Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 7 Understanding Advertising | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 7 Understanding Advertising

MCQs

Question 1.
Where all do we see advertisements?
(a) Televisions
(b) newspapers
(c) magazines
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 2.
Advertisements draw our attention towards
(a) products
(b) brands
(c) brand values
(d) all of them

Question 1.
Why do we go to markets?
Answer:

We go to market to buy many things.
They are vegetables, soap, toothpaste, masala, bread, rice, daal, clothes, notebooks, biscuits etc.
The list of our purchases is really long.
Question 2.
Describe different kinds of markets.
Answer:

There are many kinds of markets that we go for our everyday needs.
They include shops, hawker’s stalls in our neighbourhood, a weekly market, a large shopping complex, perhaps even a mall.
Notes: What are different types of markets?
How do the goods reach the consumers?
What the issues related to buying and selling?

Weekly market

Question 1.
Why is a weekly market called so? How do they work?
Answer:

A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
Traders set up shops for the day.
They close them up in the evening.
They set up at a different place the next day.
There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.
Question 2.
Why are things cheaper in weekly markets?
Answer:
Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.
There are many sellers of the same product so, there is competition among them.
In weekly markets people bargain to bring the prices down.
Question 3.
What is effect of competition in weekly markets?
Answer:
Weekly markets have many shops selling same goods, so there is a competition between them. People have a choice to the vendor selling at low price. Thereby buyer can bargain and bring the price down.

Question 4.
What are the advantages of weekly markets?
Answer:
People go to the weekly market because of the following reasons:

They get all things of their use at one place.
The prices are less and bargaining can be done.
They can buy goods in smaller quantities.
People prefer weekly market because they get variety and choice of goods.
Question 5.
How and when does Sameer do good business?
Answer:

Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market.
He buys clothes from a large trader in the town and sells them in six different markets in a week.
He and other cloth sellers move in groups.
They hire a mini-van for this.
His customers are from villages that are near the market place.
At festival times such as during Deepawali or pongal, he does good business.
Shops in the Neighbourhood

Question 1.
What are different types of shops in the neighbourhood?
Answer:
Weekly markets offer variety of goods. There are other markets also like many shops sell goods and services in the neighbourhood.

Chemist / physician
Tailor / dry cleaner / garment shop
Grocery / departmental store
Hair Saloon/ florist/ sweet shop
We buy milk, groceries, stationary, eatables, medicines etc. Many of these are permanent. Some of them are roadside hawkers selling vegetables, fruits or flowers.

Question 2.
How are shops in our neighbourhood useful for us?
Answer:
Shops in our neighbourhood are useful for us in many ways.

They are near our home.
We can go there on any day of the week and at any time.
Usually the buyer and seller know each other.
These shops also provide goods on credit.
Question 3.
Define the term credit.
Answer:
In the neighbourhood markets people purchase goods without paying at that time and the shopkeeper notes it down. People pay at a later date when they have the money. This system is useful for low income group people.

Question 4.
What are the two types of sellers in our neighbourhood?
Answer:
There are different kinds of sellers even in our neighbourhood markets.

Some of them have permanent shops.
The others sell their goods on the roadside, as hawkers.
Some move from one house to another to sell their goods.
Some make home delivery of goods free of cartage charges.
Question 5.
How are the neighbourhood shops managed?
Answer:
Neighbourhood shops are generally managed by the owner with helpers.

The owners take the list of the items required. The helpers weigh and pack the things
The billing is done by the owner.
These shops have different products of different brands
They are organised on shelves which are easily visible to the customer
Question 6.
How did Sujata make purchases? How does she make payments?
Answer:

It took almost 20 minutes to weigh and pack all the groceries.
Then Sujata showed her notebook.
The woman noted an amount of ₹ 1550 in the notebook and gave it back.
She also noted the amount in her big register book.
With the heavy bags both moved out of the shop. Sujata’s family shall make the payment for the purchases in the first week of the next month.
Shopping Complexes and Malls

NOTES: Urban areas have another type of markets like shopping complex Anzal Plaza

They have glass lifts and escalators
Different type of shops selling variety of branded items
One can get anything from ice cream, pizza, footwear, home appliances to leather goods
They sell branded goods. Shops have security guards
Goods are generally costly here.
Question 1.
Why did the guard think of stopping Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop?
Answer:

He wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because he was not sure that they would buy goods from this shop.
I would say that I want to buy goods even if they are costlier.
Question 2.
Describe shopping complexes and malls.
Answer:
Shopping Complexes and Malls

There are other markets in urban areas.
They have many shops, popularly called shopping complexes.
These /lays in many urban areas there are large multi-airconditioned buildings with shops on different floors.
They are known as malls.
In these urban markets, we get both branded and non-branded goods.
They have restaurants and eating places.
They have multilevel parking.
They may have multiplex theatres.
Question 3.
Why are branded goods expensive?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive because they are advertised and claims better quality. The companies producing these sell them through shops in urban markets or special showrooms.This further add to their cost. Few people can afford to buy branded goods.

Chain of Markets

Question 1.
From where do you think shop owners procure their goods?
Answer:

Goods are produced in Factories, on farms and in homes.
We do not buy them directly from the factory or from the farm.
Producers are not interested in selling us goods in small quantities like one kilo
of vegetables or one plastic mug.
The people in between the producer and the final consumer are traders.
The wholesale trader first buys goods in large quantities.
Examples:

Vegetable wholesale trader does not buy a few kilos of vegetables. He buys them in bulk quantities. He sells them to retailers.
A retailer purchases vegetables in bulk from the wholesale trader. He sells them in small quantities to the consumers at higher rates.
Question 2.
Who is a retailer?
Answer:
In the markets buying and selling takes place between the traders. Through these traders the goods reach faraway places. The trader who finally sells the goods to consumer is the retailer. This could a in weekly market, a hawker or in a shopping complex.

Question 3.
How is chain of markets set up?
Answer:
Chain of markets has visible and invisible links.

Wholesalers buy the products in bulk directly from the producers.
Every city has areas with wholesale market from where the goods are supplied to other traders.
Retailers buy goods in smaller quantities from the wholesalers and take them to different parts of the city.
The road side hawkers further purchase these goods either from a wholesaler or a retailer to sell it in particular localities.
Wholesale trader bought large quantity of goods from factory or producers and store them in godowns.
In this way a chain of markets is set up through which the goods finally travel to reach us.
Certain services are also sold like this e.g., representatives of various companies go to the retailers or sometimes directly to the consumer to sell their products.
Chain of Markets serves the following purposes

Factories and wholesalers need not find consumers of their goods.
Several people get benefited.
Consumers get goods of their needs in small quantities.
They get goods from their nearby places, they do not need to walk long distances.
Factories and wholesalers do not sell goods in small quantities. It saves time and energy of the factory owners and the wholesalers.
Question 4.
What do the terms wholesale and retail refer to?
Answer:
Wholesale refers to buying or selling goods in large quantity like fruits, vegetables, flowers, kitchen items etc.
Retail means buying the goods in smaller quantity from the wholesaler and sell it in the local markets to the consumers.

NOTES: STORY OF AFTAB – Wholesaler In The City

Aftab a wholesaler starts his business around 2.am
Vegetables reaches the mandi from nearby areas
He participates in the auction for selecting which vegetables to buy
He stores these vegetables in his shop and further sells it to hawkers or shopkeepers.
These retailers come to the mandi around 6 am and reach their own areas by 10 in the morning.
Markets everywhere

Question 1.
Describe the various ways of selling and purchasing of goods.
Answer:

There are different market places where people buy and sell a variety of goods and services.
All these markets are in a specific locality.
They work in a particular manner and time.
These days it is not always necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
Orders can be placed for a variety of things through the phone and through the Internet.
Goods are delivered at the customer’s home.
In clinics and nursing homes, sales representatives come to take order for supplying medicines.
Sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus, buying and selling of goods takes place in different ways.
Question 2.
Give an account of those things which we do not directly use.
Answer:

We can recognise markets easily.
There are also such markets that we do not know.
A large number of goods are bought and sold that we do not use directly.
Examples
A farmer uses fertilizers to grow crops.
He purchases them from special shops in the city.
These shops get them from factories.
Likewise a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels etc. from various other factories.
We do not usually see all the buying and selling of these ancillaries but only the final product—the car in the showroom.
The story is similar for any other good.
Markets And Equality

Question 1.
Discuss the relationship between markets and equality.
Answer:
There are two types of sellers in the market, one in the weekly market and other in the shopping complex.
Small trader has little money whereas the other has more money to set up their shops. They earn unequal amounts. The weekly market traders earns little as compared of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.
Even buyers are also differently placed. There are some who can not afford cheapest of goods and some shop in malls.
Therefore these markets depend on money as buyers or sellers.

Question 2.
How does chain of markets works?
Answer:
Goods go through a chain of markets before reaching the consumer. Goods produced at one place reaches different areas through chain of markets. Selling of new products encourages productions and new earning opportunities.

Question 1.
Why do we go to markets?
Answer:

We go to market to buy many things.
They are vegetables, soap, toothpaste, masala, bread, rice, daal, clothes, notebooks, biscuits etc.
The list of our purchases is really long.
Question 2.
Describe different kinds of markets.
Answer:

There are many kinds of markets that we go for our everyday needs.
They include shops, hawker’s stalls in our neighbourhood, a weekly market, a large shopping complex, perhaps even a mall.
Notes: What are different types of markets?
How do the goods reach the consumers?
What the issues related to buying and selling?

Weekly market

Question 1.
Why is a weekly market called so? How do they work?
Answer:

A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
Traders set up shops for the day.
They close them up in the evening.
They set up at a different place the next day.
There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.
Question 2.
Why are things cheaper in weekly markets?
Answer:
Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.
There are many sellers of the same product so, there is competition among them.
In weekly markets people bargain to bring the prices down.
Question 3.
What is effect of competition in weekly markets?
Answer:
Weekly markets have many shops selling same goods, so there is a competition between them. People have a choice to the vendor selling at low price. Thereby buyer can bargain and bring the price down.

Question 4.
What are the advantages of weekly markets?
Answer:
People go to the weekly market because of the following reasons:

They get all things of their use at one place.
The prices are less and bargaining can be done.
They can buy goods in smaller quantities.
People prefer weekly market because they get variety and choice of goods.
Question 5.
How and when does Sameer do good business?
Answer:

Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market.
He buys clothes from a large trader in the town and sells them in six different markets in a week.
He and other cloth sellers move in groups.
They hire a mini-van for this.
His customers are from villages that are near the market place.
At festival times such as during Deepawali or pongal, he does good business.
Shops in the Neighbourhood

Question 1.
What are different types of shops in the neighbourhood?
Answer:
Weekly markets offer variety of goods. There are other markets also like many shops sell goods and services in the neighbourhood.

Chemist / physician
Tailor / dry cleaner / garment shop
Grocery / departmental store
Hair Saloon/ florist/ sweet shop
We buy milk, groceries, stationary, eatables, medicines etc. Many of these are permanent. Some of them are roadside hawkers selling vegetables, fruits or flowers.

Question 2.
How are shops in our neighbourhood useful for us?
Answer:
Shops in our neighbourhood are useful for us in many ways.

They are near our home.
We can go there on any day of the week and at any time.
Usually the buyer and seller know each other.
These shops also provide goods on credit.
Question 3.
Define the term credit.
Answer:
In the neighbourhood markets people purchase goods without paying at that time and the shopkeeper notes it down. People pay at a later date when they have the money. This system is useful for low income group people.

Question 4.
What are the two types of sellers in our neighbourhood?
Answer:
There are different kinds of sellers even in our neighbourhood markets.

Some of them have permanent shops.
The others sell their goods on the roadside, as hawkers.
Some move from one house to another to sell their goods.
Some make home delivery of goods free of cartage charges.
Question 5.
How are the neighbourhood shops managed?
Answer:
Neighbourhood shops are generally managed by the owner with helpers.

The owners take the list of the items required. The helpers weigh and pack the things
The billing is done by the owner.
These shops have different products of different brands
They are organised on shelves which are easily visible to the customer
Question 6.
How did Sujata make purchases? How does she make payments?
Answer:

It took almost 20 minutes to weigh and pack all the groceries.
Then Sujata showed her notebook.
The woman noted an amount of ₹ 1550 in the notebook and gave it back.
She also noted the amount in her big register book.
With the heavy bags both moved out of the shop. Sujata’s family shall make the payment for the purchases in the first week of the next month.
Shopping Complexes and Malls

NOTES: Urban areas have another type of markets like shopping complex Anzal Plaza

They have glass lifts and escalators
Different type of shops selling variety of branded items
One can get anything from ice cream, pizza, footwear, home appliances to leather goods
They sell branded goods. Shops have security guards
Goods are generally costly here.
Question 1.
Why did the guard think of stopping Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop?
Answer:

He wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because he was not sure that they would buy goods from this shop.
I would say that I want to buy goods even if they are costlier.
Question 2.
Describe shopping complexes and malls.
Answer:
Shopping Complexes and Malls

There are other markets in urban areas.
They have many shops, popularly called shopping complexes.
These /lays in many urban areas there are large multi-airconditioned buildings with shops on different floors.
They are known as malls.
In these urban markets, we get both branded and non-branded goods.
They have restaurants and eating places.
They have multilevel parking.
They may have multiplex theatres.
Question 3.
Why are branded goods expensive?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive because they are advertised and claims better quality. The companies producing these sell them through shops in urban markets or special showrooms.This further add to their cost. Few people can afford to buy branded goods.

Chain of Markets

Question 1.
From where do you think shop owners procure their goods?
Answer:

Goods are produced in Factories, on farms and in homes.
We do not buy them directly from the factory or from the farm.
Producers are not interested in selling us goods in small quantities like one kilo
of vegetables or one plastic mug.
The people in between the producer and the final consumer are traders.
The wholesale trader first buys goods in large quantities.
Examples:

Vegetable wholesale trader does not buy a few kilos of vegetables. He buys them in bulk quantities. He sells them to retailers.
A retailer purchases vegetables in bulk from the wholesale trader. He sells them in small quantities to the consumers at higher rates.
Question 2.
Who is a retailer?
Answer:
In the markets buying and selling takes place between the traders. Through these traders the goods reach faraway places. The trader who finally sells the goods to consumer is the retailer. This could a in weekly market, a hawker or in a shopping complex.

Question 3.
How is chain of markets set up?
Answer:
Chain of markets has visible and invisible links.

Wholesalers buy the products in bulk directly from the producers.
Every city has areas with wholesale market from where the goods are supplied to other traders.
Retailers buy goods in smaller quantities from the wholesalers and take them to different parts of the city.
The road side hawkers further purchase these goods either from a wholesaler or a retailer to sell it in particular localities.
Wholesale trader bought large quantity of goods from factory or producers and store them in godowns.
In this way a chain of markets is set up through which the goods finally travel to reach us.
Certain services are also sold like this e.g., representatives of various companies go to the retailers or sometimes directly to the consumer to sell their products.
Chain of Markets serves the following purposes

Factories and wholesalers need not find consumers of their goods.
Several people get benefited.
Consumers get goods of their needs in small quantities.
They get goods from their nearby places, they do not need to walk long distances.
Factories and wholesalers do not sell goods in small quantities. It saves time and energy of the factory owners and the wholesalers.
Question 4.
What do the terms wholesale and retail refer to?
Answer:
Wholesale refers to buying or selling goods in large quantity like fruits, vegetables, flowers, kitchen items etc.
Retail means buying the goods in smaller quantity from the wholesaler and sell it in the local markets to the consumers.

