Q1.What are the main problems of national integration in India? Answer. The problems of India are linguistic identity, regionalism, demand for separate states and terrorism etc. create hindrances in the way of national integration. Due to these . problems, usually strikes, riots and mutual fights take place, which have posed a severe threat to national unity and integration.
Q2. Why is sociology a distinct subject in comparison with all other subjects? Answer. Sociology is a subject with which everyone knows something about society. Other subjects are learnt at home, school or elsewhere through instructions but much of our with growth in years as it appears to be acquired naturally or automatically.
Q3. What are the basic functions of a society? Answer. Sociologists and social anthropologists have adopted the term function from biological sciences where it has been used for certain organic processes necessary for the maintenance of the organisms. Basic functions necessary for continuity and survival of any society are : (i) Recruitment of members (ii) Socialization (iii) Production and distribution of goods and services and preservation of order.
Q4.What do you understand by social structure? Answer. A society consists of(i)Males and females, adults and children, various occupational and religious groups and so on.(ii)The interrelationship between various that of parents and children and between various groups.(iii)Finally, all the parts of the society are put together and system are interrelated and complementary concepts.
Q5. Why is the social map provided to us in childhood by the deluding socialization essential? Answer. Social maps are provided by our parent siblings, relatives and neighbour. It may be specific and partial. It provides us only with common sense or unlearnt or perceivable knowledge which may or may not be real. A proper use and application of reflexivity is essential for drawing other kinds of maps. It is sociological perspective that teaches us the procedure of drawing social maps, wholesome and exclusive.
Q6. What is community identity? Discuss its characteristics. Answer. Community that provides us the language and cultural values through which we comprehend the world. It is based on birth and belongings and never on some form of acquired qualification or accomplishment. Birth based identity is called ascriptive because this does not involve any choice on the part of the individual’s concerned. It is actually worthless and discriminating. These ascriptive identities are very hard to shake off because irrespective of our efforts to disown them, others may continue to identify us by those very markers of belonging. Such ascriptive identity is the most deterrant to self-realisation. Expanding and overlapping circles of community ties i.e. family, kinship, caste, ethnicity, language, region or religion give meaning to our world and give us sense of identity, of who we are.
Q7. What is Self-reflexivity? Answer.Sociology can show us what we look like to others. It can teach us how to look at ourselves from outside, so to speak. It is called “Self-reflexivity’ or sometimes just “Reflexivity’.
Q8. ‘Sociology can help us to map the links and connections between ‘personal troubles’ and ‘social issues’. Discuss. Answer. C. Wright Mills a famous American Sociologist has mentioned, “Sociology can help us to map the links and connections between personal troubles and social issues.” As far as personal troubles are concerned Mills means the kinds of individual worries, problems or concerns that everyone has.
Q9. How colonial rule facilitated Indian consciousness to emerge? Discuss. Answer. 1. Colonial rule unified all of Indian for the first time politically and administratively. 2. Colonial rule brought in the forces of modernization and Capitalist economic change. 3. However this economic, political and administrative unification of India under colonial rule was got at great expense. 4. Colonial exploitation and domination scared the whole Indian society in different ways. 5. Colonialism also gave birth to its own enemy—nationalism. The concept of modem Indian nationalism took shape under British Colonialism. 6. The rampant exploitation and the shared experience of colonial domination helped unity and exercise different sections of the Indian society. It also created new classes and communities. The Urban middle classes were the prime carrier of nationalism.
Q10. What steps were taken by colonial rules for the smooth functioning of its rule? Answer. The steps taken by colonial rules for the smooth functioning of its rule were that they: (i)Used new mechanical techniques in production. (ii)Started new market system in trade. (iii)Developed means of transport and communication. (iv)Formed bureaucracy based on civil service of all India nature. (v)Established formal and written law.
Q11.Which social reformers carried out social reform movements during the British colonialism in India? Answer. The prominent leaders of the reform movements were Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi and others.
Q12. State the processes the began during the British colonialism in India. Answer. This was the period when modem period began in India and the external forces of modernization, westernization, industrialization entered.
Q13. State main differences between Sociology and other subjects. Answer. 1.Sociology is a subject in which no one starts from Zero, as everyone already knows about society. However, other subjects are taught at school, at home or elsewhere. 2.Being an integral part of the process of growing up, knowledge about society seems to be got naturally or automatically. In case of other subjects, no child is expected to already know something. 3.It means we know a lot about the society in which we live and interact. As far as other subjects are concerned, prior knowledge is almost negligible. 4.However, this prior knowledge or familiarity with society is both an advantage and disadvantage for sociology. In the absence of prior knowledge there is no question of advantage or disadvantage in case of other subjects.
In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 16 WATER RESOURCESNCERT MCQ for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMYwhich will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter
NCERT MCQON WATER RESOURCES
Question 1. How much part of the earth is covered with water? (A) 51% (B) 61% (C) 71% (D) 81%
Answer: (C) 71%
Question 2. How much freshwater is there out of total resources? (A) 0.5% (B) 1.0% (C) 2.5% (D) 3.0%
Answer: (D) 3.0%
Question 3. What is the share of India in the world’s water resources? (A) 1% (B) 2% (C) 3% (D) 4%
Answer: (D) 4%
Question 4. The total useful water resources of India are: (A) 1122 cubic km (B) 1222 cubic km (C) 1322 cubic km (D) 1422 cubic km
Answer: (A) 1122 cubic km
Question 5. How much percent of surface water in India can be used? (A) 22% (B) 25% (C) 32% (D) 35%
Answer: (C) 32%
Question 6:
Which sector of economy is responsible for maximum exploitation of ground water resources?
(a) Domestic
(b) Industrial
(c) Agriculture
(d) None of these
Answer : C
Question 7:
Which group of states is highly affected by concentration of Arsenic:
(a) Rajasthan-Maharashtra
(b) Punjab-Haryana
(c) West Bengal-Bihar
(d) Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
Answer : C
Question 8:
Which group of states is highly affected by concentration of fluoride in ground water resources:
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar-West Bengal
(c) Rajasthan-Maharashtra
(d) Punjab-Haryana
Answer : C
Question 9:
Environment Protection Act was implemented in:
(a) 1974
(b) 1986
(c) 1988
(d) 1997
Answer : B
Question 10:
Haryali program is related to development of:
(a) Forest Cover
(b) Watershed Development
(c) Soil Conservation
(d) Food Grain Production
Answer : B
Question 11:
Which one is not related to watershed development project:
(a) Haryali
(b) Neeru-Meeru
(c) ArwariPaniSansad
(d) Van Mahotsava
Answer : D
Question 12:
Which method is not related to rainwater harvesting?
(a) Green Belt
(b) Check dam
(c) Recharge well
(d) Eris
Answer : D
Question 13:
In which year national water policy was implemented?
(a) 2002
(b) 2008
(c) 2015
(d) 2005
Answer : A
Question 14 :
Which one of the following type describes water as a resource?
In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 15 LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE NCERT MCQ for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMYwhich will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter
NCERT MCQON LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE
Question 1. Which type of farming is known as Slash and Burn to farm? (A) Primitive subsistence (B) Intensive subsistence (C) Plantation (D) Commerical
Answer: (A) Primitive subsistence
Question 2. India is the second-largest producer of which crop in the world? (A) Tea (B) Coffee (C) Rice (D) Cotton
Answer: (C) Rice
Question 3. Which state is the largest producer of Jowar in India? (A) Punjab (B) Maharashtra (C) Karnataka (D) Rajasthan
Answer: (B) Maharashtra
Question 4. India is the leading producer of which crop in the world? (A) Jute (B) Rice (C) Tea (D) CoffeeAnswer
Answer: (C) Tea
Question 5. Which crop was introduced in Baba Budan Hills? (A) Tea (B) Coffee (C) Rice (D) Cotton
Answer: (B) Coffee
Question 6. Which is known as golden fiber? (A) Cotton (B) Silk (C) Jute (D) Wool
Answer: (C) Jute
Question 7. Which one of the following is a rabi crop? (A) Rice (B) Millets (C) Gram (D) Cotton
Answer: (C) Gram
Question 8. Which one of the following is a leguminous crop? (A) Pulses (B) Millets (C) Jowar (D) Sesamum
Answer: (A) Pulses
Question 9. Which one of the following price is announced by the government in support of a crop? (A) Maximum support price (B) Minimum support price (C) Moderate support price (D) Influential support price
Answer: (B) Minimum support price
Question 10. Cotton needs a frost-free period of (A) 100 days (B) 150 days (C) 210 days (D) 250 days
Answer: (C) 210 days
Question 11. What is the total production of food grains in India? (A) 70 million tonnes (B) 100 million tonnes (C) 150 million tonnes (D) 250 million tonnes
Answer: (D) 250 million tonnes
Question 12. Which state is the largest wheat producing state? (A) Punjab (B) Haryana (C) Uttar Pradesh (D) Rajasthan
Answer: (C) Uttar Pradesh
Question 13. In which season Kharif crops are grown? (A) Winter (B) Summer (C) Spring (D) Autumn
Answer: (B) Summer
Question 14. The net area sown in India is (A) 77% (B) 67% (C) 45% (D) 43%
Answer: (D) 43%
Question 15. In India, cereals occupy how much-cropped area? (A) 34% (B) 44% (C) 54% (D) 64%
Here students can get info about NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science so that they can get to know the answers to the questions in case they are not able to find it. You can find the best Class 6th Science NCERT Solutions explained in conformance with the CBSE curriculum for Class 6.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out
1. (a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the redworms? (b) Have you seen any other organism besides redworms, in your pit? If yes, try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these. Ans: (a) Garbage substances like broken glass, aluminium wrappers, plastic items, polythene bags, which are non-biodegradable cannot be converted into compost by the redworms. (b) Yes, saprophytic organisms such as moulds (white, black or greyish cottony patches) and bacteria (which can be seen under microscope) that help in decomposing biodegradable substances.
