Q.1.) Assertion(A):We consider globalisation as rapid growth of global trade in the last 50 years.
Reason(R): But globalisation has a long history which emerged with centuries of trade, migration and voyages.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.2.) Assertion(A): From ancient times groups like travellers, traders, priests,and pilgrims have travelled vast distances .
Reasons(R): These journeys were for the purposes like knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfilment etc.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.3.) Assertion(A): Indus valley had no active foreign trade.
Reason(R): For more than a millenium cowries, the currency has been found in China and East Africa.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q.4.) Assertion(A): Pre-modern trade and cultural exchange existed between distant regions .
Reason(R) Chinese silk was transported through silk routes to western world.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.5.) Assertion(A): In ancient times there was a flow of precious metals from Europe to Asia.
Reason(R): Chinese pottery, Indian textiles and spices were sold to Africa and Europe.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.6.) Assertion(A): Travellers brought new crops to faraway lands they travelled to.
Reason(R): Food is a great example of cultural exchange along with distant trade.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.7.) Assertion(A): Common food items of today like potatoes, soya, tomatoes, maize, chillies, etc were not known in India five centuries ago.
Reason(R): Christopher Columbus had not discovered India yet, so they didn’t travel through with voyagers.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.8.) Assertion(A): There have been instances where new crops make the difference between life and death.
Reason(R): Europe’s poor began dependent on potatoes and when disease destroyed potato crops in the 1840s, thousands of Irish died because of starvation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.9.) Assertion(A): The pre-modern world became shrinked due to discovery of sea routes to Asia and Western ocean to America in the 16th century .
Reason(R): Before the sixteenth century there was no form of trade in the Indian ocean.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.10.) Assertion(A): Discovery of America resulted in transformation of trade, life and abundance of wealth for Europeans.
Reason(R): The Americas had vast lands, minerals, silver and gold which enhanced European trade.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.11.) Assertion(A): European colonisation and conquest of America was possible only because of their superior firepower .
Reason(R): Europeans such as the Spanish brought germs like ‘Smallpox’, to which American inhabitants had not developed immunity against which caused their perish.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q.12.) Assertion(A): Thousands migrated to America from Europe in the nineteenth century era.
Reason(R): Poverty, hunger and deadly diseases were widespread in European cities during the nineteenth century.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.13.) Assertion(A): Until the eighteenth century China and India were one of the world’s richest countries .
Reason(R): Europe was emerging as a center of world trade due to slavery, plantations and colonisation of America .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.14.) Assertion(A): Economists classify three types of movement or flows in international economics and trade- flow of trade, flow of labour and flow of capital.
Reason(R): These three flows were distinct in the nineteenth century and there was no interconnection between them.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.15.) Assertion(A): Britain in the nineteenth century was self-sufficient in food and was keen on homegrown food crops.
Reason(R): The British government brought laws which banned import of corn but they were scrapped due to protest from urbaners and the poor, because food could be imported more cheaply than produced in Britain.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q.16.) Assertion(A): Thousands of men and women were migrating to cities in nineteenth century Britain .
Reason(R): British agriculture couldn’t compete with imports which left rural lands uncultivated and workers unemployed.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.17.) Assertion(A): Around the world lands were cleared and food production was expanded to meet the British demand.
Reason(R): Railways and new harbours were also developed to link agricultural regions to ports for transporting food cargoes quickly.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.18.) Assertion(A): Around 50 million people emigrated from Europe to America and Australia in the 19th century.
Reason(R): Huge amount of labour was required in these places to cultivate and meet demands.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.19.) Assertion(A): By 1890 a global agricultural economy was at place.
Reason(R): The agricultural products were transported and sold around the world.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.20.) Assertion(A): British Indian government built a network of irrigation canals in Punjab, India.
Reason(R): These Canal Colonies were a way to transport water to semi-desert areas and make them wheat and cotton fields for export by the British .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.21.) Assertion(A): Between 1820 to 1914 world trade grew 25 to 40 times.
Reason(R): Almost 60 percent of it was primary products such as wheat, cotton, minerals etc.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.22) Assertion(A): Colonisation in the nineteenth century brought new investments in transport and gave advancements like railways, light waggons and large ships.
Reason(R):Technological advances in the nineteenth century were linked with larger social, economic and political factors .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.23.) Assertion(A): Meat was available in abundant amounts for every class of Europe till the 1870s.
Reason(R): Until the 1870s animals were shipped live from America in which many died, fell ill or lost weight, causing high prices of meat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q.24.) Assertion(A): The poor in Europe had now access to meat after refrigerated ships.
Reason(R) Instead of live animals, slaughtered meat was transported from the starting point in frozen form which lessened the shipping costs and its prices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.25.) Assertion(A): The expansion of trade was prosperous and beneficial for every part of the world during the nineteenth century.
Reason(R): Rapid growth of the world economy meant some people had to lose their basic freedoms and livelihoods due to Colonisation and consequent changes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q26) Assertion(A): In 1885, Africa was carved by European powers at Berlin into their respective territories .
Reason(R): In the African continent some countries’ borders run straight.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q27) Assertion(A): Late nineteenth century was an era of mass colonisation by wealthy and powerful nations.
Reason(R): Britain and France expanded their overseas colonies, Belgium and Germany started colonising foreign regions and the US also started colonisation of other regions in the late nineteenth century.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q28) Assertion(A): Sir Henry Morton Stanley’s expeditions in Africa were a key in the conquest of Africa by Europeans and Americans.
Reason(R): Stanley resided in Africa for years who recorded his experience with local tribes, investigated terrains,and mapped regions of Africa.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q29) Assertion(A): The fast spreading cattle plague or rinderpest caused havoc in Africa which was a result of European colonisation.