NOTES: STORY OF AFTAB – Wholesaler In The City

Aftab a wholesaler starts his business around 2.am
Vegetables reaches the mandi from nearby areas
He participates in the auction for selecting which vegetables to buy
He stores these vegetables in his shop and further sells it to hawkers or shopkeepers.
These retailers come to the mandi around 6 am and reach their own areas by 10 in the morning.
Markets everywhere

Question 1.
Describe the various ways of selling and purchasing of goods.
Answer:

There are different market places where people buy and sell a variety of goods and services.
All these markets are in a specific locality.
They work in a particular manner and time.
These days it is not always necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
Orders can be placed for a variety of things through the phone and through the Internet.
Goods are delivered at the customer’s home.
In clinics and nursing homes, sales representatives come to take order for supplying medicines.
Sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus, buying and selling of goods takes place in different ways.
Question 2.
Give an account of those things which we do not directly use.
Answer:

We can recognise markets easily.
There are also such markets that we do not know.
A large number of goods are bought and sold that we do not use directly.
Examples
A farmer uses fertilizers to grow crops.
He purchases them from special shops in the city.
These shops get them from factories.
Likewise a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels etc. from various other factories.
We do not usually see all the buying and selling of these ancillaries but only the final product—the car in the showroom.
The story is similar for any other good.
Markets And Equality

Question 1.
Discuss the relationship between markets and equality.
Answer:
There are two types of sellers in the market, one in the weekly market and other in the shopping complex.
Small trader has little money whereas the other has more money to set up their shops. They earn unequal amounts. The weekly market traders earns little as compared of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.
Even buyers are also differently placed. There are some who can not afford cheapest of goods and some shop in malls.
Therefore these markets depend on money as buyers or sellers.

Question 2.
How does chain of markets works?
Answer:
Goods go through a chain of markets before reaching the consumer. Goods produced at one place reaches different areas through chain of markets. Selling of new products encourages productions and new earning opportunities.

Answer

Answer: (d) all of them

Question 3.
What does refer to the person for whom the goods have been made and who pays money to buy and use them?
(a) Producer
(b) Consumer
(c) Advertiser
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Consumer

Question 4.
When a company takes masoor ki daal and puts it into a packet, it will need
(a) a special name (brand name)
(b) masoor ki daal
(c) top taste daal
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) a special name (brand name)

Question 5.
Who is confused because it really cannot be differentiated between top taste item and best taste item?
(a) Consumer
(b) Manufacturer
(c) Shopkeeper
(d) Dealer

Answer

Answer: (a) Consumer

Question 6.
What does refer to a thing or service that has been made for being sold in the market?
(a) Brand
(b) Brand value
(c) Product
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Product

Question 7.
Who try to sell products through advertisements?
(a) Favourite film stars
(b) Cricket heroes
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Question 8.
What is the rate for 30 seconds advertisement on a major T.V. channel?
(a) one lac rupees
(b) 1.50 lac rupees
(c) 1.65 lac rupees
(d) 2.10 lac rupees

Answer

Answer: (c) 1.65 lac rupees

Question 9.
What is important to make people aware of a product?
(a) Production
(b) Market
(c) Advertisement
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Advertisement

Question 10.
Producing and showing advertisements in the media is very
(a) cheap
(b) expensive
(c) excellent
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (b) expensive

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B:

Column AColumn B
1. Thing or Service(a) Social advertising
2. Who buys a product or service(b) Commercial advertising
3. Promote product or service(c) Product
4. Promote equality in society(d) Consumer
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Thing or Service(c) Product
2. Who buys a product or service(d) Consumer
3. Promote product or service(b) Commercial advertising
4. Promote equality in society(a) Social advertising

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. Advertisement helps building ………… name of products.

Answer

Answer: brand

2. Brand values are conveyed through the use of ………….. and …………..

Answer

Answer: visuals, words

3. ………….. advertisements are made by the government agencies to give social message.

Answer

Answer: Social

4. Branding means stamping a …………. with a name.

Answer

Answer: product

State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Social advertisements have no message to convey.

Answer

Answer: False

2. Advertisements play a role in convincing people to buy a product.

Answer

Answer: True

3. Advertisements mostly focus on the lives of rich and famous.

Answer

Answer: True

4. Branded products cost less than the unbranded ones.

Answer

Answer: False

Question 1.
Why do we go to markets?
Answer:

  • We go to market to buy many things.
  • They are vegetables, soap, toothpaste, masala, bread, rice, daal, clothes, notebooks, biscuits etc.
  • The list of our purchases is really long.

Question 2.
Describe different kinds of markets.
Answer:

  • There are many kinds of markets that we go for our everyday needs.
  • They include shops, hawker’s stalls in our neighbourhood, a weekly market, a large shopping complex, perhaps even a mall.

Notes: What are different types of markets?
How do the goods reach the consumers?
What the issues related to buying and selling?

Weekly market

Question 1.
Why is a weekly market called so? How do they work?
Answer:

  • A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
  • Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
  • Traders set up shops for the day.
  • They close them up in the evening.
  • They set up at a different place the next day.
  • There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.

Question 2.
Why are things cheaper in weekly markets?
Answer:
Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

  • Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
  • The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
  • Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.
  • There are many sellers of the same product so, there is competition among them.
  • In weekly markets people bargain to bring the prices down.

Question 3.
What is effect of competition in weekly markets?
Answer:
Weekly markets have many shops selling same goods, so there is a competition between them. People have a choice to the vendor selling at low price. Thereby buyer can bargain and bring the price down.

Question 4.
What are the advantages of weekly markets?
Answer:
People go to the weekly market because of the following reasons:

  • They get all things of their use at one place.
  • The prices are less and bargaining can be done.
  • They can buy goods in smaller quantities.
  • People prefer weekly market because they get variety and choice of goods.

Question 5.
How and when does Sameer do good business?
Answer:

  • Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market.
  • He buys clothes from a large trader in the town and sells them in six different markets in a week.
  • He and other cloth sellers move in groups.
  • They hire a mini-van for this.
  • His customers are from villages that are near the market place.
  • At festival times such as during Deepawali or pongal, he does good business.

Shops in the Neighbourhood

Question 1.
What are different types of shops in the neighbourhood?
Answer:
Weekly markets offer variety of goods. There are other markets also like many shops sell goods and services in the neighbourhood.

  • Chemist / physician
  • Tailor / dry cleaner / garment shop
  • Grocery / departmental store
  • Hair Saloon/ florist/ sweet shop

We buy milk, groceries, stationary, eatables, medicines etc. Many of these are permanent. Some of them are roadside hawkers selling vegetables, fruits or flowers.

Question 2.
How are shops in our neighbourhood useful for us?
Answer:
Shops in our neighbourhood are useful for us in many ways.

  • They are near our home.
  • We can go there on any day of the week and at any time.
  • Usually the buyer and seller know each other.
  • These shops also provide goods on credit.

Question 3.
Define the term credit.
Answer:
In the neighbourhood markets people purchase goods without paying at that time and the shopkeeper notes it down. People pay at a later date when they have the money. This system is useful for low income group people.

Question 4.
What are the two types of sellers in our neighbourhood?
Answer:
There are different kinds of sellers even in our neighbourhood markets.

  • Some of them have permanent shops.
  • The others sell their goods on the roadside, as hawkers.
  • Some move from one house to another to sell their goods.
  • Some make home delivery of goods free of cartage charges.

Question 5.
How are the neighbourhood shops managed?
Answer:
Neighbourhood shops are generally managed by the owner with helpers.

  • The owners take the list of the items required. The helpers weigh and pack the things
  • The billing is done by the owner.
  • These shops have different products of different brands
  • They are organised on shelves which are easily visible to the customer

Question 6.
How did Sujata make purchases? How does she make payments?
Answer:

  • It took almost 20 minutes to weigh and pack all the groceries.
  • Then Sujata showed her notebook.
  • The woman noted an amount of ₹ 1550 in the notebook and gave it back.
  • She also noted the amount in her big register book.
  • With the heavy bags both moved out of the shop. Sujata’s family shall make the payment for the purchases in the first week of the next month.

Shopping Complexes and Malls

NOTES: Urban areas have another type of markets like shopping complex Anzal Plaza

  • They have glass lifts and escalators
  • Different type of shops selling variety of branded items
  • One can get anything from ice cream, pizza, footwear, home appliances to leather goods
  • They sell branded goods. Shops have security guards
  • Goods are generally costly here.

Question 1.
Why did the guard think of stopping Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop?
Answer:

  • He wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because he was not sure that they would buy goods from this shop.
  • I would say that I want to buy goods even if they are costlier.

Question 2.
Describe shopping complexes and malls.
Answer:
Shopping Complexes and Malls

  • There are other markets in urban areas.
  • They have many shops, popularly called shopping complexes.
  • These /lays in many urban areas there are large multi-airconditioned buildings with shops on different floors.
  • They are known as malls.
  • In these urban markets, we get both branded and non-branded goods.
  • They have restaurants and eating places.
  • They have multilevel parking.
  • They may have multiplex theatres.

Question 3.
Why are branded goods expensive?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive because they are advertised and claims better quality. The companies producing these sell them through shops in urban markets or special showrooms.This further add to their cost. Few people can afford to buy branded goods.

Chain of Markets

Question 1.
From where do you think shop owners procure their goods?
Answer:

  • Goods are produced in Factories, on farms and in homes.
  • We do not buy them directly from the factory or from the farm.
  • Producers are not interested in selling us goods in small quantities like one kilo
    of vegetables or one plastic mug.
  • The people in between the producer and the final consumer are traders.

The wholesale trader first buys goods in large quantities.
Examples:

  • Vegetable wholesale trader does not buy a few kilos of vegetables. He buys them in bulk quantities. He sells them to retailers.
  • A retailer purchases vegetables in bulk from the wholesale trader. He sells them in small quantities to the consumers at higher rates.

Question 2.
Who is a retailer?
Answer:
In the markets buying and selling takes place between the traders. Through these traders the goods reach faraway places. The trader who finally sells the goods to consumer is the retailer. This could a in weekly market, a hawker or in a shopping complex.

Question 3.
How is chain of markets set up?
Answer:
Chain of markets has visible and invisible links.

  • Wholesalers buy the products in bulk directly from the producers.
  • Every city has areas with wholesale market from where the goods are supplied to other traders.
  • Retailers buy goods in smaller quantities from the wholesalers and take them to different parts of the city.
  • The road side hawkers further purchase these goods either from a wholesaler or a retailer to sell it in particular localities.
  • Wholesale trader bought large quantity of goods from factory or producers and store them in godowns.
  • In this way a chain of markets is set up through which the goods finally travel to reach us.
  • Certain services are also sold like this e.g., representatives of various companies go to the retailers or sometimes directly to the consumer to sell their products.

Chain of Markets serves the following purposes

  • Factories and wholesalers need not find consumers of their goods.
  • Several people get benefited.
  • Consumers get goods of their needs in small quantities.
  • They get goods from their nearby places, they do not need to walk long distances.
  • Factories and wholesalers do not sell goods in small quantities. It saves time and energy of the factory owners and the wholesalers.

Question 4.
What do the terms wholesale and retail refer to?
Answer:
Wholesale refers to buying or selling goods in large quantity like fruits, vegetables, flowers, kitchen items etc.
Retail means buying the goods in smaller quantity from the wholesaler and sell it in the local markets to the consumers.

NOTES: STORY OF AFTAB – Wholesaler In The City

  • Aftab a wholesaler starts his business around 2.am
  • Vegetables reaches the mandi from nearby areas
  • He participates in the auction for selecting which vegetables to buy
  • He stores these vegetables in his shop and further sells it to hawkers or shopkeepers.
  • These retailers come to the mandi around 6 am and reach their own areas by 10 in the morning.

Markets everywhere

Question 1.
Describe the various ways of selling and purchasing of goods.
Answer:

  • There are different market places where people buy and sell a variety of goods and services.
  • All these markets are in a specific locality.
  • They work in a particular manner and time.
  • These days it is not always necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
  • Orders can be placed for a variety of things through the phone and through the Internet.
  • Goods are delivered at the customer’s home.
  • In clinics and nursing homes, sales representatives come to take order for supplying medicines.
  • Sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus, buying and selling of goods takes place in different ways.

Question 2.
Give an account of those things which we do not directly use.
Answer:

  • We can recognise markets easily.
  • There are also such markets that we do not know.
  • A large number of goods are bought and sold that we do not use directly.
    Examples
  • A farmer uses fertilizers to grow crops.
  • He purchases them from special shops in the city.
  • These shops get them from factories.
  • Likewise a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels etc. from various other factories.
  • We do not usually see all the buying and selling of these ancillaries but only the final product—the car in the showroom.
  • The story is similar for any other good.

Markets And Equality

Question 1.
Discuss the relationship between markets and equality.
Answer:
There are two types of sellers in the market, one in the weekly market and other in the shopping complex.
Small trader has little money whereas the other has more money to set up their shops. They earn unequal amounts. The weekly market traders earns little as compared of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.
Even buyers are also differently placed. There are some who can not afford cheapest of goods and some shop in malls.
Therefore these markets depend on money as buyers or sellers.

Question 2.
How does chain of markets works?
Answer:
Goods go through a chain of markets before reaching the consumer. Goods produced at one place reaches different areas through chain of markets. Selling of new products encourages productions and new earning opportunities.

 

Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 6 Understanding Media | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 6 Understanding Media

MCQs

Question 1.
Which of the following are forms of media?
(a) T.V.
(b) Radio
(c) Newspaper
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 2.
Which one of the following is print media?
(a) Newspaper
(b) T.V.
(c) Radio
(d) Television

Answer

Answer: (a) Newspaper

Question 3.
Which has brought the world closer to us?
(a) Television
(b) Taperecorder
(c) Typewriter
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Television

Question 4.
Which type of media offer a large variety of information to suit the taste of different readers?
(a) Electronic media
(b) Print media
(c) Mass media
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Print media

Question 5.
Which is the main source of income of media?
(a) Advertisements
(b) Articles
(c) General news
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Advertisements

Question 6.
On which basis are the cost of advertisement set?
(a) Popularity of channel
(b) Popularity of product
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Popularity of channel

Question 7.
Which word is used to refer to a T.V. or radio programme that is widely transmitted?
(a) Publish
(b) Broadcast
(c) Censorship
(d) Public protest

Answer

Answer: (b) Broadcast

Question 8.
When did India censor the media?
(a) When there was Emergency in 1975-77
(b) When P.M. Indira Gandhi was Assassinated
(c) When bomb blasts took place
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (a) When there was Emergency in 1975-77

Question 9.
Government control over the media is known as:
(a) Factdal
(b) Censorship
(c) Independence
(d) Emergency

Answer

Answer: (b) Censorship

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B

Column AColumn B
1. J.L. Baird(a) 1940’s
2. Khabar Lahriya(b) Revolutionized mass media
3. Satellite(c) Televisor
4. A Gutenberg(d) local paper in U.P.
5. Electronic typewriter(e) Printing press
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. J.L. Baird(c) Televisor
2. Khabar Lahriya(d) local paper in U.P.
3. Satellite(b) Revolutionized mass media
4. A Gutenberg(e) Printing press
5. Electronic typewriter(a) 1940’s

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. Independent media plays a …………… role in a democratic country.

Answer

Answer: significant

2. ………… and …………… are a recent phenomena in the media.

