NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 12 | POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-B POLITICS IN INDIA NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION | CHAPTER- 17 | REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 17 REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-B POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS

Question 1.
Why did the movement for secession in the Mizo hills area gain popular support? How was the problem resolved?
Answer:
The movement for succession in the Mizo hills area gain popular support due to following reasons:

1. Some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and therefore did not belong to the Indian Union.
2. The movement for succession gained popular support only after the Assam Government failed to respond adequately to the great famine of 1959 in Mizo hills.
3. The Mizo’s anger led to the formation of the Mizo National Front (MNF) under the leadership of Laldenga.

Question 2.
What was the main outcome of the Rajiv Gandhi Longowal Accord in July 1985?
Answer:
The outcomes of Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord were :

• Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab.
• A separate commission will be set-up to resolve the border dispute between Punjab and Haryana.
• A tribunal would be set up to decide the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
• Compensation and better treatment of those affected by the militancy in Punjab.
• Withdrawal of the Application of Armed Forces Special Powers Act in Punjab.

Question 3.
Explain the rise of political violence in the North-Eastern part of India.
Answer:
Following reasons are responsible for the rise of political violence in the North-Eastern part of India :

1. The large scale migration into North-East gave rise to a special kind of problem that pitted the ‘local’ communities against poeple who were seen as ‘outsiders’ or migrants.
2. These latecomers, either from India or abroad are seen as encroachers onscarce resources like land and potential competitors to employment opportunities and political power.
3. These issues have taken political and sometimes violent form in many states of the North-East.

Question 4.
Describe the advantages of the democratic approach to the question of diversity in uniting a large country like India.
Answer:
Since, 1980s, problems became more noticeable and tension and turmoil created and tested the strength of democracy to deal with aspirations of diverse groups.
Following lessons that we have been learnt are :

1. It is not possible to keep away regional aspirations in a democracy.
2. The best way to deal with regional aspirations is through democratic negotiation not by armed suppression.
3. Having democratic structure is not sufficient, share in power at the state level by regional groups and parties is also important.
4. The fourth lesson deals with economic development of various states/region imbalance in development could raise the feeling of discrimination.
5. The final lesson is the farsighteness of Constitution makers who put effective provisions in Constitution for dealing with the question of diversity.

The federal structure adopted by India is flexible in nature. Each state is vested with same powers and special powers are granted to Jammu and Kashmir and the North-Eastern states.

Question 5.
Describe the story of Goa’s liberation from the Portuguese to its becoming a state of the Indian Union.
Answer:
The process of Goa’s liberation and becoming a state of the Indian Union are following :

1. Despite the end of British Empire from India in 1947, Portuguese refused to withdraw from the territories of Goa, Diu and Daman.
2. After India’s independence, the Indian Government tried very patiently to persuade the Portuguese government to withdraw.
3. After a strong popular movement in December 1961, the Government of India sent the army which liberated it. Goa, Diu and Daman became Union Territory.
4. In 1967, an ‘Opinion Poll’ was held in Goa and the majority voted in favour of remaining outside of Maharashtra.
5. Thus, Goa continued as a Union Territory. Finally, in 1987, Goa became a state of the Indian Union.

Question 6.
Describe the internal-external disputes responsible for making the politics of Jammu and Kashmir continuously controversial.
Answer:
Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh are three social and political regions comprised in Jammu and Kashmir. They are follows:

• Kashmir region Population comprises mostly Muslims. The Kashmir valley is heart of it, Kashmiri language is prominent language of the region Hindus are minority.
• Jammu region It is a mix of foot hills and plains. Consists of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. Various languages are spoken.
• Ladakh region It is mountainous and sparsely populated. Population consist of equal number of Muslims and Buddhists.

When Hari Singh (The then King of Jammu and Kashmir) agreed to merge Jammu and Kashmir with India in 1948. Special status was given to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370.

