Australia
• Antarctica

(c) Two continents lying entirely in the Southern hemisphere are:

• Australia and
• Antarctica

(d) Layers of (the) Atmosphere

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
• Exosphere

(e) The Earth is called the blue planet because,

• it is the only planet (so far) which has water,
• it looks blue from the sky because of presence of water on it.

(f) The Northern Hemisphere is called the Land Hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• Greater part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is more than 70% of the total area.
• Water bodies area is smaller in this Hemisphere. It is only 30% of the total area of the Northern Hemisphere.

(g) Importance of Biosphere

• Biosphere sustains all life forms.
• It provides food to them.
• It provides stage to all forms of life to act upon.
• It should be pollution free because pollution is injurious to life forms.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is
(i) the Andes                         (ii) the Himalayas                        (iii) the Urals.

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by
(i) an Isthmus                        (ii)   a Strait                            (iii)   a Canal.

(c) The major constituent of the atmosphere by percent is
(i) Nitrogen                              (ii)   Oxygen                                  (iii)   Carbon dioxide.

(d) The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is
(i) the Atmosphere           (ii)   the Hydrosphere             (iii)   the Lithosphere.

(e) Which the largest continent?
(i) Africa                           (ii)   Asia                                 (iii)   Australia

Answers:
(a)—(iii)
(b)—(i)
(c)—(i)
(d)—(iii)
(e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. The deepest point on the earth is ……….. in the Pacific Ocean.
2. The……… Ocean is named after a country.
3. The……… is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.
4. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as…………….
5. The highest mountain peak on earth is…………….

Answers:

1. Mariana Trench
2. Indian
3. Biosphere
4. Eurasia
5. Everest

Things to do

Collect pictures of expeditions to the Himalayas. Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature, and the lack of air.
Answer:
The mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders to be able to breathe at high altitudes. They wear a special jacket to avoid temperature. They also wear sunglasses and cap to save themselves from the scorching heat of the sun.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:
(i) Life exists in this zone:
(a) Lithosphere                                  (b) Biosphere
(c) Hydrosphere                                 (d) Atmosphere.

(ii) It is the only continent through which the tropic of Cancer, the Equator, and the Tropic of Capricorn pass:
(a) Asia                                             (b) Europe
(c) Africa                                          (d) North America.

(iii) It is the world’s longest mountain range
(a) The Mt. Everest                             (b) The Ural Mountains
(c) The Karakoram range                  (d) The Andes.

(iv)Which ocean is ‘S’ shaped?
(a) The Pacific Ocean                       (b)    The Atlantic Ocean
(c) The Indian Ocean                       (d)    The Arctic Ocean.

(v) Which one is not the layer of the Atmosphere?
(a) The Biosphere                             (b)    The Troposphere                •
(c) The Stratosphere                        (d)    The Mesosphere.

(vi) It is called an island continent
(a) South America                           (b)    Antarctica
(c) Africa                                           (d)    Australia.

Answers:
(i)— (b)
(ii)—(c)
(iii)—(d)
(iv)—(b)
(v)—(a)
(vi)—(d).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of………………..
2. Africa is the second largest continent after ……………..
3. The world’s longest river the Nile flows through ………………
4. The hydrosphere comprises water in the form of ………………., water and ………….
5. The Arctic Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as ……………
6. The Pacific Ocean is ………….  in shape.
7. The Coastline of the Atlantic Ocean is high……………….
8. Europe lies to the ………….  of Asia.

Answers:

1. Antarctica
2. Asia
3. Africa
4. ice, water vapour
5. Berring Strait
6. circular
7. indented
8. west.

III. True/False
State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The shape of the Pacific Ocean is almost triangular.
2. A very small part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere.
3. The level of seawater remains the same everywhere.
4. Air moves from low pressure to high pressure.
5. Carbon dioxide is an important constituent of air.
6. The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Answers:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True.

IV. Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Major Domains Of The Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Which is larger—Europe or Australia?
Answer: Europe is larger than Australia.

