In This Post we are providing CHAPTER 6 THE CHALLENGES OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY NCERT MCQ for Class 12 SOCIOLOGY which will be beneficial for students. These solutions are updated according to 2021-22 syllabus. These MCQS can be really helpful in the preparation of Board exams and will provide you with a brief knowledge of the chapter.
NCERT MCQ ON THE CHALLENGES OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY
QUESTION: 1
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): In Indian nationalism, the dominant trend was marked by an inclusive and democratic vision.
Reason (R): It was democratic because it recognised diversity and plurality
- A.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C.Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D.Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Solution:
Inclusive because it recognised diversity and plurality. Democratic because it sought to do away with discrimination and exclusion and bring forth a just and equitable society.
QUESTION: 2
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): States generally tend to favour a single, homogenous national identity.
Reason (R): Community identities can act as the basis for nation-formation, already existing states see all forms of community identity as dangerous rivals.
- A.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C.Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D.Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Solution:
There is no necessary relationship between any specific form of community and the modern form of the state. But, in the hope of being able to control or manage the nation, states tend to favour a single, homogeneous identity.
QUESTION: 3
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Policies promoting integration are different in style but not in overall objective.
Reason (R): They insist that the public culture be restricted to a common national pattern, while all ‘non-national’ cultures are to be relegated to the private sphere.
- A.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- B.Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- C.Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- D.Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Solution:
Assimilationist policies also require non-dominant or subordinated groups in society to give up their own cultural values and adopt the prescribed ones.
QUESTION: 4
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation building strategies. They sought to secure … the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community – ethnic, religious, linguistic and so on. Most states feared that the recognition of such difference would lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society. In short, such identity politics was considered a threat to state unity. In addition, accommodating these differences is politically challenging, so many states
have resorted to either suppressing these diverse identities or ignoring them on the political domain.
Q. Policies that promote __________are aimed at persuading, encouraging or forcing all citizens to adopt a uniform set of cultural values and norms.
- A.assimilation
- B.isolation
- C.acculturation
- D.integration
Solution: Policies that promote values and norms that are usually entirely or largely those of the dominant social group. Other, nondominant or subordinated groups in society are expected or required to give up their own cultural values and adopt the prescribed ones
.QUESTION: 5
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation building strategies. They sought to secure … the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community – ethnic, religious, linguistic and so on. Most states feared that the recognition of such difference would lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society. In short, such identity politics was considered a threat to state unity. In addition, accommodating these differences is politically challenging, so many states
have resorted to either suppressing these diverse identities or ignoring them on the political domain.
Q. However, there are many successful examples – including India – which show that it is perfectly possible to have a strong nation-state without having to ___________ different types of community identities into one standard type.
- A.homogenise
- B.eliminate
- C.heterogeneous
- D.divide
Solution: To homogenise is to make uniform or similar. If something is homogenized, it is changed so that all its parts are similar or the same, especially in a way that is undesirable. They no longer worry about the homogenization of culture.
QUESTION: 6
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation building strategies. They sought to secure … the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community – ethnic, religious, linguistic and so on. Most states feared that the recognition of such difference would lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society. In short, such identity politics was considered a threat to state unity. In addition, accommodating these differences is politically challenging, so many states have resorted to either suppressing these diverse identities or ignoring them on the political domain.
Q. In the case of integrationist policies too, there is the danger of the dominant group’s culture being treated as ‘________’ culture.
- A.community
- B.regional
- C.national
- D.international
Solution: Policies of integration insist that the public culture be restricted to a common national pattern, while all ‘non-national’ cultures are to be relegated to the private sphere.
QUESTION: 7
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: Historically, states have tried to establish and enhance their political legitimacy through nation building strategies. They sought to secure … the loyalty and obedience of their citizens through policies of assimilation or integration. Attaining these objectives was not easy, especially in a context of cultural diversity where citizens, in addition to their identifications with their country, might also feel a strong sense of identity with their community – ethnic, religious, linguistic and so on. Most states feared that the recognition of such difference would lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society. In short, such identity politics was considered a threat to state unity. In addition, accommodating these differences is politically challenging, so many states have resorted to either suppressing these diverse identities or ignoring them on the political domain.
Q. There is no historically fixed or logically necessary relationship between a ___________and the varied forms of __________ that it could be based on.
- A.state-nation, society
- B.nation-state, community
- C.nation, ideology
- D.community, nation-state
Solution: Today it is hard to define a nation in any way other than to say that it is a community that has succeeded in acquiring a state of its own. Interestingly, the opposite has also become increasingly true. Just as would be or aspiring nationalities are now more and more likely to work towards forming a state, existing states are also finding it more and more necessary to claim that they represent a nation. The relationship between the nation-state and community is relatively new one.
QUESTION: 8
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: We don’t have to do anything to be born into a community – in fact, no one has any choice about which family or community or country they are born into. These kinds of identities are called ‘ascriptive’ – that is, they are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. We often identify so strongly with communities we have done nothing to ‘deserve’ – passed no exam, demonstrated no skill or competence… This is very unlike belonging to, say, a profession or team. Doctors or architects have to pass exams and demonstrate their competence.
