NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS CLASS – 12 | FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS | CHAPTER- 10 | HUMAN SETTLEMENT | EDUGROWN |

In This Post we are  providing  CHAPTER 10 HUMAN SETTLEMENT NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS  can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter

NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ON HUMAN SETTLEMENT

Question 1.
On what factors does the location of rural settlements depend ?
Answer:
There are various factors and conditions responsible for having different types of rural settlements in India.
These include:
(i) physical features – nature of terrain, altitude, climate and availability of water
(ii) cultural and ethnic factors social structure, caste and religion
(iii) security factors – defence against thefts and robberies.

Question 2.
Name the main types of rural settlements in India.
Answer:
Rural settlements in India can broadly be put into four types:
(i) Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated,
(ii) Semi-clustered or fragmented,
(iii) Hamleted, and
(iv) Dispersed or isolated.

Question 3.
What are administrative towns? State one example from India.
Answer:
Towns supporting administrative headquarters of higher order are called administrative towns e.g. Chandgara.

Question 4.
What is the meaning of a settlement ? What is its base ?
Answer:
Human Settlement means cluster of dwellings or any type of size where human beings live. For this purpose, people may erect houses and other structures and command some area or territory as their economic support-base. Thus, the process of settlement inherently involves grouping of people and apportioning of territory as their resource base.

Question 5.
What is the basic difference between rural and urban settlements ?
Answer:
The basic difference between rural and urban settlements is as follows :
The rural settlements derive their life support or basic economic needs from land based primary economic activities, whereas, urban settlements, depend on processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods on the one hand and a variety of services on the other.

Question 6.
How does an agglomeration develop ?
Answer:
Majority of metropolitan and mega cities are urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration may consist of any one of the following three combinations :
(i) a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths
(ii) two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths, and
(iii) a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths together forming a contiguous spread.

Question 7.
State any three characteristics of clustered rural settlements in India.
Answer:
(i) This is a cluster of compact houses.
(ii) The General living area is separated from farming area.
(iii) These settlements are rectangular and linear in shape.

Question 8.
Classify Indian Towns on the basis of their evolution in three different periods. Name one town of each period.
Answer:
The Indian towns are classified into three groups on the basis of their Evolution in different periods.

Types of Town Example :

• Ancient Towns — Pataliputra
• Medieval Towns — Agra
• Modern Towns — Chandigarh.

Question 9.
What are salient characteristics of Indian cities ?
Answer:
Indian Cities : Salient Characteristics.

Salient features of the Indian cities are as follows :
1. Most towns and cities are over-grown villages and have much rural semblance behind their street frontages.

2. People are even more rural in their habits and attitude, which reflects their socio-economic outlook in housing and other aspects.

3. Sizeable chunk of cities are full of slums largely due to the influx of immigrants without much infrastructure.

4. Several cities have distinct marks of earlier rulers and old functions.

5. Functional segregation is distinctly rudimentary, non-comparahle to western cities.

6. Social segregation of population is based either on caste, religion, income or occupation.

Question 10.
What is a Town ? Classify Towns according to urban Historians and describe their evolution.
Answer:
Definition of Town
Town is defined in different ways in different countries. In India, the census of India 2001 identifies two types of towns : Statutory and Census :

Statutory Towns : Ail places which have municipal, or corporation, or cantonment board, or a notified town area committee.

Census Towns: All other places which satisfy the following criteria :

• A minimum population of 5,000 persons;
• At least 75 percent of male wmrking population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits;
• A density of population of atleast 400 persons per sq. km.

Evolution of towns in india

Towns flourished since prehistoric times in India. Even at the time of Indus valley civilisation, towns like Harappa and Mohanjodaro were in existence. The second phase of urbanisation began around 600 B.C.E. It continued with periodic ups and downs until the arrival of Europeans in India in the 18th century. Urban historians classify towns of India as :
(1) Ancient towns
(2) Medieval towns, and
(3) Modern towns.

(1) Ancient Towns : At least 45 towns have historical background and have been in existence at least for over 2000 years. Most of them developed as religious and cultural centres. Varanasi is one of the important towns among these. Ayodhya, Prayagraj (Allahabad), Pataliputra (Patna), Mathura and Madurai are some other ancient towns.

(2) Medieval Towns : About 100 of the existing towns have their roots in the medieval period. Most of them developed as headquarters of principalities and kingdoms. Most of them are fort towns and came up on the ruins of earlier existing towns. Important among them are Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra and Nagpur.

(3) Modern Towns : The British and other Europeans modified the urban scene. As an external force, starting their foothold on coastal locations, they first developed some trading ports such as Surat, Daman, Goa, Puducherry, etc. The British later consolidated their hold from three principal nodes – Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (Madras) and Kolkata (Calcutta) – and built them in the British fashion.

Rapidly extending their domination either directly or through super control over the princely states, they established their administrative centres, hill-towns as summer resorts, and added new civil, administrative and military areas to them. Towns based on modern industries also evolved after 1850. Jamshedpur can be cited as an example.

After independence, a large number of towns emerged as administrative headquarters (Chandigarh, Bhubaneshwar, Gandhinagar, Dispur, etc.) and industrial centres (Durgapur, Bhilai, Sindri, Barauni, etc.). Some old towns also developed as satellite towns around metropolitan cities such as Ghaziabad, Rohtak, Gurgaon, etc. around Delhi. With increasing investment in rural areas, a large number of medium and small towns have developed all over the country.