NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION CLASS – 12 | POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-B POLITICS IN INDIA NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTION | CHAPTER- 16 | RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENTS | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 16 RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENTS NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 POLITICAL SCIENCE PART-B POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON RISE OF POPULAR MOVEMENTS

Question 1.
Describe any six advantages of popular movements,
Answer:
When a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals is called popular movement. The advantages or lessons learnt from popular movements are :

1. These movements help us to understand better the nature of democratic politics.
2. These movements came up to rectify some problems in the functioning of party politics and should be seen as integral part of our democratic politics.
3. These movements represented new social groups whose economic and social grievances were not redressed in the realm of electoral politics.
4. Popular movements ensured effective representation of diverse groups and their demands.
5. Popular movements suggested new forms of active participation and thus broadened the idea of participation in Indian democracy.
6. Some of the critics of these movements often argue that collective actions like strikes, sit-ins and rallies disrupt the functioning of the government, delay decision-making and destabilise the routines of democracy.

Question 2.
Who were Dalit Panthers? Describe their main activities.
Answer:
Dalit panthers was a militant organisation formed by Dalit Youth in Maharashtra in 1972. Dalit Panthers came up as a part of the assertions by Dalits. Dalits were facing atrocities and humiliation by upper section of society from a long time.

In early 1970s, the first generation Dalit graduates, decided to protest against such unaccepted behaviour of society towards them and their main activities were as follows:

1. They demanded several things which were guaranteed to them, but never implemented such as policy of reservation, guaranteed to them never came into implementation effectively. Their prior demand was to implement those policies which were formed for their betterment by government.
2. After the prohibition of practice of untouchability by government such practices did not vanish from the society. Dalits continued to face humiliation. Their demand was to eradicate such evil practices.
3. Dalit’s women were worst victim of such activities by upper caste men. Dalit panthers seeked help of Republican Party of India, but ramained marginalised.

Dalit panthers decided to gain support of masses, so as to make their voice strong enough. The larger ideological agenda of the panthers was to destroy the caste system and to build an organisation of all oppressed sections.

Question 3.
Describe any six factors which made the farmers’ movement run by Bhartiya Kisan Union as the most successful popular movement.
Answer:
The well-established farmers of Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana agitated against the rising price of electricity. They later formed Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU). The BKU was one of the leading farmers organisation.

For main demands of BKU is following were the major demands put forwards by the BKU (any four) :

• Higher government floor price for sugarcane and wheat.
• Abolition of restriction on the inter state movement of farm produce.
• Guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable rates.
• Waiving of repayment due on loans to farmers.
• Provision of a government pension for farmers.

Six factors which made the farmers movement run by Bhartiya Kisan Union as the most successful popular movement are :

1. The BKU organised rallies, demonstration, sit-ins and Jail Bharo Aandolan.
2. The success of BKU lies in the method of organisation adopted by it. BKU used the caste linkage to mobilise the people.
3. BKU was an informal organisation, but it sustained for a long time and remained stable because it was based on clan network.
4. BKU was a non-political organisation, but operated as pressure group in politics with its strength of sheer numbers.
5. The organisation across states did manage to get some of their economic demands accepted.
6. It encouraged individuals to raise themselves to political powers independently.

So, that party in power could be challenged and their demands could be better accepted.

Question 4.
What is Sardar Sarovar Project? Which benefits are expected to be if the project becomes successful? Also, state the issues of relocation and rehabilitation associated with it.
Answer:
Sardar Sarovar project was a multipurpose dam project under which many dams were planned to be constructed. It was proposed to be constructed on Narmada river and its tributaries flowing through three states Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

But a movement called Narmada Bachao Aandolan was launched to save Narmada. It opposed the construction of dam and the nature of development was also questioned.
Two major dams were to be constructed under the project. They were Sardar Sarovar project (Gujarat) and Narmada Sagar project (Madhya Pradesh).

Due to following reasons, this project was criticised :

1. The project was criticised by many environmentalist and people who were supposed to suffer out of it. The question of their rehabilitation came prior to the minds 245 villages were estimated to get submerged in those three states.
2. Narmada Bachao Aandolan’s activist claimed that the local people’s right were sacrificed for the sake of benefits of others in which they had no profit.

They also question the decision-making process that go in the making of these projects and insist that local communities should also have a say in the making of these projects. Dispute between local people and government continued for a long time.

