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NCERT Most Important Question & Solutions For Class-10 Ch 1 Development (Economics)| Extra Question

The start of class 10 marks the beginning of the foundation for class 11 and class 12. It is very important study the basics in order to understand each and every chapter properly. In this page, we have provided all the important question for cbse class 10 that could be asked in the examination. Students also need to study the ncert solutions for class 10 in order to gain more knowledge and understanding the lessons. Questions and Answers are way to learn the new things in a proper way. NCERT textbooks downloads for class 10 in pdf are also available for the students if they need more help. By downloading these books, they can study from it. Our experts also prepared revision notes for class 10 so that students should see the details of each and every chapters. Class 10 important questions are the best to revise all the chapters in the best way.

1.What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of development? 

 
Answer
 
Development refers to progress or improvement in lifestyle. Important aspects of development are: 
• Different persons can have different developmental goals. 
• What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for others.
 
2. What is Sustainable Development? Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain.
 
Answer 
 
Sustainable Development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Economic development is a continuous process. Resources are to be used in such a way that they are not exploited. At the same time development should not harm the environment. 
• It is desirable because everyone would certainly like the present level of development to go further or at least be maintained for the future generations.
 
3. Write the importance of human development index in three points.
 
Answer
 
Human Development Index is published by the UNDP. 
• It indicates the level of development of a country. 
• The report provide information about the different welfare elements such as education levels, health status and literacy level of a country.
• It also provide information about the per capita income of a country.
 
4. Describe any three features of developed country. 
 
Answer
 
• As per the World Bank Report 2016, any country with per capita income of US$ 12,236 per annum and above is termed as rich or developed country.
• Such countries have high literacy rate.
• Most of the people of these countries are engaged in service sector.
 
5. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other.’ Explain by giving examples.
 
Answer
 
• Industrialists may want more dams to get more electricity. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced – such as tribals.
• A farmers wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a low earning perosn wants to purchase it at low prices.
• More wages means development for a worker, but it affect negatively a businessman.
 
 
6. What are the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer

The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per capital income. Per capital income is calculated by dividing total income of a country to total population of that particular country. Because each country has different population rate, the World Bank cannot take national income for classifying different countries. There are some limitations of this criterion.
• We cannot compare other distribution of income for classifying different countries.
• Other factors also necessary for judging economic condition of different countries. Like, literacy rate, Infant Mortality Rate etc. Therefore, only per capita income in not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare different countries.

7. What is Per Capita Income? Why is “Per Capita Income” not an adequate indicator of economic development of a country? Explain. 

Answer  

Per capita income is the total income of the country divided by its total population
It is not an adequate indicator because:
• It does not tell us how this income is distributed. Per Capita Income might not be the income of every individual in the state.
• Life expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate are other important criteria for measuring development.
• Education and literacy level are other indicators of development.
• Pollution free environment, less corruption, gender equality etc. are also important.
 
8.Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Answer

We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. This does not show distribution of thing between people. For an example, if a country has very high per capita income then we can’t say that citizen living in that country are very rich because we are not knowing about the distribution of wealth in that country. Some people might be richer while other people are very poorer in that country.
 
9.Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

Answer

The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy. Other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.
 
10.Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Answer

The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.
 
11.List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answers
Few examples of environmental degradation:
→ Deforestation
→ Soil erosion
→ Falling levels of ground water
→ Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
→ Water Pollution
 
12.How to Compare Different Countries or States?
 
→ We can compare different countries or state on the basis of per capital income.
 
→ We cannot take national income to compare different countries because each country has different population rate.
 
→ Per capita income is calculated by dividing total income of a country to total population of that particular country.
 
→ Per capita income of a country shows the standard of living of the citizens of that particular company.
 
→ A country with higher per capita income is more developed than others with less per capita income.
 
13. Define Sustainability of Development
 
→ Sustainable Development refers to development of human with at the same time sustaining the ability of natural system.
 
→ It is helpful to fulfils the needs of the human being without harming the ability of the future generation.
 
→ For sustainable development, we have to use non-renewable resources like carbon based originally designed fuel for the quantity how much we needed.
 