Answer

Answer: Cable T.V, Internet

3. Mass media earns money through …………….

Answer

Answer: advertisements

4. With …………. typewriters, journalism underwent a change in the …………….

Answer

Answer: electronic, 1940’s

5. At times media is prevented from publishing a story, this is called …………..

Answer

Answer: censorship

State whether the given statements are True or False.

1. Media is the plural form of the word middle.

Answer

Answer: False

2. Television has made us think of ourselves as global citizens.

Answer

Answer: True

3. Changing Technologies help media to reach more people.

Answer

Answer: True

4. Balanced report discusses only one point of view or one side of story.

Answer

Answer: False

5. Media can be divided into print media and electronic media.

Answer

Answer: True

Question 1.
What is called ‘media1
Answer:

  • Everything ranging from the stall at the local fair to the programme that we see on TV is called media.
  • Media is the plural form of the word ‘medium’ which describes the various ways through which we communicate in society.
  • Media refers to all means of communication. Everything ranging from a phone call to the evening news on TV is called media.

Question 2.
What do we mean by mass media?
Answer:
Television, radio, newspapers etc. that reaches large number of people, or the masses, across the country and the world are called mass media.

Media and Technology

Question 1.
Describe relationship between media and technology.
Answer:
Relationship between Media and Technology:

  • Today it is difficult for us to imagine our life without the media.
  • Cable television and the widespread use of the Internet is a recent phenomenon.
  • They are less than twenty years old.
  • The technology that mass media uses keeps changing.
  • Newspapers, television and radio reach million of people because they use certain technologies.
  • Newspapers and magazines are also the print media.
  • TV and radio are termed as the electronic media.
  • Newspapers are called print media, because they give news in print.
  • Naming of media as print media is related to the different technologies that they use.
  • The technology that mass media uses has changed over the years and continues to change even today.

Question 2.
How does changing technology help media to reach more people?
Answer:

  • Changing technology, or machines, and making technology more modern, helps media to reach more people.
  • It also improves the quality of sound and the images that we see.
  • Technology does even more than this.
  • It also changes the ways in which we think about our lives.

Today it is quite difficult for us to think of our lives without television.

  • Television has enabled us to think that we are the members of a larger global world.
  • Television images travel huge distance through satellites and cables.
  • This allows us to view news and entertainment channels from other parts of the world.
  • Most of the cartoons that we see on television are mostly from Japan or the United States.
  • We now; sitting in Chennai or Jammu; can see images of a storm that has hit the coast of Florida in the United States.
  • Television has brought the world closer to us.

Media and Money

Question 1.
How are technologies costly these days?
Answer:

  • There are different technologies that mass media use.
  • They are expensive.
  • TV studio in which the newsreader sits has lights, cameras, sound recorders, transmission satellites that involve a lot of money.
  • Electronic media also involves money.
  • Print media also needs money.
  • In a news studio, there are several employees like newsreader, people helping in the broadcast including those who look after the cameras and lights.
  • All of them are paid their salaries.
  • The technologies that mass media uses keep changing.
  • They need a lot of money.
  • Hence mass media needs a great deal of money to do this work.
  • It is because of this reason that most television channels and newspapers are run by big business houses.

Question 2.
Describe the ways by which mass media thinks of making money?
Answer:
There are many ways through which the mass media makes money.

  • Advertisement is the major way. Different products like cars, soaps, chocolates, clothes, electronic goods etc. give advertisements to attract consumers.
  • Advertisements are repeated during telecast of matches, movies or other programs.
  • The money earned depends upon the popularity of the program and number of times the advertisement is repeated.
  • Another way is by doing promotional activities and making their presence felt so that large number of people
  • see their channels or buy that magazine or newspaper.
  • Newspapers have print advertisement in various categories along with information under the categories like buy or sell about buy, rent or buy and also obituaries.

Media and Democracy

Question 1.
What is the role of media in democracy?
Answer:
Media plays an important role in providing news and discussing events in the country and the world. This helps citizens to learn about functioning of government. Citizens can take action based on the news. They can write letters to ministers or organise a public protest. Signature campaign may be stated to make government rethink on certain issue.

Question 2.
Is media reporting important in democracy?
Answer:
Media plays an important role in providing information. It is important that media reporting should be balanced.

Question 3.
What is a balanced report?
Answer:

  • If we read either newspaper we would know only one side of the story.
  • From the story in the News of India we term the protestors as a nuisance.
  • On the other hand, the story in the India Daily, tells us that the protests are because a lot of livelihoods will be lost, relocation efforts are inadequate.
  • Neither of these stories is a balanced report. A balanced report is one that discusses all points of view of a particular story and then leaves it to the readers to make up their minds.

Question 4.
On what depends the writing of a balanced report? *
Answer:

  • Writing of a balanced report depends on the independent media.
  • An independent media means that no one should control and influence its coverage of news.
  • No one will impress upon the contents to be included and what should not be included in a news story.
  • An independent media is important in a democracy.
  • Independent media has reliable and unbiased information.

Question 5.
Describe the causes why media is not said to be independent?
Answer:
The media is far from independent due to certain reasons.
The government has a control over media:

  • Due to Censorship a news item, scenes from movies or songs are not shared with public.
  • During the Emergency 1975-1977 government censored the media.
  • Government censor the films but it really does not censor media coverage of news.
  • Despite the absence of censorship on news, most newspapers are unable to provide a balanced story.

This is due to the control of business houses over the media:

  • News are given based on the interest of the business houses.
  • Media needs money which it gets from advertisements.
  • It becomes difficult for them to report against those who give advertisements.
  • So media is not independent due to its business links.

Need for support for an issue:

  • Media tends to focus on particular aspect to make story interesting:
  • Also if they want public support, they focus on one side of the story.

Question 6.
Briefly write about the news report of News of India.
Answer:
News of India reported the event as crackdown on polluting factories.

  • It reported the violent protests by owners and workers causing huge traffic jam.
  • It said the people protested against the hasty decision of the government.
  • It clarified the protestors knew that this would happen.
  • It highlighted the fact this closure would reduce pollution in the city.
  • Mr. Jain opinion was given where he stated that for clean and green city these factories should be removed.
  • The factory owners and workers should accept the relocation offer of the government.

Question 7.
How did the India Daily report the decision?
Answer:
India Daily reported it as loss of livelihood due to closure of factories.

  • Workers protested: against the closure of factories.
  • According to the owners and workers the fault lies with the municipal corporation.
  • It issued licences to factories in residential areas.
  • According to this report there were no adequate relocation efforts.
  • The new areas are without facilities and development.

Setting Agendas

Question 1.
Write a note on ‘setting agenda’.
Answer:

  • The media also plays an important role in deciding what stories to focus on.
  • It decides on what is newsworthy.
  • The annual function at our school will make the news only if a famous actor is Chief Guest at the function.
  • By focussing on particular issues the media influences our thoughts, feelings and actions.
  • It brings those issues to our attention.
  • Due to its significance it shapes our lives and our thoughts.
  • It is commonly said that the media ‘sets the agenda’.
  • Very recently the media drew the attention of the public to alarming levels of pesticides in cola drinks.
  • They published reports that indicated the high level of pesticides and thus made us aware of the need to regularly monitor these colas according to international quality and safety standards.
  • They did this despite the government’s resistance.
  • The media created awareness about the harmful effects of Coca Cola.
  • The government after careful examination declared that cocas are safe. Media
    also fell in line.

Question 2.
What is the positive aspect of media reporting?
Answer:
Media help us to focus on an issue that affect our lives. It help us to understand and know things that we are not aware of.

Question 3.
Explain several instances when media fails to focus on issues which are important for us.
Answer:

  • There are several instances when the media fails to focus on issues which are important for us.
  • Drinking water is a major problem in the country.
  • Every year, thousands of people suffer due to lack of safe drinking water.
  • Media does not focus on this issue.
  • The media focuses (on) such issues like the fashion week which provide(s) them huge money.
  • But it did not report the demolition of slums in Mumbai at all as the slum dwellers did not pay them.
  • As citizens of a democracy the media has a very important role to play in our lives because it is the media which highlights the burning issues.

Question 4.
Write a concise account of Local Media.
Answer:
Local Media

  • Most of the big houses of media are not interested in covering ‘small’ issues that involve ordinary people and their daily lives.
  • Hence several local groups have come forward to start their own media.
  • Several people use community radio to tell farmers about the prices of different crops and advise them on the use of seeds and fertilizers.
  • Others make documentary films with fairly cheap and easily available video cameras on the real-life conditions of the poor communities.
  • A newspaper called Khabar Lahriya is a fortnightly and run by eight Dalit women in Chitrakoot district in Uttar Pradesh.
  • Written in the local language ‘Bundeli’ this eight page newspaper reports on Dalit issues and cases of violence against women and political corruption.
  • Such media is termed as local media. The media highlights the working of the government.
  • In this way it ‘sets the agenda’.
  • Sometimes the government imposes censorship and gets published what it wants.

Question 5.
What do you mean by “setting the agenda*?
Answer:
The media decides the issues and stories to focus on. This is called “setting the agenda”. The government through censorship prevents certain stories to be published. Media’s relationship with business houses affects balanced reporting.

It is therefore, important that we do not rely too much on one sided factual reporting. We should ask questions like what is the information I am getting and what is not provided.

Question 6.
What is censorship and factual information?
Answer:
Censorship refers to the power that the government has to disallow media from showing or publishing certain issues.
Factual information is the information about a particular news or issue as given by the report.

 

Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER -5 Women Change the World | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 5 Women Change the World

MCQs

Question 1.
Which a way to create new opportunities for women?
(a) Household work
(b) Education
(c) Protest
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Education

Question 2.
In which profession do we find more women?
(a) Nursing
(b) Teaching
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Both of these

Question 3.
what kind of the following jobs are females engaged more than males?
(a) Nurses
(b) Farmers
(c) Pilots
(d) Factory workers

Answer

Answer: (a) Nurses

Question 4.
what kind of job are males engaged more than women?
(a) Teachers
(b) Nurses
(c) Army officers
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Army officers

Question 5.
In the most families, what were their main aims after their girls finish school?
(a) Marriage
(b) Job opportunities
(c) Higher educations
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Marriage

Question 6.
What did women NOT do in pottery trade?
(a) Collect the mud
(b) Prepare the earth
(c) Operate the wheel
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Operate the wheel

Question 7.
Which of the following became more common in 19th century?
(a) Hospitals
(b) Schools
(c) Discos
(d) Restaurants

Answer

Answer: (b) Schools

Question 8.
Where was Rashsundari Devi born?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) West Bengal
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Kerala

Answer

Answer: (b) West Bengal

Question 9.
In which of the following languages did Rashsundari write her autobiography ?
(a) Hindi
(b) English
(c) Sanskrit
(d) Bangla

Answer

Answer: (d) Bangla

Question 10.
What was the title of Rashsundari’s autobiography ?
(a) Discovery of India
(b) Meri 21 Kavitayen
(c) Amar Jiban
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Amar Jiban

Question 11.
What was percentage of Literate men in Census of 2001?
(a) 76%
(b) 40%
(c) 54%
(d) 38%

Answer

Answer: (a) 76%

Question 12.
Women’s situation has improved in these areas:
(a) Legal Reform
(b) education
(c) Health
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 13.
When were the guidelines against sexual harassment of women formalised?
(a) 2006
(b) 2001
(c) 1997
(d) 1990

Answer

Answer: (c) 1997

Question 14.
Which methods are used to raise awareness?
(a) Songs
(b) Plays
(c) Meetings
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 15.
People protest against:
(a) Injustice
(b) Equality
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Injustice

Question 16.
When is International Women’s Day celebrated?
(a) 8th April
(b) 8th March
(c) 8th January
(d) 8th August

Answer

Answer: (b) 8th March

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Column AColumn B
1. 8th March(a) Ramabai
2. Law in 2006(b) Rokeya Sakhawat
3. Mission for widow and poor women(c) International Women’s Day
4. Sultana’s dream(d) Against domestic violence
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. 8th March(c) International Women’s Day
2. Law in 2006(d) Against domestic violence
3. Mission for widow and poor women(a) Ramabai
4. Sultana’s dream(b) Rokeya Sakhawat

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Ramabai was given the title of …………. because she could read and write.

Answer

Answer: Pandita

2. According to 1991 census ………… % of boys/men and …………. % of girls/females were literate.

Answer

Answer: 76, 54

3. The message about women’s right issue has been spread through ………… , songs and ………….

Answer

Answer: street plays, public meetings

4. Every year on …………. people gather at ………….. on the border of India and Pakistan and hold a cultural programme.

Answer

Answer: 14th August, Wagah

State whether the given statement is true or false.

1- Chaitanya Bhagabat was about life of a saint.

Answer

Answer: True

2. Men’s work is valued more than the female’s.

Answer

Answer: True

3. Women get equal wages for equal work as that of males.

Answer

Answer: False

4. 61 percent of boys leave school at secondary level.

Answer

Answer: True

5. 36 percentage of ST girls leave school at primary level.

Answer

Answer: False

Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER -4 Growing up as Boys and Girls | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

MCQs

Question 1.
The roles of men and women are:
(a) equally valued
(b) not equally valued
(c) of same status
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (b) not equally valued

Question 2.
What was the most important activity on an Island of Samoa in 1920s?
(a) Fishing
(b) Farming
(c) Household work
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Fishing

Question 3.
At what age did the boy in Samoa join older boys for learning outdoor jobs?
(a) 5 years
(b) 9 years
(c) 11 years
(d) 13 years

Answer

Answer: (b) 9 years

Question 4.
What did girls in Samoa learn after the age of fourteen years?
(a) How to weave baskets
(b) How to grow plantation
(c) Special cooking
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 5.
From which class did the girls and boys go to separate school in M.P.?
(a) Class IV onwards
(b) Class VI onwards
(c) Class VII onwards
(d) Class XI onwards

Answer

Answer: (a) Class IV onwards

Question 6.
What were girls given to play while the boys were given cars?
(a) Dolls
(b) Bus
(c) Trucks
(d) Trains

Answer

Answer: (a) Dolls

Question 7.
Doing household work is work or not?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Both A and B
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Yes

Question 8.
Who has the main responsibility of housework across the world?
(a) Men
(b) Children
(c) Women
(d) Old people

Answer

Answer: (c) Women

Question 9.
Who was Melani?
(a) A domestic worker
(b) A factory worker
(c) A shopkeeper
(d) A teacher

Answer

Answer: (a) A domestic worker

Question 10.
What are the total number of work hours (paid) spent by women workers in Haryana every week?
(a) 23
(b) 30
(c) 19
(d) 35

Answer

Answer: (a) 23

Question 11.
Who can take steps, to bring gender equality?
(a) Constitution
(b) Society
(c) Both
(d) None

Answer

Answer: (c) Both

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Column AColumn B
1. Paid work hours for women in Haryana(a) 2 hours
2. Paid work hours for women in Tamil Nadu(b) 23 hours
3. House work hours men in Haryana(c) 4 hours
4. House work hours men in Tamil Nadu(d) 19 hours
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Paid work hours for women in Haryana(b) 23 hours
2. Paid work hours for women in Tamil Nadu(d) 19 hours
3. House work hours men in Haryana(a) 2 hours
4. House work hours men in Tamil Nadu(c) 4 hours

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. The child centres in villages are called …………….

Answer

Answer: anganwadi

2. Our constitution provides …………… of genders.

Answer

Answer: equality

3. In Madhya Pradesh the ……………. schools were designed differently in the 1960s.

Answer

Answer: girls

4. Most of the work done by women is ……………..

Answer

Answer: devalued /invisible.