Question 5.
Describe the issues associated with the Anti-arrack movements in Andhra Pradesh which drew the attention of the entire country.
Answer:
Anti-arrack movement It is a movement against consumption of local alcohol called arrack by the men in families. Women were the major participants as well as victim of this movement. The ill efects of arrack ruined the family economy and heavy burden of domestic voilence was borne by women. Women gathered from nearby villages and realised that they were not the only one who were going through this misery. The condition was same in other families too.

They decided to discuss the issues outside their houses. They made in a public issue. Personal problem became public. It was the first time when private matters of families were discussed publically.

For issues which made the Anit-Arrack movement as a women’s movement two issues which made the Anti-arrack movement as a women’s movement are :

1. Domestic voilence was a major issue raised by these women. Unequal treatment and injustice to women was common all over the country.
2. Agitation raised on a local issue in a small village reached to urban areas with the beginning of the protest, the demands intensified. Women asked for reservation in political offices and after some time 73rd and 74th amendments were introduced to the Construction granting reservation to women in local politics.

Question 6.
Describe the journey of the movement for Right to Information which ultimately culminated into an act i.e. RTI Act, 2005.
Answer:
The journey of the movement for Right to Information which culminated into an act i.e.
RTI Act, 2005 is following:

1. The movement started in 1990, when a mass based organisation called the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in Rajasthan took the initiative in demanding records of famine relief work and accounts of labourers.
2. The demand was first raised in Shim Tehshil in a very backward region of Rajasthan.
3. In 1994 and 1996, the MKSS organised Jan Sunwais or Public Hearings, where the administration was asked to explain its stand in public.
4. In 1996 MKSS formed National Council for People’s Right to information in Delhi to raise RTI to the status of a national campaign.
5. In 2002, a weak freedom of Information Act was legislated but never came into force.
6. In 2004, RTI Bill was tabled and received presidential assent in June 2005.

Question 7.
Suppose you are an important leader of the farmers’ agitation. The government authorities ask you to present any three demands on behalf of the farmers. On priority basis, which three demands will you make? Support your demands with appropriate arguments.
Answer:
As a farmers’ leader, I will present following three demands on behalf of the farmers, before government:

1. Insurance to crop Indian agriculture is dependent on monsoon, which is unpredictable and risky, The nature of Indian climate pose high risk to crops. In that cases, I will demand to give insurance to crops.
2. Easy availability of loans Throughout the history of Indian agriculture the farmers have remained a subject to indebtedness. I will demand the government to make easy provisions of agricultural loan at low interests.
3. Minimum support price After harvest farmers get a non-profitable price in local markets. I will demand the government to give assistance by giving them minimum support price.

Question 8.
What is meant by Chipko movement? When did it start and where? What is the significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment?
Answer:
In 1973, a village of Uttar Pradesh now Uttarakhand protested against the commercial logging of trees. They were against the government’s permission given to outsiders on the trees grown on their land. To prevent trees from cutting people used to hug them and this unique way of protest became popular as Chipko movement.

It spread to the nearly villages of Uttarakhand when forest department refused locals to use ash trees for making agricultural tools and granted the same piece of land to a commercial sports manufacturer. Thus, the movement intensified.

For significance of this movement in the conservation of the environment is two positive aspect of the Chipko movement:

1. Participation by women People gathered in large number and women participation was unique to it. It was first time since independence that participation by women in large number was noticed.
2. Environmental movement Chipko movement was the first of its kind movement after independence which showed concern about environment. This movement is first movement which shows direct people participation in mass level.

Question 9.
Mention any three social movements of India. Explain their main objectives.
Answer:
Three social movements of India and their main demands are

1. Dalit Panthers Dalit Panthers was a militant organisation of the Dalit youth which was formed in Maharashtra in 1972,
   Objectives
   • To destroy the caste system.
   • To build an organisation of all oppressed sections like the landless poor peasants and urban industrial workers along with Dalits.
2. Bhartiya Kisan Union It was an organisation of farmers from Western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana regions.
   Objectives
   • To demand higher government floor prices for sugarcane and wheat.
   • To demand abolition of restrictions on the inter-state movement of farm produce, guaranteed supply of electricity at reasonable prices etc.
3. Narmada Bachao Movement It was a movement to save Narmada river and against construction of dam on it. Objectives
   1. To appose the construction of dAnswer:
   2. To question the nature of ongoing developmental projects in the country.

Question 10.
What are popular movements? Explain any three issues related to women which brought social awareness amongst them.
Answer:
When group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals is called popular movement. Three issues related to women which brought social awareness amongst them are :

• Issue of gender discrimination. These issues were very complicated in nature.
• Issue of domestic violence. The custom of dowry, sexual abuse at work and public places.
• Issues of sexual violence. These issues are highlighted by different women movements in order to bring gender equality.