2. How is nitrogen a significant gas?
Answer: Nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms.

3. What is the Junction of carbon dioxide?
Answer: Carbon dioxide absorbs the heat radiated by the earth and thus keeps the planet warm.

4. What is the height of the Mt. Everest?
Answer: The height of the Mt. Everest is 8,848 metres.

5. In which Hemisphere does Asia lie?
Answer: Asia lies in the Eastern Hemisphere.

6. Name the world’s largest hot desert. Where is it located?
Answer: The Sahara desert. It is located in Africa.

7. How is North America linked to South America? [Imp.]
Answer: North America is linked to South America by a narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama.

8. Name the Oceans that surround the continent—North America.
Answer: The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

9. Which two oceans surround South America on the east and the west?
Answer: On the east—the Atlantic Ocean On the west—the Pacific Ocean.

10. Name the research stations of India in Antarctica.
Answer: Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri.

11. What percent of the earth is covered with water?   [Imp.]
Answer: More than 71 per cent of the earth is covered with water.

12. What percent of earth is covered with land?
Answer: 29 per cent of earth is covered with land.

13. How much of the earth’s water is found in the oceans?
Answer: More than 97 percent of the earth’s water is found in the ocean.

14. Why is the ocean water not fit for human use?   [Imp.]
Answer: It is because the ocean water is very salty.

15. Why do the mountaineers carry with them oxygen cylinders?[Imp*]
Answer: The mountaineers carry with them oxygen cylinders so that they can easily breathe at high altitudes.

16. What is the nature of the temperature?
Answer: The temperature decreases as we go upwards.

17. Name the continents that surround the pacific ocean.
Answer: Asia, Australia, North America and South America.

18. Which is the busiest ocean from the point of view of commerce?
Answer: The Atlantic ocean is the busiest ocean from the point of view of commerce.

19. Mention two reasons of fast removal of soil from stops.      [V. Imp.l
Answer: (i)Cutting of forests for wood.
(ii)Clearing land for agriculture.

20. What happened to Andaman and Nicobar islands during Tsunami? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Parts of these islands were submerged under water during Tsunami.

21. What makes the water of lakes and rivers unsuitable for human use?
Answer: Discharge of waste material into lakes and rivers makes the water unsuitable for human use.

22. Mention any two reasons of air pollution.
Answer: (i) Emission from industries
(ii)Emission from vehicles.

Major Domains Of The Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

1. Mention the three main components of the environment. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The three main components of the environment are – the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. The lithosphere is the solid portion of the earth. The gaseous layers that surround the earth is the atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide and other gases. The hydrosphere refers to the big area of water that covers the earth’s surface. This water is in the forms of ice, water and water vapour.

2. Write a short note on the ‘hydrosphere’.
Answer: The hydrosphere refers to the water bodies that are found on the earth’s surface. More than 71% of the earth is covered with water. This water is found in all its forms—ice, water and water vapour. Running water in oceans and rivers and in lakes, ice in glaciers, underground water and the water vapour in atmosphere. More than 97% of the earth’s water is found in oceans. The ocean water is very salty, hence not of human utility. A large proportion of the rest of water is in the form of the icesheets and glaciers or under the ground. A very small percentage (0.03%) is available as fresh water. It is this water that we use.

3. Explain biosphere—the domain of life. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The biosphere is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life. It is in this zone that life exists. There are several species of organisms that vary in size from microbes and bacteria to large mammals. All living organisms including humans are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival.

4. Give an account of the composition of the atmosphere. Also, discuss the importance of the components. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Together they make up about 99% of clean, dry air. Nitrogen 78% and oxygen 21%. Apart from these two major gases, there are other gases too in the atmosphere. These gases include carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1% by volume.

Oxygen is the breath of life while nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms. Carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated by the earth. In this way, it keeps the planet warm. It is also essential for the growth of plants.