State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. House work does not require physical and emotional work.

Answer

Answer: False

2. Life of domestic worker is very difficult.

Answer

Answer: True

3. Government has passed laws that organisations with women workers must have creche facilities.

Answer

Answer: True

4. Domestic workers get high wages.

Answer

Answer: False

Question 1.
What is the important part of one’s identity? What teaches us the acceptable behaviour?
Answer:

  • To be a boy or girl is an important part of one’s identity.
  • The society teaches us the kind of behaviour acceptable for girls and boys.
  • We often grow up thinking that these things are exactly the same everywhere.

Question 2.
What do we generally learn about women and men?
Answer:

  • We learn that most societies value men and women differently.
  • The roles women play and the work they do are usually valued less than the roles men play and the work they do.
  • We also learn that inequalities between men and women exist in the area of work.

Growing up in Samoa in the 1920s

Question 1.
Where is Samoa? Briefly write about the life of children there.
Answer:
Samoan islands are in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean. According to a research Samoan children did not go to school. They learnt to take care of younger siblings and fishing. They learnt these at different stages of childhood. Fishing being important, they learn long fishing expeditions.

Question 2.
Describe the life of the Samoan people in 1920s.
Answer:

  • As soon as babies could walk, their mothers or other adults no longer looked after them.
  • Some children at 5 years of age, took over this responsibility.
  • Both boys and girls looked after their younger siblings.
  • At the age of nine years boys joined the other boys in learning outdoor jobs like fishing and planting coconuts.
  • Girls continue looking after small children or do errands for adults till they were teenagers.
  • After becoming teenagers girls had much more freedom.
  • After the age of fourteen or so, girls also went on fishing trips, worked in the plantations, learnt how to weave baskets.
  • Cooking was done in special cooking-houses, where boys did most of the work.
  • Girls helped with the preparations of the food.

Growing up Male in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s

Question 1.
Give an account of the growing up in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s.
Answer:
Grooving up in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s:

  • From class VI onwards boys and girls went to separate schools.
  • Girls school was designed very differently from the boys school.
  • They had a central courtyard where they played in total seclusion and safety from the outside world.
  • The boys school had no such courtyard and the playground was a big space attached to the school.
  • Every evening after the school, the boys watched as hundreds of school girls crowded the narrow streets as they looked very purposeful.
  • The boys used the streets for different things like to stand around idling, to play, to try out tricks with their bicycles.
  • For the girls, the street was simply a place to get straight home.
  • The girls always went in groups, perhaps because they also carried fears of being teased or attacked by boys or other bad elements.

Question 2.
Do we all grow in a similar manner?
Answer:
Examples of children from Samoan islands and Madhya Pradesh makes it clear they that we all grow differently. Even within our own family the childhood of our elders would be very different from ours.

Question 3.
How does the society make a distinction between girls dnd boys?
Answer:
From the young age society make a clear distinction between the two genders. Boys are given cars and girls are given dolls.

Through the toys the difference starts. The girls are dressed differently, are asked to speak softly. Boys on the other hand play different games, are considered to be tough.

Through this the children are conditioned to play the specific role when they grow up. , This even affects our subject and career choices later in the life.

Question 4.
Is there a equality between the genders?
Answer:
In most societies including ours the work done by men and women are not valued f equally. They do not have the same status in society.

My Mother does not Work

Question 1.
What is the story board about?
Answer:
The given story board is about understanding the importance of house work. Shonali wants her mother to volunteer for school excursion. According to her friend Harmeet’s mother always comes because she doesn’t work.

Question 2.
What happens at Harmeet’s house?
Answer:
Harmeet and his father were of the opinion that Jaspreet is a housewife and does not work. Jaspreet decides to go on strike for one day.
Next day there was chaos at their house:

  • Children got up late missed their school bus.
  • There was no water as pump wasn’t switched on.
  • Harsharan, Harmeet’s father had no breakfast and had to drop kids to school.
  • The children went without lunch. Their mother gave them money for the canteen.
  • In the evening there was no tea for Harsharan and house was also untidy.
    This made them understand that housework is also important and should be valued.

Valuing housework

Question 1.
Why is the work of men and women not valued equally?
Answer:
In most societies the work of men and women is valued differently.

  • Men work outside the house.
  • Women do all the household chores like cleaning, washing, cooking, care giving etc.
  • These works are not considered real works and are not recognized as work.
  • It is assumed that these come naturally to women. These do not have to be paid for.
  • Society devalues this work.

Lives of Domestic Workers

Question 1.
Describe the lives of domestic workers as given in the chapter.
Answer:

  • In the given chapter, Harmeet’s mother was not the only one who did the housework.
  • A lot of the work was done by Mangala, their domestic help(ef).
  • Many homes, particularly in towns and cities, employ domestic workers.
  • They do a lot of work—sweeping and cleaning, washing clothes and dishes, cooking, looking after young children or the elderly.
  • Most domestic workers are women.
  • Sometimes even young boys or girls are employed to do this work.
  • Wages are low, as domestic work does not have much value.
  • A domestic worker’s day begins as early as five in the morning and ends as late as twelve at night.
  • Despite the hard work they do, their employers often do not pay them enough on show them much respect.

Question 2.
Briefly write about life of domestic worker Melani?
Answer:
Melani worked in Delhi as a domestic worker for a rich family. She had to do all the work along with two other girls.

  • They got up at 5 o’clock and got a cup of tea with two dry chapattis as breakfast.
  • They cleaned the house and did all other work.
  • In evening Melani cooked food. She secretly cooked extra rotis for herself and other two girls.

They could not wear chappals in the house even in winters.

Question 3.
What does housework involve?
Answer:
The housework actually involves many different tasks.
A number of these tasks require heavy physical work:

  • In both Rural and Urban areas women and girls fetch water.
  • In rural areas women and girls carry heavy headloads of firewood.
  • Tasks like washing clothes, cleaning, sweeping and picking up loads require bending, lifting and carrying.
  • Many chores like cooking, involve standing for long hours in front of hot stoves.
  • The women’s work is strenuous and physically demanding, words associated with men.

Question 4.
Explain another aspect of housework.
Answer:
Another aspect of housework is ‘care giving”.

  • This aspect is related to looking after the children and nurturing them.
  • Taking care of the elderly or ill people in the home.
  • All this requires strong emotional aspect along with physical labour.
  • In fact if we add up the work (housework) and care giving time women work much more than men.
  • Now with women working even outside homes their leisure time has further been reduced.

Women’s Work and Equality

Question 1.
What do you understand by the term “double burden”?
Answer:
In today’s world many women work inside as well as outside the home. This is referred to as “double burden”.

Question 2.
Why we see low value attached to women’s work?
Answer:
Low value attached to household or care giving work is not a family matter. It is due to the inequality between the genders existing in the society. It should be dealt by individuals, society as well by the government.

Question 3.
What does our Constitution say about discrimination?
Answer:

  • Our Constitution says that there should be no discrimination on the basis of gender (male or female).
  • In reality inequality between the sexes exists.
  • The government recognises that burden of childcare and housework falls on women and girls.
  • This naturally has an impact on the girls attending the school.
  • It determines whether women work outside the house and their jobs and careers.
  • Government has set up anganwadis or child care centres in villages.
  • The government has passed laws that make it mandatory for organisations that have more than 30 women employees to provide creche facilities.
  • The provision of Creches helps many women to take up employment outside the home.
  • It also makes it possible for more girls to attend schools.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 3 How the State Government Works | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 3 How the State Government Works

MCQs

Question 1.
What is the full form, of MLA?
(a) Member of Law Authority
(b) Member of Legislative Assembly
(c) Minister of Law Abiding Authority
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Member of Legislative Assembly

Question 2.
MLAs are elected by
(a) the people
(b) Members of Parliament
(c) selected representatives
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (a) the people

Question 3.
A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state can be said to be in a
(a) majority
(b) minority
(c) opposition
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (a) majority

Question 4.
Who becomes the Chief Minister?
(a) Leader of winning party
(b) Leader of losing party
(c) Prime Minister of the country
(d) President of the country

Answer

Answer: (a) Leader of winning party

Question 5.
Who is the head of a Legislative Assembly?
(a) Minister
(b) MLA
(c) Chief Minister
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Chief Minister

Question 6.
Who is responsible for medical services?
(a) Transport Minister
(b) Police Inspector
(c) Education Minister
(d) Health Minister

Answer

Answer: (d) Health Minister

Question 7.
Wallpaper project involves:
(a) Stories
(b) Poems
(c) Case Studies
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B

Column AColumn B
1. Head of the state(a) Ruling party
2. Head of the government(b) Governor
3. Party with majority(c) Opposition
4. Party in minority(d) Chief Minister
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Head of the state(b) Governor
2. Head of the government(d) Chief Minister
3. Party with majority(a) Ruling party
4. Party in minority(c) Opposition

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated …………

Answer

Answer: water

2. Laws for the states are made in the …………….

Answer

Answer: Legislative Assembly

3. MLAs are elected by the ………….. of the state.

Answer

Answer: people

4. Every state is divided into ……………..

Answer

Answer: constituencies

State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Some MLAs have dual responsibility as an MLA and as a Minister.

Answer

Answer: True

2. Gathering of media persons is called Legislative Assembly.

Answer

Answer: False

3. The independents can also stand in the elections.

Answer

Answer: True

4. People can express their opinion through media or even in Legislative Assembly through representatives.

Answer

Answer: True

Question 1.
What issues are being discussed by the characters in the story?
Answer:
The girls are reading the newspaper article about shortage of water and people falling sick. In many places in the state drinking water is not clean, streams and tanks have dried. At Patalpuram people especially children are suffering from acute diarrhoea.

Question 2.
Why were they stopped on their way back from school?
Answer:
They were stopped on their way due to road blockage. People with opposition party workers were angry and were protesting against the local MLA. People wanted the government to take action to improve water and health situation.

Who is an MLA?

Question 1.
Who is a MLA?
Answer:
MLA’s are elected by the people. They become the members of Legislative Assembly and form the government or opposition. Thus they represent the people.

Question 2.
How is MLA elected?
Answer:
Every state has a Legislative Assembly. Each state is divided into constituencies. For example Himachal Pradesh is divided into 68 constituencies.

From each constituency one representative is elected by the people who then becomes a MLA.
Candidates belong to different political parties or may be independent.

Question 3.
Which party is called the ruling party?
Answer:
Political party whose gets more than half of the seats of Legislative Assembly is the majority party. This party is called the ruling party and all other members are called opposition.

For example: In 2003 in Himachal Pradesh assembly elections, The Indian National Congress won 43 seats (required no. was 34) and became the ruling party. All the other MLAs became the opposition. Here BJP was the major opposition party having the largest number of MLAs after INC. There were independent MLAs as well.

Question 4.
How do MLAs become a minister or Chief Minister?
Answer:
The MLAs of the ruling party elect their leader who becomes the Chief Minister. For Example, Congress MLAs choose Sh.Virbhadra Singh as their leader.

The Chief Minister then selects other people as ministers. The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and other ministers.

Question 5.
What are the responsibilities of the chief minister and other ministers?
Answer:
They have the responsibility of running various government departments or ministries. They have separate offices though all the decisions are discussed in the Assembly.

In the Assembly all the MLAs discuss various things. Thus, some MLAs have dual responsibility: as a MLA and as a Minister.

A Debate in the Legislative Assembly

Question 1.
Why were Afreen and Sujata excited?
Answer:
Afreen, Sujata and other students were excited because they were travelling to the state capital to visit the Legislative Assembly. Assembly was housed in an impressive building.

After the security checks, children were taken upstairs to the visitor gallery. From there they saw the large hall with rows of desks for the MLAs.

Question 2.
How does Assembly work?
Answer:
Current issues are discussed in the Assembly and decisions are taken on various issues.
During this time MLAs can express their opinion and ask questions related to the issues. They may give suggestions about running of the government.

Those who wish can respond to the same. The concerned ministers replies to the questions and assure the assembly about the step taken by the government about a issue.

Question 3.
Who takes the decisions about running of the government?
Answer:
The chief minister and other ministers have to take the decisions about running the government. JjThese decisions have to be approved by the members of Assembly.

In democracy these members (MLAs) can ask questions, debate an issue or take decision about spending the money. They have the joint authority. We see or listen about these discussions from the newspapers or news channels.

Question 4.
Define: Government, Legislature, Executive.
Answer:
Government

  • MLAs are together responsible for the work of the government.
  • In common usage the word ‘government’ refers to government departments and various ministers who head them. The overall head is the Chief Minister.

Legislature

  • All the MLAs who gather together (assemble) in the Legislative Assembly are called the legislature.
  • They are the ones who authorise and supervise the work.

Executive

  • The work of the Chief Minister, Ministers and MLAs is called the executive part of the government.

Notes: Examples of discussions in the Assembly

  • MLA of Akhandagaon highlighting the deaths in his constituency due to diarrhoea. He is drawing the attention of health minister to take control of the situation.
  • Another MLA raises questions on lack of doctors and medical staff and government steps
    in this direction.
  • MLA from Tolpatti raises the issue to water supply. He wanted to know about the disinfecting process of wells and ponds.
  • MLA from ruling party outlines the steps taken by the government to control the situation.
    He talks about water tankers and ORS packets being distributed.
  • Another member brings the point of doctors on long leave or no medical staff for years in certain hospitals. He asks about the process of distributing ORS packets.
  • Ruling party member blames the poor sanitation condition on the previous government. And informs about the sanitation drive in process.

Working of the Government

Question 1.
Where else work of government is discussed other than the legislature?
Answer:

  • Besides Legislative Assembly there are other places {means) where opinions are expressed about the work of the government and action is demanded.
  • The newspapers, T.V. channels and other organisations regularly talking about the government.
  • In a democracy there are various ways through which people express their views and also take action.
  • One such way is the Press Conference.
  • Large numbers of people from different newspapers come to the Press Conference.
  • The minister and some government officials explain the steps that the government has taken.
  • There were many questions asked by news reporters at this meeting. These discussions were then reported in different newspapers.

Question 2.
What did the Chief Minister and the Minister for Health do in the next week of the Assembly Session?
Answer:

  • During the next week the Chief Minister and the Minister for Health went to
    Patalpuram district to visit the families who had lost their relatives.
  • They also visited people in the hospitals. They announced a compensation for these families.
  • The Chief Minister thought the problem was not only one of sanitation but also one of a lack of clean drinking water.
  • He announced a high-level enquiry committee to suggest ways to provide sanitation facilities. He also requested the Minister for Public Works to care for proper water supply in the region.

Question 3.
How does government in a state function?
Or
How do Chief Minister and cabinet work?
Answer:
Government in a state is headed by Chief Minister. He appoints ministers at various levels.

  • These ministers head different departments like public works, agriculture, health etc.
  • The bureaucracy is responsible for the functioning of the departments.
  • The Chief Minister and cabinet is answerable to the people. They do so in the Assembly by answering the questions and through media by holding press conferences.
  • Laws are made in the Legislative and the government departments implement these.

Question 4.
What else the government did to improve health situations?
Answer:
The government decided to make new laws for the state regarding sanitation and health facilities. Like, it made it compulsory for municipal corporations to ensure adequate toilet facilities in urban areas. Ensuring appointment of health worker in villages.