2. Discuss: (a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government? (b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage? Ans: (a) Along with government and local municipality corporations, it is also the duty of every citizen to help in garbage disposal.A clean environment is necessary to keep us healthy and also to avoid spread of diseases.We should throw garbage at proper places, such as dustbins so that Safai Karamcharis cam collect the garbage easily. (b) It is possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage, if we adopt the following means: (i) The garbage should be thrown at proper places. It should not be thrown ‘ on streets, roads, parks, etc. (ii) The part of the garbage that can be reused should be separated from the one that cannot be used. The non-useful components should be disposed off at landfill areas. (iii) Follow the rule of Three R’s: A. Reduce: Use the things in minimum amount which is necessary to fulfil your requirement. B. Recycle: The things such as plastic, paper, glass and metals separated from the garbage may be recycle to make new things instead of dumping them along with other wastes. C. Reuse: It means use of things again and again. For example, plastic bottles of jam or pickle can be used for storing things in the kitchen.
3. (a) What do you do with the left over food at home? (b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf plotter at a party, which one would you prefer and why? Ans: (a) Left over food at home along with other kitchen waste like vegetable peel, paper are dumped into compost pit to convert them into manure. Later on manure is used to grow plants. (b) We will select banana leaf platter because it can be easily converted into manure by composting. Plastic plate can be recycled but in this process it gives out harmful gases which pollute the environment. Plastic items cannot be converted into manure by composting.
4. (a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled, (b) With the help of a lens look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you see any difference in the material of recycled paper and a new sheet of paper? Ans: (a) Pieces of papers obtained from newspaper, notebooks, magazines, etc. can be recycled. Plastic coated and shiny papers cannot be recycled easily. (b) The surface of recycled paper is rough whereas surface of new sheet of paper is smooth.
5. (a) Collect different kinds of packaging material. What was the purpose for which each one mas used? Discuss in groups. (b) Give an example in which packaging could have been reduced. (c) Write a story on how packaging increases the amount of garbage. Ans: (a) Packaging materials like thermocole, foam sheets, paper cuttings, card board, jute are used to protect the articles.Card boxes, plastic containers and tin containers are used to facilitate transportation of the packed materials. (b) Packaging of toys, clothes, shoes, chocolates can be reduced. (c) We use packaging materials to protect the articles and also to make package good- looking. For example, to give a gift on birthday, the gift is packed and wrapped in a shiny paper or plastic-coated paper. After use the packing material is thrown in dustbin. Similarly, plastic bags, cans, aluminium foils, plastic or aluminium cans and other packaging materials are used and thrown out after use. Many things such as ghee, refined oil, soaps, detergents and most of eatable goods are sold in small packets. All the above said measures can help in reducing the amount of garbage due to packing.
6. Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilisers? Why? Ans: Because:
Compost is eco-friendly and harmless. It maintains the texture and fertility of the soil.Chemical fertilisers destroy the natural composition of soil and have adverse effect on human health.
Composting helps in recycling of matter and also in disposal of garbage. Leaching of chemical fertilisers causes water pollution and death of aquatic organisms.
The production of compost is easy, cheap and harmless whereas production of chemical fertilisers is costly and problematic.
Class 6 Science Chapter 16 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct option: 1. Landfill are is a/an: (a) open area (b) high lying open area (c) open area near a river/lake (d) low lying open area 2. The rotting of garbage is said to be completed when the garbage: (a) rot completely and not smell (b) rot almost completely, but still smell bad (c) rot only partially (d) not change at all 3. Which of the set of items not good for making compost? (a) Plastic paper, tin foil, wrappers (b) Broken plastic toys, polythene bags, pieces of clothes (c) Egg shells, vegetable and fruit peels and tea leave
(d) Aluminium wrappers, plastic bags and dry leaves 4. Which of the following animals are used for making compost? (a) Redworms (b) House fly (c) Cockrach (d) Mosquitoes 5. Leaves falling from trees should be: (a) dumped in landfill areas (b) dried and burnt (c) used in making compost (d) dumped near the ponds and takes Ans: 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
Class 6 Science Chapter 16 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is a landfill? Ans: A low-lying open area is called landfill.
2. What are blue coloured bins used for? Ans: Blue bins are used for collecting materials that can be recycled.
3. Give example of material that can be used again. Ans: Plastics, metals and glass.
4. What type of garbage is thrown in green bins? Ans: Kitchen and other plants or animals wastes.
5. Define composting. Ans: The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called composting.
6. Explain the term vermicomposting. Ans: The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting.
7. What are redworms? Ans: Redworms are a type of earthworms which help in preparing compost from the kitchen wastes and parts of plants or animals.
Class 6 Science Chapter 16 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. We should not add wastes containing salts, pickles, oil, vinegar, meat and milk products in vermicomposting pit to feed the redworms. Why? Ans: Addition of substances such as salts, oil, pickles, vinegar, meat and milk products to vermicompost pit causes growth of disease-causing small organisms. They may cause harm to redworms and hinder in preparation of vermicompost.
2. How can the non-useful component be reused? Ans: The non-useful components of the garbage are separated by Safai Karamcharis. This separated non-useful components of garbage is spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into pork or a playground. For the next 20 years or so, no building is constructed on it.
3. What do we do to the useful components (biodegradable) of the garbage? Ans: Generally, useful components of the garbage are used to make compost. Compost are usually developed near the landfill. (i) For preparing compost, waste materials like fruit and vegetable peel, egg shells, used tea leaves, waste food, dry leaves, newspapers etc. should be dumped in a pit. (ii) The pit is covered with soil. (iii) After 20-25 days, observe the garbage. If the garbage is rot, turned black in colour and no foul smell is emitted, it means rotting of garbage is complete and compost is ready to use.
4. What do you mean by composting? Ans: The garbage containing plant and animal wastes, waste food, when left as such in pits or heaps is acted upon by bacteria, fungus-like organisms causing rotting. Rotting leads to the formation of manure. It is conversion of complex molecules into simple molecules which can be used by plants for growth and development. Thus, rotting and conversion of some organic materials into manure is called composting.
5. Why should we not bum dried plant leaves and husk? What is the best way to get rid of them? Ans: Burning of dried leaves, husk and other plant parts produces smoke and gases that are harmful to our health.Dried leaves, husk and other plant parts can be used for preparing compost.
6. List waste products produced from an industry. Ans: The waste products produced from an industry are:
Chemicals
Smoke
Ash
Empty containers such as glass bottles, plastic articles, wrappers.
Plastic bags
Broken things, iron or other metals
7. What will happen if garbage is left open in bin? Ans: (i) Garbage will rot and bad smell will spread all around the surroundings. (ii) Garbage will become breeding spot for flies, mosquitoes and other disease- causing small organisms. (iii) Due to flies, mosquitoes and other organisms many diseases will spread in the community. (iv) Rotting garbage may cause air pollution and spread of respiratory disease such as breathing problems.
8. Waste may contain the following things: Ans:
Empty bottles
Syringe
Needles
Ampute
Used cotton
Injection bottles
Used bandages
Pieces of plaster
Tablet wrapper
Empty paper boxes
Polythene bags
Left over food items
Peels of fruits and vegetables.
9. What is papier-mache? How does it help us? Ans: Papier-mache is a paste made from pulp of waste papers and clay used for moulding into boxes, trays, etc. This helps in recycling of paper.
10. Can you replace the following packaging material with those which can be recycled or reused. (1) Milk packets of polythene. (2) Dry eatables in polythene. (3) Gift items packed with shiny material. (4) Glass tumblers packed in thermocole box. Ans: (1) Glass bottles or recycling polythene. (2) Paper bags coated with thin sheet of aluminium or recycling polythene. (3) Beautifully designed paper or recycling shiny material. (4) Glass tumblers packed in straws placed card-board boxes. As thermocole cannot be recycled.
Class 6 Science Chapter 16 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. List the biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste products in your school What are the best ways to get rid of this garbage? Ans: Biodegradable wastes: (i) Paper container (ii) Chalk boxes (iii) Pencil scraps (iv) Faeces and urine (v) Loose and tom waste paper of exercise notebooks and diaries (vi) Dropout leaves and twigs (vii) Fruit peels and flower wastes Non-biodegradable wastes: (i) Broken glass wares (ii) Plastic and geometrical instruments (iii) Plastic and polythene containers (iv) Wrappers of toffee, aluminium foil (v) Broken iron wire pieces Disposal of Wastes: Biodegradable garbage can be put in a pit made in one comer of the school compound. Cover the garbage with soil, spray some quantity of water. When this pit is full of degradable items cover it with a mixture of dung and clay for a few weeks. . After a few weeks when an odour stops coming out from the pit. It indicates that all the degradable material has been converted into compost manure. The non-biodegradable garbage can be sold to Kabari or can be dumped in a landfill.
2. What are the uses of plastic? Ans: Uses: (i) Plastic container can be used to store edible goods. (ii) Goods packed in plastic pack can be taken anywhere easily and are water proof. (iii) Plastic containers or articles are good-looking, light in weight, cheap and durable. (iv) Plastic containers such as bottles can be used to store chemicals. No chemical effects on it. (v) Plastic can be recycled.