5. What is atmosphere? Write about its different layers.
Answer: The atmosphere is a thin blanket of air that surrounds the earth. It provides us with the air we breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of sun’s rays. The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 km. The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties. These layers are—the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Give the details of all the major continents. [V. Imp.]
Answer: There are seven major continents—Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.
1. Asia is the largest continent. It covers about one-third of the total land area of the earth. It lies in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer passes through this continent. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural mountains on the west. The combined land mass of Europe and Asia is called Eurasia (Europe + Asia).

2.Europe.This continent lies to the west of Asia. The Arctic circle passes through it. It is bound by water bodies on three sides.

3.Africa.It is the second largest continent after Asia. The Equator or 0° latitude runs almost through the middle of the continent. A large part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn pass. It is bound on all sides by oceans and seas. The world’s largest hot desert, i.e. the Sahara Desert lies in this continent. The world’s longest river the Nile flows through it.

4.North America. It is the third largest continent of the world. It is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama. This continent lies completely in the Northern and Western Hemisphere.

5.South America. It lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Andes, world’s longest mountain range, runs through its length from north to south. The world’s largest river, the Amazon flows through this continent.

6. Australia. It is the smallest continent. It lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.

7. Antarctica.It lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is a large continent. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of this continent It is permanently covered with thick ice sheets because it is located in the South Polar region. Permanent human settlement is not found here.

2. Write about the major oceans of the world.
Answer: There are four major oceans in the world—the Pacific Ocean the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.
1.The Pacific Ocean. It is the largest ocean and is spread over one-third of the earth. Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the earth, lies under the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is circular in shape. Asia, Australia, North and South Americas surround it.

2.The Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. It is flanked by the North and South Americas on the Western side and Europe and Africa on the eastern side. The coastline of this ocean is highly indented. It is the ideal location for natural harbours and ports. Commercially, it is the busiest ocean.

3.The Indian Ocean. It is the only ocean named after country, that is, India. The shape of the ocean is triangular. It is bound by Asia in the north, by Africa in the west and by Australia in the east.

4.The Arctic Ocean. It is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as Bering Strait. See the map given in the previous question.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Maps

1. Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What are the three components of a map?
(b) What are the four cardinal directions?
(c) What do you mean by the term ‘the scale of the map’?
(d) How are maps more helpful than a globe?
(e) Distinguish between a map and a plan.
(f) Which map provides detailed information?
(g) How do symbols help in reading map?

Answers:
(a) The three components of a map are—distance, direction and symbol.
(b) The four cardinal directions are—North, South, East and West.
(c) The term ‘the scale of the map’ means the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
(d) Maps provide more information than a globe. A globe can be useful when we want to study the earth as a whole. But when we want to study only a part of the earth, as about a country or a state, globe is of little help. In such a situation only maps are useful.
(e) Differences between a map and a plan.

(f) Large scale maps provide detailed information because of the following reasons.

• Large scale maps are drawn on big-sized papers.
• Maps are of very large size. They have more space to depict more information.

(g) With the use of symbols maps are more informative and easier to read because of the following reasons:

• The symbols are of the features in true form.
• Language does not put any problem in understanding the feature.
• Even the less educated can understand the information easily.

2. Tick the correct answer:

(a) Maps showing the distribution of forests are
(i)   Physical map                (ii)   Thematic map                  (iii)   Political map.

(b) The blue colour is used for showing
(i)   Water bodies                (ii)   Mountains                       (iii)   Plains.

(c) A compass is used
(i) To show symbols     (ii) To find the main direction (iii) To measure distance.

(d) A scale is necessary
(i)   For a map                    (ii)   For a sketch                     (iii)   For symbols.

Answers:
(a)—(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i).

Things to do
1. Draw a plan of your classroom and show the teacher’s table, blackboard, desks, door and window.
Answer:
Do yourself.

2. Look at the Figure 4.4 and find out:

(i) In which direction is the river flowing?
(ii) What kind of road passes by the side of village Dumri?
(iii) On what type of railway line is Sunderpur situated?

