Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory social science ncert solution class 8th

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory Question: Match the following:

Diwani	Tipu Sultan
“Tiger of Mysore”	Right to collect land revenue
Faujdari Adalat	Sepoy
Rani Channamma	Criminal court
Sipahi	Led an anti-British movement in Kitoor

Answer:

Diwani’s	Right to collect land revenue
“Tiger of Mysore”	Tipu Sultan
Faujdari Adalat	Criminal court
Rani Channamma	Led an anti-British movement in Kitoor
Sipahi	Sepoy

Question: Fill in the blanks:

1. The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of ___________.
2. Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of ___________.
3. Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of ___________.
4. Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the ___________ part of India.

Answer:

1. Plassey
2. Mysore
3. Lapse
4. Western

Question: State whether true or false:

(a) The Mughal Empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.

Ans. False

(b) The English East India Company was the only European company traded with India.

Ans. False

(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.

Ans. True

(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes to conquered territories.

Ans. False

Question: What attracted European trading companies to India?

1. i) The fine quality of cotton and silk produced in India had a big European market.
2. ii) Pepper, cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon were in great demand. These attracted European Trading Companies.

Question: What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company?

1. After the death of Aurangazeb, the Bengal Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy.
2. They refused to grant the company concessions and demanded large tributes for the company’s right to trade.
3. They denied the right to mint coins.
4. Nawabs even stopped the Company from extending fortifications.

Question: How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?

Answer: The assumption of Diwani benefited the East India Company in the following way.

1. In 1765 the Mughal emperor appointed the company as the Diwani of the provinces of Bengal.
2. The Diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal.
3. The outflow of gold and silver the company imported to buy goods in India was stopped.
4. The revenue from Bengal could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India.
5. The revenue helped the company maintain its troops and meet the cost of building forts and Company offices.

Question: Explain the system of “subsidiary alliance.”

1. Under the system of ‘subsidiary alliance,’ Indian rulers were not allowed to have independent armed forces.
2. They were to be protected by the Company but had to pay for the subsidiary forces that the company was supposed to maintain for this protection.
3. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as a penalty.
4. The states which had to lose their territories on this ground were Awadh and Hyderabad.
   1. How was the Company’s administration different from that of Indian rulers?
   2. The Company made a proper system of administration. The Indian rulers did not have a proper system of administration.
   3. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies. Whereas the Indian kingdom was divided into provinces.
   4. The supreme head of the British administration was the Governor General. Whereas the supreme head of the Indian administration was King.
   5. A new system of justice was established under British rule.
   6. Each district has two courts – a criminal court (faujdari Adalat) and a civil court (Diwani Adalat).
   7. The Company took suggestions from pundits and maulvis before making new criminal and civil case laws. The Indian rulers seldom thought about respecting local sensibilities before making any rule.
   8. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.
   9. The Company recruited the peasants into the army and trained them as professional soldiers.
   10. It came to be known as the sepoy army.
   11. As warfare technology changed from the 1820s, the cavalry requirements of the company’s army declined.
   12. Soldiers of the Company army had to keep pace with the changing requirements of the military, so its infantry regiment became more important.
   13. In the early nineteenth century, the British developed a uniform military culture.
   14. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to European-style training, drill, and discipline that regulated their life far more than before.

Question: After the British conquest of Bengal, Calcutta grew from a small village to a big city. Discover the city’s culture, architecture, and life of Europeans and Indians during the colonial period.

Answer: Indians were influenced by British culture, architecture, and lifestyle.

1. Culture: British influence began.
2. Architecture: Influenced by British Architecture (fortification of the city, churches, etc.). Rich Indians started constructing bungalows in the English style.
3. Life: English education and English clothes became to be popular.

Question: Collect pictures, stories, poems, and information about the Rani of Jhansi, Mahadji Sindhia, Haidar Ali, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord Dalhousie, or any other contemporary ruler of your region.

Lakshmibai was born probably on 19 November 1828 in the holy town of Varanasi in a Marathi brahmin family. Her father was Moropant Tambe. Her father worked for a court in Peshwa of Bithoor district. Peshwa brought Manikarnika up like his own daughter. The Peshwa called her “Chhabili,” which means “playful.”

She was educated at home and was more independent in her childhood than others of her age; her studies included archery, horsemanship, and self-defense.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to riding on horseback accompanied by a small escort between the palace and the temple. The Rani Mahal, the place of Rani Lakshmibai, has now been converted into a museum. She died, fighting British Army bravely to save her state Jhansi.

Srikanth Mahadji Shinde (also spelled as Mahadji Scindia) was a Maratha statesman known for his crucial role in resurrecting Maratha power following the disastrous Third Battle of Panipat in 1761

Between 1742 and 1761, he would undertake many more campaigns in Northern India. These campaigns would bring regions such as Malwa, Rajputana, Rohilkhand, Bundelkhand, etc., under the Maratha Empire.

His role during the ‘First Anglo-Maratha War was greatest from the Maratha side since he humbled the British in Central India single-handedly, which resulted in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782, where he mediated between the Peshwa and the British.

Hyder Ali was a Muslim ruler of the Mysore princely state and military commander who played an important part in the wars in southern India in the mid-18th century.

He offered anti-colonial solid resistance against the military advances of the British East’India Company during the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars, and he was the innovator of military use of the ‘iron-cased Mysorean rockets.

Ranjit Singh was born to Sardar Maha Singh and Raj Kaur on 13 November 1780, in Gujranwala, Punjab (now in Pakistan). As a child, he suffered from smallpox, resulting in one eye loss. At the time, much of Punjab was ruled by the Sikhs under a Confederate Sarbat Khalsa system, which had divided the territory among factions known as misls. Ranjit Singh’s father was the commander of the Sukerchakia Misl and controlled a territory in west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala.

In 1799, Ranjit Singh captured Lahore (now in Pakistan) from the Bhangi Misl and later made it his capital. This was the first important step in his rise to power. He brought the whole of central Punjab from the Sutlej to the Jhelum in the following years under his sway. This area includes north of Satluj (Jullundhar, Amritsar, Pathankot, etc.); and Lahore, Multan, etc. of Pakistan.

Lord Dalhousie, Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856 .. He introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy which turned out to be one of the major causes of the Revolt of 1857.

In India, he was famous for various negative and positive reasons.
Positive:

1. Railway started in 1853 A.D. for the first time between Bombay and Thane.
2. I am starting with postal and telegraph services in India.
3. I am starting with widow remarriage in 1856 A.D.
4. Completion of Ganges Canal.
5. Reform in Indian civil services.

Negative

1. East India Company captured the princely state of Punjab in 1849 A.D.
2. Second Anglo-Burmese War.
3. The doctrine of Lapse (Most Controversial).
4. Annexation of Awadh.