Question 5.
Who is responsible for making laws?
Answer:
The Assembly collectively makes laws. These are implemented by the government departments. Laws for the country are made in Parliament.

Question 6.
Who has the main authority in the democracy?
Answer:
Democracy is of the people, by the people and for the people.

  • It is the people who elect their representatives. They can change them in the next election.
  • It is people’s representatives in the assembly. So, people are the main authority.

Question 7.
What is the role of different parties in the legislature?
Answer:
The ruling party members form the government and some members are appointed as ministers. These ministers are in charge of various departments such as health.
The work done by these departments has to be approved by the Assembly.

A Wallpaper Project

Question 1.
What is a wall-paper project? Discuss its various aspects.
Answer:
A wall-paper project is research activity done on various topics.

  • The class is divided into groups. Children work in pairs or individually.
  • Discussion on topic is held.
  • Children collect information and write their observations or experiences.
  • This may be in form of photographs, poems, stories, case studies etc.
  • Each group finalises the layout for the wall-paper and present it to the class.
  • Each group is allotted same time. More than one member presents their group’s work.
  • After presentation there is a feedback session on what more could have been done.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 2 Role of the Government in Health | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 2 Role of the Government in Health

MCQs

Question 1.
On which of the following does our good health depend?
(a) Clean drinking water
(b) Pollution-free environment
(c) Hygienic food
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 2.
What should be changed weekly to avoid breeding of mosquitoes’?
(a) T.V. sets
(b) Water in coolers
(c) Roof tops
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Water in coolers

Question 3.
How much percentage of all communicable diseases are water borne?
(a) 11%
(b) 21%
(c) 31%
(d) 50%

Answer

Answer: (b) 21%

Question 4.
Which one of the following is a communicable disease?
(a) Headache
(b) Cancer
(c) Sore Throat
(d) Diarrhoea

Answer

Answer: (d) Diarrhoea

Question 5.
Which type of healthcare facility is costly?
(a) Private
(b) Public
(c) Both
(d) Both are same

Answer

Answer: (a) Private

Question 6.
Tax money is used to fund which of the activities?
(a) Education
(b) Defence
(c) Police
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 7.
By whom are the public health services run?
(a) Government
(b) Private organisations
(c) Private doctors
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Government

Question 8.
What does PHC mean?
(a) Private Health Centre
(b) Public Health Court
(c) Primary Health Centre
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Primary Health Centre

Question 9.
What does RMP mean?
(a) Registered Medical Practitioners
(b) Retired Medical Practitioners
(c) Recognised Medical Practitioners
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Registered Medical Practitioners

Question 10.
Where are medicines sold?
(a) Dispensary
(b) Medical stores
(c) Government hospitals
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Medical stores

Question 11.
What percentage of people can afford required medical care?
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 30%
(d) 40%

Answer

Answer: (b) 20%

Question 12.
Good health depend upon:
(a) Health care facilities
(b) Basic Amenities
(c) Social conditions
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 13.
What percentage of state budget is allocated to panchayat in Kerala?
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 30%
(d) 40%

Answer

Answer: (d) 40%

Question 14.
In which continent is Costa Rica situated?
(a) South America
(b) North America
(c) Australia
(d) Asia

Answer

Answer: (a) South America

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Column AColumn B
1. 40 %(a) New doctors a year
2. 20 %(b) People afford all medicines
3. 15,060(c) Hospitals in India
4. 18,218(d) Borrow money for health reasons
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. 40 %(d) Borrow money for health reasons
2. 20 %(b) People afford all medicines
3. 15,060(a) New doctors a year
4. 18,218(c) Hospitals in India

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. It is the responsibility of the ………….. to provide proper healthcare facilities to all.

Answer

Answer: government

2. ………….. is one of the healthiest country in North America.

Answer

Answer: Costa Rica

3. The resources needed to run public health services are obtained from ……………

Answer

Answer: taxes

4. In Kerala ……………. % of entire budget is given to Panchayats.

Answer

Answer: 40

Question 1.
What do people expect from government in a democracy?
Answer:

  • In a democracy people expect the government to work for their welfare.
  • This is done through the provision of education, health, employment, housing, development of roads, electricity, etc.

What is Health?

Question 1.
What is health? Explain the factors that affect health.
Answer:
Health:

  • Health means our ability to remain free of (from) illness and injuries,.
  • Health is not only about disease. It is also associated with other factors.
  • Apart from disease we need to think of other factors that affect our health.
  • There are other factors that influence our health.
  • If people get clean drinking water or a pollution free environment they are likely to be healthy.
  • Conversely if people do not get adequate food to eat or have to live in dirty conditions they will become victims to illnesses.
  • All of us always like to be active and in good spirits.
  • It is not healthy to be dull, inactive, anxious or scared for long stretches of time. We all need to be free from mental strain.

Healthcare in India

Question 1.
What are the improvements in healthcare facilities in India?
Answer:
There are many developments like:

  • Largest number of medical colleges in the world.
  • Approximately 15,000 new doctors every year.
  • About 18,218 hospitals by year 2000.
  • Extension of medical tourism due to low cost of treatments.
  • Fourth largest producer of medicines.

Question 2.
Write some of the negative aspects of our healthcare system.
Answer:
The following are some of the drawbacks of our healthcare:

  • Most doctors settle in urban areas, less doctors in rural areas.
  • Two million cases of malaria and five lakh cases of tuberculosis every year.
  • Water borne communicable diseases like diarrhoea, hepatitis on the rise. About 21% has no access to clean water.
  • Half of all children are mal-nourished.
  • Private health on rise and Public health care system has not grown as per the need.

Question 3.
What do we need to prevent and treat diseases?
Answer:

  • In order to prevent and treat illnesses we need appropriate healthcare facilities.
  • They are health centres, hospitals, laboratories for testing, ambulance services, blood banks, etc.
  • They can provide the required care and services that patients need.
  • In order to run these facilities we need health workers, nurses, qualified doctors and other health professionals who can advise, diagnose and treat illnesses.
  • We also need medicines and equipments that are necessary for treating patients.

Question 4.
Give an account of the position of healthcare services in India.
Answer:
Healthcare Services in India:

  • India has a large number of doctors, clinics and hospitals.
  • It also has considerable experience and knowledge, in running a public healthcare system. This system of hospitals and health centres is run by the government.
  • It has the ability to look after the health of a large section of its population scattered over lakhs of villages.
  • There has been a phenomenal improvement in medical sciences with many new technologies and treatment procedures. [Refer to data on Page 20 NCERT column one.]

Question 5.
How can we say that health situation in India is very poor?
Answer:

  • It is said that health situation in our country is very poor.
  • We are not able to provide proper healthcare facilities to people.
  • Our country has the money, knowledge and people with experience but cannot make the necessary healthcare available to all because of certain short-comings on our part.

The Cost of a Cure

Question 1.
What is the story board about?
Answer:
This story board is about Aman a child of poor parents and Ranjan belonging to a well to do family. Both suffered from viral fever and got treated at different places.

Question 2.
What was Ranjan’s experience of his treatment?
Answer:
Ranjan was taken to a big private hospital. It had best of the facilities. His father had to pay? 500/ to meet the doctor. He further prescribed some tests. The tests were done in a friendly atmosphere and results were given quickly.
Doctors went through the results which were all fine. He prescribed a lot of medicines for viral fever and rest. The whole thing cost more than? 3500.

Question 3.
Where was Aman taken for his treatment?
Answer:
Aman was taken to a government hospital where his father stood in a queue for a long time. The doctor upon examining him prescribed some tests. They again stood in line to get tests done. The reports came after three days.
They again went to the doctor who prescribed just one fever reducing medicine. The entire cost was only? 150.

Public and Private Health Care Services

Question 1.
What are the two categories of healthcare services?
Answer:
There are two broad categories of healthcare services.

  1. Public health services.
  2. Private health facilities.

Public Health Services

Question 1.
Explain the main features of Public Health Services.
Answer:
Main features of Public Health Services:

  • Public Health Service is a chain of health centres and hospitals run by the government.
  • They are linked together to cover both rural and urban areas.

They provide treatment to all kinds of problems from common illnesses to special services.

  • At the village level there are health centres.
  • It usually has a nurse and a village health worker.
  • They are trained in dealing with common illnesses.
  • They work under the supervision of doctors at the Primary Healthcare (PHC).
  • This centre covers many villages in a rural area.
  • At the district level is the District Hospital.
  • It supervises all the health centres.
  • Large cities have many government hospitals like the one where Aman was taken and also specialised government hospitals like the ones in Hakim Sheik’s story.

Question 2.
What are the reasons for the health services to be called public?
Answer:
The health service is called ‘public’ for many reasons.

  • They fulfil their commitment of providing healthcare to all citizens.
    The government has established these hospitals and health centres.
  • The resources needed to run these services are obtained from the money that we the public pay to the government as taxes.
  • These services are meant for everyone.
  • One of the most important aspects of the public health system is quality healthcare services either free or at a low cost.
  • Even the poor can seek treatment there.
  • Another important function of public health is to take action to prevent the spread of diseases like TB, malaria, jaundice, cholera, diarrhoea, chikengunya, etc.
  • These services are organised by the government with the participation of

Question 3.
What kind of campaigns are organised by the government?
Answer:
Governments organises awareness campaigns with people participation. For example mosquitoes should not be allowed to breed in coolers, rooftops etc.

Question 4.
What did the Court say in the case of Hakim Sheik?
Answer:

  • According to Indian Constitution, it is the primary duty of the government to ensure the welfare of the people.
  • It also lays emphasis to provide healthcare facilities to all.
  • The government must safeguard the right to life of every person.
  • The Court said that the difficulty that Hakim Sheik had to face could have cost him his life.
    If a hospital cannot provide timely medical treatment to a person it means that
  • The Court also said that it was the duty of the government to provide the necessary health services with treatment in emergency situations.
  • Hospitals and medical staff must fulfil their duty of providing the necessary treatment.
  • Hakim Sheik was denied treatment at various government hospitals.
  • Therefore, the Court asked the State Government to give him the money that he had spent on his treatment.

Private Health Facilities

Question 1.
Explain the major features of private health services.
Answer:
Problems faced by Aman

  • Non-availability of doctors.
  • Junked and non-operational equipments.
  • Non-availability of medicines.
  • Crowded.
  • Indifference of doctors etc.
  • Proper and strict administration can get the hospitals work in better manner.

Question 2.
What are private health facilities?
Answer:
Private Health facilities are not owned to controlled by the government. There patients have to pay for every service they use.
Now we have more of private facilities. These may be run by large companies that manufacture or sell medicines.

Healthcare and Equality: Is Adequate Healthcare Available to All?
Question 1.
Is adequate healthcare available to all of us? Explain.
Answer:
Adequate healthcare is not available to all.

  • Private facilities are increasing but the Public services are not.
  • Private services are concentrated in urban areas and are costly.
  • Poor have to go to Public services which are crowded. They have to borrow money in case of an illness in the family.
  • Sometime wrong practices are encouraged to earn more money—like prescribing unnecessary medicines or tests.
  • Only about 20% can afford all the medicines required and more than 40% have to borrow money.
  • In case of women and tribal areas the health concerns are ignored.

Question 2.
‘Medical expenses cause hardship for all’. Explain the statement.
Answer:
Private healthcare is more widespread than public healthcare.

  • Private healthcare run for profit. They prescribe costly tests medicines etc.
  • Doctors prescribe unnecessary injections, saline bottles instead of cheaper methods like tablets.
  • Even those who might not be poor are unable to afford the treatment.
  • About 40% of all admitted patients have to borrow money to pay for medical expenses.

Question 3.
How is illness in a poor family a cause of great anxiety and distress?
Answer:

  • To the poor every illness in the family is a cause of great anxiety and distress.
  • In poor families this situation tends to happen again and again. The poor are generally undernourished.
  • These families are not eating as much as they should. They are not provided basic necessities like drinking water, adequate housing, clean surroundings, etc. Hence, they are more likely to fall ill.
  • The expenses on illness make their condition even worse.
  • Sometimes money is not the problem for getting proper medical treatment.
  • Women are not taken to a doctor in a prompt manner.
  • Their health concerns are considered to be less important than the health of men in the family.
  • Many tribal areas have few health centres and they do not run properly. Even private health services are not available to the tribals.

What can be Done?

Question 1.
What can be done to remove inequality in healthcare services?
Answer:

  • Health condition of the people in our country is not good as they do not have equal access to health services.
  • It is the responsibility of the government to provide quality healthcare services to all its citizens, especially the poor and the disadvantaged.
  • Health is dependent on basic amenities and social conditions of the people. Hence, it is important to improve the health conditions of our people. And this can be done.

The Kerala Experience

Question 1.
Give an account of the Kerala experience about healthcare services.
Answer:
The Kerala Experience

  • In 1996, the Kerala government made some major changes in the state.
  • 40 per cent of the entire state budget was given to Panchayats. They plan and provide for their requirements. This is made possible for a village to make proper planning for water, food, women’s development and education.
  • As a result, water supply schemes were checked, the working of schools and anganwadis was ensured and specific problems of the villages were taken up.
  • Health centres were also improved.
  • All of this helped to improve the situation.
  • Despite these efforts, some problems like shortages of medicines, insufficient hospital beds, dearth of doctor remained and these need to be addressed.

The Costa Rican Approach

Question 1.
Discuss the Costa Rican Approach about Health.
Answer:
Costa Rican Approach about Health

  • Costa Rica is one of the healthiest countries in South America.
  • The main reason for this is found in the Costa Rican Constitution.
  • Costa Rica took a very important decision not to have an army.
  • This helped the Costa Rican government to spend the additional money on health, education and other basic needs of the people.
  • The Costa Rican government believes that a country has to be healthy for its development.
  • It plays a lot of attention to the health of its people.

The Costa Rican government provides basic services and amenities to all its people.

  • It provides safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition and housing.
  • Health education is also considered very important.
  • Knowledge about health is an essential part of education at all levels.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 1 On Equality | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 1 On Equality

MCQs

Question 1.
What does democracy mean?
(a) Equal right to vote
(b) Unequal right to vote
(c) Discrimination
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Equal right to vote

Question 2.
According to Universal Adult Franchise every adult has:
(a) No vote
(b) one vote
(c) multiple vote
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (b) one vote

Question 3.
What is NOT the element of equality?
(a) Justice
(b) Religion
(c) Wealth
(d) Health

Answer

Answer: (b) Religion

Question 4.
Whose autobiography is ‘Joothan’?
(a) Omprakash Valmiki’s
(b) Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s
(c) Mahatma Gandhi’s
(d) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru’s

Answer

Answer: (a) Omprakash Valmiki’s

Question 5.
What did the headmaster ask Omprakash Valmiki to do?
(a) To bring a glass of water
(b) To sweep the school playground
(c) To teach the students
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) To sweep the school playground

Question 6.
When persons are treated unequally what is violated?
(a) Dignity
Cb) Religion
(c) Caste
(d) Practice

Answer

Answer: (a) Dignity

Question 7.
The Indian constitution recognises
(a) all people are equal
(b) all people are not equal
(c) all people are economically sound
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (a) all people are equal

Question 8.
Who drafted the Indian Constitution?
(a) Pt. J.L. Nehru
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Answer

Answer: (d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Question 9.
Who represent our problems in the Parliament House?
(a) Ourselves
(b) MLAs
(c) SHO
(d) MPs

Answer

Answer: (d) MPs

Question 10.
Civil Rights movement of USA was about:
(a) Afro Americans
(c) Both of these
(c) Indo Americans
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Afro Americans

Question 11.
What is the central feature of Democracy?
(a) Inequality
(b) Discrimination
(c) Equality
(d) restrictions

Answer

Answer: (c) Equality

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Column AColumn B
1. Disability Act(a) 2001
2. Civil Rights(b) Article 15
3. Midday Meal(c) 1964
4. Prohibition of Discrimination(d) 1995
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Disability Act(d) 1995
2. Civil Rights(c) 1964
3. Midday Meal(a) 2001
4. Prohibition of Discrimination(b) Article 15

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. …………. was the first state to introduce Midday meal scheme.