3. What are the demerits of plastic? Ans: Demerits of plastic: (i) Plastics give out harmful gases upon heating or burning. These gases may cause many health problems, including cancer in humans. (ii) Some people often fill garbage in plastic bags and throw it away in open. When stray animals look for food in these bags, they swallow plastic bags along with food. Sometimes, they die due to this. (iii) The plastic bags thrown away carelessly on roads and other places get into drains and the sewer system. These plastic bags choke the drains. As a result dirty water spills on road. It causes spread of bad smell and diseases.
4. What suggestions you will give to members of locality to solve the problem of waste material? Ans: I will suggest the member of my locality to use biodegradable waste in preparing compost. To take people in confidence, you should make efforts to show the path for preparing compost: (i) You should select a comer of your locality. (ii) Dig a pit at open place and ask all the residents to throw their kitchen waste in this pit. Cover the biodegradables in the pit with layers of soil. (iii) Cover the pit with the mixture of soil and dung. (iv) After 5-6 weeks, open the pit and show it to the resident of your colony. Also explain that their disposed off material has converted into compost manure. (v) You can convince RWA (Resident Welfare Associations) to use this manure for colony parks and also in plant pots kept in individual houses for , beautification.
5. Why should we be careful in using plastic bags to store cooked food items? Ans: (i) Sometimes the plastic bags may not be suitable for keeping eatables.Consuming food packed in such plastic bags could be harmful to our health. (ii) Many a time shopkeepers use plastic bags that have been used earlier for other purpose. (iii) Sometimes bags collected by rag pickers are also used after washing them. Use of such recycled plastic bags to keep food items could be harmful for our health. So, shopkeepers can be stressed upon the use of plastic bags approved by the authorities.
6. List the steps for preparing vermicompost. Ans: (i) Dig a pit about 30 cm deep or select a wooden box. (ii) Spread a net or chicken mesh at the bottom .of pit or box. You can also spread 1 to 2 cm thick layer of sand. (iii)Spread some vegetable wastes including peels of fruits over the sand layer. You can use green leaves, husk or pieces of newspaper, dried stalks of plants and dried animal dung. (iv) Sprinkle some water to make the layer wet. Do not (a)Use excess of water (b)Press layer of leaves or waste so that it has sufficient air and moisture, (v) Now, buy some redworms and put them in the pit. (vi) Cover them loosely with a gummy bag or an old sheet of cloth or a layer of grass. (vii) Redworms need food. So you can provide them as food—vegetable and fruit peels, coffee and tea remains and weeds from the field or garden. Bury this food about 2-3 cm inside the pit. (viii) Do not put salt, pickles, oil, vinegar, meat and milk preparations. This may cause growth of disease-causing organisms. Redworms do not survive in very hot or very cold surroundings. (ix) After 3-4 weeks, put some waste food in one comer of the pit. Most of the worms will shift towards newly added food. (x) Remove the compost from the vacated part and dry it in the sun for a few hours. The vermicompost becomes ready for use.
7. Observe the bins and waste material heaps and suggest what materials can be used for preparing handicrafts materials. Ans: The following handicraft items can be prepared from the waste materials usually seen in bins and waste storage.
Designs and sceneries on cardboard, pencil scrab can be used.
We can prepare basket, toys, flower vase, etc.
Egg trays can be prepared by papier-mache prepared from waste paper decorated with the help of different colours and can be used.
Empty earthen cup (kullarh) can be used as Janjhi by making small hole in it and putting a burnt candle. Light comes out in different designs.
Flower vase can be prepared with the help of ice-cream sticks.
Different types of toys are prepared with the help of plastic cup, spoon, plate, forks.
Models of historical monuments can be designed with the help of empty injection bottles and amputes.
You can prepare other objects with the help of your friends, brothers, sisters, relatives, parents and teachers.
8. Explain one wag of recycling of waste paper. Ans: One way to recycle the waste papers is as given below:
Collect old newspapers, magazines, used notebooks, envelopes and tom out used papers.
Make small pieces of paper of these items and put them in a bucket or any other container submerged in water for one or two days.
Make thick paste of wet paper by pounding it. Spread the waste paste on the wire mesh fixed to the frame. You can use a large-sized seive in place of a frame.
Pat the layer of paste gently to make the layer of the paste as uniform as possible. You may spread an old cloth or a sheet of newspaper on the paste to soak up the extra water.
Remove the layer of paste from the frame and spread it on a sheet of newspaper in the sun. Put some weight on the comers of the newspaper so that these do not curl up. You can decorate the paper by adding food colours, dried leaves, flower petals or pieces of coloured paper in the paste. This will help you to get a recycled paper with beautiful patterns on it.
9.What can we do to reduce overuse of plastics? Ans:
Re-use of the plastic bags whenever it is possible to do so without any adverse affects. Neglect re-use of plastic bags for storage or storage of food items to store food items.
Insist shopkeepers to use paper bags or jute bags to carry goods purchased,
Do not use plastic bags, especially to store eatables.
Do not throw plastic bags.
Don’t fill plastic bags with wastes of plants and animals, such as peels of vegetables and fruits, egg shells, bone pieces of animals, and throw them here and there in open places. Animals may eat such plastic bags for the sake of food items. Later on these cause death of animals such as cow. buffaloes, dogs and other stray animals. These plastic bags, sometimes suffocate them or choke the alimentary canal which causes indigestion of food and elimination of undigested food.
Do not bum plastic bags and other plastic items because they emit harmful gases.
10. Municipality provides two types of dustbins for garbage collection. One coloured with blue colour and other with green colour. From following wastes which you will put in the which dustbin? Plastic materials, metals and glass items, wastes of plants and animals, peels of fruits and vegetables, dried leaves and twigs, remains of meat like flesh and hopes. Ans: (i) The material which can be recycled should be put in the blue dustbin. These materials are: plastic materials, waste metals and glass. It means that the materials which can be recycled and reused should be put in the blue dust bin. These materials cannot rot but can be recycled. (ii) The wastes of plants and animals, peels of fmits and vegetables, dried leaves and plant twigs, kitchen wastes and other wastes of plant and animal wastes, etc. should be dumped in the green bin or bag. This means that biodegradables are collected in the green dustbin which can be used to prepare compost.
11. Can you make something useful of these waste material?Powder containers, cold-drink cans, plastic bottles, shoe-box. Ans: (a) Powder container: Their use depends upon their size, shape and the material they are made of. For example (i)elongated metallic powder container can be used as pen-pencil stand, to grow money-plant etc. (ii) plastic containers can be recycled. (b) Drink cans: Storing liquids like oils, growing herbaceous plants like money- plants etc. (c) Plastic bottles: Storing liquids such as oils and recycling plastic. (d) Shoe-box: Making small red-cross box, storage pen-pencils and other small articles.
In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 14 HUMAN SETTLEMENTNCERT MCQ for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMYwhich will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter
NCERT MCQON HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Question 1: Which one of the following forms of settlement develops along either side of roads, rivers or canals?
a) Circular
b) Linear
c) Cross-shaped
d) Square
Answer : B
Question 2: Who coined the word, MEGALOPOLIS?
a) Patrick Geddes
b) Jean Guttmann
c) Ratzel
d) Sample
Answer : B
Question 3: Which of the following is a planned city?
a) Canberra
b) Mumbai
c) Calcutta
d) Lucknow
Answer : A
Question 4: In which of the following regions has the oldest well-documented urban settlement found?
a) Huang He valley
b) Indus valley
c) Nile valley
d) Mesopotamia
Answer : D
Question 5: How many of the following cities in India have attained the million status in 2011?
a) 42
b) 48
c) 53
d) 56
Answer : C
Question 6: Which of following is the functional classification of an urban settlement?
a) Administrative
b) Industrial.
c) Mining Town
d) all of the above
Answer : D
Question 7: The Population size of Metropolitian city is
a) less than 1 million
b) 1-5 million
c) more than 5 million
d) none of the above
Answer : B
Question 8: Urbanization is expressed in terms of
a) Absolute number.
b) Ratio
c) Percentage
d) None of the above
Answer : C
Question 9: Towns are classified on the basis of Evolution as -.
a) Ancient Towns
b) Modern Towns
c) Medieval Towns
d) All of the above
Answer : D
Question 10: The type of settlement is locally known as Para, pani, Nagal and dhani is
a) Clustered
b) Semi Clustered
c) Hamleted
d) Dispersed
Answer : C
Question 11: Which of the following is Garrison Town
a) Agra
b) Jharia
c) Kolkata
d) Varanasi
Answer : A
Question 12: What is the Population size of Class 1 town or city
a) 5000-9999
b) 10000-19999
c) 100000 & more
d) less than 5000
Answer : C
Question 13: 8 Which of the following is a Mega city?
a) Delhi
b) Mumbai
c) Bengaluru
d) All the above
Answer : D
Question 14: Which of the following is Medieval town
a) Agra
b) Varanasi
c) Jamshedpur
d) Chandigarh
Answer : A
Question 15: Which of the following is an educational Town
Here students can get info about NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science so that they can get to know the answers to the questions in case they are not able to find it. You can find the best Class 6th Science NCERT Solutions explained in conformance with the CBSE curriculum for Class 6.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Air Around Us
1. What is the composition of air? Ans: Air is mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour and a few other gases. Some dust particles may also be present in it.
2. Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration? Ans: Oxygen.
3. How will you show that air supports burning? Ans: Take a small burning candle. Cover the burning candle with a glass jar. After few minutes the candle is extinguished. As the supply of air is stopped due to glass jar the burning of candle is also stopped. This experiment proves that air supports burning
4. How will you show that air is dissolved in water? Ans: Take some water in a glass vessel or beaker. Heat it slowly on a tripod stand. Before the water begins to boil, look carefully at the inner surface of the vessel. You will see tiny bubbles on the inside. On heating, air dissolved in water escapes in the form of these bubbles.