→ Some renewable resources like groundwater will take long time for replenished. So, we should use that resource in finite quantity.
 
• Infant Mortality Ratio: Infant Mortality Ratio indicates the number of children who die before the age of one year, as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
 
• Literacy Rate: Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
 
• Net Attendance Ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years who attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
 
14.Explain old and new concepts of Economic Development? 

Answer:
In ancient time a special place was given to materialistic prosperity under economic development at global level. The mercentile thinkers of Germany and France considered gold and silver as the basis of development. The concept of development kept on changing with time.

According to classical economist Adam Smith, economic development is the increase in. goods and services of a country. Karl Marks considered economic development as the establishment of socialism J.S. Mill’s opinion about economic development is totally different. He considered economic development as to follow the principle of cooperation for welfare of people and economic development.

Among the new economists Paul Albert considers economic development as the increase in real national income by use of all productive resources by a country. While in the opinion of Williamson and Bustricks development is the increase in the per capita income of the people of a country. The opinion of D. Bright Singh is different from all these, in that economic development involves not only increase in money income but also improvement in social welfare. Prof. Amirtya Sen, honored by Nobel Prize has also given special importance to social welfare.

Meir and Baldwin has defined economic development as “Economic development is a process whereby an economy’s real national income increases over a long period of time.”

15.Distinguish between developed and developing economies?
Answer:
Developed Economy:

  • This economy is economically sound. Its people have higher standard of living.
  • The main occupation of people is industry.
  • Modern technology is used.

Developing Economy:

  • This economy is not financially sound. The standard of living of general masses is lower.
  • The main occupation of people is agriculture.
  • Generally old techniques of production are used.

16.State the success and failures of planning of India? 
Answer:
The following are the factors of success:

1. Increase in National and Per Capita Income:
At the current prices the national income of India was only 9142 crore in 195051 which rose up to 28,46,762. In similar manner, during this period the per capita income increased from Rs. 255 to Rs. 25,716. Thus it is clear that the national income as well as per capita income both increased rapidly during the period of the planning.

2. Increase in Rate of Saving and Investment:
Some portion of the national income is invested (used for production) for the economic development. In each plan high targets of saving and investments were fixed for this which have nearly been achieved too. The gross saving and investment rates in the year 1950 – 51 (on current prices) were only 8.9 and 8.7 per cent of gross national product which increased to 32.4 and 33.8 percent in the year 2005 – 06.

3. Development in Agriculture Sector:
Agricultural production has increased extensively due to economic planning. The production of food grains increased to 2083 lakh tonnes in the year 2005-06 which was only 508 lakh tonnes in 1950 – 51. During this period as a result of green revolution high yielding seeds, chemical, fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation facilities etc. were expanded. Along with this in agricultural sector infrastructure developed too.

4. Industrialisation:
There has been a remarkable increase in industrial sector through five years plAnswer:Today India has become the tenth largest industrial country of the world. India’s progres can be estimated by the fact that the contribution of India b manufactured goods in the foreign trade is gradually increasing. Iro: and steel, engineering, goods, chemical and cement etc.

5. Education and Health:
At the beginning of planning, there were 27 universities, but now they are 389 in number, the literacy rate of the country in 1950-51 was 16.6 per cent which increased upto 64.8 percent in 2001.

Failures are as follows:

1. Slow Progress in per Capita Income:
In spite of economic planning in India, the growth in per capita income has been very slow. Still today 21 per cent of population in India is living below poverty line.

2. Regional Imbalance:
As a result of planning, the regional imbalance in the country should have decreased, but there has been no significant change. Uttar Pradesh, Orrisa, Bihar, etc. states are still backward states while the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, etc. are included under the category of comparatively developed states.

3. Increase in Prices:
The prices are continuously increasing since the period of planning. On the basis of 1993-94, the whole sale price index, number has risen to 2079 in December 2006. It is estimated that during the period of planning the prices increased near about 27 times.

4. Increase in Unemployment:
An important objective of economic planning was to reduce unemployment. But the unemployment kept on increasing a.t the end of each plan. In the beginning of first five year plan, where 33 lakh people were unemployed which is now estimated to about 4 crore.

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