Answer

Answer: Tamil Nadu

2. We are represented in the Parliament through our …………….

Answer

Answer: elected representatives

3. Our constitution recognises everyone as equal before ……………

Answer

Answer: law

Question 1.
What are the key elements of a democracy?
Answer:

  • The key elements of a democratic government are people’s participation, the resolution of conflict and equality and justice.
  • Equality is the main feature of democracry. It influences its functioning.

Question 2.
What are the main aspects of Kanta’s story?
Answer:
The story tells us about two different aspects of status of people in our country. On the election day Kanta and Sujata along stood in the queue for voting. All others including Kanta’s sahib also stood in the same queue. This made them feel like an equal citizen.

Kanta’s daughter was not well but she had to finish her daily work and take advance before she could take her to the doctor. Even there she had to stand in queue in government hospital to wait for her turn. She realized that, line had only poor people like her. If her employer had to go to doctor they can afford a private doctor.

Question 3.
Does Kanta has enough reason to doubt the equality level of citizens?
Answer:

  • Yes, Kanta has enough reasons to doubt whether she is really equal. Reasons:
  • She cannot skip work even when her daughter is ill.
  • She does not have enough money to take her daughter to doctor.
  • She has to stand in line at a government hospital for her turn to show her daughter to the doctor.

Equal Right to Vote

Question 1.
Who is allowed to vote in India?
Answer:
In a democratic country, like India, all adults aged 18 years or above irrespective of their religion, education, caste, rich or poor are allowed to vote.

Question 2.
What is universal adult franchise? What is the basis of it?
Answer:

  • Voting right to all adults is called universal adult franchise.
  • It is an essential aspect of all democracies.
  • The idea of universal adult franchise is based on the idea of equality because it states that every adult in a country, irrespective of their wealth and the communities, he/she belongs to, has one vote.

Question 3.
Why is Kanta happy?
Answer:
Kanta is happy and excited to vote because this makes her equal to others. Everyone has one vote.

Question 4.
With the advancing of the day Kanta becomes less certain about what equality really means. What is it that makes Kanta unsure?
Answer:

  • Kanta lives in a slum and has a drain behind her house.
  • Her daughter is sick but she cannot skip day’s work because she needs to borrow money from her employers to take her child to the doctor.
  • Her job as a domestic help tires her out.
  • She ends her day by again standing in a long line. This line is in front of the government hospital.
  • It is unlike the one in the morning because most of the people standing in it are poor.

Other Kinds of Equality

Question 1.
Are all the people who have voting rights really equal?
Answer:
People like Kanta have the voting rights but their daily living conditions are far from equal. They experience inequality in different ways.

Question 2.
What is one of common form of inequality in India?
Answer:
Common form of Inequality in India:
One of the most common forms of inequality in India is the caste system.

  • In rural India, caste identity is something that is experienced from the young age.
  • In urban India, people no longer believe in caste.
  • Matrimonials shown from a leading English newspaper reveal that the issue of caste continues to be in the minds of highly educated urban Indians.

Question 3.
What is Dalit?
Answer:

  • Dalit is a term that the so-called lower castes use to address themselves.
  • Dalit means ‘broken’.
  • By using this word, lower castes point to how they were and continue to be seriously discriminated against.

Question 4.
Briefly write about the unequal treatment that Omprakash Valmiki had to face in his early years.
Answer:
Omprakash Valmiki in his autobiography, Joothan, wrote about his experience. During his schooling days he had to sit on the floor outside the class. In class IV he had to sweep the school and a huge playground.

He became a spectacle for everyone was watching him. He was covered with dust and was not even allowed to drink water. He was made to do this for few days until one day his father by chance saw him. His father confronted the teacher and told them that one day Omprakash would study right there and many more would follow him.

Question 5.
What kind of discrimination was faced by the Ansari family?
Answer:
It is an incident that took place in a large city in India. Ansari family wanted to rent an apartment. They approached a property dealer for help. The property dealer knew about quite a few places. Ansaris liked the first apartment shown to them.

After knowing their names landlady made an excuse that she could rent the apartment to a non-vegetarian since all the other residents are vegetarian. This surprised the Ansaris as well as the property dealer because they could smell fish being cooked in next house.

This happened with them at other places as well. They were given the suggestion that they should change their name to get an apartment. The Ansaris were not willing to do this. It took them a month to find an apartment on rent.

Recognising Dignity

Question 1.
What are the basis on which we are treated unequally?
Answer:

  • Caste, religion, class background whether we are male or female—are often the things that determine why we are treated unequally.
  • Omprakash Valmiki and the Ansaris are being treated unequally on the basis of differences of caste and religion.

Question 2.
When persons are treated unequally, their dignity is violated. How?
Answer:

  • When persons are treated unequally their dignity is violated because they feel humiliated.
  • The dignity of both Omprakash Valmiki and the Ansaris was violated because of the way in which they were treated.
  • By picking on him and making him sweep the school, because of his caste, Omprakash Valmiki’s schoolmates and teachers badly hurt his dignity and made him feel as if he was less than equal to all other students in the school.
  • Being a child Omprakash Valmiki could do very little about the situation that he was in. It was his father who felt angry by this unequal treatment. He confronted the teachers.
  • The Ansaris’ dignity was also hurt when persons refused to lease their apartments to them.
  • The suggestion of the property dealer to change their name also violated their dignity or self-respect. Hence, they refused this suggestion.
  • Omprakash and the Ansaris do not deserve to be treated like this. They deserve the same respect and dignity as others.

Equality in Indian Democracy

Question 1.
What is the position of equality in India, a democratic country?
Answer:

  • The Indian Constitution recognises every person as equal.
  • This means that every person in the country, both male and female from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic backgrounds is equal.
  • Inequality still exists. But at least, in democratic India, the principle of the equality of all. persons is recognised.
  • Earlier no law existed to protect people from discrimination and, ill-treatment.
  • Now there are several laws that work to see that people are treated with dignity and as equals. !

Question 2.
What are the provisions in the Constitution of India in respect of recognition of equality?
Answer:
The recognition of equality includes some of the following provisions in the constitution:

  • Every person is equal before the law. This means that every person from the
    President of the country to a domestic worker has to obey the same laws.
  • No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth, or gender.
  • Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets. All persons can use wells, roads and bathing ghats.
  • Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 3.
Describe the two ways in which government has tried to implement the equality.
Answer:

  • The two ways in which the government has tried to implement the equality that is guaranteed in the constitution are:
    1. Through laws.
    2. Through government programmes or schemes to help disadvantaged communities.
  • There are several laws in India that protect every person’s right to be treated equally.
  • The government has also set up several schemes to improve the lives of immunities and individuals who have been treated unequally for several centuries.
  • The schemes ensure greater opportunity for people who have not had this in the past.

Question 4.
What is the most important step the government has taken to end inequality?
Answer:
One of the steps taken by the government is the midday meal scheme.

  • This refers to the programme introduced in all government elementary schools. It provides children with cooked lunch.
  • Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to introduce this scheme.
  • In 2001, the Supreme Court asked all state governments to begin this programme in their schools within six months.
  • This programme has many positive effects which include the fact that more poor children have begun enrolling and regularly attending school.
  • This programme has also helped reduce caste prejudices because both lower and upper caste children in the school eat this meal together.
  • In a few places, Dalit women have been employed to cook the meal.
  • The mid-day meal programme also helps reduce the hunger of poor students who often come to school and cannot concentrate because their stomachs are empty.

Question 5.
How has the mid day meal programme improved the attendance level in schools?
Answer:
The children would go back home for lunch and would nor report back. With mid day meal this has changed. Now even the mothers do not have to interrupt their work to feed children.

Question 6.
Describe the areas in which Dalit children are discriminated against.
Answer:

  • The midday meal programme has helped increase the enrolment and attendance of poor children in school yet there continues to be big differences in this country between schools that the rich attend and those that the poor attend.
  • Even today there are several schools in the country in which Dalit children like Omprakash Valmiki are discriminated against and treated unequally.
  • These children are forced into unequal situations in which their dignity is not respected. This is because people do not think them as equal even though the law requires it.

Question 7.
What is one of the main reasons which is responsible for continuance of discrimination?
Answer:
One of the main reasons for continuance of discrimination is that attitudes change very slowly.

  • Persons are aware that discrimination is against the law. Still they continue to treat people unequally on the basis of their caste, religion, disability, economic status and sex.
  • It is only when people begin to believe that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated with dignity, that attitudes change.
  • Establishing equality in a democratic society is a continuous struggle.
  • Persons 12321s well as various communities in India contribute to remove inequalities.

Issues of Equality in Other Democracies

Question 1.
Account for issues of equality in other democracies.
Answer:
Issues of Equality in Other Democracies:
India is not the only democratic country in which there is inequality and in which the struggle for equality continues to exist.

In most democratic countries around the world the issue of equality continues to be the key issue around which communities struggle.

  • In USA the Africo-Americans brought as slaves from Africa continue to be largely unequal.
  • This is despite a movement in the late 1950s to push for equal rights for Africo- Americans.
  • Prior to this, Africo-Americans were treated extremely unequally in the United States. They were denied equality through law.

Question 2.
Describe the incident of a day with Rosa Parks. What did the incident lead to?
Answer:

  • Rosa Parks was an Africo-American woman.
  • Tired from a long day at work she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man on December 1, 1955.
  • Her refusal started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which Africo- Americans were treated. This came, later on, to be known as the Civil Rights Movement.
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion or national origin.
  • It also stated that all schools would be open to Africo-American children and that they would no longer have to attend separate schools specially set up for them.
  • Despite this, a majority of Africo-Americans continue to be among the poorest in the country.
  • Most Africo-American children can only afford to attend government schools that have fewer facilities and poorly qualified teachers in comparison to white students who either go to private schools or live in areas where the government schools are highly rated compared to private schools.

Challenge of Democracy

Question 1.
What is major challenge to democracy?
Answer:
No country is described as completely democratic country. There are always certain challenges like

  • caste system
  • inequality of gender or gender bias
  • economic or social inequality.
  • communities and individuals are always trying to expand democracy. They push for equality on existing and new issues.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 10 Life in the Deserts | CLASS 7TH | NCERT GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 10 Life in the Deserts

MCQs

Question 1.
Which region is characterised by extremely high or low temperature and has scarce vegetation?
(a) Desert
(b) Fertile land
(c) Grassland
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Desert

Question 2.
How many countries touch Sahara desert?
(a) Eleven
(b) Thirteen
(c) Sixteen
(d) Twenty

Answer

Answer: (a) Eleven

Question 3.
What was the maximum temperature recorded at Al-Azizia in south of Tripoli in Sahara desert in 1922?
(a) 48°C
(b) 48.7°C
(c) 57.7°C
(d) 39.7°C

Answer

Answer: (c) 57.7°C

Question 4.
The maximum temperature of Sahara during day time is about 50°C and at nights it is
(a) 0°C
(b) 10°C
(c) 30°C
(d) 40°C

Answer

Answer: (a) 0°C

Question 5.
Which of these trees is not found in Sahara desert?
(a) Mango
(b) Date palm
(c) Acacia
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Mango

Question 6.
What is the energy product in great demand throughout the world?
(a) Uranium
(b) Fats
(c) Manganese
(d) Oil

Answer

Answer: (d) Oil

Question 7.
Which crop is famous in Egypt?
(a) Maize
(b) Wheat
(c) Cotton
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Cotton

Question 8.
What are two words by which Ladakh is made of?
(a) La and Dak
(b) Lad and hakh
(c) Lad and akh
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) La and Dak

Question 9.
What is the capital of Ladakh?
(a) Jammu
(b) Srinagar
(c) New Delhi
(d) Leh

Answer

Answer: (d) Leh

Question 10.
What is the other name of Ladakh?
(a) Indus
(b) Kargil
(c) Khapa-chan
(d) Karakoram

Answer

Answer: (c) Khapa-chan

Question 11.
Which of the following birds are sighted in Ladakh?
(a) Robin
(b) Redstarts
(c) Raven
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 12.
Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous
(a) monastery
(b) church
(c) temple
(d) mosque

Answer

Answer: (a) monastery

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B:

Column AColumn B
1. Chiru(a) Buddhist religion
2. Willow tree(b) Depression with water in deserts
3. Drass(c) Coldest place
4. Gangri(d) Shahtoosh
5. Gompas(e) Cricket bat
6. Oasis(f) Glacier
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Chiru(d) Shahtoosh
2. Willow tree(e) Cricket bat
3. Drass(c) Coldest place
4. Gangri(f) Glacier
5. Gompas(a) Buddhist religion
6. Oasis(b) Depression with water in deserts

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Sahara desert touches the boundaries of …………… countries.

Answer

Answer: eleven

2. The People of Sahara wear heavy robes as a protection against …………… and …………….

Answer

Answer: dust storms, hot winds

3. ………….. is enclosed by the Karakoram range in the north.

Answer

Answer: Ladakh

4. Yak’s milk is used to make ………….. and …………..

Answer

Answer: butter, cheese

5. Leh is connected to Kashmir through …………….. Pass.

Answer

Answer: Zoji la

6. ………….. is the most important river of Ladakh.

Answer

Answer: Indus

Question 1.
What does water actually mean to us?
Answer:

  • Water actually means life to plants, animals and people.
  • It is difficult for anyone to live in place,
  • Where there is no water to drink.
  • Where there is no grass for the cattle to feed on.
  • Where there is no water to help the crops to grow.

Question 2.
Discuss the places where extreme harsh temperatures are found.
Answer:

  • There are several places in the world where extreme harsh temperatures are found.
  • They are the places where temperature are as hot as fire.
  • On the other hand there are some as cold as ice.
  • These are the desert areas of the world.
  • They are characterised by low rainfall, scanty vegetation and extreme temperatures.
  • Based on temperatures they are:
  • Hot desert
  • Cold desert
  • People inhabit these lands wherever a little water is available to practise agriculture.

Question 3.
Define the term desert with example.
Answer:
It is an arid region with extreme temperatures and scarce vegetation. For example, Sahara and Ladakh.

The Hot Desert  – Sahara

Question 1.
Discuss the situation and location of Sahara Desert.
Answer:
Situation and Location of Sahara Desert:

  • Sahara desert covers large part of North Africa.
  • It is the largest desert of the world.
  • It has an area of around 85.4 lakh square kilometre.
  • It is almost 2.5 times larger than the total geographical area of India (32 lakh sq. km.)
  • The Sahara Desert covers eleven countries. They are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

Question 2.
Account for the relief of Sahara Desert.
Answer:
Relief of the Sahara Desert:

  • Sahara desert is a vast expanse of sand and sand.
  • But besides the vast stretches of sands, there are also gravel plains and elevated plateaus with bare rocky surface.
  • These rocky surfaces are more than 2500 metres high at some places.
  • Big boulders of stones and gravels are found all over the desert.

