CHAPTER 6: Citizenship NCERT SOLUTION CLASS 11TH Political Science | EDUGROWN NOTES

Short Answer Type Question:

Q1. Citizenship as full and equal membership of a political community involves both rights and obligations. Which rights could citizens expect to enjoy in most democratic state today? What kind of obligation will they have to their state and fellow citizens?
Answer
The rights that citizens are expected to enjoy in most democratic state today are some political
rights like the right to vote, civil rights like the freedom of speech or belief, and some socio-economic rights which could include the right to a minimum wage, or the right to education.
There are legal and moral obligations on citizens to participate in and contribute to the shared life of the community as well as the state. Citizens are also considered to be the inheritors and trustees of the culture and natural resources of the country.
Q2. All citizens may be granted equal rights but all may not be able to equally exercise them. Explain.
Answer
All citizens may be granted equal rights but all may not be able to equally exercise them because
• Differences in their economic and social position.
• Differences in their opinions, choices, interests.
• Lack of information and awareness
• Corruption in government framework

Q3. Write a short note on any two struggles for full enjoyment of citizen rights which have taken place in India in recent years. Which rights were being claimed in each case?

Answer
https://9b12eb40f35359b0072a687c8cb7a0ef.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.htmlNarmada Bachao Andolan is a protest against a large number of dams being contrasted near Narmada river because the dam will flood the area and people will get displaced. This brought a large number of adivasis, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists together.  The movement force the government to stop the work at the dam and directing the concerned states to first complete the rehabilitation and replacement process. Later, Court allowed the construction to proceed, subject to conditions. In this movement, right to shelter, food and security were being claimed.
Nirbhaya Movement is protest against the 2012 Delhi rape case which forced the people to came out on streets in several parts of the country. The movement also created a stir in social media where people changed their display picture to a black dot and tens of thousands of people signed a petition protesting the incident. Taking the movement into consideration, the government at the centre and various states announced several steps to ensure the safety of women. In this case, right to security and against sex discrimination were being claimed.

Q4. What are some of the problems faced by refugees? In what ways could the concept of global citizenship benefit them?

Answer
Some of the problems that are faced by refugees are:
• Problem of shelter
• Problem of food
• Problem of their children’s education
• Problem of employment opportunities
• They don’t have citizenship and any rights.
The concept of global citizenship would be beneficial for refugees as this make it easier to deal with problems which extend across national boundaries and which therefore need cooperative action
by the people and governments of many states. It ensures refugees basic rights and protection regardless of the country in which they may be living.

Q5. Migration of people to different regions within the country is often resisted by the local inhabitants. What are some of the contributions that the migrants could make to the local economy?
Answer
Some of the contributions that the migrants could make to the local economy are:
• They increase the labour force of the country which decrease the labour cost.
• They bring new techniques and technology which is helpful in doing work faster and effectively.
• They pay taxes in which they are living.

Long Answer Type Questions :

Q1.How can we classify rights?
Answer:
Rights can be classified into the following two types:
(a) Moral rights are our moral senses which cannot be demanded or cannot be forced. Even if moral rights are violated, no legal action can be taken, i.e. to make children educated to look after parents, etc.
(b) Legal rights are recognized by the state which are enforceable and can be classified as:

• Civil rights help to lead a secured social life, i.e. right to life and education.
• Political rights are given to the citizens by the state, i.e. right to contest election, right to vote, right to hold any public office, etc.
• Economic rights include right to work, to rest, to housing, to buy own property in any part of country and to possess any job or profession in the country.

Q2.Explain some political rights of the citizens.
Answer:
Political rights are given to the citizens to participate in the affairs of the state:

• Right to vote is the most important political right to participate in the formation of government without any discrimination, i.e. every citizen in the age of 18 years and above enjoys the right to vote.
• Every voter enjoys the right to contest elections, i.e. right to be elected as a representatives on the attainment of 25 years of age.
• All the citizens are eligible to hold public offices equally, i.e. on one can be discriminated on the ground of colour, language, religion, caste, etc.
• Every citizen enjoys the right to address petitions of complaints to the competent authorities, i.e. people’s grievance can be redressed by the government.
• Citizens can enjoy the right to form political parties also at their own.
• The citizens are provided the right to equality before law, i.e. equal opportunities are available to one and all without any discrimination on any ground.

Q3.Explain some civil rights of its citizens.
Answer:
Civil rights are as follows:

• The life of an individual is considered the property of state also as its human resource. Hence, it protects the life of individual also by providing the right to life. To commit suicide or to murder has been declared punishable offence.
• The citizens are allowed to enjoy the right to personal liberty. Hence, no individual can be arrested arbitrarily and cannot be deprived of his life, liberty and property without a breach of law established in an ordinary court of law.
• The citizens enjoy the right to equality in all spheres in a democratic state, i.e. all individuals should enjoy equal opportunities and nobody should be discriminated on any ground.
• Every individual enjoys the right to move freely in any part of country and to reside also in any part of the territory. No one can be compelled to leave one place without one’s own will.
• Every citizen in a state exercises the right to freedom of thought and expression, i.e. writing, speaking, free expression of opinion and even to criticise the governmental policies, etc.
• The citizens are provided with the freedom to form social, economic, political and cultural association. The state cannot interfere in the functioning of these associations, i.e. trade unions, commercial associations, etc.