Answers:
(i) The river is flowing southward.
(ii) Metalled road.
(iii) Broad gauge.
(iv) North side.
(v)(a) South, (b) South, (c) North, (d) North, (e) South, (f) South, (g) South.

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct options to complete the statements given below:

(i) Which one is not a component of map?
(a) Direction (b) Symbol
(c) Scale     (d) Distance.

(ii)………..is the symbol of………………
(a) International boundary                     (b) State boundary
(c) District boundary                         (d) Village boundary.

(iii) Brown colour is used for showing
(a) Water bodies                                (b) Plateaus
(c) Plains                                          (d) Mountains.

(iv) A physical map shows
(a) Natural features of the earth
(b) Different countries and states of the world
(c) Distribution of forests
(d) Both (a) and (b).

(v) Which one is not an intermediate direction?
(a) North-east (NE)                           (b) West
(c) South-west (SW)                           (d) North-West (NW).

Answers:
(i)—(c), (ii)—(a), (iii)—(d), (iv)—(a), (v)—(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. A……….. is used to show large areas like continents or countries on a paper.
2. A………. is an instrument used to find out main directions.
3. Maps have a…………. language that can be understood by all.
4. In a sketch match …………. is not needed.
5. Maps are more informative than a …………

Answers:

1. small scale
2. compass
3. universal
4. scale
5. globe.

III.True/False

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. A globe is used to study the earth as a whole.
2. Political maps show natural features of the earth.
3. A large scale map is used to show large areas like countries on a paper,
4. There are four intermediate directions.
5. Large scale maps give less information than small scale maps.

Answers:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

IV. Matching Skill
Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 4  Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. When do you use a globe?
Answer:
We use a globe when we want to study the earth as a whole.

2. What is an atlas?
Answer:
An atlas is a collection of maps.

3. What do physical maps show? (Imp.)
Answer:
Political maps show natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateans, plains, rivers, oceans, etc.

4. What do political maps show?
Answer:
Political maps show cities, towns and villages and different countries and state of the world with their boundaries.

5. What do you mean by a thematic map?   [V. Imp.]
Answer:
A map which gives focus on specific information is known as thematic map. For example, road maps, maps showing distribution of industries, etc.

6. Differentiate between a small scale map and a large scale map. [V. Imp.]
Answer:
(i) A small scale map is used to show large areas like continents or countries on a paper while a large scale map is used to show a small area such as village or town on a paper.
(ii)A large scale map is more informative than a small scale map.

7.What is called the north line?
Answer:
Maps usually contain an arrow marked with the letter ‘N at the upper right hand comer. This arrow shows the north direction and is called the north line.

8. What is a compass?
Answer:
A compass is an instrument used to find out main directions.

9. What are conventional symbols?  [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Some symbols have a fixed meaning and are understood uniformally throughout the world. Such symbols are known as conventional symbols.

10. What colours are used for the following:
(i)mountains
(ii)plains
(iii)plateaus
(iv)water bodies
Answers:
(i) Mountains    —   Brown colour
(ii)Plains —   Green
(iii)Plateaus —   Yellow
(iv)Water bodies —  Blue

11.What is a sketch map?
Answer:
A sketch map is a rough drawing of an area. It is drawn without scale.

12. What is a plan?
Answer:
A plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scale.

Geography NCERT Class 6 Chapter 4 Maps Short Answer Type Questions

1. Differentiate between a small scale map and a large scale map.   [V. Imp.]
Answer:
(i) A small scale map is used to show large areas like continents or countries on a paper while a large scale map is used to show a small area such as village or town on a paper.
(ii)A large scale map is more informative than a small scale map.

2. What are cardinal points and intermediate directions? [Imp.]
Answer:
The four major directions—North, South, East and West are called cardinal points. Beside these major directions we have four intermediate directions—North-east (NE), South-east (SE), South-west (SW) and North-west (NW). The intermediate directions are very helpful in locating any place more accurately.