This article provides special status to Jammu and Kashmir which provide it autonomy in many areas. No law of Indian Parliament will be effective unless it is approved by the State Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. This special provision were given by Indian Government in pursuing the path of democratic negotiation to solve the Kashmir issue.

Question 7.
Briefly describe the story of Sikkim from the time of India’s independence to its merger with India,

Answer:
The story of Sikkim from the time of India’s independence to its merger with India is following :

• At the time of independence, Sikkim was a ‘protectorate’ of India. It meant that while it was not a part of India, it was also not a fully sovereign country.
• Sikkim’s monarch was Chogyal who was unable to deal with the democratic aspirations of the people.
• The Chogyal was seen as perpetuating the rule of a small elite from the minority Lepch Bhutia community.
• The anti Chogyal leaders of both the communities sought and got support from the Government of India.
• The first assembly of Sikkim which was elected in 1974 were swept by Sikkim Congress and it sought the status of ‘associate state’ and the in April 1975 passed a resolution asking for full integration with India.
• After an organised referendum Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union.

Question 8.
Describe the role of EV Ramasami ‘Pariyar’ in the Dravid movement and formation of Dravida Kazhagam (DK). Why did the DK get split and enter into politics as DMK?
Answer:
Dravidian movement was a regional movement under leadership of EV Ramasami Naickar also known as Periyar. He played following role in this movement:

• He was a strong supporter of atheism and was famous for his anti-caste struggle and rediscovery of Dravidian identity.
• Initially he was a worker of the Congress Party and started the self-respect movement in 1925.
• He led the anti-Brahmin movement and worked for the justice party and later founded Dravidar KazhagAnswer:
• He opposed to Hindi and domination of North India.
• He propounded the thesis that North Indians and Brahmins are Aryans

The DK split because the Dravidian movement initially spoke in terms of the whole of South India, however lack of support from other states limited the movement to Tamil Nadu. The DMK made its entry into politics with a three-pronged agitation in 1953-54.

Question 9.
Describe any two secessionist movements of North-East India.
Answer:
Two secessionist movements of North-East India are-Assam movement and Mizo movement.

Assam Movement
The Assam, North-Eastern state had seen many changes since independence. States like Mizoram, Meghalaya, Arunachal Predesh had been carved out of it.

The Assamese had a unique culture of their own. But the culture was suspected to be harmed because of the huge number of immigrants from Bangladesh.

To tackle those immigrants and to avoid the mixing of the culture with those of outsiders they launched a movement popularly known as the Assam movement.

Yes, the Assam movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic backwardness. It is justified from the following arguments :

1. The outsiders had a deep effect on the local economy. The Assam was suffering from poverty and unemployment because of these immigrants.
2. In spite of being a part of India, Assam was isolated and developmental work was not as functional as they were in any other part of the country.
3. Economy was already at stake but the immigrants made it even worse.

Assamese had to face dual problem of cultural preservation and economic degradation. All Assam student union formed in 1979 led a struggle against these immigrates in order to save their culture.

Question 10
“Ail regional movements need not lead to the separatist demands”. Explain the statement by giving suitable examples.
Answer:
Regional movement need to be understood in the light of democratic politics. Expression of regional issue is not an abnormal phenomena. Even in smaller countries regional aspirations sprang up.

It does not mean that these regional movement want a separate state for themselves. Regional movements want to create a more autonomous state within the framework of parent country.

The best example of Regional movement could be drawn from our country only. Demand for autonomy arose when the non-Assamese felt that the Assam Government was imposing Assamese language on them protest raised up in whole state and leaders of various tribal communities wanted to separate from AssAnswer: Eastern India Tribal Union was formed which later transformed into All Party Hill Leader Conference in 1960.

The demand of separate state picked up momentum and instead of a single state several states were carved out by Central Government at different points of time. Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh is carved out ot AssAnswer: So, regional demands need not lead to separatist demands in normal cases.