Reason(R): They all had a single aspiration and united meaning of Swaraj as their call of movement.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q30) Assertion(A): In the late nineteenth century there was a great rush of Europeans to Africa.
Reason(R): Europeans were attracted by Africa’s vast land resources which they could use for plantation and mines.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q 31) Assertion(A): Europeans faced a shortage of labour in Africa when they first started colonising the continent.
Reason(R): With vast land resources and small population, livestock and land sustained life and Africans didn’t work for a wage for consumer goods .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q32) Assertion(A): European employers used methods like heavy taxes, inheritance laws to push Africans into the labour market .
Reason(R): Europeans brought with them a catastrophic disease in terms of rinderpest. .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q33) Assertion(A): Africans were forced into labour after the 1890s due to loss of cattle.
Reason(R): Rinderpest killed 90 percent of cattle in Africa from it’s arrival in the 1880s to the end of the nineteenth century.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.34) Assertion(A): Indentured labour means bonded labour for an employer for a specific time period to pay their passage to a new country or region .
Reason(R): Indentured labour migrated from other parts of the world to China and India.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.35) Assertion(A): Most Indian labourers who turned indenture were from regions of UP, Bihar, Central India,and dry parts of Tamilnadu.
Reasons(R): These regions faced decline of cottage industries,rise in land rents and growth of mines which affected the lives of the poor.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.36.) Assertion(A): Nineteenth century indenture has also been termed as ‘new system of slavery’ .
Reason(R): Workers were often lied to about their voyage, work conditions, pay and uppm arrival they witnessed harsh living-working conditions, no legal rights to protect themselves.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.37) Assertion(A): The form of cultural fusion around the world is a unique characteristic of the making of the global world.
Reason(R) Most indentured workers stayed in foreign regions even after their contracts ended .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.38) Assertion(A): India also had a banking system via many groups of bankers and traders facilitating export and long-distance trade.
Reason(R): They either used their own funds or borrowed from European banks to transfer money over large distances.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.39) Assertion(A): India had been the greatest exporter of fine cotton to Europe but after industrialisation the inflow of Indian cotton declined.
Reason(R): British cotton manufacturers and industrialists pressured the government to protect local industries which resulted in high taxes on imports of cloth to Britain.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q40.) Assertion(A): India’s exports had a share of cotton textiles around 30% in 1800 which declined to 15% by 1815 and to 3% by the 1870s.
Reason(R): Britishers put high tariffs on import of Indian cloth and its machine made cloth gave stiff competition to indian textiles in international markets .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q41.) Assertion(A): Britain grew opium in China and exported it to India.
Reason(R): Britain used money earned from opium exported to finance its tea and other products it imported from China.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q42.) Assertion(A): India played a crucial role in giving surplus profits to Britain during multilateral trade of the late nineteenth century.
Reason(R): Value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India, which Britain gave a surplus to balance its deficits.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q43) Assertion(A): The first world war was the first modern industrial war.
Reason(R): There were 9 million dead and 20 million injured with the use of industrial arms.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q44.) Assertion(A): In Europe household incomes declined after the war.
Reason(R): The injuries and deaths in the first world war left few able-bodied workforce around Europe, which resulted in lesser earners in a family.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q45.) Assertion(A): The first world war transformed the US from being an international creditor to an International debtor.
Reason(R): Large economic powers of Europe fought each other for pay and powers like Britain had to borrow large amounts of money from the US banks and the US public.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
Q.46.) Assertion(A): In 1921 one in every five British workers was out of work.
Reason(R): Agricultural economies of Europe declined meanwhile Canada, America and Australia expanded their international share.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.47.) Assertion(A): There was a great depression around 1929 to mid 1930s.
Reason(R): Several factors caused this depression, which mainly can be attributed to constantly falling agriculture prices due to overproduction and US lenders panicking .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.48.) Assertion(A): During the great depression Indian exports and imports also halved and prices fell down.
Reason(R): In the early twentieth century the global economy had become interconnected and had integrated effects of crisis in one part to everywhere else.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.49.) Assertion (A): The world post second world war saw the emergence of the Soviet Union as the new world power.
Reason(R) Soviet Union had sacrificed its agricultural identity to defeat Germany and gained power while capitalist countries were struck in the Great Depression.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.50.) Assertion(A): In the post war era economists drew two conclusions, first being that mass production can’t sustain without mass consumption and second being that the goal of full employment is possible with government control over flow of goods, capital and labour.
Reason(R): Inter war economic experiences saw there was a need for more consumption and markets can guarantee full employment and demand for it.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.51) Assertion(A): Brenton Woods conference was held in July 1944 in New Hampshire, USA .
Reason(R): Economists realised the aim of maintaining stability and full employment, whose framework was to be established in the conference.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q52) Assertion(A): The IMF and World Bank are referred to as Brenton Woods twins .
Reason(R): Brenton Woods with the goal of stabilising the global economy and balancing trade established the IMF and the World Bank for finance.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q53) Assertion(A): Era after 1950s saw growth and stabilisation in world trade and Incomes.
Reason(R): Developing countries were in a rush to be on par with developed countries in this era.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q54) Assertion(A): Post colonial era saw independent nations in Africa and Asia which were burdened by poverty and handicapped economic conditions.
Reason(R): Effects of the second world war and draining of resources by European colonial rule crippled their economies .
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q55) Assertion(A): India, China and Brazil have undergone slump economic transformation with China being one of the most desired destinations of foreign investment and MNCs.
Reason(R): These developing countries offered low-wages and low-costs which stimulated world trade and capital flows.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. d
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