3.Write a note on ‘compass’.[Imp.]
Answer:
The direction of a place is traced out with the help of a compass. It is an instrument used to find out main directions. Its magnetic needle always points towards north-south direction.

CBSE Class 6 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions

1. Define and discuss ‘distance’ as a component of a map.  [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Maps are drawings. They reduce the whole world or a part of it to fit on a sheet of paper. In other words we can say that maps are drawn to reduced scales. But it needs great care while doing this reduction work in order to keep the distance between the real places. It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground. For this purpose a scale is used.

Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map. We can understand this with the help of an example. Suppose, the distance between your coaching centre and your school is 8 km. If you show this 8 km distance by 2 cm on a map. It means, 1 cm on the map will show 4 km on the ground. Thus, the scale of your drawing will be  1 cm = 4 km Scale is very important in any map.

If scale is known, calculation of distance between any two places on a map will be easy. A small scale is used to show large areas on a paper like continents or countries. For example, 10 cm on the map shows 1000 km of the ground. A large scale is used to show a small area like a village or town on paper. For example, 10 cm on the map shows 1000 metres only on the ground.

2. Give an account of ‘direction’ as a major component of a map. [Imp.]
Answer:  Direction is an important component of a map. Most maps contain an arrow marked with the letter ‘N’ at the upper right hand comer. This arrow show the north direction. It is called the north line. After knowing the north direction, other directions, east, west and south can be easily found out.
There are four major directions—North, South, East and West. They are called cardinal points. Besides these, there are four intermediate directions. They are north-east (NE), south-east (SE), south-west (SW) and north-west (NW). Location of any place with more accuracy can be possible with the help of these intermediate directions.

3.Discuss symbols as a major component of a map.     [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Drawing different features such as buildings, roads, etc. in their actual shape and size on a map is perhaps not possible. It is therefore, they are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines. These are symbols that give a lot of information is a limited space.

With the use of these symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read. These symbols help us greatly in a situation when we don’t know the language of an area and therefore cannot ask someone for directions. We can collect information from maps with the help of these symbols.

Maps have a universal language, known and understood by all. There is an international agreement regarding the use of these symbols, which are known as conventional symbols.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
(b) Define rotation and revolution.
(c) What is a leap year?
(d) Differentiate between the summer solstice and winter solstice.
(e) What is an equinox?
(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience winter and summer solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?
(g) Why do the poles experience about six months’ day and six months’ night?
Answers:
(a) The angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 66 1/2.

(b) The movement of the earth on its axis is known as rotation.
‘ Revolution. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is known as revolution.

(c) The year in which February is of 29 days instead of 28 days is called a leap year. Thus a leap year is of 366 days instead of 365 days.

(d) Difference between the summer solstice and winter solstice

(e) Equinox is the position of the Earth on 21st March and 23rd September. Both the hemispheres experience equal days and nights.

• On 21st March in the Northern hemisphere, this position is the spring equinox. Autumn equinox is in the Southern hemisphere.
• In the Northern hemisphere on 23rd September the position of the Earth is Autumn equinox and in the Southern hemisphere, it is the Spring equinox.

(f) The Southern hemisphere experiences winter and summer solstice in different times than, that of the Northern hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• The southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun on 22nd December, hence summer solstice is there in the Southern hemisphere. At that time winter solstice is in the Northern hemisphere when it is away from the Sun.
• On the contrary, on 21 June the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun.
  Hence summer solstice is in the Northern hemisphere and winter solstice is in the Southern hemisphere.

(g) The poles experience six months’ day and six months’ night because of the following reasons:

• When the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, the North Pole remains in the light for the whole of the day (24 hours). This position remains for six months (from 21st March to 23rd September).
• On the contrary in the Southern hemisphere, the South Pole does not get light during these six months. Hence it experiences night for six months (from 23rd September to 21st March).
• When the Southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, the South Pole remains in light for 24 hours for six months from 23rd September to 21st March. The reverse is the conditions at the North Pole-six months’ night.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as
(i) Rotation (ii) Revolution (iii) Inclination.