5. Why does a lump of cotton wool shrink in water? Ans: Lump of cotton wool has air among gaps of cotton fibres. When water replaces the air from these gaps, the cotton lump becomes heavy and also shrinks due to removal of air gaps.
6. The layer of air around the earth is known as…………………. Ans: Atmosphere
7. The component of air used by green plants to make their food, is…………………. Ans: Carbon dioxide.
8. List five activities that are possible due to presence of air. Ans: The activities that are possible due to the presence of air, are: (a) To make a simple firki (b) To make a weather cock (c) To breathe for survival (d) For burning of substance (e) For photosynthesis
9. How do plants and animals help each other in exchange of gases in the atmosphere? Ans: Animals and plants use oxygen from air during respiration and release carbon dioxide gas in air. But green plants also release oxygen gas by using carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Thus, we can say that animals and plants help each other in exchange of gases.
Class 6 Science Chapter 15 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Name the main component of air. Ans: Nitrogen gas
2. What is the source of oxygen gas in air? Ans: Photosynthesis by green plants is source of oxygen gas in air.
3. What is the percentage of nitrogen in air? Ans: 78.1%
4. What is the percentage of oxygen in air? Ans: 20.9%
5. What is the source of carbon dioxide in air? Ans: Respiration by animals and plants and burning of fuel.
6. Mention one necessary condition for the combustion to take place. Ans: Presence of air.
Class 6 Science Chapter 15 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Why is air considered as a mixture? Ans: Air contains oxygen and nitrogen as its major constituents of air. These gases retain their properties in air. So the air is called a mixture.
2. Name the major gas present in the (a) inhaled air (b) exhaled air. Ans: (a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide.
3. Write the necessary conditions for rusting of iron to take place. Ans: Rusting of iron takes place in the presence of moisture and air. So the presence of air and water vapour in air are two necessary conditions for rusting of iron.
4. Name a device which uses wind energy to generate electricity. Ans: Windmills use the wind energy to convert wind energy into electrical energy
5. What is wind energy? Mention its two advantages. Ans: Blowing air is called wind. Wind possesses kinetic energy. The kinetic energy possessed by wind is called wind energy. Uses of Wind Energy are: (i) Wind energy is used to pump the ground water. (ii) Wind energy is used to generate electricity with the help of windmills.
6. Mention two uses of air. Ans: The two uses of air are as below: (a) For respiration all organisms need air. (b) For burning of any substance air is needed.
7. Describe balance of oxygen in the air. Ans: The oxygen in air is used by the organisms present in air, water or soil or on earth for their respiration. During respiration carbon dioxide gas is released to air. But green plants during photosynthesis use carbon dioxide of air for preparing food and they release oxygen gas in the air. Thus the balance of oxygen in air is maintained.
8. What happens if the percentage of oxygen in the air reaches to 70%? Ans: If any substance catches fire it will become difficult to extinguish the fire, as oxygen supports combustion.
9. What happens if the percentage of carbon-dioxide increases in the air? Ans: The increased percentage of carbon-dioxide will cause green house effect, i.e. it will not allow the hot rays of sun to escape from the atmosphere after reflection once they enter the earth’s atmosphere, thereby increasing the temperature of earth, ice on mountains will melt and water level will rise.
10. You must have seen during rainy season, when it rains the animals like earthworm, snakes, snails etc. are commonly seen. Explain why? Ans: All these animals live in underground burrows or remain buried in the soil. They get oxygen from air that enters into the burrow through entrance of burrow or through pores in the soil. But when it rains, the water gets filled in their dwelling places and pores of the soil. So, they come out in search of air.
11. Why is carbon-dioxide gas used to extinguish fire? Ans: It is because carbon-dioxide does not support combustion. When sprayed on burning object it stops the supply of oxygen and extinguishes fire.
12. How will you prove that soil contains air in it? Ans: Take a glass tumbler add some soil in it, then pour some water on the soil slowly, the air-bubbles comes out of the soil. This proves that soil holds air in it.
13. Why do we see the sky and air clear and clean after rainfall? Ans: The dust particles which remain suspended in air get loaded and come down on the ground due to rainfall, this is the reason that the sky and the air look clean and clear after rainfall.
14. Explain why mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders with them? Ans: As you go up, above the sea-level the atmospheric pressure goes on decreasing and the amount of oxygen also decreases at higher altitude.
15. Explain why during an incident of fire, one is advised to wrap a woollen blanket over a burning object. Ans: Blanket cuts the supply of oxygen to the object that is burning, thereby prevents it from further burning.
Class 6 Science Chapter 15 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is air? Name the major constituents of air. Also give their volume proportions in air. Ans: Air is a mixture of gases. The major constituents of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon. The percentage composition of constituents of air are as given below: Other components of air are water vapour and dust particles.
2. Demonstrate through a simple experiment that the air mainly contains nitrogen and oxygen in the volume ratio of 4: 1. Ans: Aim of experiment: To show that air contains nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio 4 : 1 by volume: Procedure: Take a glass container and fix a candle at its centre. Put some quantity of water in the container. Place an empty, dry gas jar over it. Mark five marks above water surface on the jar at equal distances shown in the figure given below. The candle is lightened and is covered with the gas jar. After some time the candle is extinguished and the water level is raised in gas jar. The raised level in water is 1 / 5 of the volume of air in the gas jar. This proves that one part of the air of the jar is a gas which supports combustion, i.e., oxygen. Hence, 1/5 by volume is oxygen in air.
3. Air is a mixture. Prove this statement. Ans: The components of mixture can be easily separated and they retain their properties. The components of air are: oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour and carbon-dioxide, all these gases can be easily separated and they retain their properties.
In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 16 WATER RESOURCES NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter
NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONSON WATER RESOURCES
Question 1. Why is the demand of water for irrigation increasing day by day in India ? Explain any three reasons. Answer: In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation.
Irrigation is needed due to variable rainfall in India.
Drought prone areas like N-W India and Deccan needs irrigation.
Dry seasons of winter and summer need irrigation for agriculture.
Irrigation is needed during dry season.
Certain crops like rice, sugarcane, jute require large water supply.
Multiple cropping needs irrigation.
HYV crops need regular water supply.
Success of green revolution depends upon irrigation.
Question 2. Give examples of Recycling and Reuse of Water. Answer: Recycle and Reuse of Water. Another way through which we can improve fresh water availability is by recycle and reuse. Use of water of lesser quality such as reclaimed waste-water would be an attractive option for industries for cooling and fire fighting to reduce their water cost. Similarly, in urban areas water after bathing and washing utensils can be used for gardening.
Water used for washing vehicle can also be used for gardening. This would conserve better quality of water for drinking purposes. Currently, recycling of water is practised on a limited scale. However, there is enormous scope for replenishing water through recycling.
Question 3. What are the two water problems in India ? Explain with suitable examples. Or Why is the quality of water deteriorating in India? Explain with ‘ examples. Answer: Due to increase in population, the availability of water is decreasing. The two main water problems are: (i) Deterioration of Water Quality : Quality refers to purity of water, or water without unwanted foreign substances. Water gets polluted by foreign matters such as micro-organisms, chemical, industrial and other wastes. Such matters deteriorate the quality of water and render it unfit for human use.
When toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans and other water bodies, they get dissolved or lie suspended in water. This results in pollution of water whereby quality of water deteriorates affecting aquatic systems. Sometimes, these pollutants also seep into earth and pollute groundwater. The Ganga and the Yamuna are the two highly polluted rivers in the country.
(ii) Water Conservation and Management : Since there is a declining availability of fresh water and increasing demand, the need has arisen to conserve and effectively manage this precious life giving resource for sustainable development. Given that water availability from sea/ocean, due to high cost of desalinisation, is considered negligible, India has to take quick steps and make effective policies and laws, and adopt effective measures for its conservation.
Besides developing water saving technologies and methods, attempts are also to be made to prevent the pollution. There is need to encourage watershed development, rainwater harvesting, water recycling and reuse, and conjunctive use of water for sustaining water supply in long run.
Question 4. Describe the main features of India’s National Water Policy. Answer: Highlights of India’s National Water Policy, 2002 : The National Water Policy, 2002 stipulates water allocation priorities broadly in the following order: drinking water, irrigation, hydro-power, navigation, industrial and other uses. The policy stipulates progressive new approaches to water management. Key features include:
(1) Irrigation and multi-purpose projects should invariably include drinking water component, wherever there is no alternative source of drinking water. (2) Providing drinking water to all human beings and animals should be the first priority. (3) Measures should be taken to limit and regulate the exploitation of groundwater. (4) Both surface and groundwater should be regularly monitored for quality. A phased programme should be undertaken for improving water quality. (5) The efficiency of utilisation in all the diverse uses of water should be improved. (6) Awareness of water as a scarce resource should be fostered. (7) Conservation consciousness should be promoted through education, regulation, incentives and disincentives.
Question 5. Describe the methods and effects of Rainwater Harvesting. Answer: Rainwater Harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is a method of capturing and storing rainwater for various uses. It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers.
It is a low cost and eco¬friendly technique for preserving every drop of water by guiding the rain water to bore well, pits and wells.
Rainwater harvesting increases water availability.
It checks the declining ground water table.
It improves the quality of groundwater through dilution of contaminants like fluoride and nitrates.
