CHAPTER – 10 Struggle for Equality | CLASS 7TH | NCERT CIVICS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & MCQS | EDUGROWN

Answer: (c) History

Answer: (c) Vote

Answer: (a) Privatisation

Answer: (a) Deficiency of money to buy good resources

Answer: (b) insult of owner

Answer: (a) Poverty

Answer: (a) fight for equality

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (a) Equality

Answer:

Answer: law

Answer: Tawa Matsya Sangha, fishermen

Answer: Narmada

Answer: 1958, 1978

Answer: True

Answer: False

Answer: False

Answer: True

Question 1.
What does the Indian Constitution recognise? What does it state?
Answer:

• The Indian constitution recognises all Indians as equal before the law.
• It states that no person can be discriminated against because o^ his religion, sex, caste or whether he is rich or poor.
• All adults in India have the equal right to vote during elections.
• This ‘power over the ballot box’ has been used by people to elect or replace their representatives.

Question 2.
Why does the feeling of equality that the ballot box provides not extend to the most people’s lives?
Answer:
The feeling of equality that the ballot box provides does not extend to most people’s lives. The following reasons are responsible for this:

• The increasing privatisation of health services and the neglect of government hospitals have made it difficult for most poor people like Kanta, Hakim Sheikh and Aman to get good quality healthcare.
• A small juice seller does not have the resources to compete with all of the major companies who sell branded drinks through expensive advertising.
• Farmers like Swapna do not have sufficient resources to grow cotton and so have to take a loan from the traders to grow their crops. This forces them to sell their cotton at a lower price.
• Melani like the millions of domestic workers across the country, is forced to endure the insults and hardships of working as a domestic help because she has no resources to set up something on her own.

Question 3.
State the main reasons why people do not have equality.
Answer:

• Poverty.
• Lack of resources.
• Discrimination on the basis of religion, caste and sex.
• Lack of dignity and respect for certain communities.

Question 4.
Are people discriminated on the basis of religion, caste or gender?
Answer:
Sometimes religion, caste or gender leads to inequality. The Ansaris had the resources to pay the rent but were not able to find apartment on rent. People were reluctant due to their religion.

• Om Prakash Valmiki had to sweep the the school yard because he was Dalit
• Women’s work is considered less valuable than men’s work.
• All these discriminations were social, cultural or gender based Most of the times poverty, lack of dignity or respect for certain communities comes together. It becomes difficult to identify where one ends and other begins.
• Dalit, Adivasi or Muslim girls drop out of schools. This is the combined effect of lack of resources, poverty or social discrimination.

Struggles for Equality

Question 1.
How do some people fight for removal of inequality in the society?
Answer:

• Throughout the world—in every community, village, city and town, there are some people Who are known and respected because of their fight for equality.
• These people stood up against the act of discrimination that theydaced or which they witnessed.
• They are respected because they treat all persons with dignity and are therefore trusted.
• They are called upon to resolve issues in the community.
• Often these persons become more widely recognised because they have the support of large number of people who have united to address a particular issue of inequality.
• In India there are several struggles in which people have come together to fight for issues that they believe are important.

Women started women’s movement to raise issues of equality.

• The Tawa Matsya Sangh in Madhya Pradesh is another example of people coming together to fight for an issue.
• There are many such struggles like these among beedi workers, fisher folk, agricultural labourers and slum dwellers and each group is struggling for justice in its own way.
• There are also many attempts to form cooperatives or other collective ways by which people have more control over resources.

Tawa Matsya Sangh

Question 1.
What leads to displacement of people and communities?
Answer:
There are many reasons which displace people and communities for example:

• When dams are built or forests are declared sanctuaries, thousands of people are displaced
• Villages uprooted and people have to start afresh.
• In urban areas, when bastis of poor people are relocated outside the cities
• Their work, children’s schooling gets disrupted due to distance.
• This displacement has become a widespread problem. People or different organisations usually come together to fight against this. For example Tawa Matsya Sangh

Question 2.
What is TMS?
Answer:
TMS – federation of Fisherworker’s cooperative fights for the rights of displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh

Question 3.
How was Tawa Matsya Sangh formed?
Answer:
Formation of Tawa Matsya Sangh

• Tawa river originates in the Mahadeo hills of Chindwara district.
• It flows through Betul, before joining the Narmada in Hoshangabad.
• The Tawa dam began to be built in 1958 and was completed in 1978.
• It submerged large areas of forest and agricultural land.
• The forest dwellers were left with nothing.
• Some of the displaced people settled around the reservoir.
• They apart from their meagre farms found a livelihood in fishing.
• They earned very little.
• In 1994 the government gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors.
• These contractors drove the local people away and got cheap labour from outside.
• They began to threaten the villagers, who did not want to leave, by bringing in hoodlums.
• The villagers stood united and decided to set up an organisation and do something to protect their rights. Thus, the Tawa Matsya Sangh was formed.

Question 4.
How did Tawa Matsya Sangh achieve its goal of fishing right?
Answer:
Achievement of Goal of Fishing Right:
The newly formed Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) organised a Chakka jam (road blockade), demanding their right to continue fishing for their livelihood.

• In response to their protests, the government created a committee.
• The committee recommended that fishing rights be granted to the villagers for their livelihood.
• A five-year lease agreement was signed.
• With the TMS taking over, the fishworkers were able to increase their earnings substantially because they set up the cooperative which buys the catch from them at a fair price.
• The cooperative arranges to transport and sell this in markets where they get a good price.
• They have now begun to earn more.
• The TMS has also begun giving the fishworkers loans for repair and for buying new nets.
• By Managing to earn a higher wage as well as preserving the fish in the reservoir, the TMS has shown that when people’s organisations get their rights to livelihood, they can be good managers.

Question 5.
Describe creative expression against inequality.
Answer:
Creative Expression against Inequality

• Some people join protest movements to fight inequality.
• At the same time others use their pen, or their voice, or their ability to dance and draw attention to issues of inequality.
• Writers, singers, dancers and artists have also been very active in the fight against inequality.
• Often poems, songs and stories also inspire us and make us believe strongly in an issue and influence our efforts to correct the situation.

The Indian Constitution as a living Document

Question 1.
Give an account of the Indian Constitution as a living document.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution as a Living Document

• The foundation of all movements for justice and inspiration and for all the poetry and
  songs on equality is the recognition of equality among people. ‘
• The Indian Constitutipn recognises the equality of all persons.
• Movements and struggles for equality in India continuously refer to the Indian constitution to make their point about equality and justice for all.
• The fishworkers in the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) hope that the provisions of the Constitution will become a reality through their participation in this movement.
• By constantly referring to the Constitution, they use it as a ‘living document’ i.e., something that has real meaning in our lives.
• In a democracy, there are always communities and individuals trying to expand the idea of democracy and push for a greater recognition of equality on existing as well as new issues.

Question 2.
‘Issues of Equality Are Central to a Democracy’. Explain the statement.
Answer:
Indian Constitution recognises the equality of all. Constitution helps people in their struggle for equality through laws and through government schemes

• Every person is equal before law
• No one is discriminated against on the basis of religion caste race or gender
• Everyone has access to all public places
• Untouchability is abolished

Question 3.
What is important to curb discrimination?
Answer:
Inequality affects poor and marginalised the most. Dignity and self respect of every individual should be realised to have social and economic equality. We must ensure adequate resources to support and nurture their families.