Climate

Question .1.
Give an account of the climate of Sahara Desert.
Answer:
Climate of Sahara Desert:

  • Climate of the Sahara desert is scorching hot and parch dry.
  • It has a short rainy season.
  • The sky is cloudless and clear.

Here moisture evaporates faster than it accumulates.

  • Days are unbelievably hot.
  • Temperatures during the day soars as high as 50°C, heating up the sand and bare rocks.
  • They in turn, radiate heat making everything hot all around.

Nights are freezing cold with temperatures nearing zero degree.

Question 2.
Which place in the Sahara desert recorded the highest temperature in 1922?
Answer:
Al Azizia in Sahara, south of Tripoli (Libya) recorded the highest temperature of 57.7°C in 1922.

Flora and Fauna

Question 1.
Explain the flora and fauna of Sahara desert.
Answer:
Flora and Fauna of Sahara Desert:

  • Vegetation in the Sahara desert comprises of cactus, date, palms and acacia.
  • In some places there are oasis-green islands with date palms surrounding them.
  • Camels, hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, numerous varieties of snakes and lizards are the prominent animal species which inhabit the Sahara Desert.

People

Question 1.
Explain the life of people of Sahara Desert.
Answer:
Life of People of Sahara Desert:

  • The Sahara desert has a very harsh climate.
  • Despite this it has been inhabited by various groups of people.
  • They pursue different activities.

Among them are the Bedouins and Tuaregs.

  • These groups are nomadic tribes.
  • They rear livestock like goats, sheeps, camels and horses.
  • These animals provide them with milk, hides and hair.
  • They make leather belts, slippers, water bottles from hides.
  • They use hair in making mats, carpets, clothes and blankets.
  • They wear heavy robes as protection against dust-storms and hot winds.

Question 2.
Which areas in the Sahara supports settled life and how?
Answer:
The oasis in the Sahara and the Nile Valley in Egypt support settled population.

  • Since water is available people grow date palms.
  • Other crops like rice, wheat, barley and beans are grown.
  • Egyptian cotton is famous worldwide. It is grown in Egypt.

The discovery of oil in Algeria, Libya and Egypt is constantly transforming the Sahara desert.
Other minerals of the area are iron, phosphorus, manganese and uranium.

Question 3.
How is Sahara’s landscape gradually changing?
Answer:
The cultural landscape of the Sahara is undergoing change.

  • Gleaming glass cased office buildings, tower over mosques and superhighways criss-cross the ancient camel paths.
  • Trucks are replacing camels in salt trade.
  • Tuaregs are seen acting as guides to foreign tourists.
  • More and more Nomadic herdsmen are taking to city life finding jobs in oil and gas operations.

Question 4.
Describe an Oasis and its major features.
Answer:
An Oasis:

  • Depressions are formed when wind blows away the sands.
  • In the depressions where underground water reaches the surface, Oasis is formed.
  • Oasis is fertile.
  • People settle around these water bodies.
  • They grow date palms and other crops.
  • Sometimes the oasis is abnormally large.
  • Tafilalet Oasis in Morocco is a large oasis with an area of about 13000 sq. kms.

The Cold Desert – Ladakh

Question 1.
Explain the locational set up of the Ladakh Cold Desert.
Answer:
Locational set up of the Ladakh Cold Desert:

  • Ladakh is a cold desert.
  • It lies in the great Himalayas, on the eastern portion of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • The Karakoram Range in the north and the Zanskar Mountains in the south surround it.
  • Several rivers flow through Ladakh.
  • Indus is the main river.
  • The rivers form deep valleys and gorges.
  • Several glaciers are found in Ladakh.
  • Example: Gangri glacier

Question 2.
Discuss the climate of Ladakh.
Answer:
Climate of Ladakh:

  • Climate is extremely cold and dry.
  • The altitude in Ladakh varies from about 3000 metres in Kargil to more than 8000 metres in the Karakoram.
  • The air at great altitude is so thin that the heat of the sun is felt intensely.
  • The day temperatures in summers are just above zero degree and the night temperatures well below 30°C.
  • It is freezing cold in the winters when the temperatures remain below 40°C for most of the time.
  • Ladakh lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas.
  • Hence there is little rainfall, as low as 10 centimetres every year.
  • The area experiences freezing winds and burning hot sunlight.
  • If people sit in the sun with their feet in the shade.
  • They suffer from both sunstroke and frost bite at the same time.

Flora and Fauna

Question 1.
What flora and fauna are found in Ladakh?
Answer:
Flora and Fauna found in Ladakh:

Due to dryness, vegetation is sparse.

  • There are very sparse patches of grasses and shrubs for animals to graze.
  • Groves of willows and poplars are found in the valleys.
  • During summers, fruit trees like apples, apricots and walnuts bloom.

Fauna of Ladakh includes birds and animals.

  • Several species of birds are sighted in Ladakh.
  • Robins, Redstarts, Tibetan Snowcock, Raven and Hoopoe are common.
  • Some of these are migratory birds.
  • The animals of Ladakh are the wild goats, wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs.
  • The animals provide milk, meat and hides.
  • The yak’s milk is used to make cheese and butter.
  • The hair of the sheep and goat is used to make woollen clothes.

The Chiru or the Tibetan antelope is an endangered species. It is hunted for its wool known as shahtoosh.

  • The wool is light in weight and extremely warm.

People

Question 1.
Which tribes inhabit Ladakh? Explain their ways of life.
Answer:
The People of Ladakh:

  • The people of Ladakh resemble the inhabitants of Tibet and Central Asia.
  • They are either Muslims or Buddhists.
  • In fact several Buddhist monasteries dot the Ladakhi Landscape with their traditional ‘gompas’.
  • Sopie famous monasteries are Hemis, Thiksey, Shey and Lamayuru.

Ways of Life:

  • In the summer season people are busy in cultivation of barley, potatoes, peas, beans and turnip.
  • In winter people keep themselves engaged in festivities and ceremonies.

The women are very hard working.

  • They work both in the house and fields.
  • They also manage small business and shops.
  • Leh is the capital of Ladakh.
  • It is well-connected both by road and air.
  • The National Highway LA connects Leh to Kashmir Valley through the Zoji la Pass.

Question 2.
Name the 4 passes which the Manali-Leh highway crosses.
Answer:

  • Manali-Leh Highway crosses four passes:
  • Rohtang la, Baralacha la, Lungalacha la and Tanglang la.
  • The highway opens only between July and September when snow is cleared
    from the road.

Question 3.
What is major activity in Ladakh?
Answer:

  • Tourism is a major activity.
  • Several tourists stream in here from within India and abroad.
  •  Visits to the gompas, treks to see the meadows and glaciers, witnessing ceremonies and festivities are important activities of the Ladakh  people.
  • Life of people has now undergone a change due to modernisation.
  • The people of Ladakh have over the centuries learnt to live in balance and harmony with nature.
  • Due to scarcity of resources like water and fuel, they are used with reverence and care.
  • Nothing is discarded or wasted.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER – 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands | CLASS 7TH | NCERT GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands

MCQs

 

Question 1.
Approximately how much area of earth is covered with grasslands?
(a) 40%
(b) 25%
(c) 10%
(d) 33%

Answer

Answer: (b) 25%

Question 2.
What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called?
(a) Prairies
(b) Sahara
(c) Nile
(d) Tropical region

Answer

Answer: (a) Prairies

Question 3.
Which is the Latin word that means meadow?
(a) Priata
(b) Susu
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Priata

Question 4.
Which country does the river Mississippi drain?
(a) Africa
(b) USA
(c) Amazon
(d) Canada

Answer

Answer: (b) USA

Question 5.
Rocky mountains are bounded by which of the grasslands on their east?
(a) Pampos
(b) Prairies
(c) Velds
(d) Sheep

Answer

Answer: (b) Prairies

Question 6.
Due to the absence of the north-south barriers a local wind blows in USA which is called
(a) loo
(b) cool breeze
(c) chinook
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (c) chinook

Question 7.
How much lowest temperature has been recorded during winter in North America?
(a) 20°C
(b) -20°C
(c) 10°C
(d) -10°C

Answer

Answer: (b) -20°C

Question 8.
What are the cattle farms in North America called?
(a) Velds
(b) Arches
(c) Sheds
(d) Ranches

Answer

Answer: (d) Ranches

Question 9.
What is the second major industry of Canada?
(a) Dairy farming
(b) Coal mining
(c) Gold mining
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Dairy farming

Question 10.
The important cities in American Prairies are
(a) Chicago
(b) Minneapolis
(c) Kansas
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 11.
What lies to the west of veld grasslands?
(a) Drakensburg
(b) River Orange
(c) Kalahari desert
(d) Nothing

Answer

Answer: (c) Kalahari desert

Question 12.
Which is the coldest month in the Veld grasslands?
(a) January
(b) July
(c) June
(d) October

Answer

Answer: (b) July

Question 13.
Which of these animal is not found in the Velds?
(a) Leopard
(b) Cheetah
(c) Kudu
(d) Dodo

Answer

Answer: (d) Dodo

Question 14.
What is Kimberley famous for?
(a) Gold
(b) Diamonds
(c) Silver
(d) Platinum

Answer

Answer: (b) Diamonds

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B

Column AColumn B
1. Veld(a) Tribes
2. Apache, cree(b) Local wind in prairies
3. Coyotes, gophers(c) Ranches
4. Chinook(d) Dutch people
5. Bison(e) Animals
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Veld(d) Dutch people
2. Apache, cree(a) Tribes
3. Coyotes, gophers(e) Animals
4. Chinook(b) Local wind in prairies
5. Bison(c) Ranches

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Areas with little rainfall have short ……………

Answer

Answer: grasses

2. Velds are drained by the rivers …………. and ……………

Answer

Answer: orange, Limpopo

3. A machine called …………… can do the tasks of threshing, sowing and ploughing.

Answer

Answer: combine

4. Prairies have large mineral deposits of coal and ……………..

Answer

Answer: iron

Question 1.
Define forests and grasslands.
Answer:
Forests:
Forests are defined as the places where trees are the main type of vegetation.

Grasslands:
Grasslands are defined as regions where grasses form the dominant type of plant life.

Question 2.
Give the main features of Grasslands.
Answer:
Main Features of Grasslands:

  • Grasslands spread almost over 25% of the total land surface.
  • The type of plants that grow in grasslands greatly depend on the type of climate and the type of soil.
  • Climate plays an important role in the formation of grasslands.
  • Hence it is generally used as a basis to divide the World’s Grasslands.
  • They are classified into two broad categories:
  • Temperate Grasslands: They grow in the temperate regions.
  • Tropical Grasslands: They occur in the tropical regions.

Question 3.
Name various grasslands along with their areas.
Answer:
Various grasslands along with their areas are:
Tropical grasslands:

  • Savannah – East Africa
  • Campos – Brazil
  • Linos – Venezuela

Temperate grasslands:

  • Pampas – Argentina
  • Prairie – North America
  • Veld – South Africa
  • Steppe – Central Asia
  • Down – Australia.

The Prairies

Question 1.
Explain the main features of Prairie Grasslands.
Answer:
Major Features of Prairie Grasslands:
The temperate grasslands of North America are termed as Prairies.

  • It is region of flat, gently sloping or hilly land,
  • They are covered chiefly by grasses.

Prairies are treeless but, woodlands can be found near the low lying plains, flanked by river valleys.

  • Trees are few and far between.
  • They are actually a “sea of grass.”

Question 2.
Where are the Prairies situated? Which rivers drain them?
Answer:

  • The prairies are bound by the Rocky Mountains in West and the Great Lakes in the East.
  • They cover parts of United States of America and parts of Canada.
  • In the U.S.A., the area is drained by the tributaries of Mississippi.
  • The Canadian Prairies are drained by the tributaries of Saskatchewan Rivers.

Question 3.
Name the various tribes living in the prairies.
Answer:
Various tribes living in prairies—native Americans called ‘Red Indians’, and the other tribes like the Apache, the crow, the cree and the pawnee.

Climate

Question 1.
Describe the climate of Prairies.
Answer:
Climate of Prairies:

  • The prairies are located in the heart of North American Continent.
  • The climate is of continental type with extremities of temperatures.
  • Summers are warm with temperatures of around 20°C.
  • In winter temperatures of -20°C are recorded in Winnipeg, Canada. During this season thick blanket of snow covers the region.
  • The annual rainfall is moderate.
  • It is ideal for the growth of grass.
  • Due to the absence of the north-south barter, a local wind “chinook” blows here. It is hot and raises the temperature in winter in a short time.

Question 2.
What is “Chinook”?
Answer:
Chinook is a hot wind that blows in winter and raises the temperature within a short period of time.

  • This increase in temperature results in melting of snow.making pasture Jiand available for grazing.

Flora and Fauna

Question 1.
Give an account of flora and fauna of the Prairie Grasslands.
Answer:
Flora and Fauna of the Prairie Grasslands:

  • Prairies are practically treeless.
  • With the availability of winter, trees like willows, alders and poplars grow here and there.

Places that receive rainfall of over 50 cm. are suitable for farming due to fertile soil.

  • Major crop of this area is maize.
  • Potatoes, soyabean, cotton and alfa-alfa are also grown in this region.

Areas where rainfall is very less or unreliable, grasses are short and sparse.

  • These areas are suitable for cattle rearing.
  • Large cattle farms called ranches are looked after by sturdy men called cowboys.
  • Bison or the American buffalo is the most important animal of this region.
  • Bison nearly got extinct due to its indiscriminate hunting.
  • It is now a protected species.
  • The other animals found in this region include rabbits, coyotes, gophers and Prairie dogs.

People

Question 1.
Describe the life of the people in the Prairie Grasslands.
Answer:
Life of the people in the Prairie Grasslands:

  • People of the prairie grasslands are very hardworking.
  • They have successfully used technology to utilise their rich natural resources.
  • There are two most developed countries in the world.
  • They are USA and Canada.
  • Prairie region spreads in both the countries.
  • Scientific methods of cultivation and use of tractors, harvesters and combines have made North America a surplus food producer.
  • The prairies are also known as “Granaries of the World” due to the huge surplus of wheat production.
  • Dairy farming is another major industry.
  • The dairy belt extends from the Great Lakes region to the Atlantic coast in the east.
  • Dairy farming and extensive agriculture both promote setting up of food processing industries in this region. People are engaged in their activities in large numbers.
  • Large mineral deposits particularly coal and iron ore found in abundance here.
  • There is a good network of roads, railways and canals in this region.
  • Both these have made it the most industrialised region in the world.

Question 2.
Mention the important cities of the U.SA and Canada Prairies.
Answer:
Important cities in the U.S.A. are:

  • Chicago
  • Mineapolis
  • Indianapolis
  • Kansas
  • Denver

In Canadian Prairies the important cities are:

  • Edmonton
  • Saskatoon
  • Calgary
  • Winnipeg

Question 3.
Write the uses of machine ‘combine’.
Answer:
Combine is a single machine which can combine the tasks of sowing, ploughing and threshing.

The Velds

Question 1.
Explain the topography of the Velds Grasslands?
Answer:
Topography of the Velds Grasslands:

  • Velds are the temperate grasslands of South Africa.
  • They are rolling plateaus with varying heights between 600 m and 1100 m.
  • The region is bounded by the Drakensburg Mountains on the east, by the Kalahari desert on the west and by “high Velds” on the north-eastern part.
  • On the north-eastern part, the region attains a height of more than 1600 m in some places.
  • The countries that are covered by the Velds are:
  • Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Sawaziland and Lesotho. –
  • The tributaries of River Orange and Limpopo drain the region.