It prevents soil erosion, and flooding and arrests salt water intrusion in coastal areas if used to recharge aquifers.
Methods. Rainwater harvesting has been practised through various methods by different communities in the country for a long time. Traditional rainwater harvesting in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc.
In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures locally known as Kund or Tanka (a covered underground tank) are constructed near or in the house or village to store harvested rainwater to understand various ways of rainwater harvesting.
Effects. There is a wide scope to use rainwater harvesting technique to conserve precious water resource. It can be done by harvesting rainwater on rooftops and open spaces. Harvesting rainwater also decreases the community dependence on groundwater for domestic use.
Besides bridging the demand supply gap, it can also save energy to pump groundwater as recharge leads to rise in groundwater table. These days rainwater harvesting is being taken up on massive scale in many states in the country. Urban areas can specially benefit from rainwater harvesting as water demand has already outstripped supply in most of the cities and towns.
Question 6. What is Water Pollution ? Discuss- the methods and rules to check it. ; Answer: Prevention of Water Pollution. Available water resources are degrading rapidly. (1) The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas.
(2) In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilisers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers.
(3) The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when the flow of water is low.
Polluted Rivers. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers.
The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are : the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Musi of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi. Groundwater pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.
Question 7. Examine the success of watershed management in Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh. Answer: A case study for Water Shed Management Location: Jhabua district is located in the westernmost agro-climatic zone in Madhya Pradesh. It is, in fact, one of the five most backward districts of the country. It is characterised by high concentration of tribal population (mostly Bhils).
Problems: The people suffer due to poverty which has been accentuated by the high rate of resource degradation, both forest and land. The watershed management programmes funded by both the ministries of “Rural Development” and “Agriculture”, Government of India, have been successfully implemented in Jhabua district which has gone a long way in preventing land degradation and improving soil quality.
Programmes: Watershed Management Programmes acknowledge the linkage between land, water and vegetation and attempts to improve livelihoods of people through natural resource management and community participation. In the past five years, the programmes funded by the Ministry of Rural Development alone (implemented by Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management) has treated 20 per cent of the total area under Jhabua district.
The Petlawad block of Jhabua is located in the northernmost part of the district and represents an interesting and successful case of Government-NGO partnership and community participation in managing watershed programmes. The Bhils in Petlawad block, for example (Sat Rundi hamlet of Karravat village), through their own efforts, have revitalised large parts of common property resources. Each household planted and maintained one tree on the common property.
They also have planted fodder grass on the pasture land and adopted social-fencing of these lands for at least two years. Even after that, they say, there would be no open grazing on these lands, but stall feeding of cattle, and they are thus confident that the pastures they have developed would sustain their cattle in future.
Question 8. Explain any three factors responsible for depletion of water resources. Examine any two legislative measures for controlling water pollution in India. Answer: Depletion of water resources:
Water resources in India are very rapidly decreasing. It is due to the following reasons:
The use of water is increasing due to increasing population.
The Industrial sector is using water resources at a fast rate.
Water is used for irrigation to increase the agricultural productivity.
Water pollution is increasing.
Legislative measures : (i) The legislative provisions such as the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 and Environment Protection Act 1986, have not been implemented effectively.
(ii) The Water Cess Act 1977, meant to reduce pollution has also made marginal impacts. There is a strong need to generate public awareness about the importance of water and the impacts of water pollution. The public awareness and action can be very effective in reducing the pollutants from agricultural activities, domestic and industrial discharge.
Question 9. Analyse the economic and social values of rainwater harvesting. Answer: Economic and Social values of rainwater.
It meets the ever increasing demand of water.
It prevents the flooding of roads.
It help to save energy.
It helps in the economic development of a country.
It reduces groundwater pollution.
Question 10. Describe the Jal Kranti Abhiyan. Answer: In 2015-16 the Government of India launched the Jal Kranti Abhiyan with an aim to ensure water security through per capita availability of water in our country. In different regions of India people had practised their traditional knowledge of water conservation to ensure water availability. This Abhiyan aims at involving local bodies, NGO, etc. regarding its objectives.
Following are some activities of this Abhiyan:
One water stressed village is selection in each 672 districts of the country to generate a Jal Gram.
Here students can get info about NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science so that they can get to know the answers to the questions in case they are not able to find it. You can find the best Class 6th Science NCERT Solutions explained in conformance with the CBSE curriculum for Class 6.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water
1. Fill up the blanks in the following: (a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called_______________ . (b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called_____________ . (c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to _____________ in that region. (d) Excessive rains may cause__________ . Ans: (a) evaporation or vaporisation (b) condensation (c) droughts (d) flood
2. State for each of the following whether it is due to evaporation or condensation: (a) Water drops appear on the outer surface of a glass containing cold water. (b) Steam rising from wet clothes while they are ironed. (c) Fog appearing on a cold winter morning. (d) Blackboard dries up after wiping it. (e) Steam rising from a hot girdle when water is sprinkled on it. Ans: (a) condensation (b) evaporation (c) condensation (d) evaporation (e) evaporation.
3. Which of the following statements are “true”? (a) Water vapour is present in air only during the monsoon. (b) Water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers and lakes but not from the soil. (c) The process of water changing into its vapour is called evaporation. (d) The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight
(e) Water vapour condenses to form tiny droplets of water in the upper layers of air where it is cooler. Ans: (a) False (b) False (c) True (d) False (e) True.
4. Suppose you want to dry your school uniform quickly. Would spreading it near an anghiti or heater help you? If yes, how? Ans: Yes, to dry the school uniform quickly, the uniform is spread near an anghiti or heater because evaporation is rapid at higher temperature. Higher the temperature faster is the rate of evaporation. So the uniform is dried up quickly.
5. Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table. After some time you notice a puddle of water around it. Why? Ans: The cooled water bottle has very cold exposed surface. Due to cool surface there is condensation of water-vapour from air on the surface of water bottle because water vapour is present in atmosphere. The condensed water molecules spread around the bottle. So a puddle of water is noticed after sometime.
6.To clean their spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them wet. Explain why the glasses become wet? Ans: The breathe out gases contain water-vapour. The water-vapour condenses at spectacles so glass becomes wet and with the help of small amount of water, it is easy to clean the spectacles.
7. How are clouds formed? Ans: The water present on the earth evaporates due to heating by the sun. The water vapour in the air condenses to form tiny droplets of water at high altitude, which appears as clouds. Thus clouds are formed by the condensation of water vapours present in air at high altitude.
8. When does a drought occur? Ans: If there is no rain for a long period or for many years then there is scarcity of water in that region. This leads to drought.
Class 6 Science Chapter 14 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Write the sources of water on the earth. Ans: Sources of water on the earth are: Seas, Oceans, Rivers, Springs, Tubewells, etc.
2. In which forms, water exists on the earth? Ans: Water exists on the earth in all three physical forms: ice, water and water vapour.
3. What is transpiration? Ans: Loss of water in the form of water vapour through stomata of leaves is called transpiration.
4. How are the clouds formed? Ans: Clouds are formed by the condensation of water vapour at high altitude.
5. What is meant by the conservation of water? Ans: Careful, economical and wise use of water and avoiding the wastage of water is called conservation of water.
Class 6 Science Chapter 14 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Mention two main functions of water for living organisms. Ans: Two main functions of water for living organisms are: 1. Water is essential for the germination of seeds, growth of plants and in photosynthesis. 2. Water is used for the transportation of people and goods.
2. Why is ocean water not suitable for domestic use? Ans: Sea and ocean water contains large amounts of various salts. It is due to these salts the ocean water is salty and cannot be used for drinking, washing and for irrigation purposes.
3. Why does the water split on the floor disappear after some time? Ans: Due to evaporation the water split is changed into water vapour. So it disappears after some time.
4. How does heavy rain affect us? Ans: Heavy rains may cause: 1. A rise of water level in dams, rivers, lakes, etc. 2. Waterlogging and floods. 3. Floods cause damage to property, crops and animals.
5. How does the failure of rainfall affect people on the earth? Ans: The failure of rainfall can cause the following: 1.The soil becomes dry. 2. Water level in rivers, lakes, dams, etc. may fall. Ponds and canals may even dry up. 3. The ground water level falls.
6. Name two processes responsible for the formation of clouds. Ans: Evaporation and transpiration.
There are 4 containers A, B, C and D with same amount of water in each. Answer the following based on them. (a) Name the container in which water will evaporate faster than all others. (b) Name the container in which water will evaporate very slowly. Give reason for your answer. Ans. (a) C – More is the exposed surface area, more will be evaporation of water. (b) B – As it is closed, no evaporation takes place.
8. During winters why do we see more fog in close areas where there are lots of .trees? Ans: Due to lots of trees, air at that place contains much more water vapour during winters. These vapour condense on dust or smoke particles forming thick fog.
Class 6 Science Chapter 14 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by conservation of water? Suggest three methods to conserve water. Ans: Careful and economical use of water and avoiding its wastage is called conservation of water. Suggestions for conserving water:
Use only the required quantity of water.
Trees and forests help in causing rainfall. So to conserve water, we should plant more and more trees.
By collecting rainwater in tanks, ponds or by constructing check dams.
2. What is rainwater harvesting? Describe the method of rainwater harvesting. Ans: Rainwater harvesting is the collection of rainwater and storing for future use. In this system rainwater in collected from the rooftops by means of pipes into storage tank for later use. Methods of Rainwater Harvesting:
Rooftop rainwater harvesting. In this system, the rainwater from the rooftop is collected in a storage tank, through pipes.
Another method, a big pit is dug near house for collecting rainwater. This pit is filled with different layers of bricks, coarse gravels and sand or granite pieces.