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on
(i) 21 March (ii) 21 June (iii) 22 December.

(c) Christmas is celebrated in summer in
(i) Japan   (ii)India   (iii)Australia

(d) The cycle of the seasons is caused due to
(i) Rotation   (ii)Revolution  (iii)Gravitation

Answers:  (a)—(ii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. A leap year has ………… a number of days.
2. The daily motion of the earth is ……… ……
3. The earth travels around the sun in…………….
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of…………….. on 21st June.
5. Days are shorter during …………

Answer:

1. 366
2. rotation
3. elliptical
4. cancer
5. winter

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:

(i) The axis of the earth is a/an……………..
(a) imaginary line                              (b) straight line
(c) curved line                                   (d) real line.

(ii) The earth receives light from the ……………
(a) Moon                                          (b) Stars
(c) Meteors                                        (d) Sun.

(iii) The time taken by the earth to complete one rotation around its axis is…………………
(a) 24 hours                                        (b) 12 hours
(c) 36 hours                                       (d) 18 hours.

(iv) The earth completes one revolution in ……………
(a) 366 days                                        (b) 370 days
(c) 365 1/4 days                                (d) 366 1/4 days.

(v) It is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere on ………………………….
(a) 23rd September                          (b) 21st March
(c) 22nd December                          (d) 21st June.

Answer: (i)—(a), (ii)—(d), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(c), (v)—(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Days and nights occur due to ……………  of the earth.
2. Only half of the earth gets light from the sun at a time due to its……………. shape.
3. The period of rotation is known as the ……………..
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of…………….. on 22nd December.
5. On …………  it is autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer:

1. rotation
2. spherical
3. earth day
4. Capricorn
5. 23rd September.

III. True/False
Stale whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The axis of the earth makes an angle of 23V& with its orbital plane.
2. Every five years, February is of 29 days instead of 28 days.
3. Season changes due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.
4. When there is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
5. Life is not possible in extreme conditions.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True.

IV. Matching Skill

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Define the circle of illumination.
Answer: The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is known as the circle of illumination.

2. Which motion of the earth is associated with the changes in season?
Answer: Revolution.

3. Why do seasons change? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Seasons change due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun.

4. Why do the areas near the poles receive less heat?
Answer: It is because the rays of the sun are slanting on the poles.

5. When do the longest day and the shortest night occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer: On 21st June.

6. In which Hemisphere does Australia lie?
Answer: Australia lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

1. What would happen if the earth did not rotate? Imp.]
Answer: In such a condition the portion of the earth facing the sun would always experience day, and thus there would be continuous warmth in the region. At the same time, the other half would always remain dark and be freezing cold all the time. These are extreme conditions which are not suitable for life. Thus, we can say that if the earth did not rotate life would not have been possible.

2. How does leap year occur?      [V. Imp.]
Answer: The earth takes 36514 days Le. one year to complete one revolution around the sun. We consider a year as consisting of 365 days only and ignore six hours for our convenience. Six hours saved every year are added to make one day Le. 24 hours over a span of four years. This surplus day is added to the month of February. Thus every fourth year, February of 29 days instead of 28 days. Such a year with 366 days is called a leap year.

3. Explain the following with a diagram:
(a) Summer solstice                              (b) Winter solstice        (c) Equinox.

Answer: (a) Summer solstice. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun on 21st June. As the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, these areas receive more heat. But the size of the area to the poles receives less heat due to the slanting rays of the sun. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months.

Since a large area of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. These conditions are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere at this time. It is winter season there having longer nights and shorter days. This position of the earth is known as the summer solstice.

(b) Winter solstice. On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn, a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light. Hence, the Southern Hemisphere enjoys summer having longer days and shorter nights. This position of the earth is called the winter solstice.