Q. Our community provides us various identities through the process of
- A.socialisation
- B.separation
- C.exclusion
- D.discrimination
Solution: Community identity is based on birth and belonging rather than on some forms of acquired qualifications or accomplishments. These kind of identities are called ascriptive i.e. they are determined by birth and individual’s choice is not involved.
QUESTION: 9
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: We don’t have to do anything to be born into a community – in fact, no one has any choice about which family or community or country they are born into. These kinds of identities are called ‘ascriptive’ – that is, they are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. We often identify so strongly with communities we have done nothing to ‘deserve’ – passed no exam, demonstrated no skill or competence… This is very unlike belonging to, say, a profession or team. Doctors or architects have to pass exams and demonstrate their competence.
Q. Most ascriptive identities are accidental and ________________.
- A.Conditional
- B.Unconditional
- C.Achieved
- D.Temporary
Solution: Ascriptive identities are hard to shake off.
Features of Ascriptive Identity:
- They are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned.
- It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental.
QUESTION: 10
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: We don’t have to do anything to be born into a community – in fact, no one has any choice about which family or community or country they are born into. These kinds of identities are called ‘ascriptive’ – that is, they are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. We often identify so strongly with communities we have done nothing to ‘deserve’ – passed no exam, demonstrated no skill or competence… This is very unlike belonging to, say, a profession or team. Doctors or architects have to pass exams and demonstrate their competence.
Q. In times of community conflict, communities become _______________ of each other.
- A.Opposite images
- B.Mirror images
- C.Friends
- D.Kin
Solution: In times of community conflict, communities become Mirror images of each other. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental.
QUESTION: 11
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same: We don’t have to do anything to be born into a community – in fact, no one has any choice about which family or community or country they are born into. These kinds of identities are called ‘ascriptive’ – that is, they are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned. It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. We often identify so strongly with communities we have done nothing to ‘deserve’ – passed no exam, demonstrated no skill or competence… This is very unlike belonging to, say, a profession or team. Doctors or architects have to pass exams and demonstrate their competence.
Q. Everyone has a motherland, a mother tongue, a family, a faith…This signifies another feature of community identity i.e.,_____________.
- A.Achieved
- B.conditional
- C.localised
- D.universal
Solution: Universal is something that exists for everyone across the globe. Universal describes something for everything or everyone. The uni in universal means “one” so this word is all about “one for all and all for one.” If it’s universal, it applies to all cases. Like the universe itself, a universal emotion is one that every human can understand or relate to.
QUESTION: 12
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
To be effective, the ideas of inclusive nationalism had to be built into the Constitution…[T] here is a very strong tendency for the dominant group to assume that their culture or language or religion is synonymous with the nation state. However, for a strong and democratic nation, special constitutional provisions are required to ensure the rights of all groups and those of minority groups in particular… The notion of minority groups is widely used in sociology and is more than a merely numerical distinction.
Q. Statistical minorities are not minorities in the sociological sense because they do not form a _____________ .
- A.collectivity
- B.identity
- C.group
- D.society
Solution: The sociological sense of minority also implies that the members of the minority form a collectivity – that is, they have a strong sense of group solidarity, a feeling of togetherness and belonging.
QUESTION: 13
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
To be effective, the ideas of inclusive nationalism had to be built into the Constitution…[T] here is a very strong tendency for the dominant group to assume that their culture or language or religion is synonymous with the nation state. However, for a strong and democratic nation, special constitutional provisions are required to ensure the rights of all groups and those of minority groups in particular… The notion of minority groups is widely used in sociology and is more than a merely numerical distinction.
Q. ____________such extremely wealthy people are not usually referred to as minorities.
- A.Religious minorities
- B.Numerical minorities
- C.Linguistic minorities
- D.Privileged minorities
Solution: The term ‘privileged minorities’ is self-explanatory. All the other kinds of minorities may or may not be economically powerful.
QUESTION: 14
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
To be effective, the ideas of inclusive nationalism had to be built into the Constitution…[T] here is a very strong tendency for the dominant group to assume that their culture or language or religion is synonymous with the nation state. However, for a strong and democratic nation, special constitutional provisions are required to ensure the rights of all groups and those of minority groups in particular… The notion of minority groups is widely used in sociology and is more than a merely numerical distinction.
Q. Religious minorities like the Parsis or Sikhs may be relatively well-off economically but, they may still be disadvantaged in a __________sense.
- A.economic
- B.sociological
- C.historical
- D.cultural
Solution: The above-mentioned communities may still be disadvantaged in a cultural sense because of their small numbers relative to the overwhelming majority of Hindus. Religious or cultural minorities need special protection because of the demographic dominance of the majority.
QUESTION: 15
Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
To be effective, the ideas of inclusive nationalism had to be built into the Constitution…[T] here is a very strong tendency for the dominant group to assume that their culture or language or religion is synonymous with the nation state. However, for a strong and democratic nation, special constitutional provisions are required to ensure the rights of all groups and those of minority groups in particular… The notion of minority groups is widely used in sociology and is more than a merely numerical distinction.
Q. When minority is used without qualification, it generally implies a relatively small but also _______________ group.
- A.advantaged
- B.disadvantaged
- C.privileged
- D.diverse
Solution: Sociologically speaking, a minority is a social group that besides being small in size suffers a relative social, political and economic disadvantage as well.