In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 15 LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY INDIA- PEOPLE AND ECONOMY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter
NCERT MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONSON LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE
Question 1. Discuss the geographical conditions favouring the cultivation of wheat. Describe production and areas of cultivation in India. Answer: Wheat is one of the master grains of the world. It is the ‘staple food’ for 1/3 people of the world. It is a valuable cereal due to high gluten content. It has been grown since pre-historic times. It was originally grown in Mediterranean lands.
Conditions of Growth. Wheat is a plant of temperate latitudes. It is grown in a variety of climates. The cultivation of wheat is widespread in the world. Every month, wheat is being seeded or being harvested in some part of the world.
(i) Temperature. Wheat requires a minimum temperature of 10°C in the growing period and a maximum temperature of 20°C in the harvesting period. A frost-free period of 100 days is required for wheat.
(ii) Rainfall. The wheat lands generally need a moderate rainfall between 50 to 100 cms. annually. Wheat needs a cool and wet growing season, but a warm and a dry harvesting season.
(iii) Irrigation. Means of irrigation are used in areas of low rainfall as in Indus and Punjab. Dry farming methods are also used.
(iv) Soil. Light clay or heavy loamy soil is the best soil for wheat.
(v) Land. Wheat needs well-drained level land. It suits the use of machinery and means of irrigation.
(vi) Economic Factors: Wheat is a soil exhausting crop. Better seeds, chemical fertilisers and new varieties are used to increase the yield per hectare. It is a mechanised agriculture.Machines like tractors, combines, harvesters are often used. Huge stores are required to store wheat.
Production in India: India ranks as the second largest producer of wheat in the world (12% production). Wheat is a winter crop and India produces about 67 million metric tons of wheat. India has become self-sufficient in wheat production due to Green Revolution, yield per hectare is 2618 kg.
Area of cultivation: Wheat is grown in most of the Sutlej-Ganga plain (N.W. India). Spring wheat is grown in hilly areas of Lahaul-Spiti (Himachal Pradesh), Ladakh, Sikkim in the Sub-Himalayan region, upto a height of 2700 metres. Wheat is grown on 14% of Net Sown area. Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are the main wheat producing areas. These regions have the favourable conditions of fertile soils, winter rain, irrigation facilities.
Question 2. Describe the conditions of growth, production and major area of cultivation of rice in India. Answer: Rice had been cultivated since pre-historic times. China and India are regarded as the birthplace of rice. Rice is the staple food of millions of people in monsoon Asia. Rice is also called ‘Gift of Asia’.
Types of rice: There are many varieties of rice but rice is broadly divided into two types (i) Upland Rice. This rice is grown in hilly areas and has low yields. (ii) Lowland Rice. This rice is grown on the lowland areas of river valleys and deltas and has high yields.
Methods of cultivation: Rice is sown by three methods: (i) Drilling method (ii) Broadcasting method. (iii) Transplanting method.
Conditions of growth: Rice is a crop of hot-wetland of the tropics. Rice cultivation is concentrated in Monsoon Asia. (i) Temperature. Rice needs a temperature of 20°C during the growing season and a temperature of 27°C during the harvesting period. Due to uniformly high temperature, 3 crops of rice a year are produced in West Bengal.
(ii) Rainfall. Rice is a plant of wet areas with an annual rainfall between 100 to 200 cms. Rice is grown in flooded fields. Irrigation is used in areas of low rainfall as in Punjab.
(iii) Land. Rice needs level land so that the fields can be flooded. Rice is grown on hilly slopes with Terraced Agriculture upto a height of 2000 metres.
(iv) Soils. Heavy clay or loamy soil is the ideal soil for rice. River valleys, delta and coastal plains are most suited for rice cultivation.
(v) Cheap Labour. Rice needs large supply of cheap human labour. It is labour intensive crop because most of the work in the fields is done by hand. It is also called ‘Hoe-culture’. The densely populated areas supply cheap plentiful labour.
In brief we can say ‘Rice needs plenty of heat, plenty of water, plenty of alluvium, plenty of labour to produce plenty of rice for plenty of people. ’
India. India is the second largest producer of rice in the world. About 24% (22%) of the (40 million hect.) cultivated land is under rice. India produces about 86 million metric tons of rice. Over large areas, only one crop of rice is grown every year. The yield per hectare is not high. High-yielding varieties are being used to increase the production. Yield per hectare is 1562 kg.
West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India. Due to hot and wet climate, 3 crops are grown on the same land in a year. Aman, Aus and Boro are the three types of rice crops. Rice is grown throughout the Sutlej-Ganges plain in Punjab, Haryana (with irrigation), Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and coastal plains.
Question 3. Describe the conditions of growth, production, areas of cultivation of cotton in India. Answer: Cotton is the leading fibre crop of the world. Of all the fibres, cotton is produced in the largest quantity. It is known from the writing of Herodotus that cotton has been in use in India since 3000 BCE. It is a universal fibre. Now-a-days many synthetic fibres are being used, but the cheapness and lightness of cotton make it an ideal fibre for clothing.
Conditions of Growth. Cotton is a plant of tropical and subtropical areas. (i) Temperature. Cotton needs uniformly high summer temperatures between 22°C to 32°C. It requires a warm climate with bright sunshine. Frost is harmful to cotton plant. A growing period of 210 frost free days is necessary. It is grown as an annual crop. Sea breezes increase the lustre and length of the cotton fibre.
(ii) Rainfall. Cotton needs light to moderate rainfall between 50 to 100 cms. It needs light showers during the growing period and a dry sunny picking period.
(iii) Irrigation. In arid areas, irrigation is used. It increases the yield per hectare as in Punjab.
(iv) Soils. Cotton grows best on rich,well-drained loamy soils. Lava soil is capable of retaining moisture and is highly suitable for the cultivation of cotton. Regular use of fertilisers is required to maintain the fertility of the soil.
(v) Cheap Labour. Cotton is picked by hand. Generally women labour is used. The presence of large, cheap and hard-working labour is necessary.
(vi) Land. Cotton is grown best on flat, or rolling lands. These are well-drained areas. Machinery can be used in such areas.
(vii) Absence of Diseases. The control of pests and diseases is necessary. India. India is the fourth largest producer (8.3%) of cotton in the world. India has the largest acreage under cotton cultivation. India is the oldest cotton- producing country in the world. The Cotton Textile Industry depends on Indian cotton. India has low yield of cotton.
Mostly short staple cotton is produced. Long staple cotton is imported from Egypt, Sudan and Pakistan. About 65 lakh hectare area (4.7% area) is under cotton cultivation. The total production is 20 lakh tonnes.
Areas of Cultivation. Due to a great diversity in climate and soil the cotton producing areas are found scattered over India. Southern India produces more cotton than Northern India.
(i) Black Cotton Soil Region. This is chief cotton growing area of India on the lava soils of North-West Deccan. Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are the major cotton-producing states.
(ii) Red Soil Region. Medium staple cotton is grown in the red soil area including the states of Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(iii) Alluvial Soil Region. Long staple cotton (Narma) is grown on the Alluvial soils of Northern plain. The states of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan are the important producers of cotton. Punjab has the highest yield per hectare due to wrarm climate, fertile soil and facilities of irrigation.
Question 4. Describe the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of Tea. Describe its production and distribution in India. Answer: Tea is the most popular and stimulating drink in the world. Assam (India) and China are the native places of tea. Tea plantations were started by the Europeans. Tea is made from the leaves of a tropical bush. It contains a stimulating substance called Theme’or ‘Tannic acid.’
Types of Tea. Different varieties of Tea fall into four main types:
Black Tea.
Green Tea.
Brick Tea.
Oolong Tea.
Conditions of Growth. Tea is a plant of both tropical and temperate areas. (i) Temperature. Tea requires uniformly high temperature (20°C – 30°C) throughout the year. More pickings can be done due to warm summers. Frost is harmful for tea leaves.
(ii) Rainfall. An annual rainfall of 150 cms. is essential for the growth of tea. Rainfall should be uniform and in frequent showers. Long-dry season is harmful for tea. Shady trees protect tea-bushes from strong sunlight. Irrigation is also used.
(iii) Soil. Tea requires a deep and fertile soil. Soil should be acidic to give better flavour. A content of iron and potash is helpful.
(iv) Land. Tea is grown on gently sloping, well- drained hilly slopes and valley-sides. Tea plantations are most suited upto a height of 300 metres above sea level.
(v) Labour. Tea is a labour intensive crop. It requires a cheap, skilled labour for picking tea leaves. Picking is done by hand. Mostly women labour is used for picking.
(vi) Management. A successful tea plantation requires a good management and huge capital.
(vii) Weather. Heavy fog, high humidity and morning dew favour the growth of tea leaves.
Major Producing Areas:
India. Tea is a commercial crop in India. India is the largest producer of Tea (28%) of the world. India is the third largest exporter of tea in the world, earning a foreign exchange of ? 1100 crores. There are about 12000 tea estates managed by 700 tea companies. The total production is 81 crore kg. Areas of Cultivation. More tea is produced in Northern India than Southern India.
(a) Assam. Assam is the largest producer of tea in India. Tea is grown on the valley-sides of Brahmputra and in Duar region. Hot-Wet Monsoon climate, cheap labour, fertile land and good management are favourable factors.
(b) West Bengal. Tea is grown in Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in West Bengal. Darjeeling tea has a special flavour. This flavour is due to slow growth under high humidity and low temperature due to high altitude.