(c) On 21st March and 23rd September direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun. As a result, the entire earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This phenomenon is known as an equinox.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes and Longitudes

1.  Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What is the true shape of the earth?
(b) What is the globe?
(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?
(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?
(f) Why does the Torrid Zone receive the maximum amount of heat?
(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m in India when it is 12.00 noon in London?
Answers:
(a) The true shape of the Earth is geoid-earth like shape. In other words, it is orange shaped.
(b) Globe. Globe is the three dimensional model of the earth.
(c) 2312° N.
(d) (i) Torrid Zone
(ii) Temperate Zone
(iii) Frigid Zone.
(e) Parallels of Latitudes and Meridians of Longitudes:
Parallels of Latitudes:
All the parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
Meridians of Longitudes:
All the semi-circles which join north pole to south pole are termed as meridians of longitudes.
(f) Torrid Zone receives the maximum amount of heat because of the following reasons:

• The Sun shines perpendicular between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn throughout the year.
• Perpendicular sun rays give more heat than slanting sun rays.

(g) It is 5.30 p.m. in India when it is 12.00 noon in London because of the following reasons:

• London is located at 0° longitude while the time of 8212° E longitude is taken as standard time in India.
• There is a difference of 8212 between the longitude of London and the Standard Meridian of India (8212 E).
• Time in India is ahead of London. It is 4 minutes ahead at every longitude towards east.
• Hence time in India is ahead of London by 5.30 hours (4 x 8212 = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours).

2. Tick the correct answer:

(a)The value of the prime meridian is
(i) 90°                                (ii) 0°                                     (iii) 60°

(b)The frigid zone lies near
(i) the Poles                             (ii) the Equator        (iii) the Tropic of Cancer

(c)The total number of longitudes are
(i) 360                                       (ii) 180                                             (iii) 90

(d) The Antarctic Circle is located in
(i) the Northern Hemisphere
(ii) the Southern Hemisphere
(iii) the Eastern Hemisphere

(e) Grid is a network of
(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole

Answers: (a)—(ii), (b)-(i),(c)-(i), (d)-(ii), (e)-(i).

• Remark: Actually the number of longitudes is infinite. We can draw longitudes of any degree value. We show in diagrams distinct longitudes just for our convenience, e.g. the number of longitudes can be 360 (shown at gap of 1 degree), 180 (shown at every 2 degrees), and so on—as we wish.

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at…………………..
2. The Standard Meridian of India is…………………..
3. The 0° Meridian is also known as…………………..
4. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards ……………………….
5. The Arctic Circle is located in the……………….

Answers:

1. 23 ¹/2° S
2. 82 ¹/2° E
3. Prime Meridian
4. Prime Meridian
5. Northern.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The globe and the earth are different in …………………..
(a) shape                                                    (b) size
(c) continents and oceans                      (d) none of these.

(ii)    The axis is parallel to the ………………….
(a) equator                                                   (b)     Prime  Meridian
(c) latitudes                                                  (d)    all of these.

(iii)  The Tropic of Cancer is located at …………………….
(a) 23 1/₂ ° N                                                 (b)     66 1/₂ ° N
(c) 23 1/₂ °S                                                (d)    66  1/₂ ° S.

(iv)  The heat zone with the coldest climate is the ……………………….
(a) Torrid Zone                                          (b) Northern Temperate Zone
(c) The Frigid Zones                                (d) either of the Temperate Zones.

(v) From the westernmost point to the easternmost point, the local times of India extend over a time difference of……………………
(a) no difference                                        (b) 30 minutes
(c) 1 hour                                                    (d) over 1 hour.

(vi) The time difference between Greenwich and India is …………………….
(a) no difference                                        (b) 3 hours
(c) 5 hours 30 minutes                             (d) 12 hours 30 minutes.

Answers:  (i)—(b), (ii)—(b), (iii)—(a), (iv)—(c), (v)—(d), (vi)—(c).