Climate

Question 1.
Explain the climate of Velds Grasslands.
Answer:
Climate of Velds Grasslands:
The Velds lie under the influence of the Indian ocean. Hence their climate is mild.

Winters are cold and dry.

  • Temperatures vary between 5°C and 10°C.
  • July is the coldest month.
  • The rainfall is scanty in the winter months from June till August.
  • During the period drought may occur.

Summers are short and warm.

  • Johannesburg records about 20°C temperature in the summer.
  • The Velds receive rainfall mainly in the summer months from November to February.
  • This is mainly because of the warm rear currents that wash the shores of the Velds.

Flora and Fauna

Question 1.
Give an account of the flora and fauna found in the Velds Grasslands.
Answer:
Flora and Fauna Veld Grasslands:

  • In the Velds grasslands vegetation is sparse.
  • Grasses dominate the landscape.
  • Red grass grows in bush Velds.
  • In the high Velds acacia and maroola grow well.
  • The animals of the Velds are primarily lions, leopards, cheetah and kudu.

People

Question 1.
Describe the life of the people inhabiting the Velds Grasslands.
Answer:
Life of People inhabiting the Velds Grasslands:

  • In the Velds, people are engaged in cattle rearing and mining.
  • The soils are not very fertile in the Velds due to the presence of discontinuous grasses exposing barren surface.

In the areas where land is fertile, crops are grown.

  • Main crops of the region are maize, wheat, barley, oats and potatoes.
  • Cash crops like tobacco, sugarcane and cotton are also grown.

Sheep rearing is the most important occupation of the people.

  • Sheep is bred mainly for wool.
  • Easy availability of wool has given rise to the woollen industry in the Velds.
  • Merino sheep is a popular species.

Dairy farming is the other important occupation of the people.

  • Cattle are reared in the warmer and wetter regions.
  • Major dairy products like butter, cheese are produced for both domestic supply and also for export.

Question 2.
Describe mining as another occupation of the people of Veld region.
Answer:
Mining is yet another important occupation of the people.

  • The Velds have rich reserve of minerals.
  • Iron and steel industry has developed where coal and iron are mined.

Gold and diamond mining are major occupations of the people of this region.

  • Johannesburg is known for being the Gold Capital of the world.
  • Kimberley is famous for its diamond mines.

Mining of diamond and gold in South Africa led to the establishment of trade ties with Britain.

  • South Africa gradually became a British Colony.
  • This mineral rich area has a well-developed network of transport and communication.
Read More
Rohit0 comments

CHAPTER –  8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region | CLASS 7TH | NCERT GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Chapter - 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

MCQs

Question 1.
What are the common needs of all the people?
(a) Food
(b) Toys
(c) Camera
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Food

Question 2.
The place where a river flows into another water body is called
(a) river’s mouth
(b) river’s nose
(c) river’s leg
(d) all of these

Answer

Answer: (a) river’s mouth

Question 3.
How is the climate of Amazon basin characterized?
(a) By cold and wet
(b) By hot and wet
(c) By dry or wet
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) By hot and wet

Question 4.
At night the temperature goes down in the Amazon basin but the humidity
(a) remains same
(b) remains low
(c) remains high
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer: (c) remains high

Question 5.
The forests are in fact so thick that the dense ‘roof is created by
(a) cement
(b) concrete
(c) leaves
(d) stones

Answer

Answer: (c) leaves

Question 6.
Toucans are the type of
(a) animals
(b) crops
(c) birds
(d) reptiles

Answer

Answer: (c) birds

Question 7.
Manioc food belongs to the area of
(a) South America
(b) South Africa
(c) Amazon area
(d) Ganga basin

Answer

Answer: (a) South America

Question 8.
Where is one horned rhinoceros found?
(a) Brahmaputra plain
(b) Amazon basin
(c) Ghaghra plain
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) Brahmaputra plain

Question 9.
What is the main occupation of the people living in Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?
(a) Fishing
(b) Lumbering
(c) Mining
(d) Agriculture

Answer

Answer: (d) Agriculture

Question 10.
Where is Bengal Tiger found?
(a) Mountain area
(b) Amazon basin
(c) Sundarbans delta
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Sundarbans delta

Question 11.
On which river bank are Allahabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, located?
(a) River Ganga
(b) River Brahmaputra
(c) River Hooghly
(d) River Yamuna

Answer

Answer: (a) River Ganga

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B:

Column AColumn B
1. Susu(a) Variety of snakes
2. Kolkata(b) Important port
3. Cassava(c) Stored water in leaves
4. Bromeliads(d) Blind dolphin
5. Anaconda and boa(e) Underground root
Answer

Answer:

Column AColumn B
1. Susu(d) Blind dolphin
2. Kolkata(b) Important port
3. Cassava(e) Underground root
4. Bromeliads(c) Stored water in leaves
5. Anaconda and boa(a) Variety of snakes

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Women of warrior tribe in Roman empire were called ……………

Answer

Answer: Amazons

2. Small rivers that join a main river are called …………..

Answer

Answer: tributaries

3. Large houses called …………. have steep slanting roof.

Answer

Answer: maloca

4. West Bengal and Assam are known for ………… plantations.

Answer

Answer: tea

5. People in …………… eat queen ants and their eggs.

Answer

Answer: Amazon basin

Question 1.
Why is Renuka excited?
Answer:
Renuka is excited as her wildlife photographer uncle was coming back home. He had introduced her to the books having pictures of distant lands and life of people there.

Question 2.
What are the similarities or differences between the people of different countries?
Answer:
People of deserts, frozen land or hot wet forests only look different, they have same basic needs of food clothing and shelter. The children are all alike,they play same games, sing, dance, fight or make up.
The main difference is that some of them live close to nature and have learnt to use and protect nature.

Life in the Amazon Basin

Question 1.
Describe the situation and location of the Amazon Basin.
Answer:
Situation and Location of the Amazon Basin:

  • Look at the world map (on page 56 of the textbook), the Amazon Basin lies very close to the equator, between 10°N to 10°S.
  • This region is known as the equatorial region.
  • The river Amazon flows through this region.

It flows1 from the mountains in the west and reaches the Atlantic Ocean in the east.

  • Numerous tributaries join in the Amazon river and they together form the Amazon Basin.
  • The river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.

Question 2.
Name the countries of the basin through which the equator passes.
The countries of the basin through which the equator passes are
South America:

  • Ecuador
  • Columbia
  • Brazil

Africa:

  • Yabon
  • Dem.Rep of Congo
  • Uganda
  • Kenya

Asia:

  • Indonesia

Question 3.
What is river’s mouth?
Answer:
The place where a river flows into another body of water is called the river’s mouth.

Question 4.
Define the tributary.
Answer:
The small rivers that join the main river are called its tributaries, for example Son, Yamuna are tributaries of Ganga.

Climate

Question 1.
Give an account of the climate of Amazon Basin.
Answer:
Climate of Amazon Basin:

  • Amazon basin stretches directly on the Equator.
  • It has hot and wet climate throughout the year.
  • Both day and nights are almost equally hot and humid.
  • Skin feels sticky.
  • It rains almost every day.
  • It rains without much warning.
  • The day temperatures are high with high humidity.
  • At night the temperature goes down but humidity is high.

Rainforests

Question 1.
Give an account of rain forests and wild life of Amazon Basin.
Answer:
Rainforests of Amazon Basin:

  • In Amazon basin, it rains heavily.
  • Thick forests grow here.

They are in fact so thick and dense that “roof* created by leaves and branches do not allow the sunlight to reach the ground.

  • The ground remains dark and damp.
  • Only shade tolerant vegetation grows here.
  • Orchids, bromeliads grow as plant parasites.

Wild Life of Amazon Basin

  • The rainforests are rich in fauna.
  • Birds like toucans, humming birds, birds of paradise with their brilliantly coloured plumage, oversized bills for eating make them different from birds found in India.
  • These birds also make loud sound in the forests.
  • Animals like monkeys, sloth and ant-eating tapirs are found here.
  • Various species of reptiles and snakes are also found in these jungles.
  • Crocodiles, snakes, pythons abound.
  • Anaconda and Boa constrictor are some of the species.
  • Amazon basin is also the home of thousands of species of insects.
  • Several species of fish like the flesh-eating Piranha fish is also found in the river.
  • Amazon basin is actually extraordinarily rich in the variety of life found there.

People of the rainforests

Question 1.
Describe the life of people of the Rainforests of Amazon”Basin.
Answer:
Life of the People of the Rainforests of Amazon Basin:
People grow most of their food in small areas after clearing some trees in the forest.

  • Men hunt and catch fish along the rivers.
  • Women take care of the crops.
  • They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple, and sweet potato.
  • Hunting and fishing being uncertain, it is the women who keep their families alive by feeding them the vegetables they grow.
  • They practise “slash and bum agriculture”.
  • The staple food is manioc. It is also known as cassava. It grows under the ground like the potato.
  • The people also eat queen ants and egg sacs.
  • Cash crops like coffee, maize and cocoa are also grown in the Amazon Basin.

The rainforests provide a lot of wood for the houses.

  • Some families live in thatched houses. They are shaped like beehives.
  • There are other large apartment-like houses called “Maloca”. They have steeply slanting roofs to allow rain water flowing down easily.

Question 2.
What changes have occurred with life of the people of Amazon Basin in recent times?
Answer:
Life of the people of the Amazon basin is slowly changing.
In the early days, to reach the heart of the forest, river was the only means of transport.

  • In modem times means of transport have developed considerably. In 1970 the Trans Amazon highway made all parts of the rainforest accessible.
  •  Aircrafts and helicopters are also used for reaching various places.
  • The aborigines (indigenous) population was pushed out.
  • Diverse rain forests are being destroyed with long term consequences.

Question 3.
What is the affect of Developmental activities in the Amazon basin?
Answer:
The developmental activities are leading to the gradual destruction of the biologically diverse rainforests. Annually a large area is disappearing. The top soil is being washed away and the land is becoming barren.

Question 4.
Give an account of Slash and Burn Agriculture.
Answer:
Slash and Bum Agriculture:

  • It is a way of cultivating land where farmers clear a piece of land by slashing or cutting down trees and bushes.
  • These are then burnt, which release the nutrients into soil.
  • New crops are grown in this cleared field for a few years.

After repeatedly using the patch of land, the soil loses its nutrients.

  • So it is abandoned.
  • Then they clear another plot of land to plant.

In the meantime young trees grow in the old field.

  • In this way soil fertility is restarted (restored).
  • People then return to it.
  • They start cultivating again by repeating the process.

Life in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin

Question 1.
Explain the physiography of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:
Physiography of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin:
The tributaries of river Ganga and Brahmaputra together form the Ganga- Brahmaputra basin in the Indian subcontinent.

  • It lies in the sub-tropical region.
  • It is located between 10°N and 30°N latitudes.

The tributaries of the River Ganga like the Ghagra, the Son, the Chambal, the Gandak, the Kosi and the tributaries of Brahmaputra drain it.

Human Environment Interactions The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 8 - 3

  • Some of the tributaries of the river Brahmaputra are:
  • Dihang, Dibang. Lohit and Dhansiri.

The main physiographical features of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin are:

  • Mountains and foothills of the Himalayas
  • Sundarbans delta
  • Ox-bow lakes dot the plain area.

Question 2.
River Brahmaputra is known. by different names in different places. It is called Tsangpo in Tibet. Find the other names of the river.
Answer:
Dehang, Dahang, Jarnuna, Meghna, Padma etc.

Question 3.
What is the climate of Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin?
Answer:

  • The Ganga-Brahamputra Basin is dominated by monsoon climate.
  • The monsoon brings rains from mid-June to mid-September.
  • The summers are hot.
  • The winters are cool and generally dry.

Question 4.
Look at the Map of’ India. List the states in which the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin lies.
Answer:
Ganga:

  • Uttarakhand
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Northern Madhya Pradesh
  • Northern Chhattisgarh
  • Bihar
  • Jharkhand
  • West-Bengai.

Brahmaputra:

  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Assam
  • Meghalaya

Question 5.
How does environment play a dominant role in the distribution of population in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin:

  • Ganga-Brahmaputra basin has varied topography.
  • The environment plays a dominant role in the distribution of the population here.
  • The mountain areas with steep slopes have inhospitable terrain.
    Hence less number of people live in the mountain area of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
  • The plain area provides the most suitable land for human habitation.
  • The soil is fertile.
  • Agriculture is the main occupation of the people.
  • The density of population is very high.
  • Since cultivation of paddy requires sufficient water, it is grown in the areas where the amount of rainfall is high or enough water is available.

Question 6.
Give an account of agriculture in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:
Agriculture in Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin:

  • Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Gram and Millets are major crops that are grown as food crops.
  • Cash crops like sugarcane and jute are grown in large quantities.
  • Banana plantation are seen in some areas of the plain.

Human Environment Interactions The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 8 - 2

  • In West-Bengal and Assam tea is grown in plantations.
  • Silk is produced through the cultivation of silk worms in parts of Bihar and Assam.
  • In the mountains and hills, crops are grown on terraces made on gentle slope.

Question 7.
Explain the forest wealth of Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:

  • The vegetation cover is according to the type of landforms.
  • Delta region is covered with mangrove forests.
  • In this basin tropical deciduous trees grow along with teak, sal, peepal.
  • Thick bamboo groves are in Brahmaputra plains.
  • In parts of Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh and other small states of the North-east coniferous trees like pine, deodar, and fir are seen.

Question 8.
Write about the fauna of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
A wide variety of wild life is found here:

  • Elephants, tigers, deer and monkeys are common.
  • One homed rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, crocodiles and alligators are found.
  • Large aquatic life is found in fresh waters like rohu, catla, hilsa.

Question 9.
Why are terraces built on the mountain slopes?
Answer:
Terraces are built on the gentle (mountain) slopes to create flat surfaces on which crops are grown. The slope is removed so that water does not ran off rapidly.

Question 10.
Where is blind variety of dolphin found?
Answer:
In the fresh water of River Ganga and River Brahmaputra, blind variety of dolphin, locally called Susu, is found.

Question 11.
Why is blind dolphin facing extinction?
Answer:
The blind dolphin or Susu is facing extinction at the hand of humans.

  • The Dolphin eats small fish only. The presence of Susu is an indication of the health of the river.
  • The untreated industrial and urban wastes with high amounts of chemical are killing this species.

Question 12.
Which towns and cities are located in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin?
Answer:

  • The Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain has several big towns and cities.
  • The cities of Allahabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, Lucknow, Patna all with a population of more than ten lakhs are located along the River Ganga.
  • The waste water from these towns and industries is discharged into the river leading to its pollution.

Question 13.
Write a note on the transportation found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.
Answer:

  • All the four means of transport are well-developed in Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
  • In the plain areas the roadways and railways transport the people from one place to another.
  • The waterways, is an effective means of transport particularly along the rivers. Kolkata is an important port on the river Hooghly.
  • The plain areas have a large number of airports.

Question 14.
Explain:
tourism is an important activity of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
Tourism is an important activity of the basin.

The following make the basin important from the point of tourism.

  • Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in Agra.
  • Allahabad on the confluence of the River Ganga, Saraswati and Yamuna.
  • Buddhist centres in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. ,
  • Lucknow with its Imambara.
  • Assam with Kaziranga and Manas wild life sanctuaries.
  • Arunachal Pradesh with a distinct tribal culture.

There are so many other places to visit.

Read More