(c) Southern India. Tea is grown on the slopes of Nilgiris, Cardamom and Anamalai hills. Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Malabar coast (Kerala), Coorg region (Karnataka) and Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) are important areas of tea production.
(d) Other Areas.
Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand.
Palampur in Himachal Pradesh.
Kumaon and Garhwal hills in Uttarakhand.
Tripura Region.
Question 5. Describe the conditions of growth, production and distribution of coffee in India. Answer: Coffee. Coffee is a plantation crop. It is a powder obtained from the seeds of berries of a tree. It contains a stimulating substance called “Caffeine”. Next to tea, coffee is the most popular drink in the world. It is prized for its flavour. Conditions of Growth. Coffee is a plant of tropical and sub-tropical regions.
(i) Temperature. Coffee requires uniformly high temperature (22 °C), throughout the year. Strong winds and frost are harmful. Therefore, coffee is planted on the protected hill slopes.
(ii) Rainfall. Coffee needs an annual rainfall of 100 to 150 cms. Coffee needs a hot-wet growing season, but a cool dry harvesting season. Irrigation is also used in dry season.
(iii) Shady Trees. Coffee can’t stand direct sunshine. Therefore coffee trees are planted under shady trees such as bananas.
(iv) Soils. Coffee needs deep, fertile soil. It should contain iron, potash and organic content. Lava soils and deep loams are suitable.
(v) Land. Coffee grows best on well-drained hill slopes. Most of coffee is grown at height up to 1000 metres.
(vi) Cheap Labour. Coffee has to be hand picked. Therefore a large, cheap labour is required. The transplanting, pruning, harvesting and processing of coffee need a large supply of human labour.
(vii) Absence of disease. Most of the coffee plantations have been destroyed due to insects like beetle. So plant protection from diseases is necessary.
India. Coffee was introduced by a Muslim faqir named Baba Boodan’. Coffee plantations were started in 1830 in Chick-mangloor district (Karnataka). India produces about two lakh tonne coffee on the area of 2 lakh hectares. About 60% of the total production is exported through the ports of Kozhi-Kode, Chennai
and Mangaluru. India earns a foreign exchange of about ₹ 1500 crores by this export.
Areas of Cultivation: Cool climate doesn’t encourage coffee cultivation in Northern India. Coffee is mostly grown in the hills and plateaus of Southern India in Shimoga, Kadoor, Hassan and Coorg districts (Nilgiris in Karnataka).
Question 6. Analyse the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of Sugarcane. Describe the major producing areas of Sugarcane in India. Answer: Sugar is an important item in man’s food. Sugar is most widely liked and used in the world. This luxury item has a universal demand. The two main sources of sugar are sugarcane and sugar beet. About 5% sugar of the world is obtained from sugarcane. It is a commercial and industrial crop. Many products like Gur, Molasses, Paper, Wax and Fertilizers are prepared from sugarcane. India is considered the native place of sugarcane.
Conditions of Growth. Sugarcane is a plant of hot and wet tropical region. (i) Temperature. High temperatures between 21°C and 27°C are required throughout the year. It is grown in a long sunny growing season. Frost and cloudiness are harmful for sugarcane.
(ii) Rainfall. A rainfall of 100 to 175 cms. is required. The harvesting period should be dry. Sugarcane is grown under irrigation in dry areas.
(iii) Soils. Sugarcane is grown well on deep, fertile soils which can retain moisture. Alluvial soils, volcanic soils and calcareous (Limestone) soils are best suited for the growth of sugarcane.
(iv) Cheap Labour. Large supply of cheap labour is required mainly at the harvest time.
(v) Land. Sugarcane is cultivated on level, well- drained low lands. Such areas provide easy transportation, irrigation and use of machines.
(vi) Sea-Breezes. In coastal areas, sea breezes are useful. These increase the sugar content.
(vii) Use of fertilisers. Soils are kept fertile with the use of fertilisers. It gives high yields.
Major Sugarcane Producing Areas:
India. India is the second largest and the oldest sugarcane producer (23%) in the world. India has the largest acreage (33%) under sugarcane in the world. But the yield is low. In India, favourable conditions are found in Southern India. This region with hot- wet climate gives better yield. About 60% of sugarcane is produced in Northern plain due to fertile soils. India produces about 2900 lakh metric ton sugarcane on an area of 33 lakh hectares.
Areas of Cultivation: The sugar belt of India extends from Gurdaspur (Punjab) to Darbhanga (Bihar), Uttar Pradesh with a production of 88 lakh tonnes, is the largest producer of sugarcane in India. It is grown in Doab, Terai and Gorakhpur region. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Punjab and Bihar are other main producers of sugarcane.
Question 7. Describe the conditions of growth, production and distribution of Millets in India. Answer: Millets (i) Jowar. Jowar ranks third in area among foodgrains. Jowar can be grown in semi-arid and arid having rainfall under 45 cms. High temperature is necessary for its growth. It is generally grown on poor soils and in precarious rainfall zones. Jowar is both kharif and rabi crop. About 7.0 million hectares (5.3%) are devoted to this crop in India. Thanks to the hybrid seeds, its production increased.
Jowar is grown throughout the peninsular India but its notable concentration is on heavy or medium black soils and in regions with annual rainfall under 100 cms. Half (50.1%) of the jowar cropped area of the country is in Maharashtra. Karnataka (21.2%), Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh are also major jowar producers.
(ii) Bajra. Bajra, an inferior millet crop, is grown on lighter soils and drier conditions than jowar, and therefore, does well on well-drained sandy, loamy soils and shallow black soils. Marusthali and Aravalli hills of Rajasthan, south-western Haryana, Chambal basin, south-western Uttar Pradesh; Kachchh, Kathiawar and northern Gujarat, and rain shadow area of Western Ghats of Maharashtra are important areas of bajra cultivation. It is also a rainfed kharif crop.
Bajra occupies 7.6 million hectares (about 5.0%) of cropped area of the country. Its production increased to 4.6 million tonnes. Rajasthan, is the largest bajra producing state in the country. Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana are other important producers of bajra.
(iii) Maize. Maize occupies 3.6 per cent of the cropped area of the country. Its production was 10.3 million tonnes. Both the area and production have increased rapidly. Use of yield raising hybrid strains, fertilisers, and irrigation helped in enhancing productivity. Production of maize has increased ten times between 1951 and 2001.
Maize is cultivated throughout the country. Karnataka ranks first in production, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh are other producers.
(iv) Pulses. Pulses are the main source of protein in Indian diet. They are leguminous crops and enhance soil fertility by fixing. Nitrogen Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. Tur (pigeonpea), urd (black gram), moong (green gram), and moth (brown gram) are major kharif crops and gram, peas, tur, masoor (lentil) and urd are rabi crops. Their production rose from 8.4 million tonnes to 11.4 million tonnes.
(v) Gram is the principal pulse crop in the country. The major gram growing areas are the Malwa plateau of Madhya Pradesh, north-eastern Rajasthan and southern Uttar Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh produces more than two-fifths (40.8%) of the total gram output in the country, Uttar Pradesh is next to it (19.6%).
Tur is another important pulse crop. Major tur producers are Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. The distribution of other pulse crops varies widely. Uttar Pradesh produced 2.2 million tonnes (20.3%) of pulses, and thus was the largest producer of pulses in the country. Madhya Pradesh (19.5%), and Maharashtra (15.3%) are other major pulse producing states.
Question 8. What is Green Revolution ? What are its effects ? Answer: Green Revolution. Since the 1960s a new strategy has beer used for the intensive agricultural development in India. It has led to a rapid increase in the production of foodgrains in the country. A revolution has taken place in the agricultural methods and technology.
This revolution is known as Green Revolution. It includes the use of better quality seeds, high yielding varieties, chemical fertilisers, agricultural machinery, and to provide irrigation facilities. It has led to a complete modernisation of Indian agriculture.
This strategy was introduced to do away with food shortage and import of foodgrains. In 1965, the total production of foodgrains was 90 million tonnes. It became essential to increase the cropped area total production and yield per hectare. Wonderful results were achieved through Green Revolution. The total production of foodgrains in 2005-2006 has increased to above 230 million tonnes. In fact, Green Revolution has been a grain revolution.
It is clear from the following table :
Year
Foodgrains production (Million tonnes)
1966—67
74
1970—71
107
1977—78
110
1980—81
111
1984—35
150
1989—90
175
2005—06
230
2015—16
280
The adoption of Green Revolution has given a boost to agricultural development in many aspects such as— (i) The cropped area has increased due to multiple cropping.
(ii) The use of high yielding varieties of wheat and rice like Kalyan, Sonalika, Jaya, Ratna, etc. has led to increased yields per hectare. The yield of wheat rose from 13 quintal per hectare to 33 quintal per hectare in Punjab. In case of rice, a 45% increase in productivity was obtained in Andhra Pradesh.
(iii) The use of extensive irrigation increased the total production of foodgrains.
(iv) Use of chemical fertilisers led to higher yield per hectare.
(v) Massive programme of farm mechanisation, use of better quality seeds, and pesticides, use of agricultural implements has led to the success of Green Revolution.
Social effects: The standard of living of farmers has risen due to increase in per capita income. Tractor is a common asset in Punjab. Literacy has risen among the farmers. Recreation facilities are increasing due to Green Revolution.
It has not been possible to apply Green Revolution all over the country. Due to inadequate facilities of irrigation, fertilisers, lack of capital to purchase machinery, uneconomic size of land holdings, the sm all farmers could not take the advantage of Green Revolution.
