🧪 Chemistry Practicals

Unit-I: Chemical Substances

• Exp 1A Finding pH of samples (HCl, NaOH, Ethanoic Acid, Lemon juice, Water, etc.) →
• Exp 1B Studying properties of acids and bases (Litmus, Zinc metal, Sodium carbonate) →
• Exp 2 Chemical reactions – Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement →
• Exp 3 Reactivity series of metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Al with salt solutions) →
• Exp 8 Properties of acetic acid (Odour, solubility, litmus test, reaction with NaHCO₃) →
• Exp 9 Cleaning capacity of soap in soft and hard water →

⚡ Physics Practicals

Unit-IV: Effects of Current

• Exp 4 Ohm’s Law – V vs I relationship and resistance determination →
• Exp 5 Equivalent resistance in series and parallel combination →

Unit-III: Natural Phenomena (Optics)

• Exp 10 Focal length of concave mirror and convex lens →
• Exp 11 Refraction through rectangular glass slab (angle of incidence, refraction, emergence) →
• Exp 13 Tracing ray path through glass prism →

🌿 Biology Practicals

Unit-II: World of Living

• Exp 6 Temporary mount of leaf peel to show stomata →
• Exp 7 Show CO₂ is given out during respiration →
• Exp 12 Binary fission in Amoeba, budding in yeast and Hydra →
• Exp 14 Identification of embryo parts in dicot seed (pea, gram, kidney bean) →

⚛️ Physics Practicals – Section A

• Exp 1 Vernier Calipers – Diameter & volume measurement →
• Exp 2 Screw Gauge – Wire diameter & sheet thickness →
• Exp 3 Volume of irregular lamina using screw gauge →
• Exp 4 Spherometer – Radius of curvature determination →
• Exp 5 Beam balance – Mass determination →
• Exp 6 Parallelogram law of vectors – Weight determination →
• Exp 7 Simple pendulum – L-T² graph & effective length →
• Exp 8 Time period variation with bob mass (simple pendulum) →
• Exp 9 Coefficient of friction – Block on horizontal surface →
• Exp 10 Force along inclined plane vs sin θ relationship →

⚛️ Physics Practicals – Section B

• Exp 1 Young’s modulus of elasticity of wire →
• Exp 2 Force constant of helical spring →
• Exp 3 Boyle’s Law – P vs V and P vs 1/V graphs →
• Exp 4 Surface tension by capillary rise method →
• Exp 5 Coefficient of viscosity – Terminal velocity method →
• Exp 6 Cooling curve – Temperature vs time relationship →
• Exp 7 Specific heat capacity by method of mixtures →
• Exp 8 Sonometer – Frequency vs length relationship →
• Exp 9 Sonometer – Length vs tension relationship →
• Exp 10 Speed of sound in air using resonance tube →

🧪 Chemistry Practicals

Basic Laboratory Techniques & Analysis

• A Basic lab techniques (Cutting glass, bending, boring cork) →
• B1 Melting point determination →
• B2 Boiling point determination →
• B3 Crystallization (Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid) →
• C pH determination experiments →
• D Chemical equilibrium – Shift in equilibrium →
• E Quantitative estimation – Titrations (Oxalic acid, NaOH, HCl) →
• F Qualitative analysis – Salt analysis (Cations & Anions) →

🌿 Biology Practicals

• Exp 1 Study of flowering plants – Solanaceae family →
• Exp 2 T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems →
• Exp 3 Osmosis by potato osmometer →
• Exp 4 Plasmolysis in epidermal peels →
• Exp 5 Distribution of stomata on leaf surfaces →
• Exp 6 Comparative transpiration rates →
• Exp 7 Test for sugar, starch, proteins and fats →
• Exp 8 Paper chromatography – Plant pigment separation →
• Exp 9 Rate of respiration study →
• Exp 10-13 Urine analysis (Urea, Sugar, Albumin, Bile salts) →

⚛️ Physics Practicals – Section A

• Exp 1 Resistivity determination by V-I graph →
• Exp 2 Meter bridge – Resistance measurement →
• Exp 3 Laws of combination of resistances (Series/Parallel) →
• Exp 4 Galvanometer resistance by half-deflection method →
• Exp 5 Convert galvanometer to voltmeter/ammeter →
• Exp 6 AC mains frequency using sonometer →

⚛️ Physics Practicals – Section B

• Exp 1 Focal length of concave mirror (u-v method) →
• Exp 2 Focal length of convex mirror →
• Exp 3 Focal length of convex lens (u-v or 1/u – 1/v graph) →
• Exp 4 Focal length of concave lens →
• Exp 5 Angle of minimum deviation for prism →
• Exp 6 Refractive index of glass slab (travelling microscope) →
• Exp 7 Refractive index of liquid (convex lens & plane mirror) →
• Exp 8 Refractive index of liquid (concave mirror method) →
• Exp 9 I-V characteristic curve of p-n junction diode →

🧪 Chemistry Practicals

• A Surface Chemistry – Sol preparation & dialysis →
• B Chemical Kinetics – Reaction rates →
• C Thermochemistry – Enthalpy determination →
• D Electrochemistry – Cell potential variation →
• E Chromatography – Pigment separation & Rf values →
• F Inorganic compound preparation (Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate, Potash Alum) →
• G Organic compound preparation (Acetanilide, Di-benzal acetone, p-Nitroacetanilide) →
• H Functional group tests in organic compounds →
• I Tests for carbohydrates, fats, proteins in foodstuffs →
• J Titration with KMnO₄ (Oxalic acid, Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate) →
• K Qualitative analysis – Complete salt analysis →

🌿 Biology Practicals

• Exp 1 Pollen germination – Temporary mount →
• Exp 2 Plant population density by quadrat method →
• Exp 3 Plant population frequency by quadrat method →
• Exp 4 Mitosis in onion root tip →
• Exp 5 DNA isolation from plant material →
• Spotting Flowers adapted to pollination, Pollen germination on stigma →
• Spotting Gamete development stages (T.S. testis & ovary) →
• Spotting Mendelian inheritance using seeds →
• Spotting Pedigree charts (Blood groups, Color blindness, etc.) →
• Spotting Disease causing organisms (Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium) →

🔬 General Science Practicals

• Exp 1 Preparation of true solution, suspension, and colloidal solution →
• Exp 2 Separation of mixtures – Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, magnetic separation →
• Exp 3 Density determination of solid and liquid →
• Exp 4 Verification of laws of reflection of sound →
• Exp 5 Study of characteristics of sound →
• Exp 6 Laws of reflection using plane mirror →
• Exp 7 Image formation by concave and convex mirrors →
• Exp 8 Preparation of temporary mount of onion peel and cheek cells →
• Exp 9 Determination of melting point of ice and boiling point of water →
• Exp 10 Verification of Archimedes’ principle →

📊 Activities & Projects

• Collection and classification of different types of soil →
• Study of different types of elements, compounds, and mixtures →
• Study of different states of matter →
• Project on water purification methods →
• Study of biodiversity in local area →