Fill in the Blanks:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given to complete each sentence:

1. Russia extends over………………… time zones.
2. As we move away from the equator, the size of the latitudes ……………………………
3. The poles fall in the……………..
4. To locate a point, we need to know its latitude, as well as……………………………
5. The British Royal Observatory is located in ………………………..  UK.
6. A hemisphere is one ……………..  of a sphere.
7. Latitudes and longitudes form a………………………
8. All places lying on the same …………………  have the same time.
9. When it is 7.30 pm on August 16 in Greenwich, it is………………………….. (time) on ……………(date) in Chennai.

Answers:

1. eleven
2. decreases
3. Frigid
4. longitude
5. Greenwich
6. half
7. grid
8. longitude
9. 1 am on August 17.

True/False:

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The axis of the earth is not actually tilted as depicted in a globe.
2. The equator is the 0-degree latitude.
3. The Prime Meridian is the 180-degree longitude.
4. More than half of India lies in the Frigid Zone.
5. The Tropic of Capricorn does not pass through India.
6. The two Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate.
7. The time at a place in the east of Greenwich is ahead of that in Greenwich,
8. The earth rotates from west to east.
9. The standard longitude for Indian time is the 64° longitude.

Answers:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False.

Matching Skill:

Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Globe Latitudes and Longitudes Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the globe?
Answer: Globe is a true model of the earth. It shows the earth in a small form.

2. What are the advantages of the globe? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The globe is small in shape, is convenient to carry and use, and depicts all features of the earth.

3. What are the two types of lines needed to locate any point on the earth’s surface? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Latitudes and longitudes are required to locate any point on the earth’s surface.

4. Define latitude.
Answer: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the Equator is called latitude.

5. Define longitude.
Answer: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the Prime Meridian is called longitude.

6. Which place is used as a standard for a time all over the world?
Answer: Greenwich in Britain is used as a standard for a time all over the world.

7. Geographically, what is the time difference between Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam? [Imp]
Answer: The time difference between Dwarka and Dibrugarh is of 1 hour 45 minutes.

8. A particular city lies in the time zone-2. What does this mean?
Answer: This means that the city’s local time is 2 hours behind Greenwich.

9. What does the time ‘12 noon’ signify at any place?
Answer: ‘12 noon’ refers to the time when the sun is at the highest point in the sky.

10. Which heat zone does the equator lie in?
Answer: The equator lies in the Torrid Zone.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

1. A cricket match begins at 10.30 am on January 10 in New Zealand (time zone of +12). TeU. the time in Greenwich when it is shown live on TV there.
Answer: New Zealand lies in time zone +12, Le. it is 12 hours ahead of Greenwich, or Greenwich is 12 hours behind New Zealand. So when it is 10.30 am on January 10 in New Zealand, it is 10.30 pm on January 9. So the cricket match will be telecast from 10.30 pm on Jan 9 in Greenwich.

2. Why do we have the concept of time zone? [V. Imp.]
Answer: The sun does not shine with the same intensity over all parts of the world at a particular time. If it is overhead at one place (midday), then it does not shine at all (midnight) at the place directly opposite to that place on the earth. So if we have the same time, then 12 noon will mean midday at one place, and midnight at another. To avoid such an awkward system, we have the system of time zones, so that everywhere a particular time means the same stage of the day.

3. Write a short note on Heat Zones. [Imp.]
Answer: Heat zones are the different zones of the earth, where the sun’s rays fall differently, thus causing different climate patterns. These zones are called the Torrid Zone, the two Temperate Zones, and the two Frigid Zones. The Torrid Zone is very hot since the sun shines overhead here. The Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate, and the Frigid Zones are extremely cold.

5.How do latitudes and longitudes help in locating a point? Why is only one of them insufficient in doing this?[V. Imp.]
Answer: Latitudes and longitudes form a grid. Two different points may lie on the same latitude or the same longitude. But there exists only one point where latitude and longitude intersect. So a point can be identified with the help of the latitude and longitude on which it lies.