Question 9. ‘Inspite of significant I development, Indian Agriculture suffers from some problems? Explain. Or “Erratic monsoons and indebtness” are the major problems of Indians for agricultureSuggest and explain the measures to overcome these problems. Or Describe the major challenges of I agriculture in present india. Or “Lack of Land reforms and degradation I of cultivable land are the major problems of Indian agriculture.” Substantiate the ; statement. Or “Erratic monsoon and low productivity are the major problems of Indian ; agriculture.” Substantiate the ; statement. Answer: Problems of Indian Agriculture. Though Herculean efforts are being made for agricultural development, productivity of crops, however, is still low in comparison to the developed countries of the world. This situation is the result of the interplay of several factors. These are grouped into four classes: (i) environmental (ii) economic (iii) institutional, and (iv) technological.
(i) Environmental Factors. The most serious problem is the erratic nature of the monsoon. Temperature remains high throughout the year. Therefore, crops can be grown all the year round if sufficient water could be supplied regularly. But it is not possible because major portion of the country receives rainfall during 3-4 months and rainfall amount and its seasonal and regional distribution are highly variable.
This situation affects the agricultural development. Major part of the country is sub-humid, sub-arid and arid as far as amount of rainfall is concerned. These regions suffer from frequent occurrences of droughts. Development of irrigation and water harvesting can raise productivity of these regions.
(ii) Economic factors. Investment in agriculture, use of inputs such as HYV, fertilisers etc. and transport facilities constitute economic factors. On account of lack of marketing facilities or non availability of loan on fair rate of interest, the cultivators are not able to invest the requisite resources in agriculture. This results in low productivity. In fact the pressure of population on land is continuously increasing. Consequently, per capita cropped land has declined from 0.444 hectare in 1921 to 0.296 hectare in 1961 and 0,219 hectare in 1991. The land holdings being small, the capacity to invest is also low.
(iii) Institutional factors. Increasing pressure of population is responsible for the sub-division and fragmentation of holdings. In 1961-62, about 52% of total holdings were marginal and small (below 2 ha. in size). In 1990-91, the percentage reached to 78% of the total holdings. Most of these holdings are also fragmented into a number of tiny plots. The uneconomic size of holdings is one of the major obstacles in the way of modernisation of agriculture. Land tenure system also does not favour large scale investment by tenants because of the insecurity of tenure.
(iv) Technological factors. Agricultural techniques are old and inefficient. Wooden plough and bullocks are still used by a majority of farmers. Mechanization is very limited. Use of fertilisers and HYV of seeds are also limited. Only one-third of the cropped area could be provided irrigation facilities. Its distribution is not in accordance with the deficit
Question 10. Review any five measures adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture. Answer: Agriculture is a very important sector of Indian economy. In spite of the phenomenal progress particularly since the 1960s, Indian agriculture still suffers from several serious problems, such as :
(1) Dependence on Erratic Monsoon : Unfortunately, most parts of the India receive rainfall in 3 – 4 months of the rainy season and rest of the year is practically dry, large (parts) of the country do not receive sufficient amount of rainfall. Such areas can give high agricultural productivity if sufficient arrangements for irrigation and water harvesting are made.
(2) Low Productivity : Yields of almost all the crops in India is very low. High pressure of population results in low labour productivity. We have to use HYV seeds and fertilizes to increase the productivity.
(3) Small Farm Size: Small land holdings is major obstacle in the way of modernisation of agriculture. These are some states where consolidation of holding has not yet been carried out even once.
(4) Lack of Commercialisation : Indian agriculture is still of subsistence type. Foodgrains produced by small and marginal farmers are just sufficient to meet the requirement of the family members of the farmers. Irrigation and modern farm techniques has spread to the country at a rapid pace.
(5) Lack of development of rural infrastructure, withdrawal of subsidies and price support and crop rotation etc., reduce the regional imbalances if these implement properly.
Here students can get info about NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science so that they can get to know the answers to the questions in case they are not able to find it. You can find the best Class 6th Science NCERT Solutions explained in conformance with the CBSE curriculum for Class 6.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets
1. Fill in the blanks in the following: (i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as_________ ,_______ and (ii) The materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called_________ (iii) Paper is not a________ (iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of (v) A magnet always has ________poles. Ans: (i) bar magnet, horse-shoe magnet and cylindrical magnet (ii) magnetic materials (iii) magnetic (iv) bar magnet or lode stone (v) two or a pair of
2. State whether the following statements are true or false: (i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole. (ii) Natural magnets were discovered in Greece. (iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other. (iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them. (v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction when suspended freely in air. (vi) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place. (vii) Rubber is a magnetic material. Ans: (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) False (v) True (vi) True (vii) False
3. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it. Ans: Iron is used to make some part of sharpener due to which it is attracted toward magnet.
4. Column I shows different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed near that of the other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks. Ans:
5. Write any two properties of a magnet. Ans: Two properties of magnets are: (i) A magnet has two poles: North pole and South pole. (ii) Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
6. Where are poles of a bar magnet located? Ans: Poles are located at the ends of bar magnet just before the ends. These are north and south poles.
7. A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its north pole located? Ans: Take the bar magnet and suspend it freely with the help of a thread, the end that points towards north pole will be regarded as north end of the magnet. Take a bar magnet with known/marked poles on it. Let the north pole of the magnet be brought closer to the suspended magnet at the end that is pointing towards north, if it shows repulsion than it is confirmed.
8. You are given iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet? Ans: Making a magnet: Take an iron strip and place it on the table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its poles near one edge of the strip of iron. Without lifting it move it along the length of the iron strip till you reach the other end. Now lift the magnet and bring the pole to the same point of strip from where yob began. Repeat this process about 30-40 times. Bring some iron fillings near the strip and observe that the strip attracts the fillings. This indicates that the iron strip becomes magnet.
Remember that the pole of magnet and direction of its movement should not change.
9. How is compass used to find direction? Ans: A compass is a small case of glass. A magnetised needle is pivoted inside the box. The needle can rotate freely. Compass also has a dial with directions marked on it. The compass is kept at the place where we want to know the directions. When the needle comes to rest it indicates north-south direction. The compass is then rotated until the north and south marked on the dial are at the two ends of the needle. Usually different colours are used to point the ends of needle to identify the north and the south poles.
10. A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in water in a tub. Effect observed in each case is stated in Column I. Possible reason for the observed effects are mentioned in Column II. Match the statements given in Column I with those in Column II. Ans:
Class 6 Science Chapter 13 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Name the compound of iron contained in lode stone. Ans: The compound of iron is iron oxide or magnetite.
2. Name the shepherd after which magnet was named. Ans: Magnets.
3. How can you separate a magnetic substance from a mixture? Ans: By using a bar magnet, the magnetic substance is separated from mixture.
4. At which place on a magnet, its magnetic force is maximum? Ans: At poles.
5. In which direction does a suspended magnet come to rest? Ans: Magnet comes to rest in N-S (north-south) direction.
6. What happens when N-pole of a magnet is brought near the N-pole of a suspended magnet? Ans: There is repulsion between these two magnets as there is repulsion between like poles.
Class 6 Science Chapter 13 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Draw the diagram of (a) Bar magnet (b) Horse-shoe magnet. Ans:
2.Identify magnetic and non-magnetic substances from the list given below: Iron, Steel, Nickel, Plastic, Wood, Copper and a Stainless Steel spoon Ans:
3. Draw a diagram of a magnetic compass. Ans:
4. Write main properties of a magnet. Ans: (i) Magnet has two poles—south pole and north pole. (ii) Poles of magnet cannot be isolated. (iii) Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other. (iv) Freely suspended magnet aligns in N-S direction.
5.Write two methods by which a magnet can be demagnetised. Ans: (1) By hammering the magnet strongly. (2) By heating a magnet strongly and keeping it in the east-west direction.
6. It is advised to keep the magnets away from television, mobiles, CD and computers Explain why? Ans: Television, mobiles, CD, computers and many more devices are made up of magnetic materials and magnets in it. If you bring a magnet closer to it then it will spoil these devices.
7. Few iron nails and screws got mixed with the wooden shavings while a carpenter was working with them.How can you help him in getting the nails and screws back from the scrap without wasting his time in searching with his hands? Ans: With the help of a magnet we can attract all iron nails and screws and can separate them from the wooden shavings. As iron nails and screws are magnetic materials and will get attracted to the magnet,whereas wooden shavings are non-magnetic.
8. It is said that repulsion is a sure test for magnetism. Why is it so? Ans: To identify the magnet, repulsion (like poles of two magnets repel) is the only test which will let you know whether the given rod is an iron rod or a bar magnet. Because a magnet attracts an iron object and unlike poles of magnets also attract each other.
9. A given bar magnet was broken into pieces. Where will be its North and South pole? Ans: If you cut a bar magnet into pieces then the end labelled as North remains north and the other end formed will be south. Similarly the end that was pointing south will be south pole and its opposite end will be the new north pole.
10. You are given two rods. Out of these, one is an iron rod and the other one is magnet, how will you identify these rods? Ans: Take both the rods and suspend them separately. Bring one end of a bar magnet close to both the ends of the suspended rod. If it shows attraction at both the ends then it is an iron rod. If it shows attraction at one end and repulsion at the other end then it is a bar magnet.
Class 6 Science Chapter 13 LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Show that a magnet has two poles. What are the properties of the poles of a magnet? Ans. We know that pole is the point where the strength of the magnet is maximum. So more and more iron particles will be attracted at poles of a magnet when we bring a magnet near the iron particles. We will observe the crowdness of particles at the ends of magnet. This indicates the presence of two poles in a magnet. Hence poles are present in a magnet in pair. If a magnet is divided into two parts, each part also possesses a pair of poles.
